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He L. Biomaterials for Regenerative Cranioplasty: Current State of Clinical Application and Future Challenges. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:84. [PMID: 38667541 PMCID: PMC11050949 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired cranial defects are a prevalent condition in neurosurgery and call for cranioplasty, where the missing or defective cranium is replaced by an implant. Nevertheless, the biomaterials in current clinical applications are hardly exempt from long-term safety and comfort concerns. An appealing solution is regenerative cranioplasty, where biomaterials with/without cells and bioactive molecules are applied to induce the regeneration of the cranium and ultimately repair the cranial defects. This review examines the current state of research, development, and translational application of regenerative cranioplasty biomaterials and discusses the efforts required in future research. The first section briefly introduced the regenerative capacity of the cranium, including the spontaneous bone regeneration bioactivities and the presence of pluripotent skeletal stem cells in the cranial suture. Then, three major types of biomaterials for regenerative cranioplasty, namely the calcium phosphate/titanium (CaP/Ti) composites, mineralised collagen, and 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) composites, are reviewed for their composition, material properties, and findings from clinical trials. The third part discusses perspectives on future research and development of regenerative cranioplasty biomaterials, with a considerable portion based on issues identified in clinical trials. This review aims to facilitate the development of biomaterials that ultimately contribute to a safer and more effective healing of cranial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe He
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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2
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Kagawa K, Iida K, Hashizume A, Seyama G, Okamura A, Askoro R, Horie N. Retained Intracerebral Depth Electrode after Stereotactic Electroencephalography Monitoring: A Case Report. NMC Case Rep J 2024; 11:49-53. [PMID: 38454914 PMCID: PMC10918211 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is an increasingly popular surgical modality for localizing the epileptogenic zone. Robot-guided stereotactic electrode placement has been covered in Japan by National Health Insurance since 2020. However, several surgical devices, such as the anchor bolt (a thin, hollow, metal shaft that serves as a guide screw or fixing for each electrode), have not been approved. A 14-year-old female who underwent SEEG for intractable epilepsy and required additional surgery to remove a retained depth electrode from the skull after the SEEG monitoring was finished. She had uncontrolled focal seizures consisting of nausea and laryngeal constriction at the onset. After a comprehensive presurgical evaluation, robot-guided stereotactic electrode implantation was performed to evaluate her seizures by SEEG. Nine depth electrodes were implanted through the twist drill hole. The electrodes were sutured to her skin for fixation without anchor bolts. When we attempted to remove the electrodes after 8 days of SEEG monitoring, one of the electrodes was retained. The retained electrode was removed through an additional skin incision and a small craniectomy under general anesthesia. We confirmed narrowing of the twist drill hole pathway in the internal table of the skull due to osteogenesis, which locked the electrode. This complication might be avoided if an anchor bolt had been used. This case report prompts the approval of the anchor bolts to avoid difficulty in electrode removal. Moreover, approval of a depth electrode with a thinner diameter and more consistent hardness is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Iida
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Seyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akitake Okamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rofat Askoro
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Tsou HK, Wu CH, Chan LY, Kataoka K, Itokazu N, Tsuzuki M, Hu H, Zhuo GY, Itaka K, Lin CY. Administration of mRNA-Nanomedicine-Augmented Calvarial Defect Healing via Endochondral Ossification. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1965. [PMID: 37514151 PMCID: PMC10383176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-area craniofacial defects remain a challenge for orthopaedists, hastening the need to develop a facile and safe tissue engineering strategy; osteoconductive material and a combination of optimal growth factors and microenvironment should be considered. Faced with the unmet need, we propose that abundant cytokines and chemokines can be secreted from the bone defect, provoking the infiltration of endogenous stem cells to assist bone regeneration. We can provide a potent mRNA medicine cocktail to promptly initiate the formation of bone templates, osteogenesis, and subsequent bone matrix deposition via endochondral ossification, which may retard rapid fibroblast infiltration and prevent the formation of atrophic non-union. We explored the mutual interaction of BMP2 and TGFβ3 mRNA, both potent chondrogenic factors, on inducing endochondral ossification; examined the influence of in vitro the transcribed polyA tail length on mRNA stability; prepared mRNA nanomedicine using a PEGylated polyaspartamide block copolymer loaded in a gelatin sponge and grafted in a critical-sized calvarial defect; and evaluated bone regeneration using histological and μCT examination. The BMP2 and TGFβ3 composite mRNA nanomedicine resulted in over 10-fold new bone volume (BV) regeneration in 8 weeks than the BMP2 mRNA nanomedicine administration alone, demonstrating that the TGFβ3 mRNA nanomedicine synergistically enhances the bone's formation capability, which is induced by BMP2 mRNA nanomedicine. Our data demonstrated that mRNA-medicine-mediated endochondral ossification provides an alternative cell-free tissue engineering methodology for guiding craniofacial defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- College of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40303, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Long Yi Chan
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nanae Itokazu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hsuan Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterial and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Tang Y, Wu B, Huang T, Wang H, Shi R, Lai W, Xiang L. Collision of Commonality and Personalization: Better Understanding of the Periosteum. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B: REVIEWS 2022; 29:91-102. [PMID: 36006374 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum is quite essential for bone repair. The excellent osteogenic properties of periosteal tissue make it a popular choice for accelerated osteogenesis in tissue engineering. With advances in research and technology, renewed attention has been paid to the periosteum. Recent studies have shown that the complexity of the periosteum is not only limited to histological features but also includes genetic and phenotypic features. In addition, the periosteum is proved to be quite site-specific in many ways. This brings challenges to the selection of periosteal donor sites. Limited understanding of the periosteum sets up barriers to developing optimal tissue regeneration strategies. A better understanding of periosteum could lead to better applications. Therefore, we reviewed the histological structure, gene expression, and function of the periosteum from both the commonality and personalization. It aims to discuss some obscure issues and untapped potential of periosteum and artificial periosteum in the application, where further theoretical research is needed. Overall, the site-specificity of the periosteum needs to be fully considered in future applications. However, significant further work is needed in relevant clinical trials to promote the further development of artificial periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Ruijianghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No 14th, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, 610041,
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Chen X, Yu B, Wang Z, Li Q, Dai C, Wei J. Progress of Periosteal Osteogenesis: The Prospect of In Vivo Bioreactor. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1930-1939. [PMID: 35794789 PMCID: PMC9483074 DOI: 10.1111/os.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repairing large segment bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue prefabrication shows great translational potentials and has been gradually accepted clinically. Existing bone reconstruction strategies, including autologous periosteal graft, allogeneic periosteal transplantation, xenogeneic periosteal transplantation, and periosteal cell tissue engineering, are all clinically valuable treatments and have made significant progress in research. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of these techniques and briefly explained the relationship among in vivo microenvironment, mechanical force, and periosteum osteogenesis. Moreover, we also highlighted the importance of the critical role of periosteum in osteogenesis and explained current challenges and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
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Periosteum and development of the tissue-engineered periosteum for guided bone regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:41-54. [PMID: 35228996 PMCID: PMC8858911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periosteum plays a significant role in bone formation and regeneration by storing progenitor cells, and also acts as a source of local growth factors and a scaffold for recruiting cells and other growth factors. Recently, tissue-engineered periosteum has been studied extensively and shown to be important for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Using biomimetic methods for artificial periosteum synthesis, membranous tissues with similar function and structure to native periosteum are produced that significantly improve the efficacy of bone grafting and scaffold engineering, and can serve as direct replacements for native periosteum. Many problems involving bone defects can be solved by preparation of idealized periosteum from materials with different properties using various techniques. Methods This review summarizes the significance of periosteum for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis from the aspects of periosteum tissue structure, osteogenesis performance, clinical application, and development of periosteum tissue engineering. The advantages and disadvantages of different tissue engineering methods are also summarized. Results The fast-developing field of periosteum tissue engineering is aimed toward synthesis of bionic periosteum that can ensure or accelerate the repair of bone defects. Artificial periosteum materials can be similar to natural periosteum in both structure and function, and have good therapeutic potential. Induction of periosteum tissue regeneration and bone regeneration by biomimetic periosteum is the ideal process for bone repair. Conclusions Periosteum is essential for bone formation and regeneration, and it is indispensable in bone repair. Achieving personalized structure and composition in the construction of tissue engineering periosteum is in accordance with the design concept of both universality and emphasis on individual differences and ensures the combination of commonness and individuality, which are expected to meet the clinical needs of bone repair more effectively. The translational potential of this article To better understand the role of periosteum in bone repair, clarify the present research situation of periosteum and tissue engineering periosteum, and determine the development and optimization direction of tissue engineering periosteum in the future. It is hoped that periosteum tissue engineering will play a greater role in meeting the clinical needs of bone repair in the future, and makes it possible to achieve optimization of bone tissue therapy.
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Yoo H, Yoon T, Bae HS, Kang MS, Kim BJ. Does periosteum promote chondrogenesis? A comparison of free periosteal and perichondrial grafts in the regeneration of ear cartilage. Arch Craniofac Surg 2021; 22:260-267. [PMID: 34732038 PMCID: PMC8568495 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2021.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elastic ear cartilage is a good source of tissue for support or augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the amount of ear cartilage is limited and excessive use of cartilage can cause deformation of the auricular framework. This animal study investigated the potential of periosteal chondrogenesis in an ear cartilage defect model. Methods Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. Four ear cartilage defects were created in both ears of each rabbit, between the central artery and marginal veins. The defects were covered with perichondrium (group 1), periosteum taken from the calvarium (group 2), or periosteum taken from the tibia (group 3). No coverage was performed in a control group (group 4). All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later, and the ratio of neo-cartilage to defect size was measured. Results Significant chondrogenesis occurred only in group 1 (cartilage regeneration ratio: mean± standard deviation, 0.97± 0.60), whereas the cartilage regeneration ratio was substantially lower in group 2 (0.10± 0.11), group 3 (0.08± 0.09), and group 4 (0.08± 0.14) (p=0.004). Instead of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis was observed in the periosteal graft groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the amount of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed fibrous tissue accumulation in the defect area. Conclusion Periosteal grafts showed weak chondrogenic potential in an ear cartilage defect model of rabbits; instead, they exhibited osteogenesis, irrespective of their embryological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokyung Yoo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taekeun Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Byung Jun Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Santhakumar S, Oyane A, Nakamura M, Yoshino Y, Alruwaili MK, Miyaji H. Bone Tissue Regeneration by Collagen Scaffolds with Different Calcium Phosphate Coatings: Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Low-Crystalline Apatite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195860. [PMID: 34640257 PMCID: PMC8510234 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface-mineralized collagen sponges have attracted much attention as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Recently, we developed amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and low-crystalline apatite coating processes on collagen sponges. In the present study, we applied these coating processes to granular collagen sponges (referred to as Col) to compare the bone tissue regeneration capabilities of ACP-coated and apatite-coated Col (referred to as Col-ACP and Col-Ap, respectively) using a rat cranial bone defect model. According to micro-CT and histological analyses, Col-Ap enhanced bone tissue regeneration compared to Col, whereas Col-ACP did not. These results not only demonstrated the superior bone tissue regeneration capability of Col-Ap, but also indicated limitations of the in vitro simulated body fluid (SBF) test used in our previous study. Despite the apatite-forming ability of Col-ACP in SBF, it was ineffective in improving bone tissue regeneration in vivo, unlike Col-Ap, most likely due to the quick resorption of the ACP coating in the defect site. The present results clarified the importance of the coating stability in vivo and revealed that the low-crystalline apatite coating was more beneficial than the ACP coating in the fabrication of surface-mineralized collagen sponges for use as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Santhakumar
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.O.); (H.M.); Tel.: +81-29-861-3005 (A.O.)
| | - Ayako Oyane
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.O.); (H.M.); Tel.: +81-29-861-3005 (A.O.)
| | - Maki Nakamura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Yuto Yoshino
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Mohammed Katib Alruwaili
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.K.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.O.); (H.M.); Tel.: +81-29-861-3005 (A.O.)
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Khojasteh A, Hosseinpour S, Rad MR, Alikhasi M. Buccal Fat Pad-Derived Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Rehabilitation of Large Alveolar Defects: A Report of Two Cases. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2018; 45:45-54. [PMID: 30280966 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This case report seeks to describe efficient clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) originated from buccal fat pad (BFP) in combination with conventional guided bone regeneration as protected healing space for reconstruction of large alveolar defects after extraction of multiple impacted teeth. The first case was a 19-year-old woman with several impacted teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions, which could not be forced to erupt and were recommended for surgical extraction by the orthodontist. After this procedure, a large bone defect was created, and this space was filled by AdSC loaded natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM), which was protected with lateral ramus cortical plates, microscrews, and collagen membrane. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, the patient received 6 and 7 implant placements, respectively, in the maxilla and mandible. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographic evaluation revealed thorough survival of implants. The second case was a 22-year-old man with the same complaint and large bony defects created after his teeth were extracted. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, he received 4 dental implants in his maxilla and 7 implants in the mandible. At 48 months postoperatively, radiographs showed complete survival of implants. This approach represented a considerable amount of 3-dimensional bone formation in both cases, which enabled us to use dental implant therapy for rehabilitation of the whole dentition. The application of AdSCs isolated from BFP in combination with NBBM can be considered an efficient treatment for bone regeneration in large alveolar bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Khojasteh
- 1 Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- 2 Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhasi
- 4 Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hsiao HY, Yang CY, Liu JW, Brey EM, Cheng MH. Periosteal Osteogenic Capacity Depends on Tissue Source. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1733-1741. [PMID: 29901423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal osteogenic capacity can be exploited to enhance bone formation in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite this importance, there have been no studies examining the composition, structure, and osteogenic capacity of periostea from different bone sources. In this study, structure and osteogenic factor content were compared among periostea from rib, calvarial, femoral, and tibial bones, in which the native bones of these four regions were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. The osteogenic capacity of grafted periosteum was evaluated using an in vivo vascularized pedicle model of bone tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) copolymer hydrogels were seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and implanted with grafted periosteum harvested from either calvarial or tibial bone, which were representative of thin and thick native periostea, respectively. The cambium layer thickness of periostea from the femoral and tibial bones (36.9% ± 2.5% and 36.8% ± 2.6%) was greater than that from the calvarial and rib bones (26.8% ± 2.4% and 25.5% ± 1.9%). The osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were comparatively higher in the femoral and tibial periostea than those in periostea harvested from the calvarial and rib bones. The construct implanted with grafted tibial periosteum resulted in greater neo-bone regeneration and higher osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression. This study is the first investigation of the osteogenic capacity of periostea from diverse sources. The results can be used to guide clinical strategies that exploit periostea for tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Yang
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eric M Brey
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,4 Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Moore ER, Yang Y, Jacobs CR. Primary cilia are necessary for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to postnatal skeletogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217828. [PMID: 30002136 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Prx1 (also known as PRRX1)-expressing cells and their primary cilia are critical for embryonic development, they have yet to be studied in the context of postnatal skeletogenesis owing to the lethality of mouse models. A tamoxifen-inducible Prx1 model has been developed, and we determined that expression directed by this promoter is highly restricted to the cambium layers in the periosteum and perichondrium after birth. To determine the postnatal role of these cambium layer osteochondroprogenitors (CLOPs) and their primary cilia, we developed models to track the fate of CLOPs (Prx1CreER-GFP;Rosa26tdTomato) and selectively disrupt their cilia (Prx1CreER-GFP;Ift88fl/fl). Our tracking studies revealed that CLOPs populate cortical and trabecular bone, the growth plate and secondary ossification centers during the normal program of postnatal skeletogenesis. Furthermore, animals lacking CLOP cilia exhibit stunted limb growth due to disruptions in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Histological examination indicates that growth is stunted due to limited differentiation, proliferation and/or abnormal hypertrophic differentiation in the growth plate. Collectively, our results suggest that CLOPs are programmed to rapidly populate distant tissues and produce bone via a primary cilium-mediated mechanism in the postnatal skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher R Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ni J, Zhang Z, Wang G, Song L, Fan S, Chen P, Lin X. Preparation and Evaluation of Tibia- and Calvarium-Derived Decellularized Periosteum Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3503-3514. [PMID: 33445386 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a key role in bone regeneration and an artificial bionic material is urgently required. The periostea on the tibia and skull differ with respect to the types of cells, microstructure, and components, leading to different biological functions and biomechanical properties. We aimed to prepare decellularized periosteum scaffolds derived from different origins and evaluate their angiogenic and osteogenic activities. Histological assessment of α-smooth muscle actin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and alkaline phosphatase in tibial and calvarial periosteum tissues provided preliminary information on their differing angiogenic and osteogenic properties. We developed decellularization protocols to completely remove the periosteum cellular components and for good maintenance of the hierarchical multilayer structures and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, using a chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay and a nude mouse implantation model, we found that tibia-derived periosteum ECM had superior osteogenic activity and calvarium-derived ECM had good angiogenic activity. The preliminary mechanisms of differing activities were then evaluated by osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell- and MC-3T3 cell-seeded ECM scaffolds. Thus, this study provides periosteum biomaterials that are derived from specific tissues and have different functional properties and structures, for use in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhu Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, P.R. China
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Kim JA, Lim J, Naren R, Yun HS, Park EK. Effect of the biodegradation rate controlled by pore structures in magnesium phosphate ceramic scaffolds on bone tissue regeneration in vivo. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:155-67. [PMID: 27554019 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Similar to calcium phosphates, magnesium phosphate (MgP) ceramics have been shown to be biocompatible and support favorable conditions for bone cells. Micropores below 25μm (MgP25), between 25 and 53μm (MgP53), or no micropores (MgP0) were introduced into MgP scaffolds using different sizes of an NaCl template. The porosities of MgP25 and MgP53 were found to be higher than that of MgP0 because of their micro-sized pores. Both in vitro and in vivo analysis showed that MgP scaffolds with high porosity promoted rapid biodegradation. Implantation of the MgP0, MgP25, and MgP53 scaffolds into rabbit calvarial defects (with 4- and 6-mm diameters) was assessed at two times points (4 and 8weeks), followed by analysis of bone regeneration. The micro-CT and histologic analyses of the 4-mm defect showed that the MgP25 and MgP53 scaffolds were degraded completely at 4weeks with simultaneous bone and marrow-like structure regeneration. For the 6-mm defect, a similar pattern of regeneration was observed. These results indicate that the rate of degradation is associated with bone regeneration. The MgP25 and MgP53 scaffold-implanted bone showed a better lamellar structure and enhanced calcification compared to the MgP0 scaffold because of their porosity and degradation rate. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining indicated that the newly formed bone was undergoing maturation and remodeling. Overall, these data suggest that the pore architecture of MgP ceramic scaffolds greatly influence bone formation and remodeling activities and thus should be considered in the design of new scaffolds for long-term bone tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The pore structural conditions of scaffold, including porosity, pore size, pore morphology, and pore interconnectivity affect cell ingrowth, mechanical properties and biodegradabilities, which are key components of scaffold in bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we designed hierarchical pore structure of the magnesium phosphate (MgP) scaffold by combination of the 3D printing process, self-setting reaction and salt-leaching technique, and first studied the effect of pore structures of bioceramic scaffolds on bone tissue regeneration through both in vitro and in vivo studies (rabbit calvarial model). The MgP scaffolds with higher porosity promoted more rapid biodegradation and enhanced new bone formation and remodeling activities at the same time.
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Regenerative Engineering in Maxillofacial Reconstruction. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ding X, Wu C, Ha T, Wang L, Huang Y, Kang H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Fan Y. Hydroxyapatite-containing silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue-engineered periosteum. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, one-step technology is developed to generate a hydroxyapatite (HA)-containing silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffold which has great potential as osteogenesis promoting scaffolds for constructing tissue-engineered periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Chengqi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Tong Ha
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
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Bigham-Sadegh A, Oryan A. Selection of animal models for pre-clinical strategies in evaluating the fracture healing, bone graft substitutes and bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:175-94. [PMID: 25803622 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1027341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays can be useful in determining biological mechanism and optimizing scaffold parameters, however translation of the in vitro results to clinics is generally hard. Animal experimentation is a better approximation than in vitro tests, and usage of animal models is often essential in extrapolating the experimental results and translating the information in a human clinical setting. In addition, usage of animal models to study fracture healing is useful to answer questions related to the most effective method to treat humans. There are several factors that should be considered when selecting an animal model. These include availability of the animal, cost, ease of handling and care, size of the animal, acceptability to society, resistance to surgery, infection and disease, biological properties analogous to humans, bone structure and composition, as well as bone modeling and remodeling characteristics. Animal experiments on bone healing have been conducted on small and large animals, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats and sheep. This review also describes the molecular events during various steps of fracture healing and explains different means of fracture healing evaluation including biomechanical, histopathological and radiological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bigham-Sadegh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran and
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17
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Syed-Picard FN, Shah GA, Costello BJ, Sfeir C. Regeneration of Periosteum by Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheets. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1078-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Lim J, Lee J, Yun HS, Shin HI, Park EK. Comparison of bone regeneration rate in flat and long bone defects: Calvarial and tibial bone. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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19
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Mashimo T, Saito T, Shiratsuchi H, Iwata J, Uryu T, Tamagawa T, Namaki S, Matsumoto K, Kawashima S, Mori Y, Arai Y, Honda K, Yonehara Y. Assessment of the Bone Regenerative Process from Fibular Periosteum by in vivo Micro Computed Tomography. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Liu Y, Chan JKY, Teoh SH. Review of vascularised bone tissue-engineering strategies with a focus on co-culture systems. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:85-105. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119228
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119228
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital; Singapore 229899
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
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McDuffee LA, Pack L, Lores M, Wright GM, Esparza-Gonzalez B, Masaoud E. Osteoprogenitor Cell Therapy in an Equine Fracture Model. Vet Surg 2012; 41:773-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A. McDuffee
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - LeeAnn Pack
- Companion Animals; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Marcos Lores
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Glenda M. Wright
- Biomedical Sciences; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Blanca Esparza-Gonzalez
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
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Wang P, Xie F, Pan J, Tang X. Differences in the Structure and Osteogenesis Capacity of the Periosteum From Different Parts of Minipig Mandibles. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:1331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Gadahadh R, Rachapalli V, Roberts DE. CT appearance of intercostal nerve neurotisation. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e56-8. [PMID: 22391501 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/71065220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A nerve transfer or neurotisation procedure is performed to repair damaged nerves, in particular those of the brachial plexus following an avulsion injury. An intercostal to phrenic nerve transfer to re-innervate the diaphragm in patients with high cervical spine injury has also been reported in the literature. We present the imaging finding in a 65-year-old female who had an intercostal nerve transfer for a damaged phrenic nerve following a resection for a non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gadahadh
- Department of Radiology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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25
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Song K, Rao NJ, Chen ML, Huang ZJ, Cao YG. Enhanced bone regeneration with sequential delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor and sonic hedgehog. Injury 2011; 42:796-802. [PMID: 21367413 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration approaches that mimic the natural processes of bone repair have generated significant attention. We hypothesized that early delivery of an angiogenic factor combined with sustained exposure to an osteogenic factor would recapitulate the critical aspects of natural bone repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and sonic hedgehog (Shh) were constructed to the recombinant adeno-associated virus, respectively (rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF and rAAV2-Shh). The previous viral vector allowed for regulation of the bFGF expression by the addition of doxycycline, a tetracycline analogue. These two viral vectors were used to cotransduce bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Several osteogenic markers such as core-binding factor a-1, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, protein expressions of transgenes were measured by western blot. Furthermore, these cotransduced BMSCs were seeded on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules and then were implanted into the calvarium defect in a rat model. A sample of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats was divided into six groups (n=5); an 8-mm critical-sized bone defect was made in calvarium of all subjects. Each group was treated with various transgenic BMSCs and β-TCP composites; and the sixth group is the negative control which was implanted with nothing. At 4 weeks after treatment, the samples were evaluated with histological staining. RESULTS The expression of osteogenic marker mRNA had an increased tendency after two genes transduction (p<0.05). In addition, dramatically enhanced regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects was observed in the groups which were implanted with two transgenic BMSCs and β-TCP composites. And in these experimental groups, bone areas and vascular densities were increased significantly (p<0.05) than other groups. CONCLUSION Sequential delivery of angiogenic and osteogenic factors likely has a synergistic effect, mimicking the molecular events of natural bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Maciel-Oliveira N, Bradaschia-Correa V, Arana-Chavez VE. Early alveolar bone regeneration in rats after topical administration of simvastatin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:170-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gurkan UA, Kishore V, Condon KW, Bellido TM, Akkus O. A scaffold-free multicellular three-dimensional in vitro model of osteogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:388-401. [PMID: 21318400 PMCID: PMC10132772 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of osteogenesis are essential for investigating bone biology and the effects of pharmaceutical, chemical, and physical cues on bone formation. Osteogenesis takes place in a complex three-dimensional (3D) environment with cells from both mesenchymal and hematopoietic origins. Existing in vitro models of osteogenesis include two-dimensional (2D) single type cell monolayers and 3D cultures. However, an in vitro scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis is missing. We hypothesized that the self-inductive ossification capacity of bone marrow tissue can be harnessed in vitro and employed as a scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis. Therefore, rat bone marrow tissue was cultured for 28 days in three settings: 2D monolayer, 3D homogenized pellet, and 3D organotypic explant. The ossification potential of marrow in each condition was quantified by micro-computed tomography. The 3D organotypic marrow explant culture resulted in the greatest level of ossification with plate-like bone formations (up to 5 mm in diameter and 0.24 mm in thickness). To evaluate the mimicry of the organotypic marrow explants to newly forming native bone tissue, detailed compositional and morphological analyses were performed, including characterization of the ossified matrix by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, Raman microspectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electron microscopy, and micromechanical tests. The results indicated that the 3D organotypic marrow explant culture model mimics newly forming native bone tissue in terms of the characteristics studied. Therefore, this platform holds significant potential to be used as a model of osteogenesis, offering an alternative to in vitro monolayer cultures and in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut A Gurkan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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Ochareon P, Herring SW. Cell replication in craniofacial periosteum: appositional vs. resorptive sites. J Anat 2011; 218:285-97. [PMID: 21223257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and the shape of craniofacial bones results from periosteal activity, which can be either appositional or resorptive. The periosteum is often used as a source of graft material for osteogenesis, but differences in cellular makeup and proliferative capacity may render resorptive regions unsuitable for transplant. This study was undertaken to characterize the cells in appositional and resorptive periosteum, and to assess variation in proliferative activity. Young pigs (n=9) were injected with bromodeoxyuridine to label replicating cells and killed 3h later. The mandibular ramus, hard palate and zygomatic arch were examined for patterns of periosteal activity, and replicating cells were quantified in 16 appositional and eight resorptive regions. Sections were also reacted for markers of osteogenic (Runx2) and osteoclastic [CTR (calcitonin receptor), RANK, TRAP, CD14] lineage, and for an endothelial label (lectin). Replicating cells were often associated with the vasculature; most were unreactive for markers of differentiation. Although the fibrous layers of periosteum had fewer replicating cells per unit area than inner layers (P<0.005), this was in part due to lower cellularity. Appositional periostea differed from resorptive periostea in having thicker fibrous layers (197 vs. 89μm, P=0.02) and higher replication density in the inner layers (606 vs. 329 labeled cells mm(-2) , P=0.02). Osteoprogenitors were numerous in the inner layers of appositional but very scarce in resorptive periostea. Multinucleated osteoclasts were never seen in appositional regions, but mononuclear cells positive for osteoclastic lineage markers were plentiful, especially in the most rapidly growing areas. These cells appeared to be macrophages accompanying a growth rate so rapid as to resemble a response to trauma. In conclusion, appositional and resorptive periostea differ strikingly in morphology and cell content. Resorptive periosteum is a poor choice for osteogenic grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannee Ochareon
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7446, USA
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29
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Bone grafting by means of a tunnel dissection: predictable results using stem cells and matrix. IMPLANT DENT 2010; 19:280-7. [PMID: 20683284 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3181e40166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate has been shown to add stem cells, growth factors, and cytokines to bone graft matrices used in bone augmentation sites. The combination of bone marrow aspirate and resorbable scaffold material has a significant osteogenic capability that exceeds that of autogenous bone grafts. This article describes a subperiosteal tunneling technique for applying such grafts to defective sites. Treatment of 2 patients for whom the technique was used to graft 6 deficient sites is described. Histological results and histomorphometric analysis of bone core samples taken from 4 of the 6 grafting sites are also reported. Analysis of the 4 bone cores taken between 4 and 6 months showed a range of 34% to 45% of new bone.
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Horner EA, Kirkham J, Wood D, Curran S, Smith M, Thomson B, Yang XB. Long Bone Defect Models for Tissue Engineering Applications: Criteria for Choice. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:263-71. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Horner
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Curran
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smith
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Thomson
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Fan W, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Enhancing in vivo vascularized bone formation by cobalt chloride-treated bone marrow stromal cells in a tissue engineered periosteum model. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3580-9. [PMID: 20153522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum plays an indispensable role in both bone formation and bone defect healing. In this study we constructed an artificial in vitro periosteum by incorporating osteogenic differentiated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and cobalt chloride (CoCl(2))-treated BMSCs. The engineered periostea were implanted both subcutaneously and into skull bone defects in SCID mice to investigate ectopic and orthotopic osteogenesis and vascularization. After two weeks in subcutaneous and four weeks in bone defect areas, the implanted constructs were assessed for ectopic and orthotopic osteogenesis and vascularization by micro-CT, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that CoCl(2) pre-treated BMSCs induced higher degree of vascularization and enhanced osteogenesis within the implants in both ectopic and orthotopic areas. This study provided a novel approach using BMSCs sourced from the same patient for both osteogenic and pro-angiogenic purposes in constructing tissue engineered periosteum to enhance vascularized osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4059, Australia
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van den Bos T, Speijer D, Bank RA, Brömme D, Everts V. Differences in matrix composition between calvaria and long bone in mice suggest differences in biomechanical properties and resorption: Special emphasis on collagen. Bone 2008; 43:459-68. [PMID: 18583211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton consists of bones that are formed in two different ways: long bones via endochondral ossification and flat bones via intramembranous ossification. These different formation modes may result in differences in the composition of the two bone types. Using the 2D-difference in gel electrophoresis technique and mass spectrometry, we analyzed the composition of murine mineral-associated proteins of calvaria and long bone. Considerable differences in protein composition were observed. Flat bones (calvariae) contained more soluble collagen (8x), pigment epithelium derived factor (3x) and osteoglycin (4x); whereas long bones expressed more chondrocalcin (3x), thrombospondin- 1 (4x), fetuin (4x), secreted phosphoprotein 24 (3x), and thrombin (7x). Although cystatin motifs containing proteins, such as secreted phosphoprotein 24 and fetuin are highly expressed in long bone, they did not inhibit the activity of the cysteine proteinases cathepsin B and K. The solubility of collagen differed which coincided with differences in collagen crosslinking, long bone containing 3x more (hydroxylysine)-pyridinoline. The degradation of long bone collagen by MMP2 (but not by cathepsin K) was impaired. These differences in collagen crosslinking may explain the differences in the proteolytic pathways osteoclasts use to degrade bone. Our data demonstrate considerable differences in protein composition of flat and long bones and strongly suggest functional differences in formation, resorption, and mechanical properties of these bone types.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van den Bos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bodde EWH, Spauwen PHM, Mikos AG, Jansen JA. Closing capacity of segmental radius defects in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:206-17. [PMID: 17688264 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the research of synthetic bone graft substitutes, the relevance for bone regeneration can be confirmed in a critical-sized model. In this study the rabbit radial defect was investigated as an ingenious model of critical size, due to its defect immobilizing intact ulna. In addition, the influence of poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on bone regeneration was determined. Sixteen, 4-month-old rabbits received bilateral segmental radial defects of 15 or 20 mm. The osteotomy ends were marked with small titanium pins. Half of the group received injected PLGA microparticle/carboxymethylcellulose implants. Implantation time was 12 weeks. Evaluation consisted of radiographs after surgery and sacrifice, microcomputed tomography and histology. The radiographs revealed that the created defects were significantly smaller after sacrifice. Further a number of radii showed fibrocartilaginous interposition. Both findings indicated instability of the created defect. All evaluation techniques revealed that 15 and 20 mm were not of critical size, as most defects were more or less regenerated. PLGA microparticles did not influence bone regeneration significantly. In conclusion, 15- and 20-mm radius defects in 4-month-old rabbits were not a suitable model for bone regeneration as these defects were neither critical size nor stable. PLGA-microparticle degradation did not influence bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther W H Bodde
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
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Jang DG, Kang SG, Lee SB, Yoo DS, Huh PW, Cho KS, Kim DS, Park CK, Kang JK. Simple excision and periosteal reattachment for the treatment of calcified cephalhematoma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2007; 106:162-4. [PMID: 17330547 DOI: 10.3171/ped.2007.106.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Until now, calcified cephalhematoma has been treated by excision of the lesion and the use of an onlay autograft. The authors report their use of a less complicated alternative, simple excision and periosteal reattachment, in a 3-month-old male infant. They excised the calcified cap of cephalhematoma and reattached the periosteum to the exposed bone surface instead of using an onlay autograft technique. A follow-up CT scan demonstrated a smooth skull contour and good cosmetic appearance. The authors note that this is the first report of the successful use of simple excision and periosteal reattachment for the treatment of a case of calcified cephalhematoma in which there was a depressed area after the calcified cap was removed. They conclude that in cases of calcified cephalhematoma it may be unnecessary to perform a complicated cranioplasty with bone harvested from the top of the calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
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