1
|
Pei F, Ma L, Guo T, Zhang M, Jing J, Wen Q, Feng J, Lei J, He J, Janečková E, Ho TV, Chen JF, Chai Y. Sensory nerve regulates progenitor cells via FGF-SHH axis in tooth root morphogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202043. [PMID: 38108472 PMCID: PMC10820866 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nerves play important roles in organ development and tissue homeostasis. Stem/progenitor cells differentiate into different cell lineages responsible for building the craniofacial organs. The mechanism by which nerves regulate stem/progenitor cell behavior in organ morphogenesis has not yet been comprehensively explored. Here, we use tooth root development in mouse as a model to investigate how sensory nerves regulate organogenesis. We show that sensory nerve fibers are enriched in the dental papilla at the initiation of tooth root development. Through single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the trigeminal ganglion and developing molar, we reveal several signaling pathways that connect the sensory nerve with the developing molar, of which FGF signaling appears to be one of the important regulators. Fgfr2 is expressed in the progenitor cells during tooth root development. Loss of FGF signaling leads to shortened roots with compromised proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells. Furthermore, Hh signaling is impaired in Gli1-CreER;Fgfr2fl/fl mice. Modulation of Hh signaling rescues the tooth root defects in these mice. Collectively, our findings elucidate the nerve-progenitor crosstalk and reveal the molecular mechanism of the FGF-SHH signaling cascade during tooth root morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Quan Wen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jie Lei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eva Janečková
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao Y, Li T, Yu T, Yang X, Wang Y, Cai J, Cheng SY, Liu C, Yue S. Hedgehog signal activates AMPK via Smoothened to promote autophagy and lipid degradation in hepatocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:284-293. [PMID: 36821837 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in the past decade have shown that lipid droplets stored in liver cells under starvation are encapsulated by autophagosomes and fused to lysosomes via the endocytic system. Autophagy responds to a variety of environmental factors inside and outside the cell, so it has a complex signal regulation network. To this end, we first explored the role of Hedgehog (Hh) in autophagy and lipid metabolism. Treatment of normal mouse liver cells with SAG and GDC-0449 revealed elevated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased lipidation of LC3. SAG, and GDC-0449 were agonist and antagonist of Smoothened (Smo) in canonical Hh pathway, respectively, but they played a consistent role in the regulation of autophagy in hepatocytes. Moreover, SAG and GDC-0449 did not affect the expression of glioma-associated oncogene (Gli1) and patched 1, suggesting the absence of canonical Hh signaling in hepatocytes. We further knocked down the Smo and found that the effects of SAG and GDC-0449 disappeared, indicating that the non-canonical Smo pathway was involved in the regulation of autophagy in hepatocytes. In addition, SAG and GDC-0449 promoted lipid degradation and inhibited lipid production signals. Knockdown of Smo slowed down the rate of lipid degradation rather than Sufu or Gli1, indicating that Hh signaling regulated the lipid metabolism via Smo. In summary, activates AMPK via Smo to promote autophagy and lipid degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shen Yue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lav R, Krivanek J, Anthwal N, Tucker AS. Wnt signaling from Gli1-expressing apical stem/progenitor cells is essential for the coordination of tooth root development. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1015-1029. [PMID: 36931279 PMCID: PMC10147554 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell regulation plays a crucial role during development and homeostasis. Here, an essential source of Wnts from Gli1+ stem/progenitor cells was identified in the murine molar. Loss of Wnt production in Gli1+ apical stem/progenitor cells led to loss of Axin2 at the root apex, mis-regulation of SOX9, loss of BMP and Hh signaling, and truncation of root development. In the absence of Wnt signals, the root epithelium lost its integrity and epithelial identity. This phenotype could be partially mimicked by loss of Sox9 in the Gli1 population. Stabilization of Wnt signaling in the apical papilla led to rapid unordered differentiation of hard tissues and fragmentation of the epithelial root sheath. Wnt signaling from Gli1+ stem/progenitor cells, therefore, orchestrates root development, coordinating mesenchymal and epithelial interactions via SOX9 to regulate stem/progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that disparate stem/progenitor cell populations are unified in their fundamental signaling interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Lav
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Míguez DG, Iannini A, García-Morales D, Casares F. The effects of Hh morphogen source movement on signaling dynamics. Development 2022; 149:285865. [PMID: 36355083 PMCID: PMC10114110 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Morphogens of the Hh family trigger gene expression changes in receiving cells in a concentration-dependent manner to regulate their identity, proliferation, death or metabolism, depending on the tissue or organ. This variety of responses relies on a conserved signaling pathway. Its logic includes a negative-feedback loop involving the Hh receptor Ptc. Here, using experiments and computational models we study and compare the different spatial signaling profiles downstream of Hh in several developing Drosophila organs. We show that the spatial distributions of Ptc and the activator transcription factor CiA in wing, antenna and ocellus show similar features, but are markedly different from that in the compound eye. We propose that these two profile types represent two time points along the signaling dynamics, and that the interplay between the spatial displacement of the Hh source in the compound eye and the negative-feedback loop maintains the receiving cells effectively in an earlier stage of signaling. These results show how the interaction between spatial and temporal dynamics of signaling and differentiation processes may contribute to the informational versatility of the conserved Hh signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Míguez
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada (IFIMAC), Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Iannini
- Gene Expression and Morphogenesis Department, CABD (Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology), CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucia, Campus UPO, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Diana García-Morales
- Gene Expression and Morphogenesis Department, CABD (Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology), CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucia, Campus UPO, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Casares
- Gene Expression and Morphogenesis Department, CABD (Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology), CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucia, Campus UPO, 41013 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The primary cilium is a solitary, sensory organelle that extends from the surface of nearly every vertebrate cell, including craniofacial cells. This organelle converts chemical and physical external stimuli into intracellular signaling cascades and mediates several well-known signaling pathways simultaneously. Thus, the primary cilium is considered a cellular signaling nexus and amplifier. Primary cilia dysfunction directly results in a collection of diseases and syndromes that typically affect multiple organ systems, including the face and teeth. Despite this direct connection, primary cilia are largely unexplored in craniofacial research. In this review, I briefly summarize craniofacial abnormalities tied to the primary cilium and examine the existing information on primary cilia in craniofacial development and repair. I close with a discussion on preliminary studies that motivate future areas of exploration that are further supported by studies performed in long bone and kidney cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Moore
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Y, Zhang M, Wei Q, Chen Z, Xing G, Yao J, Cao X. Disruption of Gprasp2 down-regulates Hedgehog signaling and leads to apoptosis in auditory cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 574:1-7. [PMID: 34418635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GPRASP2 is implicated in nervous system diseases, tumors and immune inflammation. In our previous study, G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein 2 (GPRASP2) was identified as a novel causal gene for X-linked recessive syndromic hearing loss (SHL). However, the role of GPRASP2 in auditory function has not been elucidated. The Gprasp2-knockout (KO) mouse HEI-OC1 auditory cells were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-enriched signaling pathways, which was verified by Western blot. Flow cytometry assay was used to examine cell apoptosis. The cytological pathology was evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial damage was observed in Gprasp2-KO HEI-OC1 cells. RNA-seq analysis suggested that Gprasp2-KO was implicated in the apoptosis process, which could be mediated by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The key molecules in Hh signaling pathway (Smo, Gli1, Gli2) were detected to be down-regulated in Gprasp2-KO HEI-OC1 cells. The differential expression of apoptosis molecules (Bcl2, Bax, Caspase-3/cleaved-Caspase-3) indicated that Gprasp2-KO induced apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. The treatment of smoothened agonist (Purmorphamine, PUR) activated the Hh-Gli signaling pathway and reduced apoptosis in Gprasp2-KO HEI-OC1 cells. This study revealed that Gprasp2-disruption inhibited Hh signaling pathway and led to cell apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells, which might provide the potential molecular mechanism of GPRASP2 mutation associated with human SHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangqian Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarvari P, Rasouli SJ, Allanki S, Stone OA, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Stainier DYR. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rbx1 regulates cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 480:1-12. [PMID: 34363825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac trabeculae are muscular ridge-like structures within the ventricular wall that are crucial for cardiac function. In zebrafish, these structures first form primarily through the delamination of compact wall cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although defects in proteasomal degradation have been associated with decreased cardiac function, whether they also affect cardiac development has not been extensively analyzed. Here we report a role during cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish for the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rbx1, which has been shown to regulate the degradation of key signaling molecules. Although development is largely unperturbed in zebrafish rbx1 mutant larvae, they exhibit CM multi-layering. This phenotype is not affected by blocking ErbB signaling, but fails to manifest itself in the absence of blood flow/cardiac contractility. Surprisingly, rbx1 mutants display ErbB independent Notch reporter expression in the myocardium. We generated tissue-specific rbx1 overexpression lines and found that endothelial, but not myocardial, specific rbx1 expression normalizes the cardiac wall morphogenesis phenotype. In addition, we found that pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling ameliorates the multi-layered myocardial wall phenotype in rbx1 mutants. Collectively, our data indicate that endocardial activity of Rbx1 is essential for cardiac wall morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Sarvari
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Srinivas Allanki
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Oliver A Stone
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Anna M Sokol
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li N, Hu P, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang S, Shi Y, Huang Z, Lin C, Zhang Y, Cong W, Xiao J, Liu C. Tissue interactions are indispensable for cavity formation and disc separation in the temporomandibular joint. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:351-358. [PMID: 31875727 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1709452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous study found that in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mouse embryo, the morphogenesis of glenoid fossa was interrupted by the dislocated condyle. This observation suggested that the formation of the glenoid fossa required tissue interactions with condylar mesenchyme. The purpose of this study was to clarify if the interactions between other components are essential for TMJ morphogenesis.Materials and methods: We examined the gross morphology, histology, cell proliferation, and gene expression in the developing TMJ of K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mice by whole-mount bone and cartilage staining, Azon staining, BrdU labeling, and in situ hybridization, respectively.Results: In K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mice, the zygomatic arch was misconnected to the mandibular bone by ectopic bone formation, which disrupted the attachment of temporalis to the mandibular bone and joint capsule formation. Although the initiation and differentiation of the condylar cartilage were slightly impacted, the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f TMJ lacked joint cavities and separated disc, suggesting that the tissue interactions between the joint capsule and the TMJ were indispensable for the cavity formation and disc separation. The ectopic activation of Gli2 in the cells occupying the cavities, and the enhanced PTHrP transcription in the condylar perichondrium of the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f TMJ suggested that the disrupted interactions between the joint capsule and the TMJ impaired cavity formation and disc separation by altering Hh signaling.Conclusion: Joint capsule formation was essential for cavity formation and disc separation during TMJ development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiding Shi
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamada Y, Nihara J, Trakanant S, Kudo T, Seo K, Iida I, Izumi K, Kurose M, Shimomura Y, Terunuma M, Maeda T, Ohazama A. Perivascular Hedgehog responsive cells play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration via controlling angiogenesis. Neurosci Res 2021:S0168-0102(21)00144-9. [PMID: 34174368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hh signaling has been shown to be activated in intact and injured peripheral nerve. However, the role of Hh signaling in peripheral nerve is not fully understood. In the present study, we observed that Hh signaling responsive cells [Gli1(+) cells] in both the perineurium and endoneurium. In the endoneurium, Gli1(+) cells were classified as blood vessel associated or non-associated. After injury, Gli1(+) cells around blood vessels mainly proliferated to then accumulate into the injury site along with endothelial cells. Hh signaling activity was retained in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration. To understand the role of Hedgehog signaling in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration, we examined mice with Gli1(+) cells-specific inactivation of Hh signaling (Smo cKO). After injury, Smo cKO mice showed significantly reduced numbers of accumulated Gli1(+) cells along with disorganized vascularization at an early stage of nerve regeneration, which subsequently led to an abnormal extension of the axon. Thus, Hh signaling in Gli1(+) cells appears to be involved in nerve regeneration through controlling new blood vessel formation at an early stage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaushal JB, Bhatia R, Kanchan RK, Raut P, Mallapragada S, Ly QP, Batra SK, Rachagani S. Repurposing Niclosamide for Targeting Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Hh/Gli Non-Canonical Axis of Gsk3β. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3105. [PMID: 34206370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current obstacles for discovering new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the identification of new uses for approved or investigational drugs for new therapeutic purposes. Niclosamide (Nic) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-helminthic drug, reported to have anti-cancer effects, and is being assessed in various clinical trials. In the current study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of Nic on pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro. Our results revealed mitochondrial stress and mTORC1-dependent autophagy as the predominant players of Nic-induced PC cell death. This study provided a novel mechanistic insight for anti-cancer efficacy of Nic by increasing p-Gsk3β that modulates molecular signaling(s), including inhibition of hedgehog (Hh) signaling-mediated cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis through mTORC1-dependent autophagy may prove helpful for the development of novel PC therapies. Abstract Niclosamide (Nic), an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug, is reported to have anti-cancer efficacy and is being assessed in clinical trials for various solid tumors. Based on its ability to target multiple signaling pathways, in the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Nic on pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro. We observed an anti-cancerous effect of this drug as shown by the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, inhibition of PC cell viability, colony formation, and migration. Our results revealed the involvement of mitochondrial stress and mTORC1-dependent autophagy as the predominant players of Nic-induced PC cell death. Significant reduction of Nic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in the presence of a selective autophagy inhibitor spautin-1 demonstrated autophagy as a major contributor to Nic-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, Nic inhibited the interaction between BCL2 and Beclin-1 that supported the crosstalk of autophagy and apoptosis. Further, Nic treatment resulted in Gsk3β inactivation by phosphorylating its Ser-9 residue leading to upregulation of Sufu and Gli3, thereby negatively impacting hedgehog signaling and cell survival. Nic induced autophagic cell death, and p-Gsk3b mediated Sufu/Gli3 cascade was further confirmed by Gsk3β activator, LY-294002, by rescuing inactivation of Hh signaling upon Nic treatment. These results suggested the involvement of a non-canonical mechanism of Hh signaling, where p-Gsk3β acts as a negative regulator of Hh/Gli1 cascade and a positive regulator of autophagy-mediated cell death. Overall, this study established the therapeutic efficacy of Nic for PC by targeting p-Gsk3β mediated non-canonical Hh signaling and promoting mTORC1-dependent autophagy and cell death.
Collapse
|
11
|
Du J, Jing J, Yuan Y, Feng J, Han X, Chen S, Li X, Peng W, Xu J, Ho TV, Jiang X, Chai Y. Arid1a-Plagl1- Hh signaling is indispensable for differentiation-associated cell cycle arrest of tooth root progenitors. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108964. [PMID: 33826897 PMCID: PMC8132592 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers often show broad expression patterns in multiple cell types yet can elicit cell-specific effects in development and diseases. Arid1a binds DNA and regulates gene expression during tissue development and homeostasis. However, it is unclear how Arid1a achieves its functional specificity in regulating progenitor cells. Using the tooth root as a model, we show that loss of Arid1a impairs the differentiation-associated cell cycle arrest of tooth root progenitors through Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulation, leading to shortened roots. Our data suggest that Plagl1, as a co-factor, endows Arid1a with its cell-type/spatial functional specificity. Furthermore, we show that loss of Arid1a leads to increased expression of Arid1b, which is also indispensable for odontoblast differentiation but is not involved in regulation of Hh signaling. This study expands our knowledge of the intricate interactions among chromatin remodelers, transcription factors, and signaling molecules during progenitor cell fate determination and lineage commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Du
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xia Han
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Trakanant S, Nihara J, Nagai T, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Ishida Y, Meguro F, Kudo T, Yamada A, Maeda T, Saito I, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs regulate distal region of mandibular development through Hh signaling. J Anat 2021; 238:711-719. [PMID: 33011977 PMCID: PMC7855062 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular anomalies are often seen in various congenital diseases, indicating that mandibular development is under strict molecular control. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in mandibular development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating the level of gene expression. We found that the mesenchymal conditional deletion of miRNAs arising from a lack of Dicer (an essential molecule for miRNA processing, Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre), led to an abnormal groove formation at the distal end of developing mandibles. At E10.5, when the region forms, inhibitors of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Hhip1 showed increased expression at the region in Dicer mutant mandibles, while Gli1 (a major mediator of Hh signaling) was significantly downregulated in mutant mandibles. These suggest that Hh signaling was downregulated at the distal end of Dicer mutant mandibles by increased inhibitors. To understand whether the abnormal groove formation inDicer mutant mandibles was caused by the downregulation of Hh signaling, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of Hh signaling activity arising from a lack of Smo (an essential molecule for Hh signaling activation, Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) were examined. Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed a similar phenotype in the distal region of their mandibles to those in Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. We also found that approximately 400 miRNAs were expressed in wild-type mandibular mesenchymes at E10.5, and six microRNAs were identified as miRNAs with binding potential against both Ptch1 and Hhip1. Their expressions at the distal end of the mandible were confirmed by in situ hybridization. This indicates that microRNAs regulate the distal part of mandibular formation at an early stage of development by involving Hh signaling activity through controlling its inhibitor expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takehisa Kudo
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moore ER, Mathews OA, Yao Y, Yang Y. Prx1-expressing cells contributing to fracture repair require primary cilia for complete healing in mice. Bone 2021; 143:115738. [PMID: 33188955 PMCID: PMC7769995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that is continuously modified during development, load-induced adaptation, and fracture repair. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms for natural fracture healing can lead to therapeutics that enhance the quality of newly formed tissue, advance the rate of healing, or replace the need for invasive surgical procedures. Prx1-expressing cells in the periosteum are thought to supply the majority of osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the fracture callus, but the exact mechanisms for this behavior are unknown. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that is known to mediate several signaling pathways involved in fracture healing and required for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to juvenile bone development and adult load-induced bone formation. We therefore investigated the role of Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia in fracture repair by developing a mouse model that enabled us to simultaneously track Prx1 lineage cell fate and disrupt Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia in vivo. The cilium KO mice exhibited abnormally large calluses with significantly decreased bone formation and persistent cartilage nodules. Analysis of mRNA expression in the early soft callus revealed downregulation of osteogenesis, Hh signaling, and Wnt signaling, and upregulation of chondrogenesis and angiogenesis. The mutant mice also exhibited decreased Osx and Periostin but increased αSMA and PECAM-1 protein expression in the hard callus. We further used a Gli1LacZ reporter and found that Hh signaling was significantly upregulated in the mutant callus at later stages of healing. Interestingly, altered protein expression and Hh signaling did not correlate with labeled Prx1-lineage cells, suggesting loss of cilia altered Hh signaling non-autonomously. Overall, cilium KO mice demonstrated severely delayed and incomplete fracture healing, and our findings suggest Prx1-expressing cell primary cilia are necessary to tune Hh signaling for proper fracture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O Amandhi Mathews
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Yichen Yao
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali S, Arif I, Iqbal A, Hussain I, Abrar M, Khan MR, Shubin N, Abbasi AA. Comparative genomic analysis of human GLI2 locus using slowly evolving fish revealed the ancestral gnathostome set of early developmental enhancers. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:669-683. [PMID: 33381902 PMCID: PMC9292287 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The zinc finger‐containing transcription factor Gli2, is a key mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and participates in embryonic patterning of various organs including the central nervous system (CNS) and limbs. Abnormal expression of Gli2 can impede the transcription of Hh target genes through disruption of proper balance between Gli2 and Gli3 functions. Therefore, delineation of enhancers that are required for complementary roles of Glis would allow the interrogation of those pathogenic variants that cause gene dysregulation, and a corresponding abnormal phenotype. Previously, we reported tissue‐specific enhancers for Gli family including Gli2 through direct tetrapod‐teleost comparisons. Results Here, we employed the sequence alignments of slowly evolving spotted gar and elephant shark and have identified six novel conserved noncoding elements in human GLI2 containing locus. Zebrafish‐based transgenic assays revealed that combined action of these autonomous CNEs reflects many aspects of Gli2 specific endogenous transcriptional activity, including CNS and pectoral fins. Conclusion Taken together with our previous findings, this study suggests that Hh‐signaling controlled deployment of Gli2 activity in embryonic patterning arose in the common ancestor of gnathostomes. These GLI2 specific cis‐regulatory modules will help to identify DNA variants that probably reside outside of coding intervals and are associated with congenital anomalies. We performed a phylogenetic footprint analyses of human GLI2 containing locus by incorporating relatively slowly evolving gar and elephant shark genomes and have identified multiple novel conserved non‐coding elements (CNEs) that were not predicted by direct human‐teleostcomparisons. Comparative analyses suggest that majority of the GLI2 associated CNEs identified in the present data and reported previously arose in the common ancestor of gnathostomes but lost in teleosts, presumably because of fast teleost sequence evolution. Functional testing of GLI2 associated CNEs by employing zebrafish based transgenic reporter assays revealed their tissue specific cis‐regulatory potential that corresponds with the results based on whole‐mount in situ hybridization analysis of gli2 mRNA in zebrafish. The delineated set of GLI2 associated enhancers can be further interrogated to determine their role in canonical Hh signaling, gene dysregulation, and a corresponding congenital anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Arif
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hussain
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Neil Shubin
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amir Ali Abbasi
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Program of Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Yang Y, Liao Z, Liu Q, Lei X, Li M, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Hong D, Zhu M, Li B, Yang H, Chen J. Genetic and pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis and attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Theranostics 2020; 10:6638-6660. [PMID: 32550895 PMCID: PMC7295048 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is a common long-term complication of total joint arthroplasty, and represents the major cause of aseptic loosening and subsequent implant failure. Previous studies have identified the central role of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the pathogenesis of PPO. Thus, therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity are considered to be of great potential to prevent and treat this osteolytic disease. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to play an important role in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. While Hh signaling is also implicated in regulating osteoclastogenesis, whether it can directly inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption remains controversial. Moreover, its potential therapeutic effects on PPO have never been assessed. In this study, we explored the cell-autonomous role of Hh signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential in preventing wear particle-induced osteolysis. Methods: Hh signaling was activated in macrophages by genetically ablating Sufu in these cells using LysM-Cre or by treating them with purmorphamine (PM), a pharmacological activator of Smoothened (Smo). In vitro cell-autonomous effects of Hh pathway activation on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity were evaluated by TRAP staining, phalloidin staining, qPCR analyses, and bone resorption assays. In vivo evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy against PPO was performed in a murine calvarial model of titanium particle-induced osteolysis by μCT and histological analyses. Mechanistic details were explored in RANKL-treated macrophages through Western blot analyses. Results: We found that Sufu deletion or PM treatment potently activated Hh signaling in macrophages, and strongly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ osteoclast production, F-actin ring formation, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and osteoclast activity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Sufu deletion or PM administration significantly attenuated titanium particle-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in vivo. Our mechanistic study revealed that activation of Hh signaling suppressed RANKL-induced activation of JNK pathway and downregulated protein levels of two key osteoclastic transcriptional factors, c-Fos and its downstream target NFATc1. Conclusions: Both genetic and pharmacological activation of Hh signaling can cell-autonomously inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity in vitro and protect against titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, Hh signaling hinders osteoclastogenesis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Thus, Hh signaling may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of PPO and other osteolytic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zirui Liao
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xinhuan Lei
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dun Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang R, Cheng L, Yang X, Chen X, Miao Y, Qiu Y, Zhou Z. Histone methyltransferase SUV39H2 regulates cell growth and chemosensitivity in glioma via regulation of hedgehog signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:269. [PMID: 31636512 PMCID: PMC6794832 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma is one of the essentially incurable tumors with chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. As a histone methyltransferase, SUV39H2 can trimethylate H3K9. SUV39H2 is highly expressed in many types of human tumors, while the function of SUV39H2 in the development and progression of glioma has never been elucidated. Methods RT-qPCR and IHC were used to test SUV39H2 levels in glioma tissues and paired normal tissues. The clinical relevance of SUV39H2 in glioma was analyzed in a public database. Colony formation assays, CCK-8 assays, and flow cytometry were conducted to explore the role of SUV39H2 in the growth of glioma cells in vitro. A cell line-derived xenograft model was applied to explore SUV39H2’s role in U251 cell proliferation in vivo. Sphere formation assays, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and IF were conducted to illustrate the role of SUV39H2 in the stemness and chemosensitivity of glioma. Luciferase reporter assays and WB were applied to determine the function of SUV39H2 in Hh signaling. Results SUV39H2 was highly expressed in glioma tissues relative to normal tissues. SUV39H2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and stemness and promoted the chemosensitivity of glioma cells in vitro. In addition, SUV39H2 knockdown also significantly inhibited glioma cell growth in vivo. Moreover, we further uncovered that SUV39H2 regulated hedgehog signaling by repressing HHIP expression. Conclusions Our findings delineate the role of SUV39H2 in glioma cell growth and chemosensitivity as a pivotal regulator of the hedgehog signaling pathway and may support SUV39H2 as a potential target for diagnosis and therapy in glioma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bajpai A, Sinha P. Hh signaling from de novo organizers drive lgl neoplasia in Drosophila epithelium. Dev Biol 2019; 457:1-8. [PMID: 31557471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen regulates growth and patterning. Since Hh signaling is also implicated in carcinogenesis, it is conceivable that de novo Hh-secreting organizers, if formed in association with oncogenic hit could be tumor-cooperative. Here we validate this hypothesis using the Drosophila model of cooperative epithelial carcinogenesis. We generate somatic clones with simultaneous loss of tumor suppressor, Lgl, and gain of the posterior compartment selector, Engrailed (En), known to induce synthesis of Hh. We show that lgl UAS-en clones in the anterior wing compartment trigger Hh signaling cascade via cross-talk with their Ci-expressing wild type cell neighbors. Hh-Dpp signaling from clone boundaries of such ectopically formed de novo organizers in turn drive lgl carcinogenesis. By contrast, Ci-expressing lgl clones transform by autocrine and/or juxtracine activation of Hh signaling in only the posterior compartment. We further show that sequestration of the Hh ligand or loss of Dpp receptor, Tkv, in these Hh-sending or -receiving lgl clones arrested their carcinogenesis. Our results therefore reveal a hitherto unrecognized mechanism of tumor cooperation by developmental organizers, which are induced fortuitously by oncogenic hits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India.
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grinblat Y, Lipinski RJ. A forebrain undivided: Unleashing model organisms to solve the mysteries of holoprosencephaly. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:626-633. [PMID: 30993762 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary conservation and experimental tractability have made animal model systems invaluable tools in our quest to understand human embryogenesis, both normal and abnormal. Standard genetic approaches, particularly useful in understanding monogenic diseases, are no longer sufficient as research attention shifts toward multifactorial outcomes. Here, we examine this progression through the lens of holoprosencephaly (HPE), a common human malformation involving incomplete forebrain division, and a classic example of an etiologically complex outcome. We relate the basic underpinning of HPE pathogenesis to critical cell-cell interactions and signaling molecules discovered through embryological and genetic approaches in multiple model organisms, and discuss the role of the mouse model in functional examination of HPE-linked genes. We then outline the most critical remaining gaps to understanding human HPE, including the conundrum of incomplete penetrance/expressivity and the role of gene-environment interactions. To tackle these challenges, we outline a strategy that leverages new and emerging technologies in multiple model systems to solve the puzzle of HPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Impaired osteoblast differentiation may result in bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. It was reported recently that hedgehog (Hh) signaling and autophagy are two important regulators of bone differentiation. In order to further dissect their relationship in bone development, we used a zebrafish larvae model to investigate how disruption of one of these signals affects the function of the other and impacts osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that activation of Hh signaling negatively regulated autophagy. However, suppression of autophagy by knocking down atg5 expression did not alter Hh signaling, but dramatically upregulated the expression of osteoblast-related genes and increased bone mineralization, especially in the den region. On the contrary, inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway by cyclopamine treatment suppressed the expression of osteoblast-related genes and decreased bone mineralization. In agreement with these findings, blocking Hh signaling through knockdown SHH and Gli2 genes led to defective osteoblast differentiation, while promoting Hh signaling by knockdown Ptch1 was beneficial to osteoblast differentiation. Our results thus support that activation of the Hh signaling pathway negatively regulates autophagy and consequentially promotes osteoblast differentiation. On the contrary, induction of autophagy inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Our work reveals the mechanism underlying Hh signaling pathway regulation of bone development. Summary: Our report of an essential regulation role of hedgehog signaling and autophagy on osteoblast differentiation may contribute to research on bone development biology, hedgehog signaling and the autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuwahara ST, Serowoky MA, Vakhshori V, Tripuraneni N, Hegde NV, Lieberman JR, Crump JG, Mariani FV. Sox9+ messenger cells orchestrate large-scale skeletal regeneration in the mammalian rib. eLife 2019; 8:40715. [PMID: 30983567 PMCID: PMC6464605 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most bones in mammals display a limited capacity for natural large-scale repair. The ribs are a notable exception, yet the source of their remarkable regenerative ability remains unknown. Here, we identify a Sox9-expressing periosteal subpopulation that orchestrates large-scale regeneration of murine rib bones. Deletion of the obligate Hedgehog co-receptor, Smoothened, in Sox9-expressing cells prior to injury results in a near-complete loss of callus formation and rib bone regeneration. In contrast to its role in development, Hedgehog signaling is dispensable for the proliferative expansion of callus cells in response to injury. Instead, Sox9-positive lineage cells require Hh signaling to stimulate neighboring cells to differentiate via an unknown signal into a skeletal cell type with dual chondrocyte/osteoblast properties. This type of callus cell may be critical for bridging large bone injuries. Thus despite contributing to only a subset of callus cells, Sox9-positive progenitors play a major role in orchestrating large-scale bone regeneration. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Kuwahara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Maxwell A Serowoky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nikita Tripuraneni
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Neel V Hegde
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Zeng H, Liu A. Distinct Activities of Gli1 and Gli2 in the Absence of Ift88 and the Primary Cilia. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7010005. [PMID: 30791390 PMCID: PMC6473256 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilia play essential roles in Hh-dependent Gli2 activation and Gli3 proteolytic processing in mammals. However, the roles of the cilia in Gli1 activation remain unresolved due to the loss of Gli1 transcription in cilia mutant embryos, and the inability to address this question by overexpression in cultured cells. Here, we address the roles of the cilia in Gli1 activation by expressing Gli1 from the Gli2 locus in mouse embryos. We find that the maximal activation of Gli1 depends on the cilia, but partial activation of Gli1 by Smo-mediated Hh signaling exists in the absence of the cilia. Combined with reduced Gli3 repressors, this partial activation of Gli1 leads to dorsal expansion of V3 interneuron and motor neuron domains in the absence of the cilia. Moreover, expressing Gli1 from the Gli2 locus in the presence of reduced Sufu has no recognizable impact on neural tube patterning, suggesting an imbalance between the dosages of Gli and Sufu does not explain the extra Gli1 activity. Finally, a non-ciliary Gli2 variant present at a higher level than Gli1 when expressed from the Gli2 locus fails to activate Hh pathway ectopically in the absence of the cilia, suggesting that increased protein level is unlikely the major factor underlying the ectopic activation of Hh signaling by Gli1 in the absence of the cilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Huiqing Zeng
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cong P, Yi C, Wang XY. Expression of Smo in pancreatic cancer CD44 +CD24 +cells and construction of a lentiviral expression vector to silence Smo. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4855-4862. [PMID: 30250551 PMCID: PMC6144425 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the roles of members of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in the maintenance of malignant biological characteristics, such as tumorigenesis, similar to that of pancreatic tumor cells. Cluster of differentiation (CD)44+CD24+/CD44−CD24− cells were isolated from three different pancreatic cancer cell lines by flow cytometry. Among the three pancreatic cancer cell lines, the SW1990 cell line exhibited the highest percentage of CD44+CD24+ cells, which accounted for 39.9% of the total. The expression of members of the Hh signaling pathway in CD44+CD24+/CD44−CD24− cells was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that members of the Hh signaling pathway were differentially expressed in CD44+CD24+ cells compared with CD44−CD24−, normal pancreatic duct cells and unsorted SW1990 cells. In addition, lentiviral expression vectors expressing Smoothened (Smo) small interfering RNA (siRNA) were constructed. Following transfection with the lentiviral expression vectors, Smo expression was markedly reduced in CD44+CD24+ cells. The present study represents a preliminary investigation into the biological characteristics of CD44+CD24+ pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cong
- Department of Laparoscopic and Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yi
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sedykh I, Keller AN, Yoon B, Roberson L, Moskvin OV, Grinblat Y. Zebrafish Rfx4 controls dorsal and ventral midline formation in the neural tube. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:650-659. [PMID: 29243319 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rfx winged-helix transcription factors, best known as key regulators of core ciliogenesis, also play ciliogenesis-independent roles during neural development. Mammalian Rfx4 controls neural tube morphogenesis via both mechanisms. RESULTS We set out to identify conserved aspects of rfx4 gene function during vertebrate development and to establish a new genetic model in which to analyze these mechanisms further. To this end, we have generated frame-shift alleles in the zebrafish rfx4 locus using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. Using RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis, in situ hybridization and immunostaining we identified a requirement for zebrafish rfx4 in the forming midlines of the caudal neural tube. These functions are mediated, least in part, through transcriptional regulation of several zic genes in the dorsal hindbrain and of foxa2 in the ventral hindbrain and spinal cord (floor plate). CONCLUSIONS The midline patterning functions of rfx4 are conserved, because rfx4 regulates transcription of foxa2 and zic2 in zebrafish and in mouse. In contrast, zebrafish rfx4 function is dispensable for forebrain morphogenesis, while mouse rfx4 is required for normal formation of forebrain ventricles in a ciliogenesis-dependent manner. Collectively, this report identifies conserved aspects of rfx4 function and establishes a robust new genetic model for in-depth dissection of these mechanisms. Developmental Dynamics 247:650-659, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sedykh
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Zoology Ph.D. Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Abigail N Keller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Baul Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura Roberson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg V Moskvin
- Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang H, Xia Y, Yao Y, Mak AFT, Yung PSH, Chan KM, Wang L, Zhang C, Huang Y, Mak KKL. Osteocalcin expressing cells from tendon sheaths in mice contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29244023 PMCID: PMC5731821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both extrinsic and intrinsic tissues contribute to tendon repair, but the origin and molecular functions of extrinsic tissues in tendon repair are not fully understood. Here we show that tendon sheath cells harbor stem/progenitor cell properties and contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. We found that Osteocalcin (Bglap) can be used as an adult tendon-sheath-specific marker in mice. Lineage tracing experiments show that Bglap-expressing cells in adult sheath tissues possess clonogenic and multipotent properties comparable to those of stem/progenitor cells isolated from tendon fibers. Transplantation of sheath tissues improves tendon repair. Mechanistically, Hh signaling in sheath tissues is necessary and sufficient to promote the proliferation of Mkx-expressing cells in sheath tissues, and its action is mediated through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, co-localization of GLI1+ and MKX+ cells is also found in human tendinopathy specimens. Our work reveals the molecular function of Hh signaling in extrinsic sheath tissues for tendon repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Zhang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Huihui Huang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Xia
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - YiFei Yao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur Fuk-Tat Mak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Huang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kingston King-Lun Mak
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. A critical step in Hh signal transduction is how Hh receptor Patched (Ptc) inhibits the atypical G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (Smo) in the absence of Hh and how this inhibition is release by Hh stimulation. It is unlikely that Ptc inhibits Smo by direct interaction. Here we discuss how Hh regulates the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Smo, leading to cell surface and ciliary accumulation of Smo in Drosophila and vertebrate cells, respectively. In addition, we discuss how PI(4)P phospholipid acts in between Ptc and Smo to regulate Smo phosphorylation and activation in response to Hh stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han H, Pan C, Liu C, Lv X, Yang X, Xiong Y, Lu Y, Wu W, Han J, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Gut-neuron interaction via Hh signaling regulates intestinal progenitor cell differentiation in Drosophila. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15006. [PMID: 27462407 PMCID: PMC4860846 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their progenies. A complex autonomic nervous system spreads over posterior intestine. However, whether and how neurons regulate posterior intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. Here we report that neurons regulate Drosophila posterior intestinal homeostasis. Specifically, downregulation of neuronal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling inhibits the differentiation of ISCs toward enterocytes (ECs), whereas upregulated neuronal Hh signaling promotes such process. We demonstrate that, among multiple sources of Hh ligand, those secreted by ECs induces similar phenotypes as does neuronal Hh. In addition, intestinal JAK/STAT signaling responds to activated neuronal Hh signaling, suggesting that JAK/STAT signaling acts downstream of neuronal Hh signaling in intestine. Collectively, our results indicate that neuronal Hh signaling is essential for the determination of ISC fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Junhai Han
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanhghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar V, Mondal G, Slavik P, Rachagani S, Batra SK, Mahato RI. Codelivery of small molecule hedgehog inhibitor and miRNA for treating pancreatic cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1289-98. [PMID: 25679326 DOI: 10.1021/mp500847s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenge due to the desmoplastic microenvironment that promotes both tumor growth and metastasis and forms a barrier to chemotherapy. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is implicated in initiation and progression of PDAC and also contributes to desmoplasia. While Hh levels are increased in pancreatic cancer cells, levels of tumor suppressor miR-let7b, which targets several genes involved in PDAC pathogenesis, is downregulated. Therefore, our overall objective was to inhibit Hh pathway and restore miR-let7b simultaneously for synergistically treating PDAC. miR-let7b and Hh inhibitor GDC-0449 could inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells (Capan-1, HPAF-II, T3M4, and MIA PaCa-2), and there was synergistic effect when miR-let7b and GDC-0449 were coformulated into micelles using methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl- 2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-tetraethylene-pentamine) (mPEG-b-PCC-g-DC-g-TEPA). This copolymer self-assembled into micelles of <100 nm and encapsulated hydrophobic GDC-0449 into its core with 5% w/w drug loading and allowed complex formation between miR-let7b and its cationic pendant chains. Complete polyplex formation with miRNA was observed at the N/P ratio of 16/1. Almost 80% of GDC-0449 was released from the polyplex in a sustained manner in 2 days. miRNA in the micelle formulation was stable for up to 24 h in the presence of serum and high uptake efficiency was achieved with low cytotoxicity. This combination therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth when injected to athymic nude mice bearing ectopic tumor generated using MIA PaCa-2 cells compared to micelles carrying GDC-0449 or miR-let7b alone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased tumor cell proliferation with increased apoptosis in the animals treated with miR-let7b and GDC-0449 combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Goutam Mondal
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Paige Slavik
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Satyanarayna Rachagani
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ram I Mahato
- †Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin C, Yao E, Wang K, Nozawa Y, Shimizu H, Johnson JR, Chen JN, Krogan NJ, Chuang PT. Regulation of Sufu activity by p66β and Mycbp provides new insight into vertebrate Hedgehog signaling. Genes Dev 2015; 28:2547-63. [PMID: 25403183 PMCID: PMC4233246 DOI: 10.1101/gad.249425.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Control of Gli function by Sufu, a major negative regulator, is a key step in mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Lin et al. identified several Sufu-interacting proteins, including p66β and Mycbp. Sufu recruits p66β to block Gli-mediated Hh target gene expression. Meanwhile, Mycbp forms a complex with Gli and Sufu without Hh stimulation but remains inactive. Hh pathway activation leads to dissociation of Sufu/p66β from Gli, enabling Mycbp to promote Gli protein activity and Hh target gene expression. Control of Gli function by Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), a major negative regulator, is a key step in mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, but how this is achieved in the nucleus is unknown. We found that Hh signaling results in reduced Sufu protein levels and Sufu dissociation from Gli proteins in the nucleus, highlighting critical functions of Sufu in the nucleus. Through a proteomic approach, we identified several Sufu-interacting proteins, including p66β (a member of the NuRD [nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase] repressor complex) and Mycbp (a Myc-binding protein). p66β negatively and Mycbp positively regulate Hh signaling in cell-based assays and zebrafish. They function downstream from the membrane receptors, Patched and Smoothened, and the primary cilium. Sufu, p66β, Mycbp, and Gli are also detected on the promoters of Hh targets in a dynamic manner. Our results support a new model of Hh signaling in the nucleus. Sufu recruits p66β to block Gli-mediated Hh target gene expression. Meanwhile, Mycbp forms a complex with Gli and Sufu without Hh stimulation but remains inactive. Hh pathway activation leads to dissociation of Sufu/p66β from Gli, enabling Mycbp to promote Gli protein activity and Hh target gene expression. These studies provide novel insight into how Sufu controls Hh signaling in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yoko Nozawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Hirohito Shimizu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA;
| |
Collapse
|