1
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Saumweber E, Mzoughi S, Khadra A, Werberger A, Schumann S, Guccione E, Schmeisser MJ, Kühl SJ. Prdm15 acts upstream of Wnt4 signaling in anterior neural development of Xenopus laevis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1316048. [PMID: 38444828 PMCID: PMC10912572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1316048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PRDM15 lead to a syndromic form of holoprosencephaly (HPE) known as the Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS). While a connection between PRDM15, a zinc finger transcription factor, and WNT/PCP signaling has been established, there is a critical need to delve deeper into their contributions to early development and GAMOS pathogenesis. We used the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis as the vertebrate model organism and observed that prdm15 was enriched in the tissues and organs affected in GAMOS. Furthermore, we generated a morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated prdm15 knockdown model showing that the depletion of Prdm15 leads to abnormal eye, head, and brain development, effectively recapitulating the anterior neural features in GAMOS. An analysis of the underlying molecular basis revealed a reduced expression of key genes associated with eye, head, and brain development. Notably, this reduction could be rescued by the introduction of wnt4 RNA, particularly during the induction of the respective tissues. Mechanistically, our data demonstrate that Prdm15 acts upstream of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt4 signaling during anterior neural development. Our findings describe severe ocular and anterior neural abnormalities upon Prdm15 depletion and elucidate the role of Prdm15 in canonical and non-canonical Wnt4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestine Saumweber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Center of OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New-York, NY, United States
| | - Arin Khadra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Werberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center of OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New-York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne J. Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Shah Y, Gandhi S. A Prospective Study of Comparison Between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) with Histopathological Diagnosis ( HPE) in Neck Masses. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1447-1453. [PMID: 37636617 PMCID: PMC10447841 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FNAC is easy to perform, is minimally invasive and is economical. It has better patient compliance and the cytological diagnosis can be made before any definitive treatment is planned. Materials and methods This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of a medical college having 100 cases in study. The statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value. Result On cytological examination, 94/100 were benign, 6 malignant or suspicious. On HPE, 92 were benign while 5 malignant from suspicious and malignant cases leaving 3 discordant cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value which was 71.4%, 98.9%, 83.3%,97.8% respectively in our case series. Conclusion FNAC is a safe, simple procedure. It gives a reliable pre-operative cytological diagnosis based on which surgical procedures or conservative management can be confidently executed. An attempt is made hereby to compare our results with worldwide documented literature. However pitfalls of this method should be kept in mind with careful observation and adequate clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesha Shah
- Department of ENT, SVP Hospital, NHL Municipal Medical College, Ashram Road, 380006, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Saurabh Gandhi
- Department of ENT, SVP Hospital, NHL Municipal Medical College, Ashram Road, 380006, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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3
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Mróz M, Malinowska-Pańczyk E, Bartoszek A, Kusznierewicz B. Comparative Study on Assisted Solvent Extraction Techniques for the Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104207. [PMID: 37241947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The plants in the Sideritis genus are postulated to exhibit several important medicinal properties due to their unique chemical composition. To isolate the targeted phytochemical compounds, the selection of a suitable extraction method is of primary importance. In this work, a comparative study on the phytochemical profiles of various Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica extracts has been carried out. An untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the metabolic differences between extracts obtained by conventional extraction and extractions assisted by microwaves, ultrasounds and high pressure. Additionally, the influence of extraction solvents on HPLC antioxidant profiles obtained following the derivatization of analytes with ABTS reagent was evaluated. A total of 102 metabolites have been putatively identified. The major secondary metabolites groups were classified as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylethanoid glycosides and phenolic acids. The main antioxidants in the extracts were isoscutellarein and hypolaetin derivatives as well as verbascoside and chlorogenic acid. The results showed that 70% ethanol was the most effective extractant for different classes of phytochemicals including antioxidants. In addition, extraction supported with microwaves, ultrasounds or high pressure improved the overall recovery of metabolites by about 3 times compared to the conventional extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Mróz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Nonkulovski D, Sofijanova A, Spasovska T, Gorjan M, Muaremoska-Kanzoska L, Arsov T. Semilobar Holoprosencephaly Caused by a Novel and De Novo ZIC2 Pathogenic Variant. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:71-76. [PMID: 37265970 PMCID: PMC10230831 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common embryonic forebrain developmental anomaly. It involves incomplete or absent division of the prosencephalon into two distinct cerebral hemispheres during the early stages of organogenesis. HPE is etiologically heterogeneous, and its clinical presentation is very variable. We report a case of a 7 month old female infant, diagnosed with non-syndromic semilobar holoprosencephaly, caused by a novel, de novo pathogenic variant in ZIC2 - one of the most commonly mutated genes in non-syndromic HPE coding for the ZIC2 transcription factor. The patient presented with microcephaly, mild facial dysmorphic features, central hypotonia and spasticity on all four extremities. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated the absence of septum pellucidum, semilobar fusion of the hemispheres and mega cisterna magna and brain MRI with confirmed the diagnosis of HPE. Early diagnosis and management are important for the prevention and treatment of complications associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nonkulovski
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - A Sofijanova
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - T Spasovska
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milanovski Gorjan
- Institute of Immunobiology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lj Muaremoska-Kanzoska
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - T Arsov
- Institute of Immunobiology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delchev in Shtip, Shtip, North Macedonia
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5
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Stoffels M, van der Burgt SME, Bronkhorst LH, Daelmans HEM, Peerdeman SM, Kusurkar RA. Learning in and across communities of practice: health professions education students' learning from boundary crossing. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022; 27:1423-1441. [PMID: 35819568 PMCID: PMC9274184 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Learning to adapt to new contexts is crucial in health professions education (HPE). Boundaries between and within contexts challenge continuity in students' learning processes. Little is known about how HPE students can make these "boundary experiences" productive for learning. We investigated how and what nursing students learn from boundary experiences while they are simultaneously growing into a community of practice (CoP). Using a boundary-crossing lens, experiences of discontinuity were identified in pre-placement and post-placement interviews and diary fragments with 14 nursing students during their placement in an academic hospital. We found that students experience discontinuity as a result of different approaches to nursing care and to learning, both between (academic and clinical) settings and within a setting. When students feel safe enough, they can convert boundary experiences into meaningful learning situations, such as critical discussions with staff. Successfully overcoming boundary experiences improves students' understanding of healthcare and professional development and helps them to develop a personal approach to learning. Students critically address boundary experiences when they are motivated to learn and when they perceive a violation of ethical standards but not when they are concerned that it will affect their assessment. Objects designed to bridge theory and practice can generate additional barriers. This study adds to the HPE literature by demonstrating the learning potential of boundaries and to the broader literature by showing how responses to boundary experiences are intertwined with the process of growing into a CoP. The findings can be used to design future boundary objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Stoffels
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 118, 1081 HZ, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc Amstel Academy, Institute for Education and Training, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie M E van der Burgt
- Teaching & Learning Centre (TLC) FdG, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Umc Location Amc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Larike H Bronkhorst
- Department of Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E M Daelmans
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 118, 1081 HZ, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Skills Training, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Peerdeman
- Teaching & Learning Centre (TLC) FdG, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Umc Location Amc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rashmi A Kusurkar
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 118, 1081 HZ, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Manethová M, Šteiner I. Hydrophilic polymer embolization as an iatrogenic complication of endovascular interventions - a new entity. Cesk Patol 2021; 57:40-43. [PMID: 33910347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic hydrophilic polymer embolization (HPE) is an underrecognised complication of endovascular procedures. In certain instances, HPE and related complications may lead to patiens death. Incidence of this phenomenon is not known. We evaluated retrospectively all autopsies of patients with a history of endovascular intervention performed by one pathology resident during a period of 8 months. There were 10 cases, which were examined histochemically and in polarized light. We detected HPE in 2 of the 10 cases. In both cases the involved organ were lungs. Hydrophilic polymer embolization is a potential and easy-to-miss complication of endovascular procedures. It must be considered during histological examination of autoptic material.
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7
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Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling plays a pivotal role in 2 different phases during brain development. Early SHH signaling derived from the prechordal plate (PrCP) triggers secondary Shh induction in the forebrain, which overlies the PrCP, and the induced SHH signaling, in turn, directs late neuronal differentiation of the forebrain. Consequently, Shh regulation in the PrCP is crucial for initiation of forebrain development. However, no enhancer that regulates prechordal Shh expression has yet been found. Here, we identified a prechordal enhancer, named SBE7, in the vicinity of a cluster of known forebrain enhancers for Shh This enhancer also directs Shh expression in the ventral midline of the forebrain, which receives the prechordal SHH signal. Thus, the identified enhancer acts not only for the initiation of Shh regulation in the PrCP but also for subsequent Shh induction in the forebrain. Indeed, removal of the enhancer from the mouse genome markedly down-regulated the expression of Shh in the rostral domains of the axial mesoderm and in the ventral midline of the forebrain and hypothalamus in the mouse embryo, and caused a craniofacial abnormality similar to human holoprosencephaly (HPE). These findings demonstrate that SHH signaling mediated by the newly identified enhancer is essential for development and growth of the ventral midline of the forebrain and hypothalamus. Understanding of the Shh regulation governed by this prechordal and brain enhancer provides an insight into the mechanism underlying craniofacial morphogenesis and the etiology of HPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sagai
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Information Resource Research Center, Association for Propagation of the Knowledge of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takanori Amano
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Next Generation Human Disease Model Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Akiteru Maeno
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan;
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
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8
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Yang GK, Mordhorst A, Maguire J, Janusz M, Gagnon J. Hydrophilic polymer embolization after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2019; 5:423-426. [PMID: 31660464 PMCID: PMC6806646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymer embolization is a rare complication after endovascular procedures that is currently underappreciated. Present understanding on this phenomenon relies on sparse case reports with histologic evidence of foreign polymers in end-organ tissue. Here, we report two deaths associated with hydrophilic polymer embolization after complex thoracic endovascular aortic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K. Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexa Mordhorst
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Janusz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joel Gagnon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Correspondence: Joel Gagnon, MD, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Rm 11115, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9
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9
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Tekendo-Ngongang C, Kruszka P, Martinez AF, Muenke M. Novel heterozygous variants in KMT2D associated with holoprosencephaly. Clin Genet 2019; 96:266-270. [PMID: 31282990 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D; OMIM 602113) encodes a histone methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation of the beta-globin and estrogen receptor as part of a large protein complex known as activating signal cointegrator-2-containing complex (ASCOM). Heterozygous germline mutations in the KMT2D gene are known to cause Kabuki syndrome (OMIM 147920), a developmental multisystem disorder. Neither holoprosencephaly nor other defects in human forebrain development have been previously associated with Kabuki syndrome. Here we report two patients diagnosed with alobar holoprosencephaly in their antenatal period with de novo monoallelic KMT2D variants identified by trio-based exome sequencing. The first patient was found to have a stop-gain variant c.12565G>T (p.Gly4189*), while the second patient had a missense variant c.5A>G (p.Asp2Gly). Phenotyping of each patient did not reveal any age-related feature of Kabuki syndrome. These two cases represent the first report on association between KMT2D and holoprosencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Grinblat Y, Lipinski RJ. A forebrain undivided: Unleashing model organisms to solve the mysteries of holoprosencephaly. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:626-633. [PMID: 30993762 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary conservation and experimental tractability have made animal model systems invaluable tools in our quest to understand human embryogenesis, both normal and abnormal. Standard genetic approaches, particularly useful in understanding monogenic diseases, are no longer sufficient as research attention shifts toward multifactorial outcomes. Here, we examine this progression through the lens of holoprosencephaly (HPE), a common human malformation involving incomplete forebrain division, and a classic example of an etiologically complex outcome. We relate the basic underpinning of HPE pathogenesis to critical cell-cell interactions and signaling molecules discovered through embryological and genetic approaches in multiple model organisms, and discuss the role of the mouse model in functional examination of HPE-linked genes. We then outline the most critical remaining gaps to understanding human HPE, including the conundrum of incomplete penetrance/expressivity and the role of gene-environment interactions. To tackle these challenges, we outline a strategy that leverages new and emerging technologies in multiple model systems to solve the puzzle of HPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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11
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Roessler E, Hu P, Marino J, Hong S, Hart R, Berger S, Martinez A, Abe Y, Kruszka P, Thomas JW, Mullikin JC, Wang Y, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Solomon BD, Richieri-Costa A, Ribeiro-Bicudo LA, Muenke M. Common genetic causes of holoprosencephaly are limited to a small set of evolutionarily conserved driver genes of midline development coordinated by TGF-β, hedgehog, and FGF signaling. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1416-1427. [PMID: 29992659 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we applied targeted capture to examine 153 genes representative of all the major vertebrate developmental pathways among 333 probands to rank their relative significance as causes for holoprosencephaly (HPE). We now show that comparisons of variant transmission versus nontransmission among 136 HPE Trios indicates some reported genes now lack confirmation, while novel genes are implicated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that variation of modest intrinsic effect can synergize with these driver mutations as gene modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sungkook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Hart
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth Berger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariel Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yu Abe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W Thomas
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | -
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia.,Presently the Managing Director, GeneDx, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Antônio Richieri-Costa
- Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Ribeiro-Bicudo
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Solomon BD, Retterer K, Juusola J. Holoprosencephaly: A clinical genomics perspective. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2018; 178:194-197. [PMID: 29749690 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
New and rapidly evolving technologies have dramatically impacted the practice of clinical genetics as well as broader areas of medicine. To illustrate this trend from the perspective of a clinical molecular laboratory, we briefly summarize our general experience conducting exome testing for patients with holoprosencephaly (HPE). Though these cases are not representative of HPE more generally (i.e., cases undergoing exome sequencing represent a skewed sample), results include a 22% positive rate from exome testing. Of interest, 29% of reported results involved genes not considered to be classic HPE genes, indicating more evidence that HPE may fall within the severe spectrum of many other genetic conditions.
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13
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Roessler E, Hu P, Muenke M. Holoprosencephaly in the genomics era. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2018; 178:165-174. [PMID: 29770992 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the direct consequence of specific genetic and/or environmental insults interrupting the midline specification of the nascent forebrain. Such disturbances can lead to a broad range of phenotypic consequences for the brain and face in humans. This malformation sequence is remarkably common in utero (1 in 250 human fetuses), but 97% typically do not survive to birth. The precise molecular pathogenesis of HPE in these early human embryos remains largely unknown. Here, we outline our current understanding of the principal driving factors leading to HPE pathologies and elaborate our multifactorial integrated genomics approach. Overall, our understanding of the pathogenesis continues to become simpler, rather than more complicated. Genomic technologies now provide unprecedented insight into disease-associated variation, including the overall extent of genetic interactions (coding and noncoding) predicted to explain divergent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Guillen Sacoto MJ, Martinez AF, Abe Y, Kruszka P, Weiss K, Everson JL, Bataller R, Kleiner DE, Ward JM, Sulik KK, Lipinski RJ, Solomon BD, Muenke M. Human germline hedgehog pathway mutations predispose to fatty liver. J Hepatol 2017; 67. [PMID: 28645738 PMCID: PMC5613974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease. Activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in the progression of NAFLD and proposed as a therapeutic target; however, the effects of Hh signaling inhibition have not been studied in humans with germline mutations that affect this pathway. METHODS Patients with holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder associated with germline mutations disrupting Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, were clinically evaluated for NAFLD. A combined mouse model of Hh signaling attenuation (Gli2 heterozygous null: Gli2+/-) and diet-induced NAFLD was used to examine aspects of NAFLD and hepatic gene expression profiles, including molecular markers of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. RESULTS Patients with HPE had a higher prevalence of liver steatosis compared to the general population, independent of obesity. Exposure of Gli2+/- mice to fatty liver-inducing diets resulted in increased liver steatosis compared to wild-type mice. Similar to humans, this effect was independent of obesity in the mutant mice and was associated with decreased expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes, and increased expression of PPARγ, a potent anti-fibrogenic and anti-inflammatory regulator. Interestingly, tumor suppressors p53 and p16INK4 were found to be downregulated in the Gli2+/- mice exposed to a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that germline mutations disrupting Hh signaling promotes liver steatosis, independent of obesity, with reduced fibrosis. While Hh signaling inhibition has been associated with a better NAFLD prognosis, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of mutations affecting this pathway. Lay summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess fat deposition in the liver predominantly due to high calorie intake and a sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD progression is usually accompanied by activation of the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway leading to fibrous buildup (scar tissue) and inflammation of the liver tissue. For the first time patients with holoprosencephaly, a disease caused by SHH signaling mutations, are shown to have increased liver steatosis independent of obesity. This observation was recapitulated in a mouse model of attenuated SHH signaling that also showed increased liver steatosis but with decreased fibrosis and inflammation. While SHH inhibition is associated with a good NAFLD prognosis, this increase in liver fat accumulation in the context of SHH signaling inhibition must be studied prospectively to evaluate its long-term effects, especially in individuals with Western-type dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel F. Martinez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yu Abe
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul Kruszka
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karin Weiss
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua L. Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Kathleen K. Sulik
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Benjamin D. Solomon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA; Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children’s Hospital and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, VA,GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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15
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Komatsu I, Mitsuhashi H, Nakaoka M, Komiyama N. Hydrophilic polymer embolization: another differential diagnosis of iatrogenic leg embolization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2017; 32:401-4. [PMID: 27830460 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-016-0441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In daily practice, the iatrogenic complication hydrophilic polymer embolization (HPE) is under-recognized. An 86-year-old male experienced a distal foot embolization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Rashes appeared only in the access side foot just after the procedure. Gradual worsening of the rashes was first thought to be cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE), but a pathological examination revealed HPE. The clinical course following the diagnosis was uneventful without notable treatment. We experienced a rare but important alternative differential diagnosis of CCE after catheter intervention.
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16
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Gondré-Lewis MC, Gboluaje T, Reid SN, Lin S, Wang P, Green W, Diogo R, Fidélia-Lambert MN, Herman MM. The human brain and face: mechanisms of cranial, neurological and facial development revealed through malformations of holoprosencephaly, cyclopia and aberrations in chromosome 18. J Anat 2016; 227:255-67. [PMID: 26278930 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of inborn genetic errors can lend insight into mechanisms of normal human development and congenital malformations. Here, we present the first detailed comparison of cranial and neuro pathology in two exceedingly rare human individuals with cyclopia and alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) in the presence and absence of aberrant chromosome 18 (aCh18). The aCh18 fetus contained one normal Ch18 and one with a pseudo-isodicentric duplication of chromosome 18q and partial deletion of 18p from 18p11.31 where the HPE gene, TGIF, resides, to the p terminus. In addition to synophthalmia, the aCh18 cyclopic malformations included a failure of induction of most of the telencephalon - closely approximating anencephaly, unchecked development of brain stem structures, near absence of the sphenoid bone and a malformed neurocranium and viscerocranium that constitute the median face. Although there was complete erasure of the olfactory and superior nasal structures, rudiments of nasal structures derived from the maxillary bone were evident, but with absent pharyngeal structures. The second non-aCh18 cyclopic fetus was initially classified as a true Cyclops, as it appeared to have a proboscis and one median eye with a single iris, but further analysis revealed two eye globes as expected for synophthalmic cyclopia. Furthermore, the proboscis was associated with the medial ethmoid ridge, consistent with an incomplete induction of these nasal structures, even as the nasal septum and paranasal sinuses were apparently developed. An important conclusion of this study is that it is the brain that predicts the overall configuration of the face, due to its influence on the development of surrounding skeletal structures. The present data using a combination of macroscopic, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide an unparalleled analysis on the extent of the effects of median defects, and insight into normal development and patterning of the brain, face and their skeletal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Temitayo Gboluaje
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shaina N Reid
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen Lin
- Department of Radiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Radiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William Green
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rui Diogo
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mary M Herman
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Mehta RI, Mehta RI. Polymer-induced central nervous system complications following vascular procedures: spectrum of iatrogenic injuries and review of outcomes. Hum Pathol 2016; 53:178-90. [PMID: 27072640 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymer substances are commonly applied as surface coatings on endovascular catheters and vascular devices. Adverse effects related to their use have been reported, although the overall clinical significance and appropriate methods of detection of these complications have been unclear. In this analysis, we systematically reviewed clinical and diagnostic features in 32 patients (age, 36-87years; mean, 59years) in whom intracranial polymer reactions were documented following vascular interventions. Associated neuroradiologic and neuropathologic findings were variable and included cerebral vasculitis or vasculopathy (63%), abscess or granuloma formation (38%), ischemic infarcts (28%), parenchymal hematomas (28%), white matter change (25%), and/or chemical meningitis (22%). Location(s) of polymer reactions varied and included sites adjacent to and/or downstream from instrument insertion or implantation. Presenting clinical signs included focal neurologic deficits (41%), headache (22%), constitutional symptoms (19%), meningitis (16%), seizure and/or involuntary movements (9%), coma (6%), and syncope (3%). Adverse outcomes included stroke (31%), death (28%), delayed communicating hydrocephalus (9%), steroid dependency (9%), steroid complications (6%), and cerebral volume loss (3%). In some cases, these complications necessitated increased cost and length of medical care. In this review, we highlight the diverse features of polymer-induced reactions involving the central nervous system and summarize distinct diagnostic patterns that may enable earlier premortem detection of these lesions in the postprocedural clinical setting. Further work in this area is necessary to identify additional etiologic, preventative and therapeutic strategies. These data have potentially broad implications pertaining to the safety, efficacy, standards of use, storage, manufacturing, and regulation of new and emerging vascular devices and polymer nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi I Mehta
- Department of Radiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.
| | - Rupal I Mehta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; Center for Neural Development and Disease (CNDD), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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18
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Reid SN, Ziermann JM, Gondré-Lewis MC. Genetically induced abnormal cranial development in human trisomy 18 with holoprosencephaly: comparisons with the normal tempo of osteogenic-neural development. J Anat 2015; 227:21-33. [PMID: 26018729 PMCID: PMC4475356 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations are common congenital defects caused by failed midline inductive signals. These midline defects are associated with exposure of the fetus to exogenous teratogens and with inborn genetic errors such as those found in Down, Patau, Edwards' and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndromes. Yet, there are no studies that analyze contributions of synchronous neurocranial and neural development in these disorders. Here we present the first in-depth analysis of malformations of the basicranium of a holoprosencephalic (HPE) trisomy 18 (T18; Edwards' syndrome) fetus with synophthalmic cyclopia and alobar HPE. With a combination of traditional gross dissection and state-of-the-art computed tomography, we demonstrate the deleterious effects of T18 caused by a translocation at 18p11.31. Bony features included a single developmentally unseparated frontal bone, and complete dual absence of the anterior cranial fossa and ethmoid bone. From a superior view with the calvarium plates removed, there was direct visual access to the orbital foramen and hard palate. Both the eyes and the pituitary gland, normally protected by bony structures, were exposed in the cranial cavity and in direct contact with the brain. The middle cranial fossa was shifted anteriorly, and foramina were either missing or displaced to an abnormal location due to the absence or misplacement of its respective cranial nerve (CN). When CN development was conserved in its induction and placement, the respective foramen developed in its normal location albeit with abnormal gross anatomical features, as seen in the facial nerve (CNVII) and the internal acoustic meatus. More anteriorly localized CNs and their foramina were absent or heavily disrupted compared with posterior ones. The severe malformations exhibited in the cranial fossae, orbital region, pituitary gland and sella turcica highlight the crucial involvement of transcription factors such as TGIF, which is located on chromosome 18 and contributes to neural patterning, in the proper development of neural and cranial structures. Our study of a T18 specimen emphasizes the intricate interplay between bone and brain development in midline craniofacial abnormalities in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina N Reid
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of MedicineWashington, DC, USA
| | - Janine M Ziermann
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of MedicineWashington, DC, USA
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Laboratory for Neurodevelopment, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of MedicineWashington, DC, USA
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19
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Mehta RI, Mehta RI, Choi JM, Mukherjee A, Castellani RJ. Hydrophilic polymer embolism and associated vasculopathy of the lung: prevalence in a retrospective autopsy study. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:191-201. [PMID: 25543660 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymers are commonly applied as surface coatings on vascular devices and have been shown to dissociate during endovascular use, causing hydrophilic polymer embolism (HPE). Adverse effects related to this phenomenon have been recognized and reported. The prevalence of this complication is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of HPE among hospital autopsies over a 29-month period. Postmortem tissue was histologically evaluated for the presence, location(s) and extent of HPE. HPE findings were correlated with documented clinical and laboratory data and patient outcome. Of 136 hospital autopsies examined, 18 (13%) showed evidence of HPE involving the lungs (n = 18), heart (n = 1) or central nervous system (n = 1). Localized pulmonary HPE was seen in 12 patients (9%). Multifocal pulmonary HPE was found in 6 patients (4%) and was associated with clinical vasculitis (33%; P < .0001), suspected pulmonary ischemia (50%; P = .008), coagulopathy (67%; P = .002), and constitutional disease (83%; P = .01). Within affected lung, associated histopathologic changes included occlusive intravascular or perivascular inflammation (89%), intravascular fibrous response (56%), microthrombus formation (44%), vasculitis (28%), and/or pulmonary microinfarction (28%). Statistically significant differences in hospital days (P = .008) and number of vascular interventions (P = .01) were noted between affected and unaffected patients. We conclude that HPE is an underdiagnosed phenomenon with primary involvement of the lungs, where secondary vascular changes are common. Additional studies may be needed to clarify risks and to identify preventative strategies for this iatrogenic complication of catheterizations and "minimally invasive" endovascular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal I Mehta
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, 21201.
| | - Rashi I Mehta
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Department of Radiology, Syracuse, NY, 13210
| | - Julia M Choi
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, 21201
| | | | - Rudy J Castellani
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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Sundaram SS, Alonso EM, Haber B, Magee JC, Fredericks E, Kamath B, Kerkar N, Rosenthal P, Shepherd R, Limbers C, Varni JW, Robuck P, Sokol RJ, Liver C. Health related quality of life in patients with biliary atresia surviving with their native liver. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1052-7.e2. [PMID: 23746866 PMCID: PMC4014354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with biliary atresia with their native livers and compare them with healthy children and patients with biliary atresia post-liver transplant (LT) and to examine the relationship between HRQOL and medical variables. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional HRQOL study of patients with biliary atresia with their native livers (ages 2-25 years) was conducted and compared with healthy and post-LT biliary atresia samples using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 child self and parent proxy reports, a validated measure of physical/psychosocial functioning. RESULTS 221 patients with biliary atresia with native livers (54% female, 67% white) were studied. Patient self and parent proxy reports showed significantly poorer HRQOL than healthy children across all domains (P < .001), particularly in emotional and psychosocial functioning. Child self and parent proxy HRQOL scores from patients with biliary atresia with their native livers and post-LT biliary atresia were similar across all domains (P = not significant). Child self and parent proxy reports showed moderate agreement across all scales, except social functioning (poor to fair agreement). On multivariate regression analysis, black race and elevated total bilirubin were associated with lower Total and Psychosocial HRQOL summary scores. CONCLUSIONS HRQOL in patients with biliary atresia with their native livers is significantly poorer than healthy children and similar to children with post-LT biliary atresia. These findings identify significant opportunities to optimize the overall health of patients with biliary atresia.
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Chen CP, Huang JP, Chen YY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Su JW, Pan CW, Wang W. Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome presenting holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis: prenatal diagnosis and aCGH characterization using uncultured amniocytes. Gene 2013; 527:636-41. [PMID: 23850725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of a de novo distal 18p deletion involving 14.06Mb at 18p11.32-p11.21 by aCGH using uncultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with fetal holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis. QF-PCR analysis showed that distal 18p deletion was from maternal origin. Metaphase FISH analysis confirmed haploinsufficiency of TGIF. We discuss the functions of the genes that are deleted within this region. The present case shows the usefulness of applying aCGH on uncultured amniocytes for rapid aneuploidy diagnosis in cases with prenatally detected fetal structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hendriks WJAJ, Pulido R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase variants in human hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1673-96. [PMID: 23707412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins is a key regulatory mechanism to steer normal development and physiological functioning of multicellular organisms. Phosphotyrosine dephosphorylation is exerted by members of the super-family of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) enzymes and many play such essential roles that a wide variety of hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities in man are caused by PTP alleles. More than two decades of PTP research has resulted in a collection of PTP genetic variants with corresponding consequences at the molecular, cellular and physiological level. Here we present a comprehensive overview of these PTP gene variants that have been linked to disease states in man. Although the findings have direct bearing for disease diagnostics and for research on disease etiology, more work is necessary to translate this into therapies that alleviate the burden of these hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Showkat SA, Lateef M, Wani AA, Lone SA, Singh K, Yousuf I. Clinicopathological profile of cervicofacial masses in pediatric patients. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 61:141-6. [PMID: 23120623 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-009-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four hundred pediatric patients (0-12 years of age) who presented with cervicofacial masses were evaluated clinically and pathologically. Infl ammatory lesions were the commonest (48%) followed by congenital and developmental malformations (26%). In infl ammatory lesions, reactive lymphadenopathy was the commonest (16%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis (11.5%). In congenital and developmental malformations hemangiomas were the commonest (12%) followed by TG cyst (6.5%). Cystic lesions (non-developmental) constituted 19%, benign neoplastic lesions 7% and malignant neoplastic lesions 2% of the cases. Males predominated the series (53.5%) and commonest age group involved was 10-12 years (20.5%). FNAB was performed in 93% of cases and HPE was available in 51.5% of cases. Sensitivity of FNAB in our series was 87.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat A Showkat
- Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar, 190 010 India
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