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Kalam SN, Dowland S, Lindsay L, Murphy CR. Porosomes in uterine epithelial cells: Ultrastructural identification and characterization during early pregnancy. J Morphol 2022; 283:1381-1389. [PMID: 36059156 PMCID: PMC9828572 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Porosomes are plasma membrane structures in secretory cells that allow transient docking and/or partial fusion of vesicles during which they release their content then disengage. This is referred to as "kiss and run" exocytosis. During early pregnancy, at the time of receptivity, there is a high level of vesicle activity in uterine epithelial cells (UECs). One of the secretory pathways for these vesicles could be via porosomes, which have yet to be identified in UECs. This study identified porosomes in the apical plasma membrane of UECs for the first time. These structures were present on days 1, 5.5, and 6 of early pregnancy, where they likely facilitate partial secretion via "kiss and run" exocytosis. The porosomes were measured and quantified on days 1, 5.5, and 6, which showed there are significantly more porosomes on day 5.5 (receptive) compared to day 1 (nonreceptive) of pregnancy. This increase in porosome numbers may reflect major morphological and molecular changes in the apical plasma membrane at this time such as increased cholesterol and soluble NSF attachment protein receptor proteins, as these are structural and functional components of the porosome complex assembly. Porosomes were observed in both resting (inactive) and dilated (active) states on days 1, 5.5, and 6 of early pregnancy. Porosomes on day 5.5 are significantly more active than on day 1 as demonstrated by the dilation of their base diameter. Further two-way ANOVA analysis of base diameter in resting and dilated states found a significant increase in porosome activity in day 5.5 compared to day 1. This study therefore indicates an increase in the number and activity of porosomes at the time of uterine receptivity in the rat, revealing a mechanism by which the UECs modify the uterine luminal environment at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf N. Kalam
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samson Dowland
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Laura Lindsay
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christopher R. Murphy
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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2
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Embryo co-culture with bovine amniotic membrane stem cells can enhance the cryo-survival of IVF-derived bovine blastocysts comparable with co-culture with bovine oviduct epithelial cells. ZYGOTE 2020; 29:102-107. [PMID: 33079027 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199420000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions have a profound effect on the quality of in vitro-produced embryos. Co-culturing embryos with somatic cells has some beneficial effects on embryonic development. Considering the ability of stem cells to secrete a broad range of growth factors with different biological activities, we hypothesized that bovine amniotic membrane stem cells (bAMSCs) might be superior to bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) in supporting embryonic development and enhancing their cryo-survival. Bovine abattoir-derived oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro. The resultant presumptive zygotes were then cultured up to the blastocyst stage in the following groups: (i) co-culture with bAMSCs, (ii) co-culture with BOECs, and (iii) cell-free culture (Con). Embryos that reached the blastocyst stage were vitrified and warmed, and their post-warming re-expansion, survival and hatching rates were evaluated after 72 h culture. Results showed that the cleavage, blastocyst, and 2 h post-warming re-expansion rates of embryos did not differ between groups. However, their survival rates in BOEC and bAMSC groups were significantly higher compared with the control (72.7, 75.6 and 37.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that the cryo-survivability of IVF-derived bovine embryos could be improved through co-culturing with bAMSCs. Moreover, considering the possibility to provide multiple passages from bAMSCs compared with BOECs, due to their stemness properties and their ability to produce growth factors, the use of bAMSCs is a good alternative to BOECs in embryo co-culture systems.
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3
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Hu JJ, Xiao LF, Song LL, Ge WB, Duan HW, Jiang Y. The expression of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 is regulated by E2 in sheep oviduct. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 286:113135. [PMID: 30849411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some of the functions of melatonin in mammals are exerted through its membrane receptors (MRs) and studies have shown that estradiol (E2) might play an important role in regulating the expression of these proteins in female reproductive organs. However, no reports have reported the expression of MRs in the sheep oviduct or whether they are regulated by E2. Thus, herein, we detected the localization of MT1 and MT2 in the sheep oviduct. Moreover, we also investigated the expression pattern of these markers in the ovulating and non-ovulating side of the oviduct in the sheep ampulla and isthmus. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that both MT1 and MT2 are mainly expressed on oviduct epithelial cells. Both real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses showed that MT1 and MT2 genes and proteins are highly expressed on the non-ovulating side of the oviduct ampulla, but not the ovulating side. However, regarding the oviduct isthmus, there were no significant differences between the ovulating and non-ovulating sides. In vitro, 10 ng/ml and 1 µg/ml of E2, as well as 1 µg/ml of E2 combined with 0.1 µg/ml, 1 µg/ml, and 10 µg/ml of ICI182780 (a non-selective estrogenreceptor antagonist), were used to treat oviduct epithelial cells. We found that E2 inhibited the expression of MT1 and MT2 in cultured oviduct cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was suppressed by ICI182780. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that MRs are present in the sheep oviduct, and that E2, via the ER pathway, regulates their expression in the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Long-Fei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Liang-Li Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hong-Wei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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Comparison of pregnancy rates with transfer of in vivo produced embryos derived using multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) with in vitro produced embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106132. [PMID: 31514928 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, there was comparison of pregnancy rates with transfer of in vivo-produced embryos using multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) with in vitro-produced embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in dromedary camels. In vivo-produced embryos were collected from donors after super-stimulation of follicular development on day 7 after ovulation, while in vitro-derived embryos were produced using SCNT from in vivo-matured oocytes collected from camels after follicular development super-stimulation. As a result of estrous synchronization, all recipient camels for both groups were 1 day earlier in stage of estrous cycle than developmental status of embryos at the time of transfer. The animals into which embryos were transferred were monitored at 7-day intervals after embryo transfer for signs of pregnancy based on response to presence of a male and there was ultrasonic confirmation on days 35 and 60 subsequent to day of estrus in recipient animals. A greater proportion of recipients (P < 0.05) were considered pregnant based on response to male presence when there was transfer of MOET-(76.8 ± 3.2) compared with SCNT- (26.4 ± 2.4) derived embryos on day 14. There was no difference in pregnancy losses in subsequent weeks until day 60 between groups. There were also no differences in calving rates of females in which MOET- (91.7%) and SCNT- (93.3%) derived embryos were transferred. These results indicate pregnancies at day 60 with SCNT-derived embryos are sustained for the remainder of gestation periods similar to when there was transfer of MOET-derived embryos in dromedary camels.
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"Biological Adhesion" is a Significantly Regulated Molecular Process during Long-Term Primary In Vitro Culture of Oviductal Epithelial Cells (Oecs): A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143387. [PMID: 31295879 PMCID: PMC6678391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) actively produce stimulating and protecting factors, favoring survival and viability of gametes and early embryos. The oviduct participates in the initial reproductive events, which strongly depends on adhesion. The analysis of differential gene expression in OECs, during long-term in vitro culture, enables recognition of new molecular markers regulating several processes, including "biological adhesion". Porcine oviducts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as with antibodies against epithelial markers. Then, OECs were long-term in vitro cultured and after 24 h, 7, 15, and 30 days of culture were subjected to transcriptomic and proteomic assays. Microarrays were employed to evaluate gene expression, with Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of light (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry applied to determine the proteome. The results revealed proper morphology of the oviducts and typical epithelial structure of OECs during the culture. From the set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we have selected the 130 that encoded proteins detected by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. From this gene pool, 18 significantly enriched gene ontology biological processes (GO BP) terms were extracted. Among them we focused on genes belonging to "biological adhesion" GO BP. It is suggested that increased expression of studied genes can be attributed to the process of intensive secretion of substances that exhibit favorable influence on oviductal environment, which prime gametes adhesion and viability, fertilization, and early embryo journey.
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Kumaresan A, Johannisson A, Humblot P, Bergqvist AS. Effect of bovine oviductal fluid on motility, tyrosine phosphorylation, and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2018; 124:48-56. [PMID: 30343199 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the complex interactions between oviducts and cryopreserved spermatozoa. Herein we report the dynamic changes in bull sperm functions during in vitro incubation with bovine estrus and luteal oviductal fluid. Frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa was incubated either in non-capacitating medium, capacitating medium, non-capacitating medium containing 20% v/v estrus oviductal fluid or non-capacitating medium containing 20% v/v luteal oviductal fluid for 6 h at 38 °C under 5% CO2. At hourly interval spermatozoa were evaluated for kinematics, tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction. The sperm velocity parameters were higher (P < 0.05) in capacitating medium compared to the other treatments. At 4 and 5 h of incubation, the proportion of live tyrosine phosphorylated spermatozoa was higher (P < 0.05) in estrus oviductal fluid compared to all other treatments. From 4 to 6 h of incubation the proportion of live acrosome reacted spermatozoa was higher (P < 0.05) in estrus oviductal fluid compared to the other treatments. We conclude that estrus oviductal fluid induced tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction in a higher proportion of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa compared to luteal oviductal fluid, although sperm kinematics were not significantly influenced by oviductal during incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumaresan
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Johannisson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofi Bergqvist
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Does migrative and proliferative capability of epithelial cells reflect cellular developmental competence? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acb-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian epithelial and epithelial-like cells are significantly involved in various processes associated with tissue development, differentiation and oncogenesis. Because of that, high number of research is focused on identifying cells that express stem-like or progenitor characteristics. Identifying such cells and recognizing their specific markers, would open new clinical opportunities in transplantology and oncology. There are several epithelia characterized by their ability to rapidly proliferate and/or differentiate. Due to their function or location they are subject to cyclic changes involving processes of apoptosis and regeneration. Literature presenting well-structured studies of these types of epithelia was analyzed in order to compare various results and establish if epithelial cells’ migrative and proliferative ability indicates their stemness potential. Endometrial, ovarian, oviductal and oral mucosal epithelia were analyzed with most of the publications delivering relatively unified results. The ability to rapidly proliferate/differentiate usually indicated the presence of some kind of stem/stem-like/progenitor cells. Most of the papers focused on pinpointing the exact location of these kind of cells, or analyzing specific markers that would be used for their future identification. There have also been substantial proportion of research that focused on discovering growth factors or intercellular signals that induced proliferation/differentiation in analyzed epithelia. Most of the research provided valuable insights into the modes of function and characteristics of the analyzed tissue, outlining the importance of such study for the possible clinical application of in vitro derived cell cultures.
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8
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Hu K, Yu Y. Metabolite availability as a window to view the early embryo microenvironment in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:1027-1038. [PMID: 28722155 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A preimplantation embryo exists independent of blood supply, and relies on energy sources from its in vivo environment (e.g., oviduct and uterine fluid) to sustain its development. The embryos can survive in this aqueous environment because it contains amino acids, proteins, lactate, pyruvate, oxygen, glucose, antioxidants, ions, growth factors, hormones, and phospholipids-albeit the concentration of each component varies by species, stage of the estrous cycle, and anatomical location. The dynamic nature of this environment sustains early development from the one-cell zygote to blastocyst, and is reciprocally influenced by the embryo at each embryonic stage. Focusing on embryo metabolism allowed us to identify how the local environment was deliberately selected to meet the dynamic needs of the preimplantation embryo, and helped reveal approaches to improve the in vitro culture of human embryos for improved implantation rates and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Reproductive Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Reproductive Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Maillo V, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Lopera-Vasquez R, Hamdi M, Gutierrez-Adan A, Lonergan P, Rizos D. Oviductal response to gametes and early embryos in mammals. Reproduction 2016; 152:R127-41. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The oviduct is a complex and organized thin tubular structure connecting the ovary with the uterus. It is the site of final sperm capacitation, oocyte fertilization and, in most species, the first 3–4days of early embryo development. The oviductal epithelium is made up of ciliary and secretory cells responsible for the secretion of proteins and other factors which contribute to the formation of the oviductal fluid. Despite significant research, most of the pathways and oviductal factors implicated in the crosstalk between gametes/early embryo and the oviduct remain unknown. Therefore, studying the oviductal environment is crucial to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling fertilization and embryo development. In vitro systems are a valuable tool to study in vivo pathways and mechanisms, particularly those in the oviducts which in livestock species are challenging to access. In studies of gamete and embryo interaction with the reproductive tract, oviductal epithelial cells, oviductal fluid and microvesicles co-cultured with gametes/embryos represent the most appropriate in vitro models to mimic the physiological conditions in vivo.
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10
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Atwood CS, Vadakkadath Meethal S. The spatiotemporal hormonal orchestration of human folliculogenesis, early embryogenesis and blastocyst implantation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:33-48. [PMID: 27045358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The early reproductive events starting with folliculogenesis and ending with blastocyst implantation into the uterine endometrium are regulated by a complex interplay among endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors. This review examines the spatiotemporal integration of these maternal and embryonic signals that are required for successful reproduction. In coordination with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones, an intraovarian HPG-like axis regulates folliculogenesis, follicular quiescence, ovulation, follicular atresia, and corpus luteal functions. Upon conception and passage of the zygote through the fallopian tube, the contribution of maternal hormones in the form of paracrine secretions from the endosalpinx to embryonic development declines, with autocrine and paracrine signaling becoming increasingly important as instructional signals for the differentiation of the early zygote/morula into a blastocyst. These maternal and embryonic signals include activin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) that are crucial for the synthesis and secretion of the 'pregnancy' hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG in turn signals pre-implantation embryonic cell division and sex steroid production required for stem cell differentiation, and subsequent blastulation, gastrulation, cavitation and blastocyst formation. Upon reaching the uterus, blastocyst hatching occurs under the influence of decreased activin signaling, while the attachment and invasion of the trophoblast into the endometrium appears to be driven by a decrease in activin signaling, and by increased GnRH1 and hCG signaling that allows for tissue remodeling and the controlled invasion of the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium. This review demonstrates the importance of integrative endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling for successful human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia.
| | - Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI 53792, USA
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Desantis S, Accogli G, Silvestre F, Binetti F, Caira M, Lacalandra GM. Modifications of carbohydrate residues in the sheep oviductal ampulla after superovulation. Theriogenology 2015; 83:943-52. [PMID: 25601578 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelium of oviductal ampulla was studied in normal and in superovulated sheep using morphologic analysis and lectin glycohistochemistry. The lining epithelium consisted of two types of cells, ciliated and nonciliated cells. Unlike superovulated samples, the nonciliated cells from control ewes showed apical protrusions indicating an apocrine secretory activity. The ciliated cells showed lectin-binding sites mainly at the level of the cilia which bound all the used lectins except Peanut agglutinin, suggesting the lack of glycans terminating with Galβ1,3GalNAc. In superovulated specimens, the ciliated cells with high mannosylated glycans Concanavalin A (Con A) and GlcNAc and GalNac termini Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II (GSA II) and Dolicurus biflorus agglutinin (DBA) decreased. The luminal surface of nonciliated cells showed all investigated sugar residues in controls, whereas it was lacking in high mannosylated (Con A) and terminal GalNAcα1,3(LFucα1,2)Galβ1,3/4GlcNAcβ1 sequence (DBA) in superovulated ewes. Apical protrusions from control ampullae nonciliated cells showed glycans containing mannose, GlcNac, GalNAc, galactose, and α2,3-linked sialic acid (Con A, KOH-sialidase- Wheat germ agglutnin [WGA], GSA II, SBA, Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-isolectin B4 [GSA I-B4], Maackia amurensis agglutinin II [MAL II]). The supranuclear cytoplasm of nonciliated cells expressed terminal GlcNAc (GSA II) in all specimens, also O-linked glycans (mucin-type glycans) with GalNAc and sialic acid termini (Helix pomatia agglutinin [HPA] and MAL II) in control animals, and also N-linked glycans with fucose, galactose, lactosamine, and α2,3-linked sialic acid termini (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I [UEA I], GSA I-B4, Ricinus communis agglutinin120 [RCA120], and Sambucus nigra agglutinin [SNA] ) in superovulated ewes. These results report for the first time that the superovulation treatment affects the secretory activity and the glycan pattern of the epithelium lining the sheep oviductal ampulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - G Accogli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - F Binetti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Caira
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G M Lacalandra
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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12
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Mokhtar DM. Microscopic and histochemical characterization of the bovine uterine tube during the follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2014; 3:44-52. [PMID: 30023181 PMCID: PMC6014219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphometrical and morphological features of the infundibulum and ampulla of the uterine tubes of adult cattle were studied. The materials used in this study were consisted of 12 pairs of uterine tube of healthy cows at age of 16-36 months, collected from Assiut slaughterhouses. Through observations of the ovaries, follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle of each cattle were specified. Semithin sections of ampulla and infundibulum at follicular and luteal phases were made and histochemical analysis of the ampulla by use of PAS, Alcian Blue, Sudan Black B was also done. In addition, acid phosphatase activity of the ampullar epithelium was demonstrated. Histological analysis of the epithelium of bovine oviduct revealed that it was consisted of non-ciliated secretory cells, two populations of ciliated cells (CC), basal cells and Peg cells. At the luteal phase, the secretory cells possessed many cytoplasmic protrusions that extended beyond the luminal borders of the ciliated cells and exocytosis of secretory materials was observed. While at the follicular phase, the ciliated cells were predominated. The histochemistry of the ampullar epithelium revealed increase in secretions of neutral, acidic mucopolysaccarides and lipid from the secretory cells at the luteal phase with moderate acid phosphatase activity. Histomorphometric examinations of infundibulum and ampulla indicated that the mean number and height of primary folds as well as the thickness of the epithelium were increased significantly at the follicular phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
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13
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Accogli G, Monaco D, El Bahrawy KA, El-Sayed AAEH, Ciannarella F, Beneult B, Lacalandra GM, Desantis S. Morphological and glycan features of the camel oviduct epithelium. Ann Anat 2014; 196:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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García EV, Valdecantos PA, Barrera D, Roldán-Olarte M, Miceli DC. Bone morphogenetic proteins in the bovine oviduct: Differential expression of BMP-5 in the isthmus during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2014; 81:1032-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Vanneste JL, Yu J, Cornish DA, Tanner DJ, Windner R, Chapman JR, Taylor RK, Mackay JF, Dowlut S. Identification, Virulence, and Distribution of Two Biovars of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in New Zealand. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:708-719. [PMID: 30722585 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-12-0700-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, was detected for the first time in New Zealand in November 2010. Only in Bay of Plenty, one of the four regions where this pathogen had been detected, did symptoms evolve beyond leaf spots, resulting in cane die-back, wilting of canes, and canker, sometimes leading to death of the vine. Molecular analysis (cts haplotype and BOX-polymerase chain reaction [PCR] electrophoretic pattern) of strains isolated from different regions of New Zealand revealed that two biovars could be distinguished. They have been called biovar 3 and biovar 4 to differentiate them from strains from Japan (biovar 1) or Korea (biovar 2), which have a different cts haplotype or a different BOX-PCR pattern. Biovars 3 and 4 displayed different degrees of virulence, as measured by their ability to cause leaf spots on young, potted kiwifruit plants. Biovar 3, which has also been present in Italy since 2008 and in France, was found in the Bay of Plenty, where cane diebacks were observed. In contrast, no symptoms other than leaf spots have been observed in orchards where strains of biovar 4 have been isolated. We report the distribution and the disease progression of biovars 3 and 4 in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Vanneste
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J Yu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D A Cornish
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D J Tanner
- ZESPRI International Ltd., Mount Maunganui 3149, New Zealand
| | - R Windner
- Kiwifruit Vine Health Inc., Mt Maunganui 3149, New Zealand
| | - J R Chapman
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - R K Taylor
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - J F Mackay
- dnature diagnostics & research Ltd., Gisborne 4010, New Zealand
| | - S Dowlut
- Verified Laboratory Services, Seeka Kiwifruit Industries, Te Puke, New Zealand
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Das S, Sharma AK, Mohapatra SK, Bhatia V, Chatterjee A, Mohanty A. Purification of cattle oviduct specific proteins and their effect on in vitro embryo development. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Zumoffen CM, Gil R, Caille AM, Morente C, Munuce MJ, Ghersevich SA. A protein isolated from human oviductal tissue in vitro secretion, identified as human lactoferrin, interacts with spermatozoa and oocytes and modulates gamete interaction. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1297-308. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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18
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Abe H, Hoshi H. Bovine oviductal epithelial cells: their cell culture and applications in studies for reproductive biology. Cytotechnology 2012; 23:171-83. [PMID: 22358533 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007929826186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the mammalian oviduct play an important role in reproductive and developmental events that occur there. Oviductal epithelial cells from several mammalian species can be isolated and cultured in serum or serum-free medium in vitro and cell culture of bovine oviductal epithelial cells (BOEC) has been described by many investigators. Cultured BOEC show a wide variety of secretory activities and these secretory factors may influence early embryonic development or sperm function. Monolayer cultures of BOEC have been widely used for in vitro co-culture of bovine preimplantation embryos. The use of BOEC co-culture systems has improved embryonic development in nearly all the studies conducted. In addition, interaction of bovine spermatozoa with BOEC, in a similar manner to that observed for spermatozoa in vivo, induced specific changes in sperm capacitation and consequently improved the fertilizing capacity of bovine spermatozoa in vitro. Thus co-culture systems with BOEC may not only offer an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of capacitation and acrosome reaction of bovine spermatozoa but also provide a useful tool for the improvement of embryo development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abe
- Research Institute for the Functional Peptides, Shimojo, Yamagata, 990, Japan
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19
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Chernov AS, Davidova GA, Kovalitskaya YA. Investigation of beta-endorphin reception in preimplantation development of a mouse embryo in vitro. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:206-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Killian G. PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Evidence that oviduct secretions influence sperm function: A retrospective view for livestock1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1315-22. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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21
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Desantis S, Zizza S, Accogli G, Acone F, Rossi R, Resta L. Morphometric and ultrastructural features of the mare oviduct epithelium during oestrus. Theriogenology 2010; 75:671-8. [PMID: 21111474 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphometric, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations have displayed regional differences in the mare oviductal epithelium. The entire mucosa of the oviduct was lined with a pseudostratified epithelium, which consisted of two distinct cell types, ciliated and non-ciliated. Ciliated cells were predominant in the three different segments of the oviduct and their percentage increased from fimbriae to ampulla and significantly decreased in the isthmus. SEM revealed in the infundibulum finger-like mucosal folds, some of them interconnected, in the ampulla numerous and elaborated branched folds of the mucosa, whereas the isthmus displayed a narrow lumen, short and non-branched mucosal folds. In the ampulla and isthmus the majority of non-ciliated cells showed apical blebs provided or not of short microvilli. TEM displayed different ultrastructural features of ciliated and non-ciliated cells along the oviduct. Isthmus ciliated cells presented a more electron-dense cytoplasm than in infundibulum and ampulla cells and its cilia were enclosed in an amorphous matrix. The non-ciliated cells of infundibulum did not contain secretory granules but some apical endocytic vesicles and microvilli coated by a well developed glycocalyx. Non-ciliated cells of ampulla and isthmus contained secretory granules. Apical protrusions of ampulla displayed two types of secretory granules as well as occasional electron-lucent vesicles. Isthmus non-ciliated cells showed either electron-lucent or electron-dense cytoplasm and not all contained apical protrusions. The electron-dense non-ciliated cells displayed microvilli coated with a well developed glycocalyx. Three types of granules were observed in the isthmus non-ciliated cells. The regional differences observed along the epithelium lining the mare oviduct suggest that the epithelium of the each segment is involved in the production of a distinctive microenvironment with a unique biochemical milieu related to its functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desantis
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), Italy.
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22
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Van Soom A, Wrathall AE, Herrler A, Nauwynck HJ. Is the zona pellucida an efficient barrier to viral infection? Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:21-31. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the transfer of embryos is much less likely to result in disease transmission than the transport of live animals, the sanitary risks associated with embryo transfer continue to be the subject of both scientific investigations and adaptations of national and international legislation. Therefore, the implications are important for veterinary practitioners and livestock breeders. In vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos are widely used in cattle and embryos from other species, such as sheep, goats, pigs and horses, are also currently being transferred in fairly significant numbers. Bearing in mind the wide variety of embryos of different species and the correspondingly large number of viruses that are of concern, it is expedient at this time to look again at the importance of the zona pellucida (ZP) as a barrier against viruses and at the susceptibility or otherwise of embryonic cells to viral infection if ever they are exposed. For embryos with an intact ZP, viral infection of the embryo is unlikely to occur. However, the virus may stick to the ZP and, in this case, International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) washing procedures in combination with trypsin treatment are mandatory. A caveat is the fact that currently more and more types of embryos are becoming available for transfer and scientific data cannot be extrapolated from one species to another. These topics are discussed in the present review.
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23
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Ulbrich SE, Zitta K, Hiendleder S, Wolf E. In vitro systems for intercepting early embryo-maternal cross-talk in the bovine oviduct. Theriogenology 2009; 73:802-16. [PMID: 19963260 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the complex embryo-maternal interactions during the preimplantation period requires the analysis of very early stages of pregnancy. These are difficult to assess in vivo due to the small size of the embryo exerting local paracrine effects. Specifically designed experiments and holistic transcriptome and proteome analyses to address the early embryo-maternal cross-talk in the oviduct require sufficient numbers of well-defined cells in a standardized experimental environment. The pronounced estrous cycle-dependent changes in gene expression and morphology of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) clearly show that a precise definition of the stage of estrous cycle is essential for obtaining a well-defined homogenous population of functional cells. The number of intact cells isolated from individual ampullae by solely mechanical means was 10-fold higher than previously reported cell yields after enzymatic treatment, and the purity was comparable. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells have been cultured as monolayers or in suspension. Proliferating cells grown in monolayers dedifferentiated, with a concomitant loss of important morphologic characteristics. After several days in culture, BOECs in monolayers are less likely to mimic the oviduct environment in vivo than BOEC vesicles formed of epithelial sheets in short-term suspension culture. A 24-h culture system for BOECs isolated on Day 3.5 of the estrous cycle showed excellent preservation of morphologic criteria, marker gene expression, and hormone responsiveness. The short-term BOEC culture system provides well-defined and functional BOECs in sufficient quantities for studies of early embryo-maternal interactions in experiments that mimic the environment in the oviduct in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ulbrich
- Physiology Weihenstephan, and Z I E L Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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24
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Miyoshi K, Akazawa Y, Horiguchi T, Noma T. Localization of adenylate kinase 4 in mouse tissues. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:55-64. [PMID: 19492028 PMCID: PMC2685024 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase (AK) is a key enzyme in the high-energy phosphoryl transfer reaction in living cells. Of its isoforms, AK4 has a similar sequence and subcellular localization to that of AK3 in the mitochondrial matrix. However, unlike AK3, AK4 lacks the guanosine triphosphate: adenosine monophosphate phosphotransferase activity. To elucidate the physiological role of AK4, we explored the protein localization of AK4 in various mouse tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. AK4 protein was detected in the kidney, liver, brain, heart, stomach, intestine, and gonads but not in the lung and spleen. Interestingly, cell-type specific expression was evident in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads. In the cerebellum, AK4 was detected in granular cells but not in Purkinje cell bodies. In the gastrointestinal tract, AK4 was highly expressed in epithelia. In the ovary, AK4 was detected in oocytes and corpora lutea. In the testis, AK4 was detected in spermatocytes but not in spermatogonia. Our findings demonstrate that AK4 localizes uniquely in a cell-type and tissue-specific manner in mouse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yuki Akazawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Taigo Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
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25
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Human tubal secretion can modify the affinity of human spermatozoa for the zona pellucida. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:407-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Gonçalves RF, Wolinetz CG, Barnabe VH, Killian GJ. Influence of Osteopontin in Bovine Uterine Tube Fluid on Sperm Binding and Fertilization in RCA-1 Lectin-treated Oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:152-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Abe H, Hoshi H. Morphometric and Ultrastructural Changes in Ciliated Cells of the Oviductal Epithelium in Prolific Chinese Meishan and Large White Pigs During the Oestrous Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 43:66-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Abe H, Hoshi H. Regional and Cyclic Variations in the Ultrastructural Features of Secretory Cells in the Oviductal Epithelium of the Chinese Meishan Pig. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 42:292-8. [PMID: 17506808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese Meishan pig is prolific breed and it is considered that this pig has a capacity with higher rates of embryonic survival. The oviductal secretory cells may affect the embryonic development and survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructural features of secretory cells in the various regions of the Chinese Meishan pig oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. In the ampullar secretory cells, numerous secretory granules with moderately electron-dense matrices were present in the supranuclear cytoplasm and exocytosis of secretory granules was observed. The number of secretory granules was dramatically reduced in the ampullar secretory cells in the luteal phase. During the follicular phase in the fimbrial epithelium, the secretory cells contained rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, but most cells had few small granules. In the luteal phase, the secretory cells in the ampullar and fimbrial epithelia extended beyond the luminal border of the ciliated cells. In the isthmus, many granules were present in the cytoplasm of secretory cells throughout the oestrous cycle, but the number of secretory granules was reduced in the luteal phase. The cytomorphometric data revealed that the height of ciliated cells decreased substantially in the fimbriae and ampulla at the luteal phase, while that of non-ciliated cells was less affected. These results suggest that the drastic reduction of cell height of ciliated cells cause the extrusion of most secretory cells beyond the ciliated cells in the fimbriae and ampulla during the luteal phase. In summary, our ultrastructural observations of Chinese Meishan pig oviduct revealed marked cyclic changes in the ultrastructural features of secretory cells. In particular, the ultrastructural features and the numbers of secretory granules were distinctive for each particular segment. These findings should provide insight into the regional and cellular differences in functions of secretory cells of the Chinese Meishan pig oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abe
- Tohoku University Biomedical Engineering Research Organization, Sendai, Japan.
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29
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Christensen ST, Pedersen LB, Schneider L, Satir P. Sensory cilia and integration of signal transduction in human health and disease. Traffic 2007; 8:97-109. [PMID: 17241444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hallmark of mammalian tissue cells. Recent research has shown that these organelles display unique sets of selected signal transduction modules including receptors, ion channels, effector proteins and transcription factors that relay chemical and physical stimuli from the extracellular environment in order to control basic cellular processes during embryonic and postnatal development, as well as in tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Consequently, defects in building of the cilium or in transport or function of ciliary signal proteins are associated with a series of pathologies, including developmental disorders and cancer. In this review, we highlight recent examples of the mechanisms by which signal components are selectively targeted and transported to the ciliary membrane and we present an overview of the signal transduction pathways associated with primary and motile cilia in vertebrate cells, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha), hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss the functions of these cilia-associated signal transduction pathways and their role in human health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren T Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section of Biochemistry, The August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
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Abstract
Thermotaxis--movement directed by a temperature gradient--is a prevalent process, found from bacteria to human cells. In the case of mammalian sperm, thermotaxis appears to be an essential mechanism guiding spermatozoa, released from the cooler reservoir site, towards the warmer fertilization site. Only capacitated spermatozoa are thermotactically responsive. Thermotaxis appears to be a long-range guidance mechanism, additional to chemotaxis, which seems to be short-range and likely occurs at close proximity to the oocyte and within the cumulus mass. Both mechanisms probably have a similar function--to guide capacitated, ready-to-fertilize spermatozoa towards the oocyte. The temperature difference between the site of the sperm reservoir and the fertilization site is generated at ovulation by a temperature drop at the former. The molecular mechanism of sperm thermotaxis waits to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Bahat
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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31
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Teilmann SC, Byskov AG, Pedersen PA, Wheatley DN, Pazour GJ, Christensen ST. Localization of transient receptor potential ion channels in primary and motile cilia of the female murine reproductive organs. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 71:444-52. [PMID: 15858826 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the subcellular localization of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels and the potential sensory role of cilia in murine female reproductive organs using confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis on ovary and oviduct tissue sections as well as on primary cultures of follicular granulosa cells. We show that the Ca2+ permeable cation channel, polycystin-2, as well as polycystin-1, a receptor that forms a functional protein complex with polycystin 2, distinctively localize to primary cilia emerging from granulosa cells of antral follicles in vivo and in vitro. Both polycystins are localized to motile oviduct cilia and this localization is greatly increased upon ovulatory gonadotropic stimulation. Further, the Ca2+ permeable cation channel, TRP vaniloid 4 (TRPV4), localizes to a sub-population of motile cilia on the epithelial cells of the ampulla and isthmus with high intensity in proximal invaginations of the epithelial folds. These observations are the first to demonstrate ciliary localization of TRP ion channels and their possible receptor function in the female reproductive organs. We suggest that polycystins 1 and 2 play an important role in granulosa cell differentiation and in development and maturation of ovarian follicles. In the oviduct both TRPV4 and polycystins could be important in relaying physiochemical changes in the oviduct upon ovulation.
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Locatelli Y, Cognié Y, Vallet JC, Baril G, Verdier M, Poulin N, Legendre X, Mermillod P. Successful use of oviduct epithelial cell coculture for in vitro production of viable red deer (Cervus elaphus) embryos. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1729-39. [PMID: 15890398 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for in vitro production (IVP) of viable embryos have been thoroughly developed in several domestic species in view to improve breeding efficiency. When applied to wild life, these techniques may also help the maintenance of biodiversity through amplification of sparse animals offspring and facilitation of genetic material exchange. During the successive steps of IVP, i.e. oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and early embryo development (IVD) to the blastocyst stage, gametes and embryos are faced with unusual environment, including oxidative stress, known to be detrimental to their survival. In the present study, starting from methods developed in domestic species, we have adapted IVP to produce viable red deer embryos. In a first experiment, cumulus cells were removed from in vitro matured oocytes either before or after IVF. The presence of cumulus cells during IVF did not affect final cleavage or development rates. In a second experiment, in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized in the presence of cumulus cells and cultured in SOFaaBSA medium alone or in the presence of ovine oviduct epithelial cell (oOEC) monolayer. Whereas, oviduct cells did not improve the cleavage rate, they significantly increased the rate of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage (from 3 to 25% of total oocytes). Ten blastocysts from oOEC coculture were transferred after freezing and thawing to five recipient hinds and gave rise to three pregnancies. The three pregnant hinds gave birth to three live and normal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Locatelli
- INRA, Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Sato M. Intraoviductal introduction of plasmid DNA and subsequent electroporation for efficient in vivo gene transfer to murine oviductal epithelium. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 71:321-30. [PMID: 15803457 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Various growth factors and proteins produced by oviductal cells have been demonstrated to interact with developing embryos. However, little is known concerning the function of mammalian oviducts at the molecular biological level. This may be partly due to lack of efficient gene transfer to oviductal cells. In this study, we developed an efficient method for transfection of oviductal epithelium using in vivo electroporation (EP) in mice. One microliter of solution containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression plasmid (0.5 microg) and 0.05% trypan blue (TB) were directly introduced into the ampulla of the eCG-hCG-treated B6C3F1 females at embryonic day (E) 0.6 of pregnancy (corresponding to 14:00-15:00 of the day the plug was recognized). The entire oviduct was then electroporated using tweezer-type electrodes attached to a T820 electroporator (BTX Genetronics, Inc., San Diego, CA) with eight square-wave pulses, 50 V in strength and 50 msec in duration. On E 3.4, embryos at morula/early blastocyst stages were collected and their number, morphology, and EGFP-derived fluorescence recorded. Fluorescence in oviducts was also examined. In some cases, these fluorescent oviducts were subjected to cryostat sectioning. Strong fluorescence was observed in some of the oviductal epithelia, with a maximum level of 36%. Neither the number nor morphology of the collected embryos was affected by EP. Some embryos possessed fluorescence in the blastocoel, but not cytoplasm, suggesting incorporation of EGFP present in the oviductal luminal fluid. This system may enable development of new factors regulating development of preimplantation embryos and offers the prospect of a new approach to understanding oviductal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Bureau M, Dea S, Sirard MA. Evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro. Theriogenology 2005; 63:2343-55. [PMID: 15910918 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2001] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. Embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. After 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) at an infectivity of 100 TCID50/mL. Embryos samples were treated with different washing procedures, which all included the following standard washing solutions: PBS+0.4% BSA (five times for 10 s), Hank's+0.25% trypsin (two times for 60-90 or 120-150 s, or one time of 5 min), Hank's+0.1 mg/mL DNase 1+20 U/mL RNase One (one time of 30 min) and PBS+0.4% BSA again (five times for 10s). Two new approaches were used to improve trypsin treatment, 0.1% hyaluronidase (one time for 5 min) instead of trypsin and a pre-incubation with oviductal cells. Therefore, in the first experiment, oocytes received standard maturation treatments and in the second, they were also co-incubated with oviductal cells for the last 3 h of maturation. The effectiveness of the different washing techniques in removing viruses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In the first experiment, trypsin treatment did not eliminate PRRSV, PPV, PCV, and EMCV from contaminated embryos. Surprisingly, treatment with hyaluronidase eliminated all tested viruses. In the second experiment, all viruses tested were removed from the oocytes following the different enzymatic treatments. In conclusion, in vitro embryo decontamination was more effective following exposure to oviductal secretions and hyaluronidase eliminated more virions than trypsin in washing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariève Bureau
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Qué., Canada G1K 7P4
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Quintero I, Ghersevich S, Caille A, Munuce MJ, Daniele SM, Morisoli L. Effects of human oviductal in vitro secretion on spermatozoa and search of sperm-oviductal proteins interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:137-43. [PMID: 15910538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that oviductal proteins could be involved in modulating sperm function and fertilizing ability through as yet not well-known mechanisms. The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of proteins secreted by human oviductal tissue cultures and the effects of their conditioned media (CM) on sperm function under capacitating conditions and in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In addition, interactions between spermatozoa and oviductal proteins were examined. The oviductal tissue was obtained from pre-menopausal patients scheduled for hysterectomies because of uterine fibromyoma. Normozoospermic semen samples were obtained from healthy donors. Cultures of human fallopian tissue were carried out and CM were collected for analysis of the de novo production of [35S]-methionine-labelled proteins by SDS-PAGE. Motile spermatozoa were incubated under capacitating conditions and in PBS, with or without CM, and sperm fertilizing ability was assessed by ionophore-induced acrosome reaction (AR) and the acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge (ARIC) score. The ionophore-induced AR was evaluated by the Pisum sativum technique. Sixteen de novo produced proteins were detected in CM. One of these proteins (molecular weight 79 kDa) was detected in extracts from spermatozoa pre-incubated with CM. Sperm survival and motility were maintained in the presence of CM, although results showed a significant decrease in ARIC score (p < 0.05), with respect to controls. The presence of CM significantly decreased sperm fertilizing ability, without affecting sperm survival. These results suggest that the oviductal secretion could contribute to preserve sperm viability and motility, and to prevent a premature response of spermatozoa to AR inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Quintero
- Laboratory of Reproductive Studies, Area of Clinical Biochemistry and Physiopathology, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Bahat A, Eisenbach M, Tur-Kaspa I. Periovulatory increase in temperature difference within the rabbit oviduct. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2118-21. [PMID: 15817587 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies demonstrated a small temperature difference between the sperm storage and fertilization sites within the oviducts of rabbits and pigs. Our aim was to reveal the time dependence of this temperature difference relative to ovulation, and to determine how this difference is generated-by temperature elevation at one of these sites or by temperature decrease at the other site. METHODS The temperature at the sperm storage site (at the isthmus near the uterotubal junction) and at the fertilization site (the isthmic-ampullary junction) of rabbit oviducts were measured before, during, and after ovulation by two probes, connected to digital thermometers. Rectal temperature was constantly measured and served as a control for body temperature. RESULTS The temperature difference between the fertilization site and the storage site was 0.8+/-0.2 degrees C before ovulation. This difference increased at ovulation, reaching 1.6+/-0.1 degrees C after ovulation (P<0.03). This increased difference was mainly due to temperature decrease in the sperm storage site. CONCLUSION The temperature-difference increase within the rabbit oviduct is generated at ovulation by a reduced temperature at the sperm storage site. This temperature gradient may play a role in mammalian reproduction via sperm thermotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Bahat
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot
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Killian GJ. Evidence for the role of oviduct secretions in sperm function, fertilization and embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82-83:141-53. [PMID: 15271449 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The oviduct is a dynamic organ which facilitates gamete function, fertilization and embryo development. Secretions of the oviduct, recovered by tissue culture or cannulation techniques have been used to define the composition of the oviduct milieu, as well as functions associated with stage of the reproductive cycle or region of the oviduct. Several oviduct proteins have been shown to associate with the gametes and embryos. Ongoing studies are directed at identifying oviduct proteins and determining their function. Oviduct-specific glycoproteins (OSG) have been purified from the oviduct and shown in vitro to have positive affects on sperm capacitation, sperm-ovum binding, ovum penetration and embryo development. Osteopontin, another oviduct secretion, also has been shown to stimulate fertilization and embryo development. The picture emerging is that some components of the oviduct milieu have overlapping functions to collectively provide a failsafe system to ensure fertility in vivo so that success is not dependent on a single component.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Killian
- Almquist Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Herrler A, Krusche CA, Müller-Schöttle F, Beier HM. Haptoglobin expression and release by rabbit oviduct and endometrium, its localization in blastocyst extra-embryonic matrix and fluid during preimplantation time. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2730-7. [PMID: 15388678 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is emerging that haptoglobin, an acute phase protein with immunomodulatory properties, is expressed by the endometrium of various species. The present study describes an in-depth investigation of haptoglobin expression and release in the rabbit reproductive tract and in preimplantation embryos. METHODS The full-length cDNA sequence of rabbit haptoglobin was determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. Haptoglobin expression was studied in the oviductal ampull, and isthmus, endometrium and embryos from the time of ovulation up to adhesion. These results were completed by western blot analysis of reproductive tract secretions and embryonic tissues. RESULTS cDNA sequencing showed a high homology between rabbit and human haptoglobin (84.1%). In oviductal tissues haptoglobin mRNA is clearly expressed from 6 h post-conception (p.c.) to day 3, and in the uterus on days 5 and 6. In the oviductal fluid highest haptoglobin protein content was found between 6 h p.c and day 2, and in the uterine fluid on days 5 and 6 p.c. Embryos do not express haptoglobin mRNA during preimplantation development. However, considerable amounts of maternal haptoglobin protein were detected in the blastocyst coverings and in blastocyst fluid. CONCLUSIONS Already during periovulatory time and oviductal passage, high amounts of haptoglobin are present in the microenvironment surrounding the oocyte/embryo. Two days before implantation, again, high haptoglobin levels are detectable in the embryo's environment. The incorporation of haptoglobin into the extra-embryonic matrix may be of particular functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrler
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Medical School, RWTH University of Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52057 Aachen, Germany.
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Ulbrich SE, Kettler A, Einspanier R. Expression and localization of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta and progesterone receptor in the bovine oviduct in vivo and in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 84:279-89. [PMID: 12711014 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the regulation and localization of estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha, ERbeta) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the bovine oviduct. Oviduct epithelial cells from cycling cows (in vivo) were investigated. In addition, the reactivity of a cell suspension culture stimulated with physiological doses of estradiol-17beta (E2) or progesterone (P4) was tested (in vitro). The specific steroid receptor expression of oviductal cells was quantified for mRNA using real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, steroid receptor proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and localized by immunohistochemistry in situ. Obvious cyclic changes of receptor expression in vivo were observed and concurrent expression patterns were detected in vitro. PR and ERalpha mRNA transcripts were elevated in vivo during the follicular phase. The highest PR and ERalpha protein expression was detected subsequently during the early-luteal phase. In vitro, E2-supplementation resulted in an upregulation of PR and ERalpha. Both ERbeta mRNA and protein expression were highest during the luteal phase in vivo and elevated ERbeta expression levels were observed in vitro after P4 treatment. Evidence is provided for a varying expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and PR in bovine oviducts at different cycle stages in vivo, respectively under steroid supplementation in vitro. The region specific and cycle dependent expression differences point towards a functional importance of the three steroid receptors in the bovine oviduct, the site of fertilization and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ulbrich
- Institute of Physiology, Research Centre for Milk and Food Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, Freising D-85350, Germany
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Romar R, Coy P, Campos I, Gadea J, Matás C, Ruiz S. Effect of co-culture of porcine sperm and oocytes with porcine oviductal epithelial cells on in vitro fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2001; 68:85-98. [PMID: 11600277 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of co-culture with porcine oviductal epithelial cell (POEC) monolayers on in vitro fertilization of pig oocytes. The in vitro penetrability of mature (experiment 1) or immature (experiment 2) oocytes was studied in presence or absence of POEC during IVF with fresh semen. In experiment 3, boar and POEC effects were analyzed but in this case with frozen-thawed spermatozoa. In experiment 4, the spermatozoa were pre-incubated before IVF with or without POEC in order to assess their effect on IVF sperm-related parameters. In experiment 5, the effect of POEC was studied by co-culturing them with oocytes before IVF to determine if monospermy was improved. The results showed that high sperm concentration and POEC increase oocyte penetrability (P<0.01) and decrease monospermy rate (P<0.01), in both mature and immature oocytes (P<0.01) with fresh semen and a 18 h culture time. With frozen semen was detected a boar and POEC effect (P<0.01) on penetration rate. The sperm pre-culture 2 h with POEC also resulted in an increase of sperm penetration in terms of number of sperm per oocyte (P<0.01) and this treatment did not increase monospermy when contact time between gametes was limited to 6 h although monospermy was higher when POEC were present during IVF. Finally, exposure of oocytes to POEC for 4 h before IVF facilitated monospermic penetration to over 70% (P<0.01). In conclusion, the use of POEC in porcine IVF systems provides the possibility of working with low sperm concentrations and the effect of POEC on monospermy depends on sperm concentration, boar and contact time between gametes. Moreover, the exposure of oocytes to POEC before IVF improves the rate of monospermy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Romar
- Department of Animal Biology (Animal Physiology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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Abe H, Onodera M, Sugawara S, Satoh T, Hoshi H. Ultrastructural features of goat oviductal secretory cells at follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. J Anat 1999; 195 ( Pt 4):515-21. [PMID: 10634690 PMCID: PMC1468022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19540515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructure of secretory cells in the various regions of the goat oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. During the follicular phase in the fimbriae, the secretory cells contained small secretory granules with electron-dense matrices. In the luteal phase, the secretory granules disappeared and cytoplasmic protrusions, extending beyond the luminal border of the ciliated cells and often containing the nucleus, were predominant. During the follicular phase in ampullary secretory cells, numerous secretory granules with moderately electron-dense matrices were present in the supranuclear cytoplasm and exocytosis of secretory granules was observed. The number of secretory granules was dramatically reduced in the ampullary secretory cells at the luteal phase. Conspicuous cytoplasmic protrusions of secretory cells were observed similar to those of the fimbrial epithelium. Isthmic cells were almost free of secretory granules and lysosome-like bodies were found both at the follicular and luteal phases. In conclusion, our ultrastructural observations of goat oviduct revealed marked cyclic changes in the ultrastructural features of secretory cells and the ultrastructural features and the numbers of secretory granules were distinctive for each particular segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abe
- Research Institute for the Functional Peptides, Yamagata, Japan.
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Van der Auwera I, Pijnenborg R, Koninckx PR. The influence of in-vitro culture versus stimulated and untreated oviductal environment on mouse embryo development and implantation. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2570-4. [PMID: 10527989 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.10.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective randomised study was performed to evaluate stimulated versus natural oviductal environment in comparison with in-vitro culture for the developmental capacity of mouse embryos. Therefore, embryos of superovulated F1 hybrid CBAxC57Bl females were collected at 17, 22, 41 and 46 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment and randomly divided into five groups. They were either transferred immediately to untreated pseudopregnant females, cultured in vitro for 5, 24 or 29 h before transfer, or cultured in vitro for 96 h to blastocysts. The transfers resulted in an impaired implantation (P < 0.001) and a lower numbers of living fetuses (P < 0.001) when embryos had been exposed longer to the stimulated oviductal environment. Similar results were obtained after a longer period of in-vitro culture (P < 0.05). However when embryos were flushed earlier from the superovulated mice and cultured longer in-vitro until the transfer was performed, the implantation rate was improved (P < 0.01). Blastocyst development, however, was better (P < 0.001) when embryos were flushed later. In conclusion, the stimulated oviductal environment impairs the developmental capacity of embryos in comparison with untreated pseudopregnant females. In-vitro culture is also suboptimal but better than the stimulated oviductal environment.
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Pegoraro LM, Thuard JM, Delalleau N, Guérin B, Deschamps JC, Marquant Le Guienne B, Humblot P. Comparison of sex ratio and cell number of IVM-IVF bovine blastocysts co-cultured with bovine oviduct epithelial cells or with Vero cells. Theriogenology 1998; 49:1579-90. [PMID: 10732021 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of 2 co-culture systems (BOEC and Vero cells) on the development rates, quality grades and sex ratios of IVM-IVF bovine embryos were studied. Zygotes obtained after IVF were co-cultured in each co-culture system for 7 and 8 d (Day 0 = day of insemination) in B2 medium. No effect of the co-culture system was observed on development rates measured on Days 7 and 8. However, Vero cell co-culture had a positive influence on embryo quality. Irrespective of their sex, embryos produced on Vero cells showed higher cells number than those co-cultured on BOEC (103.4 +/- 3.8 and 97 +/- 8.12 for BOEC vs 113.7 +/- 3.5 and 114 +/- 5.9 for Vero cells at Days 7 and 8, respectively; P < 0.05). The percentage of male embryos was increased in the two co-culture systems (60.7% males for BOEC; P < 0.05 vs 63% males for Vero cells; P < 0.01) on Day 7. In both co-culture systems the increase in the percentage of males was more obvious for embryos reaching the most advanced stage (expanded blastocysts). The results show that Vero cells improved the quality grade of bovine embryos produced in vitro, and thus are recommended for use as a safe co-culture system that does not contain pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Pegoraro
- UNCEIA Services techniques, Maisons Alfort, France
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Stojkovic M, Wolf E, Van Langendonckt A, Vansteenbrugge A, Charpigny G, Reinaud P, Gandolfi F, Brevini TA, Mermillod P, Terqui M, Brem G, Massip A. Correlations between chemical parameters, mitogenic activity and embryotrophic activity of bovine oviduct-conditioned medium. Theriogenology 1997; 48:659-73. [PMID: 16728161 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/1996] [Accepted: 04/23/1997] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To establish parameters predicting the quality of bovine oviduct epithelial cell-conditioned media, we compared media conditioned by oviduct cells from cows at Day 2 (n = 3) and Day 15 (n = 3) of the estrous cycle. In addition, we tested the influence of time of conditioning. Media were evaluated for their embryotrophic activity using a cumulus cell co-culture system as a control. The same media were tested for their mitogenic activity on NIH 3T3 cells and for chemical parameters, including total protein, and de novo synthesized protein as well as for concentrations of glucose, lactate and ammonium. Analysis of variance did not reveal a significant effect by stage of the estrous cycle on the embryotrophic activity of conditioned media. However, there was a significant effect by time of conditioning on the proportion of 5- to 8-cell embryos (P < 0.01) and of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts (P < 0.05). None of the conditioned media (19 to 31% blastocysts) was superior to the cumulus cell co-culture system (32% blastocysts). In the conditioned media, the proportion of 5- to 8-cell embryos correlated positively with mitogenic activity on 3T3 cells (r = 0.64; P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of blastocysts was not significantly correlated with this parameter. In summary, our results provide evidence for an effect of time of conditioning on embryotrophic activity of oviduct epithelial cell-conditioned media. The fact that mitogens for NIH 3T3 cells affect the proportion of 5- to 8-cell embryos but not of blastocysts suggests different culture requirements for early and late preimplantation stage development of bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stojkovic
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik, Universität München, Germany
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MORITA M, MIYAMOTO H, SUGIMOTO M, SUGIMOTO N, MANABE N. Alterations in Cell Proliferation and Morphology of Ampullar Epithelium of the Mouse Oviduct during the Estrous Cycle. J Reprod Dev 1997. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.43.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maki MORITA
- Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Hajime MIYAMOTO
- Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Miki SUGIMOTO
- Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Nami SUGIMOTO
- Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Noboru MANABE
- Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
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