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Chen Z, Debnath R, Chikelu I, Zhou JX, Ko KI. Primed inflammatory response by fibroblast subset is necessary for proper oral and cutaneous wound healing. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:113-124. [PMID: 37902166 PMCID: PMC11058109 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous mesenchymal cells that exhibit considerable molecular and functional heterogeneity. Besides maintaining stromal integrity, oral fibroblast subsets are thought to play an important role in host-microbe interaction during injury repair, which is not well explored in vivo. Here, we characterize a subset of fibroblast lineage labeled by paired-related homeobox-1 promoter activity (Prx1Cre+) in oral mucosa and skin and demonstrate these fibroblasts readily respond to microbial products to facilitate the normal wound healing process. Using a reporter mouse model, we determined that Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts had significantly higher expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 compared to other fibroblast populations. In addition, Prx1 immunopositive cells exhibited heightened activation of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB during the early wound healing process. At the cytokine level, CXCL1 and CCL2 were significantly upregulated by Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts at baseline and upon LPS stimulation. Importantly, lineage-specific knockout to prevent NF-κB activation in Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts drastically impaired both oral and skin wound healing processes, which was linked to reduced macrophage infiltration, failure to resolve inflammation, and clearance of bacteria. Together, our data implicate a pro-healing role of Prx1-lineage fibroblasts by facilitating early macrophage recruitment and bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ifeoma Chikelu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan X. Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kang I. Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Aldawood ZA, Mancinelli L, Geng X, Yeh SCA, Di Carlo R, C. Leite T, Gustafson J, Wilk K, Yozgatian J, Garakani S, Bassir SH, Cunningham ML, Lin CP, Intini G. Expansion of the sagittal suture induces proliferation of skeletal stem cells and sustains endogenous calvarial bone regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2120826120. [PMID: 37040407 PMCID: PMC10120053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120826120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In newborn humans, and up to approximately 2 y of age, calvarial bone defects can naturally regenerate. This remarkable regeneration potential is also found in newborn mice and is absent in adult mice. Since previous studies showed that the mouse calvarial sutures are reservoirs of calvarial skeletal stem cells (cSSCs), which are the cells responsible for calvarial bone regeneration, here we hypothesized that the regenerative potential of the newborn mouse calvaria is due to a significant amount of cSSCs present in the newborn expanding sutures. Thus, we tested whether such regenerative potential can be reverse engineered in adult mice by artificially inducing an increase of the cSSCs resident within the adult calvarial sutures. First, we analyzed the cellular composition of the calvarial sutures in newborn and in older mice, up to 14-mo-old mice, showing that the sutures of the younger mice are enriched in cSSCs. Then, we demonstrated that a controlled mechanical expansion of the functionally closed sagittal sutures of adult mice induces a significant increase of the cSSCs. Finally, we showed that if a calvarial critical size bone defect is created simultaneously to the mechanical expansion of the sagittal suture, it fully regenerates without the need for additional therapeutic aids. Using a genetic blockade system, we further demonstrate that this endogenous regeneration is mediated by the canonical Wnt signaling. This study shows that controlled mechanical forces can harness the cSSCs and induce calvarial bone regeneration. Similar harnessing strategies may be used to develop novel and more effective bone regeneration autotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A. Aldawood
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Mancinelli
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Xuehui Geng
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Shu-Chi A. Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Roberta Di Carlo
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Taiana C. Leite
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Jonas Gustafson
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA98101
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Joseph Yozgatian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Sasan Garakani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA98101
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15232
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15219
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3
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Yang P, Feng Q, Meng L, Tang R, Jiang Y, Liu H, Si H, Li M. The mechanism underlying the TC-G 1008 rescue of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced osteoblast apoptosis by the upregulation of peroxiredoxin 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 151:106276. [PMID: 35953014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in the elderly with high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown ROS-revulsive osteoblast apoptosis to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. At present, a research hotspot exists on the topic of the ROS-targeted clinical treatment of osteoporosis. TC-G 1008, a potent and selective GPR39 agonist, exerts a conspicuous influence on a myriad of cellular processes, ranging from cellular redox status, to gene expression, to cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which TC-G 1008 regulates osteoblast function under oxidative stress has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of TC-G 1008 in the rescue of ROS-induced apoptosis by upregulating peroxiredoxin (Prx1). In this study, experimental results demonstrated that TC-G 1008 could activate GPR39, which then accelerated ROS obliteration and apoptosis inhibition in osteoblasts via Prx1 upregulation through the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Interestingly, being regarded as an 'information' molecule rather than an anti-oxidase molecule, Prx1 was shown to restrict the dissociation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/thioredoxin (Trx) under oxidative stress, which signified the activation of the ASK1 pathway, thereby resulting in the suppression of apoptosis. In summary, this study explores the double mechanism of TC-G 1008 in osteoblast apoptosis amelioration under oxidative stress through (i) ROS elimination and (ii) ASK1/Trx signal suppression, both of which contribute to increased Prx1 expression, and the results suggest that TC-G 1008 has great potential in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiushi Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Meng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 107, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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4
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Bragdon BC, Bennie A, Molinelli A, Liu Y, Gerstenfeld LC. Post natal expression of Prx1 labels appendicular restricted progenitor cell populations of multiple tissues. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2550-2560. [PMID: 35338481 PMCID: PMC9133217 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus whether there is a single or multiple postnatal stem cell population(s) that contribute to skeletal homeostasis and postnatal bone formation. A known population of cells that express Prx1 contributes to postnatal bone formation. Prx1 expression also connotes calvaria and appendicular tissues during embryonic development. A transgenic tamoxifen inducible Prx1 reporter mouse was used for lineage tracking, to characterize the postnatal contribution of Prx1 expressing cells in skeletal homeostasis and bone formation. Under homeostatic conditions Prx1 labeling gave rise to a transient yet rapid turnover cell population at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces, along muscle fibers, and within the medial layers of vessels both within the muscle and marrow compartments of the appendicular skeleton. Fracture and ectopic bone formation of both fore and hind limbs showed recruitment and expansion of Prx1-derived cells in newly formed bone tissues. Prx1 labeled cells were limited or absent at axial skeletal sites during both homeostasis and after induction of bone formation. Last, Prx1-derived cells differentiated into multiple cell lineages including vascular smooth muscle, adipose, cartilage, and bone cells. These results show that Prx1 expression retained its embryonic tissue specification and connotes a stem/progenitor cell populations of mesenchymal tissue progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth C Bragdon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Bennie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Molinelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Vo TN, Malo Pueyo J, Wahni K, Ezeriņa D, Bolduc J, Messens J. Prdx1 Interacts with ASK1 upon Exposure to H 2O 2 and Independently of a Scaffolding Protein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071060. [PMID: 34209102 PMCID: PMC8300624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key redox signaling molecule that selectively oxidizes cysteines on proteins. It can accomplish this even in the presence of highly efficient and abundant H2O2 scavengers, peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), as it is the Prdxs themselves that transfer oxidative equivalents to specific protein thiols on target proteins via their redox-relay functionality. The first evidence of a mammalian cytosolic Prdx-mediated redox-relay—Prdx1 with the kinase ASK1—was presented a decade ago based on the outcome of a co-immunoprecipitation experiment. A second such redox-relay—Prdx2:STAT3—soon followed, for which further studies provided insights into its specificity, organization, and mechanism. The Prdx1:ASK1 redox-relay, however, has never undergone such a characterization. Here, we combine cellular and in vitro protein–protein interaction methods to investigate the Prdx1:ASK1 interaction more thoroughly. We show that, contrary to the Prdx2:STAT3 redox-relay, Prdx1 interacts with ASK1 at elevated H2O2 concentrations, and that this interaction can happen independently of a scaffolding protein. We also provide evidence of a Prdx2:ASK1 interaction, and demonstrate that it requires a facilitator that, however, is not annexin A2. Our results reveal that cytosolic Prdx redox-relays can be organized in different ways and yet again highlight the differentiated roles of Prdx1 and Prdx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Nghia Vo
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Malo Pueyo
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khadija Wahni
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jesalyn Bolduc
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (T.N.V.); (J.M.P.); (K.W.); (D.E.); (J.B.)
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhang N, Zeng L, Wang S, Wang R, Yang R, Jin Z, Tao H. LncRNA FER1L4 Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Targeting miR-133a-5p/ Prx1 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:795-806. [PMID: 33568918 PMCID: PMC7869715 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s277351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer especially young people in the world. The long non-coding RNA Fer-1-like protein 4 (FER1L4) has been reported to be closely associated with the progression of various human cancers. However, the role of FER1L4 in OSCC remains unclear. Methods The expression level of FER1L4 in OSCC tissues and cancer cell lines was detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and EdU staining assay. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the targeting relationship between FER1L4, miR-133a-5p and Prx1. The protein expression of Prx1 was detected by Western blot. In addition, a xenograft tumor model in vivo was constructed to confirm the function of FER1L4. Results FERIL4 was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cancer cell lines. Moreover, high level of FER1L4 predicted a poor prognosis of OSCC patients. Silencing of FER1L4 not only significantly inhibited cell growth, invasion, migration and induced apoptosis in SCC-9 and HN4 cells in vitro, but also effectively suppressed the tumorigenesis of OSCC cells in vivo. Knockdown of FER1L4 significantly enhanced the expression of miR-133a-5p by sponging it, and then downregulated Prx1 expression. Conclusion Our study elucidated a new mechanism of lncRNA FER1L4 that promoting OSCC progression by directly targeting miR-133a-5p/Prx1 axis and provided novel therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Dental, Xi 'an Tianrui Institute of Stomatology, Xian, Shanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuolin Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
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Moore ER, Mathews OA, Yao Y, Yang Y. Prx1-expressing cells contributing to fracture repair require primary cilia for complete healing in mice. Bone 2021; 143:115738. [PMID: 33188955 PMCID: PMC7769995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that is continuously modified during development, load-induced adaptation, and fracture repair. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms for natural fracture healing can lead to therapeutics that enhance the quality of newly formed tissue, advance the rate of healing, or replace the need for invasive surgical procedures. Prx1-expressing cells in the periosteum are thought to supply the majority of osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the fracture callus, but the exact mechanisms for this behavior are unknown. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that is known to mediate several signaling pathways involved in fracture healing and required for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to juvenile bone development and adult load-induced bone formation. We therefore investigated the role of Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia in fracture repair by developing a mouse model that enabled us to simultaneously track Prx1 lineage cell fate and disrupt Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia in vivo. The cilium KO mice exhibited abnormally large calluses with significantly decreased bone formation and persistent cartilage nodules. Analysis of mRNA expression in the early soft callus revealed downregulation of osteogenesis, Hh signaling, and Wnt signaling, and upregulation of chondrogenesis and angiogenesis. The mutant mice also exhibited decreased Osx and Periostin but increased αSMA and PECAM-1 protein expression in the hard callus. We further used a Gli1LacZ reporter and found that Hh signaling was significantly upregulated in the mutant callus at later stages of healing. Interestingly, altered protein expression and Hh signaling did not correlate with labeled Prx1-lineage cells, suggesting loss of cilia altered Hh signaling non-autonomously. Overall, cilium KO mice demonstrated severely delayed and incomplete fracture healing, and our findings suggest Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia are necessary to tune Hh signaling for proper fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Amandhi Mathews
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Yichen Yao
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Esposito A, Wang L, Li T, Miranda M, Spagnoli A. Role of Prx1-expressing skeletal cells and Prx1-expression in fracture repair. Bone 2020; 139:115521. [PMID: 32629173 PMCID: PMC7484205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The healing capacity of bones after fracture implies the existence of adult regenerative cells. However, information on identification and functional role of fracture-induced progenitors is still lacking. Paired-related homeobox 1 (Prx1) is expressed during skeletogenesis. We hypothesize that fracture recapitulates Prx1's expression, and Prx1 expressing cells are critical to induce repair. To address our hypothesis, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, short and long-term cell tracking analyses of progenies and actively expressing cells, cell ablation studies, and rodent animal models for normal and defective fracture healing. We found that fracture elicits a periosteal and endosteal response of perivascular Prx1+ cells that participate in fracture healing and showed that Prx1-expressing cells have a functional role in the repair process. While Prx1-derived cells contribute to the callus, Prx1's expression decreases concurrently with differentiation into cartilaginous and bone cells, similarly to when Prx1+ cells are cultured in differentiating conditions. We determined that bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), through C-X-C motif-ligand-12 (CXCL12) signaling, modulates the downregulation of Prx1. We demonstrated that fracture elicits an early increase in BMP2 expression, followed by a decrease in CXCL12 that in turn down-regulates Prx1, allowing cells to commit to osteochondrogenesis. In vivo and in vitro treatment with CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 restored Prx1 expression by modulating the BMP2-CXCL12 axis. Our studies represent a shift in the current research that has primarily focused on the identification of markers for postnatal skeletal progenitors, and instead we characterized the function of a specific population (Prx1+ cells) and their expression marker (Prx1) as a crossroad in fracture repair. The identification of fracture-induced perivascular Prx1+ cells and regulation of Prx1's expression by BMP2 and in turn by CXCL12 in the orchestration of fracture repair, highlights a pathway in which to investigate defective mechanisms and therapeutic targets for fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Esposito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tieshi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mariana Miranda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Bassir SH, Garakani S, Wilk K, Aldawood ZA, Hou J, Yeh SCA, Sfeir C, Lin CP, Intini G. Prx1 Expressing Cells Are Required for Periodontal Regeneration of the Mouse Incisor. Front Physiol 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31231227 PMCID: PMC6558369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that post-natal skeletal stem cells expressing Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRX1 or PRRX1) are present in the periosteum of long bones where they contribute to post-natal bone development and regeneration. Our group also identified post-natal PRX1 expressing cells (pnPRX1+ cells) in mouse calvarial synarthroses (sutures) and showed that these cells are required for calvarial bone regeneration. Since calvarial synarthroses are similar to dentoalveolar gomphosis (periodontium) and since there is no information available on the presence or function of pnPRX1+ cells in the periodontium, the present study aimed at identifying and characterizing pnPRX1+ cells within the mouse periodontium and assess their contribution to periodontal development and regeneration. Here we demonstrated that pnPRX1+ cells are present within the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the mouse molars and of the continuously regenerating mouse incisor. By means of diphtheria toxin (DTA)-mediated conditional ablation of pnPRX1+ cells, we show that pnPRX1+ cells contribute to post-natal periodontal development of the molars and the incisor, as ablation of pnPRX1+ cells in 3-days old mice resulted in a significant enlargement of the PDL space after 18 days. The contribution of pnPRX1+ cells to periodontal regeneration was assessed by developing a novel non-critical size periodontal defect model. Outcomes showed that DTA-mediated post-natal ablation of pnPRX1+ cells results in lack of regeneration in periodontal non-critical size defects in the regeneration competent mouse incisors. Importantly, gene expression analysis of these cells shows a profile typical of quiescent cells, while gene expression analysis of human samples of periodontal stem cells (PDLSC) confirmed that Prx1 is highly expressed in human periodontium. In conclusion, pnPRX1+ cells are present within the continuously regenerating PDL of the mouse incisor, and at such location they contribute to post-natal periodontal development and regeneration. Since this study further reports the presence of PRX1 expressing cells within human periodontal ligament, we suggest that studying the mouse periodontal pnPRX1+ cells may provide significant information for the development of novel and more effective periodontal regenerative therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sasan Garakani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zahra A Aldawood
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jue Hou
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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10
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Sun X, Kong L, Li B, Zhang Y, Yang H. Peroxiredoxin 1 silencing inhibited the growth and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via targeting FOXO3 gene. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5019-5026. [PMID: 30464602 PMCID: PMC6208491 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study aimed to investigate the interaction between peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and to explore the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in the development of pancreatic cancer. Material and methods Human pancreatic normal cells HPDE6-C7 and pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 were randomly divided into control group, Prx1-silencing (si-Prx1) group, Prx1/FOXO3 dual-silencing (si-Prx1/FOXO3) group, and negative control group. Cell proliferation assay, clone formation assay, and cell apoptosis assay were performed to investigate the effects of Prx1 silencing and FOXO3 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis ability of pancreatic cancer cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to study the Prx1 and FOXO3 mRNA in the two cells and FOXO3 protein expression in PANC-1 cells. Result We found Prx1 silencing could inhibit growth and promote apoptosis of PANC-1 cells. And Prx1 silencing could decrease the Prx1 mRNA level and increase FOXO3 mRNA level. To further explore the role of Prx1 in PI3K/AKT, we study the cell proliferation and apoptosis ability after adding the PI3K inhibitor and PI3K activator. We observed that PI3K inhibitor could inhibit tumor cell growth and promote cell apoptosis. And PI3K inhibitor also downregulated Prx1 protein expression. Conclusion We concluded that the Prx1 silencing inhibited the growth and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting FOXO3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Sun
- Department of No. 2 Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Lingting Kong
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China,
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China,
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China,
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11
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Moore ER, Yang Y, Jacobs CR. Primary cilia are necessary for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to postnatal skeletogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217828. [PMID: 30002136 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Prx1 (also known as PRRX1)-expressing cells and their primary cilia are critical for embryonic development, they have yet to be studied in the context of postnatal skeletogenesis owing to the lethality of mouse models. A tamoxifen-inducible Prx1 model has been developed, and we determined that expression directed by this promoter is highly restricted to the cambium layers in the periosteum and perichondrium after birth. To determine the postnatal role of these cambium layer osteochondroprogenitors (CLOPs) and their primary cilia, we developed models to track the fate of CLOPs (Prx1CreER-GFP;Rosa26tdTomato) and selectively disrupt their cilia (Prx1CreER-GFP;Ift88fl/fl). Our tracking studies revealed that CLOPs populate cortical and trabecular bone, the growth plate and secondary ossification centers during the normal program of postnatal skeletogenesis. Furthermore, animals lacking CLOP cilia exhibit stunted limb growth due to disruptions in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Histological examination indicates that growth is stunted due to limited differentiation, proliferation and/or abnormal hypertrophic differentiation in the growth plate. Collectively, our results suggest that CLOPs are programmed to rapidly populate distant tissues and produce bone via a primary cilium-mediated mechanism in the postnatal skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher R Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
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12
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Moore ER, Zhu YX, Ryu HS, Jacobs CR. Periosteal progenitors contribute to load-induced bone formation in adult mice and require primary cilia to sense mechanical stimulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:190. [PMID: 29996901 PMCID: PMC6042447 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fully developed adult skeleton adapts to mechanical forces by generating more bone, usually at the periosteal surface. Progenitor cells in the periosteum are believed to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts that contribute to load-induced adult bone formation, but in vivo evidence does not yet exist. Furthermore, the mechanism by which periosteal progenitors might sense physical loading and trigger differentiation is unknown. We propose that periosteal osteochondroprogenitors (OCPs) directly sense mechanical load and differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts via their primary cilia, mechanosensory organelles known to be involved in osteogenic differentiation. METHODS We generated a diphtheria toxin ablation mouse model and performed ulnar loading and dynamic histomorphometry to quantify the contribution of periosteal OCPs in adult bone formation in vivo. We also generated a primary cilium knockout model and isolated periosteal cells to study the role of the cilium in periosteal OCP mechanosensing in vitro. Experimental groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance or student's t test, and sample size was determined to achieve a minimum power of 80%. RESULTS Mice without periosteal OCPs had severely attenuated mechanically induced bone formation and lacked the mineralization necessary for daily skeletal maintenance. Our in vitro results demonstrate that OCPs in the periosteum uniquely sense fluid shear and exhibit changes in osteogenic markers consistent with osteoblast differentiation; however, this response is essentially lost when the primary cilium is absent. CONCLUSIONS Combined, our data show that periosteal progenitors are a mechanosensitive cell source that significantly contribute to adult skeletal maintenance. More importantly, an OCP population persists in the adult skeleton and these cells, as well as their cilia, are promising targets for bone regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Moore
- Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Ya Xing Zhu
- Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Han Seul Ryu
- Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Christopher R. Jacobs
- Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
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13
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Abstract
Sirt1 promotes odontoblastic gene expression in human dental pulp cells, whereas the inhibition of Sirt1 downregulates the expression of those genes. To investigate whether the overexpression of Sirt1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven by Prx1 promoter could rescue the dentin formation defects in Bmi1-deficient (Bmi1-/-) mice, we established the MSCs overexpressing Sirt1 in Bmi1 knockout mice (Sirt1TGBmi1-/-). First, we used Prx1-Cre/ROSAnTnG mice to demonstrate that Prx1 linage cells exist mainly in the pulp horns at 4 wk of age. Second, we found that 4-wk-old Sirt1TG mice had increased tooth volume as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. The expression level of Sirt1 was significantly higher in dental papilla mesenchymal cells of Sirt1TG mice than WT mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the tooth mineralization, dental volume, dentin sialoprotein-immunopositive areas, odontoblastic gene expression, and percentage of proliferating BrdU-positive cells were significantly elevated in the Sirt1TG mice and dramatically reduced in the Bmi1-/- mice versus the WT littermates at 4 wk of age. However, the areas of predentin and the percentage of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were significantly reduced in the Sirt1TG mice but dramatically increased in the Bmi1-/- mice as compared with the WT littermates. All these parameters were rescued in the Sirt1TGBmi1-/- mice versus the Bmi1-/- mice. Finally, by using dental papilla mesenchymal cells, we found that the overexpression of Sirt1 rescued the reduced cell proliferation and differentiation and increased the cell apoptosis caused by Bmi1 deficiency, which was associated with increased p53 deacetylation. Therefore, this study indicates that Sirt1 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting dentin formation in an anabolic approach to the treatment of dental developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Lv
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Stomatology, Taizhou People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Taizhou, China
| | - Y Gu
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Li
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Xie
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhang
- 3 Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Miao
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Sun
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Wang C, Niu W, Chen H, Shi N, He D, Zhang M, Ge L, Tian Z, Qi M, Chen T, Tang X. Nicotine suppresses apoptosis by regulating α7nAChR/ Prx1 axis in oral precancerous lesions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75065-75075. [PMID: 29088845 PMCID: PMC5650400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, a tumor promoter in tobacco, can increase Peroxiredoxin (Prx1) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, we investigate the effects of nicotine in oral precancerous lesions focusing on apoptosis and nAChR/Prx1 signaling. We detected expression of Prx1, α3nAChR, α7nAChR, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and apoptosis in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells as well as in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) or 4NQO + nicotine – induced oral precancerous lesions in Prx1 wild-type (Prx1+/+) and Prx1 knockdown (Prx1+/-) mice. In DOK cells, Prx1 knockdown and blocking α7nAChR activated apoptosis, and nicotine increased the expression of Prx1, α3nAChR and α7nAChR, and inhibited MAPK activation. Moreover, nicotine suppressed apoptosis depending on Prx1 and α7nAChR in DOK cells. In animal bioassay, nicotine and Prx1 promoted growth of 4NQO-induced precancerous lesions in mouse tongue. 4NQO plus nicotine suppressed MAPK activation in Prx1 wild-type mice but not in Prx1 knockdown mice. Our data demonstrate that nicotine inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes the growth of oral precancerous lesions via regulating α7nAChR/Prx1 during carcinogenesis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Niu
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Shi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dian He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moci Qi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Takarada T, Nakazato R, Tsuchikane A, Fujikawa K, Iezaki T, Yoneda Y, Hinoi E. Genetic analysis of Runx2 function during intramembranous ossification. Development 2015; 143:211-8. [PMID: 26657773 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an essential transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation and its haploinsufficiency leads to cleidocranial dysplasia because of a defect in osteoblast differentiation during bone formation through intramembranous ossification. The cellular origin and essential period for Runx2 function during osteoblast differentiation in intramembranous ossification remain poorly understood. Paired related homeobox 1 (Prx1) is expressed in craniofacial mesenchyme, and Runx2 deficiency in cells of the Prx1 lineage (in mice referred to here as Runx2prx1 (-/-)) resulted in defective intramembranous ossification. Runx2 was heterogeneously expressed in Prx1-GFP(+) cells located at the intrasutural mesenchyme in the calvaria of transgenic mice expressing GFP under the control of the Prx1 promoter. Double-positive cells for Prx1-GFP and stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1) (Prx1(+)Sca1(+) cells) in the calvaria expressed Runx2 at lower levels and were more homogeneous and primitive than Prx1(+)Sca1(-) cells. Osterix (Osx) is another transcriptional determinant of osteoblast lineages expressed by osteoblast precursors; Osx is highly expressed by Prx1(-)Runx2(+) cells at the osteogenic front and on the surface of mineralized bone in the calvaria. Runx2 deficiency in cells of the Osx lineage (in mice referred to here as Runx2osx (-/-)) resulted in severe defects in intramembranous ossification. These findings indicate that the essential period of Runx2 function in intramembranous ossification begins at the Prx1(+)Sca1(+) mesenchymal stem cell stage and ends at the Osx(+)Prx1(-)Sca1(-) osteoblast precursor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Azusa Tsuchikane
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Iezaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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16
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Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Ishikawa M, Yue X, Kawanami A, Leahy P, Greenfield EM, Murakami S. Prx1 and 3.2kb Col1a1 promoters target distinct bone cell populations in transgenic mice. Bone 2014; 58:136-145. [PMID: 24513582 PMCID: PMC4000289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bones consist of a number of cell types including osteoblasts and their precursor cells at various stages of differentiation. To analyze cellular organization within the bone, we generated Col1a1CreER-DsRed transgenic mice that express, in osteoblasts, CreER and DsRed under the control of a mouse 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter. We further crossed Col1a1CreER-DsRed mice with Prx1CreER-GFP mice that express CreER and GFP in osteochondro progenitor cells under the control of a 2.4kb Prx1 promoter. Since the 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter becomes active in osteoblasts at early stages of differentiation, and Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing periosteal cells show endogenous Col1a1 expression, we expected to find a cell population in which both the 2.4kb Prx1 promoter and the 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter are active. However, our histological and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that these transgenes are expressed in distinct cell populations. In the periosteum of long bones, Col1a1CreER-DsRed is expressed in the innermost layer directly lining the bone surface, while Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are localized immediately outside of the Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing osteoblasts. In the calvaria, Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are also localized in the cranial suture mesenchyme. Our experiments further showed that Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing cells lack chondrogenic potential, while the Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells show both chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. Our results indicate that Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing cells are committed osteoblasts, while Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are osteochondro progenitor cells. The Prx1CreER-GFP and Col1a1CreER-DsRed transgenes will offer novel approaches for analyzing lineage commitment and early stages of osteoblast differentiation under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiuzhen Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aya Kawanami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Edward M Greenfield
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shunichi Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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17
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Siow RCM, Mann GE. Sequestosome1/p62: a regulator of redox-sensitive voltage-activated potassium channels, arterial remodeling, inflammation, and neurite outgrowth. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:102-116. [PMID: 23792273 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sequestosome1/p62 (SQSTM1) is an oxidative stress-inducible protein regulated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. It is not an antioxidant but known as a multifunctional regulator of cell signaling with an ability to modulate targeted or selective degradation of proteins through autophagy. SQSTM1 implements these functions through physical interactions with different types of proteins including atypical PKCs, nonreceptor-type tyrosine kinase p56(Lck) (Lck), polyubiquitin, and autophagosomal factor LC3. One of the notable physiological functions of SQSTM1 is the regulation of redox-sensitive voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels which are composed of α and β subunits: (Kvα)4 (Kvβ)4. Previous studies have established that SQSTM1 scaffolds PKCζ, enhancing phosphorylation of Kvβ which induces inhibition of pulmonary arterial Kv1.5 channels under acute hypoxia. Recent studies reveal that Lck indirectly interacts with Kv1.3 α subunits and plays a key role in acute hypoxia-induced Kv1.3 channel inhibition in T lymphocytes. Kv1.3 channels provide a signaling platform to modulate the migration and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells and activation of T lymphocytes, and hence have been recognized as a therapeutic target for treatment of restenosis and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the functional interactions of SQSTM1 with Kv channels through two key partners aPKCs and Lck. Furthermore, we provide molecular insights into the functions of SQSTM1 in suppression of proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells and neointimal hyperplasia following carotid artery ligation, in T lymphocyte differentiation and activation, and in NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Richard C M Siow
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Alfieri A, Srivastava S, Siow RCM, Cash D, Modo M, Duchen MR, Fraser PA, Williams SCR, Mann GE. Sulforaphane preconditioning of the Nrf2/HO-1 defense pathway protects the cerebral vasculature against blood-brain barrier disruption and neurological deficits in stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1012-1022. [PMID: 24017972 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral edema are the major pathogenic mechanisms leading to neurological dysfunction and death after ischemic stroke. The brain protects itself against infarction via activation of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms, and we here report the first evidence that sulforaphane-mediated preactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cerebral vasculature protects the brain against stroke. To induce ischemic stroke, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 70 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 4, 24, or 72 h reperfusion. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was upregulated in cerebral microvessels of peri-infarct regions after 4-72 h, with HO-1 preferentially associated with perivascular astrocytes rather than the cerebrovascular endothelium. In naïve rats, treatment with sulforaphane increased Nrf2 expression in cerebral microvessels after 24h. Upregulation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane treatment prior to transient MCAo (1h) was associated with increased HO-1 expression in perivascular astrocytes in peri-infarct regions and cerebral endothelium in the infarct core. BBB disruption, lesion progression, as analyzed by MRI, and neurological deficits were reduced by sulforaphane pretreatment. As sulforaphane pretreatment led to a moderate increase in peroxynitrite generation, we suggest that hormetic preconditioning underlies sulforaphane-mediated protection against stroke. In conclusion, we propose that pharmacological or dietary interventions aimed to precondition the brain via activation of the Nrf2 defense pathway in the cerebral microvasculature provide a novel therapeutic approach for preventing BBB breakdown and neurological dysfunction in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Salil Srivastava
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Richard C M Siow
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michel Modo
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul A Fraser
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Gertz M, Fischer F, Leipelt M, Wolters D, Steegborn C. Identification of Peroxiredoxin 1 as a novel interaction partner for the lifespan regulator protein p66Shc. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:254-65. [PMID: 20157513 PMCID: PMC2806001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Damage caused by reactive
oxygen species (ROS) contributes to many aging processes and accompanying
diseases. ROS are toxic side products of cellular respiration, but also
function as signal, e.g. in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The
protein p66Shc, which has been implicated in life-span regulation and
aging-related diseases, is a central player in stress-induced apoptosis and
the associated ROS burst. Stress signals, such as UV radiation or ROS
themselves, activate p66Shc, which was proposed to stimulate its H2O2
forming activity, ultimately triggering mitochondrial disintegration.
However, mechanistic details of H2O2 formation and
apoptosis induction by p66Shc and regulation of these activities remain to
be revealed. Here,
we describe the effects of Ser36 phosphorylation and Pin1 binding on p66Shc
activity, and the identification of Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) as a novel
interaction partner for the unique p66Shc N-terminal domain. Prx1 was
identified in affinity experiments as dominant interaction partner. Complex
formation leads to disassembly of Prx1 decamers, which is known to increase
its peroxidase activity. The interaction leads to reduction of the p66CH2CB
tetramer, which reduces its ability to induce mitochondrial rupture. Our
results indicate that p66CH2CB and Prx1 form a stress-sensing complex that
keeps p66Shc inactive at moderate stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gertz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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