1
|
Natsume M, Niwa M, Ichikawa S, Okamoto T, Tsutsui H, Usukura D, Murata T, Abe R, Shimonaka M, Nishida T, Shiina I, Obata Y. Brefeldin A and M-COPA block the export of RTKs from the endoplasmic reticulum via simultaneous inactivation of ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5. J Biol Chem 2024:107327. [PMID: 38679330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) need to reach the plasma membrane (PM) for ligand-induced activation, whereas its cancer-causing mutants can be activated before reaching the PM in organelles, such as the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN). Inhibitors of protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as brefeldin A (BFA) and 2-methylcoprophilinamide (M-COPA), can suppress the activation of mutant RTKs in cancer cells, suggesting that RTK mutants cannot initiate signaling in the ER. BFA and M-COPA block the function of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) that play a crucial role in ER-Golgi protein trafficking. However, among ARF family proteins, the specific ARFs inhibited by BFA or M-COPA, that is, the ARFs involved in RTKs transport from the ER, remain unclear. In this study, we showed that M-COPA blocked the export of not only KIT but also PDGFRA/EGFR/MET RTKs from the ER. ER-retained RTKs could not fully transduce anti-apoptotic signals, thereby leading to cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, single knockdown of ARF1, ARF3, ARF4, ARF5, or ARF6 could not block ER export of RTKs, indicating that BFA/M-COPA treatment cannot be mimicked by knockdown of only one ARF member. Interestingly, simultaneous transfection of ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5 siRNAs mirrored the effect of BFA/M-COPA treatment. Consistent with these results, in vitro pulldown assays showed that BFA/M-COPA blocked the function of ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5. Taken together, these results suggest that BFA/M-COPA targets at least ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5; in other words, RTKs require the simultaneous activation of ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5 for their ER export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Natsume
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Mariko Niwa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sho Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Takuma Okamoto
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Ryo Abe
- Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimonaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | - Yuuki Obata
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang T, Ke H, Liu J, An X, Xue J, Ning J, Hao F, Xiong L, Chen C, Wang Y, Zheng J, Gao B, Bao Z, Gong K, Zhang L, Zhang F, Guo S, Li QX. Narazaciclib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against CSF1R, FLT3 and CDK6, shows strong anti-AML activity in defined preclinical models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9032. [PMID: 38641704 PMCID: PMC11031590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CSF1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for the growth/survival/polarization of macrophages and overexpressed in some AML patients. We hypothesized that a novel multi-kinase inhibitor (TKi), narazaciclib (HX301/ON123300), with high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), would have anti-AML effects. We tested this by confirming HX301's high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), as well as other kinases, e.g. FLT3 (IC50 of ~ 19.77 nM) and CDK6 (0.53 nM). An in vitro proliferation assay showed that narazaciclib has a high growth inhibitory effect in cell cultures where CSF1R or mutant FLT3-ITD variants that may be proliferation drivers, including primary macrophages (IC50 of 72.5 nM) and a subset of AML lines (IC50 < 1.5 μM). In vivo pharmacology modeling of narazaciclib using five AML xenografts resulted in: inhibition of MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD) subcutaneous tumor growth and complete suppression of AM7577-PDX (FLT3-ITD/CSF1Rmed) systemic growth, likely due to the suppression of FLT3-ITD activity; complete suppression of AM8096-PDX (CSF1Rhi/wild-type FLT3) growth, likely due to the inhibition of CSF1R ("a putative driver"); and nonresponse of both AM5512-PDX and AM7407-PDX (wild-type FLT3/CSF1Rlo). Significant leukemia load reductions in bone marrow, where disease originated, were also achieved in both responders (AM7577/AM8096), implicating that HX301 might be a potentially more effective therapy than those only affecting peripheral leukemic cells. Altogether, narazaciclib can potentially be a candidate treatment for a subset of AML with CSF1Rhi and/or mutant FLT3-ITD variants, particularly second generation FLT3 inhibitor resistant variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China
| | - Hang Ke
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Xiaoyu An
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Jia Xue
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | | | - Feng Hao
- Kyinno Biotechnology, Ltd., Beijing, PRC, China
| | | | - Cen Chen
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Jia Zheng
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Bing Gao
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | | | - Kefeng Gong
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu, PRC, USA
| | - Qi-Xiang Li
- Hanx Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, PRC, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gorostiola González M, Rakers PRJ, Jespers W, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH, van Westen GJP. Computational Characterization of Membrane Proteins as Anticancer Targets: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3698. [PMID: 38612509 PMCID: PMC11011372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and calls for novel therapeutic targets. Membrane proteins are key players in various cancer types but present unique challenges compared to soluble proteins. The advent of computational drug discovery tools offers a promising approach to address these challenges, allowing for the prioritization of "wet-lab" experiments. In this review, we explore the applications of computational approaches in membrane protein oncological characterization, particularly focusing on three prominent membrane protein families: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and solute carrier proteins (SLCs). We chose these families due to their varying levels of understanding and research data availability, which leads to distinct challenges and opportunities for computational analysis. We discuss the utilization of multi-omics data, machine learning, and structure-based methods to investigate aberrant protein functionalities associated with cancer progression within each family. Moreover, we highlight the importance of considering the broader cellular context and, in particular, cross-talk between proteins. Despite existing challenges, computational tools hold promise in dissecting membrane protein dysregulation in cancer. With advancing computational capabilities and data resources, these tools are poised to play a pivotal role in identifying and prioritizing membrane proteins as personalized anticancer targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gorostiola González
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
- Oncode Institute, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn R. J. Rakers
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
| | - Willem Jespers
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
- Oncode Institute, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.G.G.); (P.R.J.R.); (W.J.); (A.P.I.); (L.H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garcia-Marcos M. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling without GPCRs: The Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105756. [PMID: 38364891 PMCID: PMC10943482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) are molecular switches that relay signals from 7-transmembrane receptors located at the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The function of these receptors is so intimately linked to heterotrimeric G proteins that they are named G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), showcasing the interdependent nature of this archetypical receptor-transducer axis of transmembrane signaling in eukaryotes. It is generally assumed that activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling occurs exclusively by the action of GPCRs, but this idea has been challenged by the discovery of alternative mechanisms by which G proteins can propagate signals in the cell. This review will focus on a general principle of G protein signaling that operates without the direct involvement of GPCRs. The mechanism of G protein signaling reviewed here is mediated by a class of G protein regulators defined by containing an evolutionarily conserved sequence named the Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. Using the best characterized proteins with a GBA motif as examples, Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/Girdin and dishevelled-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues (DAPLE), this review will cover (i) the mechanisms by which extracellular cues not relayed by GPCRs promote the coupling of GBA motif-containing regulators with G proteins, (ii) the structural and molecular basis for how GBA motifs interact with Gα subunits to facilitate signaling, (iii) the relevance of this mechanism in different cellular and pathological processes, including cancer and birth defects, and (iv) strategies to manipulate GBA-G protein coupling for experimental therapeutics purposes, including the development of rationally engineered proteins and chemical probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Fan J, Li J, Li B. Research on Robust Adaptive RTK Positioning of Low-Cost Smart Terminals. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1477. [PMID: 38475014 DOI: 10.3390/s24051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The performance of low-cost smart terminals is limited by the performance of their low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) hardware and chips, as well as by the impact of complex urban environments, which affect the positioning accuracy and stability of GNSS services. To this end, this paper proposes a robust adaptive Kalman filter for different environments that can be applied after data preprocessing. Based on the Kalman filter algorithm, a robust estimation approach is introduced into real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning to make judgments on the abnormal observation values of low-cost smart terminals, which amplifies the variance and covariance of the outlier observation equation, and reduces the impact of outliers on positioning performance. The Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics III (IGG III) function is used for regulation purposes, where prior information is modified and refreshed using the equivalent weight matrix and adaptive factors, thus reducing the impact of system model errors on system state estimation results. In addition, a robust factor is defined to adjust positioning deviation weighting between the pre- and post-test robust estimates. The experimental results show that after robust RTK positioning in the static experiments, the overall improvement in positioning accuracies of the Xiaomi 8, Huawei P40, Huawei mate40, and low-cost M8 receiver reached 29.6%, 31.3%, 32.1%, and 30.7%, respectively. Similarly, after applying the proposed robust method in the dynamic experiments, the overall positioning accuracies of the Xiaomi 8, Huawei P40, Huawei mate40, and the low-cost M8 receiver improved by 28.3%, 32.9%, 35.4%, and 26.2%, respectively. The experimental results reveal that an excellent positioning effect of a smartphone is positively correlated with robust RTK positioning performance. However, it is worth noting that when the positioning accuracy reaches a high level, such as the positioning results achieved using low-cost receivers, the robustness performance shows a relatively decreasing trend. This finding suggests that under the condition of high positioning accuracy, the sensitivity of specific positioning equipment to interference sources may increase, resulting in a decline in the effect of robust RTK positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Zhu
- School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University (LNTU), Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Jiabao Fan
- School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University (LNTU), Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University (LNTU), Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University (LNTU), Fuxin 123000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rubinfeld H, Cohen ZR, Bendavid U, Fichman-Horn S, Levy-Barda A, David C, Melamed P, Shimon I. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B6 is highly expressed in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and its expression correlates with tumor size. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:297. [PMID: 38341842 PMCID: PMC10859332 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors are the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases characterized in humans. These proteins are involved in tissue organization, synaptic plasticity, vascular development and the progression of various diseases including cancer. The Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor tyrosine kinase member EphB6 is a pseudokinase which has not attracted an equivalent amount of interest as its enzymatically-active counterparts. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of EphB6 in pituitary tumors. METHODS AND RESULTS Human normal pituitaries and pituitary tumors were examined for EphB6 mRNA expression using real-time PCR and for EphB6 protein by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. EphB6 was highly expressed in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) versus the normal pituitary and GH-secreting PitNETs. EphB6 mRNA expression was correlated with tumor size. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest EphB6 aberrant expression in NF-PitNETs. Future studies are warranted to determine the role and significance of EphB6 in NF-PitNETs tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadara Rubinfeld
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uzi Bendavid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Adva Levy-Barda
- Biobank, Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Cfir David
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Philippa Melamed
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Shimon
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wazin F, Lovicu FJ. Conditional Ablation of Spred1 and Spred2 in the Eye Lens Negatively Impacts Its Development and Growth. Cells 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38391903 PMCID: PMC10886530 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of the eye depends on normal lens morphogenesis and its growth. This growth, in turn, is dependent on coordinated proliferation of the lens epithelial cells and their subsequent differentiation into fiber cells. These cellular processes are tightly regulated to maintain the precise cellular structure and size of the lens, critical for its transparency and refractive properties. Growth factor-mediated MAPK signaling driven by ERK1/2 has been reported as essential for regulating cellular processes of the lens, with ERK1/2 signaling tightly regulated by endogenous antagonists, including members of the Sprouty and related Spred families. Our previous studies have demonstrated the importance of both these inhibitory molecules in lens and eye development. In this study, we build on these findings to highlight the importance of Spreds in regulating early lens morphogenesis by modulating ERK1/2-mediated lens epithelial cell proliferation and fiber differentiation. Conditional loss of both Spred1 and Spred2 in early lens morphogenesis results in elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, hyperproliferation of lens epithelia, and an associated increase in the rate of fiber differentiation. This results in transient microphakia and microphthalmia, which disappears, owing potentially to compensatory Sprouty expression. Our data support an important temporal role for Spreds in the early stages of lens morphogenesis and highlight how negative regulation of ERK1/2 signaling is critical for maintaining lens proliferation and fiber differentiation in situ throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Wazin
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nelson ZM, Leonard GD, Fehl C. Tools for investigating O-GlcNAc in signaling and other fundamental biological pathways. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105615. [PMID: 38159850 PMCID: PMC10831167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells continuously fine-tune signaling pathway proteins to match nutrient and stress levels in their local environment by modifying intracellular proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) sugars, an essential process for cell survival and growth. The small size of these monosaccharide modifications poses a challenge for functional determination, but the chemistry and biology communities have together created a collection of precision tools to study these dynamic sugars. This review presents the major themes by which O-GlcNAc influences signaling pathway proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors, growth factor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, lipid sensing, and cytokine signaling pathways. Along the way, we describe in detail key chemical biology tools that have been developed and applied to determine specific O-GlcNAc roles in these pathways. These tools include metabolic labeling, O-GlcNAc-enhancing RNA aptamers, fluorescent biosensors, proximity labeling tools, nanobody targeting tools, O-GlcNAc cycling inhibitors, light-activated systems, chemoenzymatic labeling, and nutrient reporter assays. An emergent feature of this signaling pathway meta-analysis is the intricate interplay between O-GlcNAc modifications across different signaling systems, underscoring the importance of O-GlcNAc in regulating cellular processes. We highlight the significance of O-GlcNAc in signaling and the role of chemical and biochemical tools in unraveling distinct glycobiological regulatory mechanisms. Collectively, our field has determined effective strategies to probe O-GlcNAc roles in biology. At the same time, this survey of what we do not yet know presents a clear roadmap for the field to use these powerful chemical tools to explore cross-pathway O-GlcNAc interactions in signaling and other major biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Garry D Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simpson JE, Muir MT, Lee M, Naughton C, Gilbert N, Pollard SM, Gammoh N. Autophagy supports PDGFRA-dependent brain tumor development by enhancing oncogenic signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:228-243.e7. [PMID: 38113891 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process. While autophagy-related proteins were shown to influence the signaling and trafficking of some receptor tyrosine kinases, the relevance of this during cancer development is unclear. Here, we identify a role for autophagy in regulating platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) signaling and levels. We find that PDGFRA can be targeted for autophagic degradation through the activity of the autophagy cargo receptor p62. As a result, short-term autophagy inhibition leads to elevated levels of PDGFRA but an unexpected defect in PDGFA-mediated signaling due to perturbed receptor trafficking. Defective PDGFRA signaling led to its reduced levels during prolonged autophagy inhibition, suggesting a mechanism of adaptation. Importantly, PDGFA-driven gliomagenesis in mice was disrupted when autophagy was inhibited in a manner dependent on Pten status, thus highlighting a genotype-specific role for autophagy during tumorigenesis. In summary, our data provide a mechanism by which cells require autophagy to drive tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Morwenna T Muir
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Catherine Naughton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nick Gilbert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vallet García JM, Bhuiyan MZH. RTK+OSNMA Positioning for Road Applications: An Experimental Performance Analysis in Finland. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:621. [PMID: 38257713 DOI: 10.3390/s24020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We compare the performance of dual-band (GPS L1/L2 and Galileo E1/E5a) real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning in an open sky and urban scenarios in southern Finland using two different authentication schemes: one using only satellites authenticated by Galileo's open service navigation message authentication (OSNMA) service (which at the moment of our tests led to using only authenticated Galileo satellites) and the other with no authentication. The results show the actual trade-off between accuracy and availability vs. authenticity associated with using only OSNMA-authenticated satellites, while the authentication of only Galileo satellites is possible (e.g., a drop of RTK positioning availability from 96.67 to 86.01% in our open sky and from 73.55 to 18.65% in our urban scenarios, respectively), and an upper bound of the potential performance that could be reached in similar experimental conditions had the authentication of GPS satellites been supported (e.g., an overall 14 cm and 10.20 m 95% horizontal accuracy in our open sky and urban scenarios, with below 30, 20 and 10 cm during 97.39, 96.03 and 92.43% of the time in the open sky and 49.12, 45.96 and 39.63% in the urban scenarios, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Vallet García
- Navigation and Positioning Department, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - M Zahidul H Bhuiyan
- Navigation and Positioning Department, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chanda K, Mukhopadhyay D. Quantitative Investigation of Neuroprotective Role of ROR1 in a Cell Culture Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:267-276. [PMID: 38427243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal and microtubule atrophy are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A method to investigate endogenous proteins that can interact/stabilize the cytoskeleton (under pathological cues) is rare. Here, we describe how receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), can act as a neuroprotective molecule by promoting neurite outgrowth, stabilizing cytoskeletal components, and altering the dynamics of actin assembly in a cell culture model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Linguanti F, Abenavoli EM, Calabretta R, Berti V, Lopci E. ImmunoPET Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5886. [PMID: 38136430 PMCID: PMC10741542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases, or RTKs, are one large family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction, which represent an integral part of the signaling pathways. They play a crucial role in most important cellular processes, starting with the cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, as well as cell migration, metabolism and survival. The introduction of ImmunoPET evaluating the expression of RTKs by specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antibody fragments is regarded as a promising tool for imaging treatment efficacy and developing anticancer therapeutics. Our review focuses mainly on the current clinical research regarding ImmunoPET targeting RTKs, with particular interest in the epidermal growth factor family, or HER family, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor/receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ospedale San Donato, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Calabretta
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Berti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vázquez-Cuevas FG, Reyna-Jeldes M, Velázquez-Miranda E, Coddou C. Transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases by purinergic P2Y and adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:613-621. [PMID: 36529846 PMCID: PMC10754767 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is a crosstalk mechanism exhibited by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) to activate signaling pathways classically associated with growth factors. The discovery of RTK transactivation was a breakthrough in signal transduction that contributed to developing current concepts in intracellular signaling. RTK transactivation links GPCR signaling to important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, and explains the functional diversity of these receptors. Purinergic (P2Y and adenosine) receptors belong to class A of GPCR; in the present work, we systematically review the experimental evidence showing that purinergic receptors have the ability to transactivate RTK in multiple tissues and physiopathological conditions resulting in the modulation of cellular physiology. Of particular relevance, the crosstalk between purinergic receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor is a redundant pathway that participates in multiple pathophysiological processes. Specific and detailed knowledge of purinergic receptor-regulated pathways advances our understanding of the complexity of GPCR signal transduction and opens the way for pharmacologic intervention in the pathological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla # 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México.
| | - M Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, 1781421, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
- Núcleo Para El Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado Y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo , 1781421, Chile
| | - E Velázquez-Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla # 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - C Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, 1781421, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, 8331150, Chile.
- Núcleo Para El Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado Y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo , 1781421, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Peng S, Lv Z, Guo T, Zhang L. Research of STEAP3 interaction with Rab7A and RACK1 to modulate the MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling in Osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111034. [PMID: 37820423 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying OA progression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of STEAP3 (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 3) in the development of OA. Our results demonstrated that STEAP3 was upregulated in OA cartilage tissues and contributes to the progression of the disease. To elucidate the mechanism, we employed transcriptomic and interaction proteomics analysis, and identified dysregulated genes and pathways associated with STEAP3 overexpression. Specifically, we found that STEAP3 interacted with Rab7A, a protein involved in intracellular trafficking and autophagy, and suppressed its activity. In addition, STEAP3 interacted with activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and enhanced its activity. Furthermore, our data indicated that the suppression of Rab7A activity by STEAP3 promoted the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the promoting effects of RACK1 by STEAP3, both of which in turn activated the MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the role of STEAP3 in promoting OA progression. By inhibiting Rab7A activity and promoting RACK1 activity, STEAP3 enhanced inflammation through the activation of RTKs and subsequent activation of the MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Targeting STEAP3 may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA by modulating these interconnected pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scalia P, Williams SJ. Over-expression by degradation rescue of RTKs via cancer-secreted autocrine growth factors: a Phospho-degron-driven actionable layer of post-translational regulation?. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1278402. [PMID: 37823054 PMCID: PMC10562641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1278402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently published work provide the first known evidence of a malignancy-associated regulatory mechanism, functionally connecting a phospho-regulated degron domain embedded in a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), with its ectopic expression in cancer, conditional to a specific autocrine growth factor signal. Mechanistically, the growth factor-triggered phosphorylation inhibits the degron domain present in the regulated RTK, blocking access to a specific degradation complex. This ultimately rescues the RTK from rapid ubiquitin-proteasome-system-mediated degradation and, most importantly, causes its cellular overexpression. This mechanism, which has been here assigned the new functional name "Over-Expression by Degradation Rescue" (OEDR), provides an additional layer and potentially preferential tool for the control of RTKs expression in cancer, in addition to other mechanisms acting at the transcriptional and messenger transcript stabilization levels. We propose this newly defined phosphorylation/ubiquitination switch-dependent signal to bear wider unexploited relevance in cell biology and human pathophysiology. The recently identified mechanism underlying an OEDR-regulated RTK is discussed herein in the context of physiological endocrine circuits and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- Istituto Somatogene per la Oncologia Personalizzata e la Ricerca Onco-Genomica (ISOPROG)-Somatolink Expert-Patients For Patients (EPFP) Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Istituto Somatogene per la Oncologia Personalizzata e la Ricerca Onco-Genomica (ISOPROG)-Somatolink Expert-Patients For Patients (EPFP) Research Network, Caltanissetta, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Williams
- Istituto Somatogene per la Oncologia Personalizzata e la Ricerca Onco-Genomica (ISOPROG)-Somatolink Expert-Patients For Patients (EPFP) Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Istituto Somatogene per la Oncologia Personalizzata e la Ricerca Onco-Genomica (ISOPROG)-Somatolink Expert-Patients For Patients (EPFP) Research Network, Caltanissetta, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qian F, Nettleford SK, Zhou J, Arner BE, Hall MA, Sharma A, Annageldiyev C, Rossi RM, Tukaramrao DB, Sarkar D, Hegde S, Gandhi UH, Finch ER, Goodfield L, Quickel MD, Claxton DF, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Activation of GPR44 decreases severity of myeloid leukemia via specific targeting of leukemia initiating stem cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112794. [PMID: 37459233 PMCID: PMC10428076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant concern due to persistent leukemia-initiating stem cells (LICs) that are typically not targeted by most existing therapies. Using a murine AML model, human AML cell lines, and patient samples, we show that AML LICs are sensitive to endogenous and exogenous cyclopentenone prostaglandin-J (CyPG), Δ12-PGJ2, and 15d-PGJ2, which are increased upon dietary selenium supplementation via the cyclooxygenase-hematopoietic PGD synthase pathway. CyPGs are endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and GPR44 (CRTH2; PTGDR2). Deletion of GPR44 in a mouse model of AML exacerbated the disease suggesting that GPR44 activation mediates selenium-mediated apoptosis of LICs. Transcriptomic analysis of GPR44-/- LICs indicated that GPR44 activation by CyPGs suppressed KRAS-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, to enhance apoptosis. Our studies show the role of GPR44, providing mechanistic underpinnings of the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of selenium and CyPGs in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shaneice K Nettleford
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brooke E Arner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Molly A Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Randy M Rossi
- Transgenic Core Facility, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Deborpita Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shailaja Hegde
- Hoxworth Blood Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ujjawal H Gandhi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina Health, Cary, NC 27518, USA
| | - Emily R Finch
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Goodfield
- Immunooncology Division, Bicycle Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02140, USA
| | - Michael D Quickel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ayoub MA. Hijacking of GPCRs and RTKs by pathogens. Cell Signal 2023:110802. [PMID: 37437829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens exploit multiple cellular and molecular pathways in the host organisms for their entry, survival and dissemination. The cell surface receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute the targets of many pathogens. This is due to the ubiquitous expression of these two receptor families in the organism and their pivotal role in various cellular and physiological processes. At the molecular level, receptor hijacking implies either direct or indirect interactions between pathogens' effectors or toxins with GPCRs and RTKs at the cell surface thereby interfering with their activation and their downstream signaling pathways inside the host cells. As a result, the pathogens manipulate and redirect GPCR/RTK-mediated signaling pathways and different aspects of cell function for their benefit. The review presents a compilation of the major examples of pathogen infections where GPCRs and RTKs and their related intracellular signaling pathways are targeted. This provides a molecular basis for pathogens hijacking cell signaling and their virulence. Our understanding of such complex host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level will open new opportunities to develop new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against infections. In this context, the pharmacological targeting of GPCRs and RTKs may be a promising approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodriguez SMB, Kamel A, Ciubotaru GV, Onose G, Sevastre AS, Sfredel V, Danoiu S, Dricu A, Tataranu LG. An Overview of EGFR Mechanisms and Their Implications in Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11110. [PMID: 37446288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all of the progress in understanding its molecular biology and pathogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers, and without an efficient treatment modality at the moment, it remains largely incurable. Nowadays, one of the most frequently studied molecules with important implications in the pathogenesis of the classical subtype of GBM is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although many clinical trials aiming to study EGFR targeted therapies have been performed, none of them have reported promising clinical results when used in glioma patients. The resistance of GBM to these therapies was proven to be both acquired and innate, and it seems to be influenced by a cumulus of factors such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, mutations, heterogeneity and compensatory signaling pathways. Recently, it was shown that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. It seems imperative to understand how the EGFR signaling pathways function and how they interconnect with other pathways. Furthermore, it is important to identify the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop better tailored therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mara Baez Rodriguez
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Vasile Ciubotaru
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim S, Carvajal R, Kim M, Yang HW. Kinetics of RTK activation determine ERK reactivation and resistance to dual BRAF/MEK inhibition in melanoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112570. [PMID: 37252843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) has shown promising response rates in treating BRAF-mutant melanoma by inhibiting ERK activation. However, treatment efficacy is limited by the emergence of drug-tolerant persister cells (persisters). Here, we show that the magnitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation determine ERK reactivation and persister development. Our single-cell analysis reveals that only a small subset of melanoma cells exhibits effective RTK and ERK activation and develops persisters, despite uniform external stimuli. The kinetics of RTK activation directly influence ERK signaling dynamics and persister development. These initially rare persisters form major resistant clones through effective RTK-mediated ERK activation. Consequently, limiting RTK signaling suppresses ERK activation and cell proliferation in drug-resistant cells. Our findings provide non-genetic mechanistic insights into the role of heterogeneity in RTK activation kinetics in ERK reactivation and BRAFi/MEKi resistance, suggesting potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance in BRAF-mutant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Carvajal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie T, Xu G, Liu Y, Quade B, Lin W, Bai XC. Structural insights into the assembly of the agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300453120. [PMID: 37252960 PMCID: PMC10266037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300453120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MuSK is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays essential roles in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. Distinct from most members of RTK family, MuSK activation requires not only its cognate ligand agrin but also its coreceptors LRP4. However, how agrin and LRP4 coactivate MuSK remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the extracellular ternary complex of agrin/LRP4/MuSK in a stoichiometry of 1:1:1. This structure reveals that arc-shaped LRP4 simultaneously recruits both agrin and MuSK to its central cavity, thereby promoting a direct interaction between agrin and MuSK. Our cryo-EM analyses therefore uncover the assembly mechanism of agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling complex and reveal how MuSK receptor is activated by concurrent binding of agrin and LRP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Guangjun Xu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Bradley Quade
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xiao-chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scalia P, Williams SJ, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Giordano A. Cell cycle control by the insulin-like growth factor signal: at the crossroad between cell growth and mitotic regulation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1-37. [PMID: 36005738 PMCID: PMC9769454 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In proliferating cells and tissues a number of checkpoints (G1/S and G2/M) preceding cell division (M-phase) require the signal provided by growth factors present in serum. IGFs (I and II) have been demonstrated to constitute key intrinsic components of the peptidic active fraction of mammalian serum. In vivo genetic ablation studies have shown that the cellular signal triggered by the IGFs through their cellular receptors represents a non-replaceable requirement for cell growth and cell cycle progression. Retroactive and current evaluation of published literature sheds light on the intracellular circuitry activated by these factors providing us with a better picture of the pleiotropic mechanistic actions by which IGFs regulate both cell size and mitogenesis under developmental growth as well as in malignant proliferation. The present work aims to summarize the cumulative knowledge learned from the IGF ligands/receptors and their intracellular signaling transducers towards control of cell size and cell-cycle with particular focus to their actionable circuits in human cancer. Furthermore, we bring novel perspectives on key functional discriminants of the IGF growth-mitogenic pathway allowing re-evaluation on some of its signal components based upon established evidences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states,CONTACT Pierluigi Scalia ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA9102, USA
| | - Stephen J Williams
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states
| | - Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,School of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dosquet H, Neirinckx V, Meyrath M, Wantz M, Haan S, Niclou SP, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. Nanoluciferase-based complementation assays to monitor activation, modulation and signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs). Methods Enzymol 2023; 682:1-16. [PMID: 36948698 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane receptors activated by a wide diversity of growth factors, cytokines or hormones. They ensure multiple roles in cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and survival. They are also crucial drivers of development and progression of multiple cancer types, and represent important drug targets. Generally, ligand binding induces dimerization of RTK monomers, which induces auto-/transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the intracellular tails leading to the recruitment of adaptor proteins and modifying enzymes to promote and modulate various downstream signaling pathways. This chapter details easy, rapid, sensitive and versatile methods based on split Nanoluciferase complementation technology (NanoBiT) to monitor activation and modulation of two models of RTKs (EGFR and AXL) through the measurement of their dimerization and the recruitment of the adaptor protein Grb2 (SH2 domain-containing growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) and the receptor-modifying enzyme, the ubiquitin ligase Cbl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Dosquet
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immunopharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - May Wantz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immunopharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immunopharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immunopharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin ZS, Chung CC, Liu YC, Chang CH, Liu HC, Liang YY, Huang TL, Chen TM, Lee CH, Tang CH, Hung MC, Chen YH. EZH2/hSULF1 axis mediates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to shape cartilage tumor progression. eLife 2023; 12:79432. [PMID: 36622753 PMCID: PMC9829410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are primary cancers of cartilaginous tissue and capable of alteration to highly aggressive, metastatic, and treatment-refractory states, leading to a poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate at 11 months for dedifferentiated subtype. At present, the surgical resection of chondrosarcoma is the only effective treatment, and no other treatment options including targeted therapies, conventional chemotherapies, or immunotherapies are available for these patients. Here, we identify a signal pathway way involving EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis that contributes to malignancy of chondrosarcoma and provides a potential therapeutic option for the disease. A non-biased chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence, cDNA microarray analysis, and validation of chondrosarcoma cell lines identified sulfatase 1 (SULF1) as the top EZH2-targeted gene to regulate chondrosarcoma progression. Overexpressed EZH2 resulted in downregulation of SULF1 in chondrosarcoma cell lines, which in turn activated cMET pathway. Pharmaceutical inhibition of cMET or genetically silenced cMET pathway significantly retards the chondrosarcoma growth and extends mice survival. The regulation of EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis were further validated in patient samples with chondrosarcoma. The results not only established a signal pathway promoting malignancy of chondrosarcoma but also provided a therapeutic potential for further development of effective target therapy to treat chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Shin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chiao-Chen Chung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chu-Han Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hui-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Teng-Le Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Swaminathan HB, Sommer A, Becker A, Atzmueller M. Performance Evaluation of GNSS Position Augmentation Methods for Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Environments. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8419. [PMID: 36366117 PMCID: PMC9657055 DOI: 10.3390/s22218419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems provide autonomous vehicles with precise position information through the process of position augmentation. This paper presents a series of performance tests aimed to compare the position accuracy of augmentation techniques such as classical Differential Global Navigation Satellite System, Real-time Kinematic and Real-time eXtended. The aim is to understand the limitations and choose the best position augmentation technique in order to obtain accurate, trustworthy position estimates of a vehicle in urban environments. The tests are performed in and around the German cities of Wuppertal and Duesseldorf, using a vehicle fitted with the navigation system POS-LV 220, developed by Applanix Corporation. In order to evaluate the real-time performance of position augmentation techniques in a highly challenging environment, a total of four test regions are selected. The four test regions are characterized mainly by uneven terrain with tall buildings around the University of Wuppertal, flat terrain with roads of varying width in the city centre of Wuppertal and Duesseldorf and flat terrain in a tunnel section located in the city of Wuppertal. The performances of the different position augmentation are compared using a Root Mean Square (RMS) error estimate obtained as an output from the Applanix system. Furthermore, a High-Definition map of the environment is used for the purpose of model validation, which justifies the use of RMS error estimate as an evaluation metric for the performance analysis tests. According to the performance tests carried out as per the conditions specified in this paper, the Real-time eXtended (RTX) position augmentation method enables to obtain a more robust position information of the vehicle than Real-time Kinematic (RTK) method, with a typical accuracy of a few centimeter in an urban environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aron Sommer
- Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Faculty of Information Technology, Dortmund University of Applied Science and Arts, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Atzmueller
- Semantic Information Systems Group, Osnabrück University, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DKFI), 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim E, Kim SK. Global Navigation Satellite System Real-Time Kinematic Positioning Framework for Precise Operation of a Swarm of Moving Vehicles. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7939. [PMID: 36298285 PMCID: PMC9611497 DOI: 10.3390/s22207939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time kinematic (RTK) technique is used to achieve relative positioning centimeter levels among multiple agents on the move. A typical GNSS RTK estimates the relative positions of multiple rover receivers with respect to a single-base receiver. In a fleet of rover GNSS receivers, this approach is inefficient because each rover receiver only uses GNSS measurements of its own and those sent from a single-base receiver. In this study, we propose a novel GNSS RTK framework that facilitates the precise positioning of a swarm of moving vehicles through the GNSS measurements of multiple receivers and broadcasts fixed-integer ambiguities of GNSS carrier phases. The proposed framework not only provides efficient RTK positioning but also reliable performance with a limited number of GNSS satellites in view. Our experimental flight tests with six GNSS receivers showed that the systematic procedure of the proposed framework could maintain lower than 6 cm of 3D RMS positioning errors, whereas the conventional RTK failed to resolve the correct integer ambiguities of double difference carrier phase measurements more than 13% in five out of nine total baselines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euiho Kim
- Department of Mechanical & System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
| | - Sae-kyeol Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dileep Kumar JS, Molotkov A, Carberry P, Chaly T, Neelamegam R, Mintz A. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of [ 11C]AG-488, a dual anti-angiogenetic and anti-tubulin PET ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128941. [PMID: 35964845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of antiangiogenic and cytotoxic agents show promising results in the treatment of cancer. However, there is a lack of single agent with both antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities for clinical application. AG-488 aka FLAG-003 is a novel ligand with established antiangiogenetic properties via activation of receptor thymidine kinase (RTK) and anti-tubulin properties in tumor cells. AG-488 is also reported to reduce tumor volume and prolong survival in preclinical animal models of glioblastoma multiforme, breast cancer and is in clinical stage. Higher expression of RTKs and tubulins is reported in various cancers. This study reveals the development of [11C]AG-488, a high affinity dual target inhibitor binding to RTK and anti-tubulin activities. We rationale that antiangiogenic RTK and anti-tubulin activity of [11C]AG-488 may enhance the tumor to tissue ratio, assisting in cancer drug development. [11C]AG-488 was synthesized in 35 ± 5 % radiochemical yield by radiomethylating the corresponding phenolate using [11C]CH3I. MicroPET studies in mice indicated blood-brain barrier penetration of [11C]AG-488 and retention in the brain. However, blocking studies with antitubulin and RTK agent HD-800 and microtubule depolymerizing agent MPC-6827 show increased binding of [11C]AG-488 in brain. The pattern of tracer binding in blocking conditions is similar to the baseline conditions. The higher binding may be due to the increased plasma uptake of radiotracer or the formation of more free tubulins due to microtubule dynamic instability during the blocking conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Dileep Kumar
- Area Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, USA.
| | - Andrei Molotkov
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Carberry
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Chaly
- Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, USA
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Steiner L, Studemann G, Grimm DE, Marty C, Leinss S. (Near) Real-Time Snow Water Equivalent Observation Using GNSS Refractometry and RTKLIB. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6918. [PMID: 36146259 PMCID: PMC9501566 DOI: 10.3390/s22186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) refractometry enables automated and continuous in situ snow water equivalent (SWE) observations. Such accurate and reliable in situ data are needed for calibration and validation of remote sensing data and could enhance snow hydrological monitoring and modeling. In contrast to previous studies which relied on post-processing with the highly sophisticated Bernese GNSS processing software, the feasibility of in situ SWE determination in post-processing and (near) real time using the open-source GNSS processing software RTKLIB and GNSS refractometry based on the biased coordinate Up component is investigated here. Available GNSS observations from a fixed, high-end GNSS refractometry snow monitoring setup in the Swiss Alps are reprocessed for the season 2016/17 to investigate the applicability of RTKLIB in post-processing. A fixed, low-cost setup provides continuous SWE estimates in near real time at a low cost for the complete 2021/22 season. Additionally, a mobile, (near) real-time and low-cost setup was designed and evaluated in March 2020. The fixed and mobile multi-frequency GNSS setups demonstrate the feasibility of (near) real-time SWE estimation using GNSS refractometry. Compared to state-of-the-art manual SWE observations, a mean relative bias below 5% is achieved for (near) real-time and post-processed SWE estimation using RTKLIB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ladina Steiner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Géraldine Studemann
- Institute of Geomatics, University of Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - David Eugen Grimm
- Institute of Geomatics, University of Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Marty
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohamed AR, El Kerdawy AM. A perspective study on the RTK, PI3K, B-Raf, CDK and the multi-protein targeting in medicinal chemistry. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200328. [PMID: 36066572 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cellular signaling pathway components that control the different stages of cell maturation such as RTK, PI3K, B-Raf, and CDK represent crucial antitumor drug targets. The isoform diversity of these components revealed multi-divergent vents for cancer cells to develop several resistance mechanisms against these new selective drug targets. This review article illustrates the complex nature of cancer, moreover, molecular tracing of tumor resistance towards certain signaling pathways was presented. Several crucial interventions in this regard for antitumor agents' development were pointed out. The antitumor activities of several cancer chemotherapies targeting kinases were also discussed with a special focus on the structural bases for the design of protein kinase inhibitors. Additionally, a focused literature survey about the various targeted multi-kinase inhibition approaches as a mean to overcome cancer resistance was also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Reda Mohamed
- Egyptian Russian University, pharmaceutical chemistry, Suez road, 11829, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, El Kasr El Aynee street, Cairo, EGYPT
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu Y, Du Z, Mou J, Qiu X, Chen J, Cai S, Ren D, Xiao F, Zhou G, Yuan C. The Functions of EphA1 receptor tyrosine kinase in Several Tumors. Curr Med Chem 2022; 30:2340-2353. [PMID: 35996244 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220820125638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eph receptors tyrosine kinase (RTK) were identified in 1987 from hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and were the largest known subfamily of RTK. Eph receptors can be divided into two categories, EphA and EphB, based on their structure and receptor-ligand specificity. EphA can be divided into 10 species (EphA 1-10), and EphB into 6 species (EphB1-6). Similarly, the ligands of Eph receptors are Ephrins. Ephrins also can be divided into Ephrin A and Ephrin B, of which there are five species(Ephrin-A1-5) and three species(Ephrin-B1-3). Among the Eph receptors, EphA1 has been the least studied so far. As far as we know, Eph receptors are involved with multiple pathologies, including cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis, intestinal environmental stability, the lymph node system, neurological disease, and inhibition of nerve regeneration after injury. There is a link between EphA1, integrin and ECM- related signal pathways. Ephrin-A1 is a ligand of the EphA1 receptor. EphA1 and ephrin-A1 functions are related to tumor angiogenesis. EphA1 and ephrin-A1 also play roles in gynecological diseases. Ephrin-A1 and EphA1 receptor regulate follicular formation, ovulation, embryo transport, implantation and placental formation, which are of great significance for the occurrence of gynecological tumor diseases. EphA1 has been identified as an oncoprotein in various tumors, and is associated with the prognosis of a variety of tumors in recent years. EphA1 is considered a driver gene in tumor genomics. There are significant differences in EphA1 expression levels in different types of normal tissues and tumors, and even in different stages of tumor development, suggesting its functional diversity. Changes at the gene level in cell biology are often used as biological indicators of cancer, known as biomarkers, which can be used to provide diagnostic or prognostic information and are valuable for improving the detection, monitoring and treatment of tumors. However, few prognostic markers can selectively predict clinically significant tumors with poor prognosis. These malignancies are more likely to progress and lead to death, requiring more aggressive treatment. Currently available treatments for advanced cancer are often ineffective, and treatment options are mainly palliative. Therefore, early identification and treatment of those at risk of developing malignant tumors are crucial. Although pieces of evidence have shown the role of EphA1 in tumorigenesis and development, its specific mechanism is still unknown to a great extent. OBJECTIVE This review reveals the changes and roles of EphA1 in many tumors and cancers. The change of EphA1 expression can be used as a biological marker of cancer, which is valuable for improving tumor detection, monitoring and treatment, and can be applied to imaging. Studies have shown that structural modification of EphA1 could make it an effective new drug. EphA1 is unique in that it can be considered a prognostic marker in many tumors and is of important meaning for clinical diagnosis and operative treatment. At the same time, the study of the specific mechanism of EphA1 in tumors can provide a new way for targeted therapy. METHODS Relevant studies were retrieved and collected through the PubMed system. After determining EphA1 as the research object, by analyzing research articles on EphA1 in the PubMed system in recent 10 years, we found that EphA1 was closely connected with the occurrence and development of tumors, and further determined the references according to the influencing factors for review and analysis. RESULTS EphA1 has been identified as a cancer protein in various tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer and uveal melanoma. EphA1 is abnormally expressed in these tumor cells, which mainly plays a role in cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis, intestinal environmental stability, the lymph node system, nervous system diseases and gynecological diseases. In a narrow sense, EphA1 is especially effective in breast cancer in terms of gynecological diseases. However, the specific mechanism of EphA1 leading to the change of cancer cells in some tumors is not clear, which needs further research and exploration. CONCLUSION RTK EphA1 can be used as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis (especially a prognostic marker), an indispensable therapeutic target for new anti-tumor therapies, and a novel anti-tumor drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zhuoying Du
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xinyan Qiu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Sanjin Cai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Dongming Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Fangxiang Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex autoimmune disease process. Orbital fibroblasts represent the central orbital immune target. Involvement of the TSH receptor (TSHR) in TED is not fully understood. IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) is overexpressed in several cell types in TED, including fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts. IGF-IR may form a physical and functional complex with TSHR. OBJECTIVE Review literature relevant to autoantibody generation in TED and whether these induce orbital fibroblast responses directly through TSHR, IGF-IR, or both. EVIDENCE IGF-IR has traditionally been considered a typical tyrosine kinase receptor in which tyrosine residues become phosphorylated following IGF-I binding. Evidence has emerged that IGF-IR possesses kinase-independent activities and can be considered a functional receptor tyrosine kinase/G-protein-coupled receptor hybrid, using the G-protein receptor kinase/β-arrestin system. Teprotumumab, a monoclonal IGF-IR antibody, effectively reduces TED disease activity, proptosis, and diplopia. In addition, the drug attenuates in vitro actions of both IGF-I and TSH in fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts, including induction of proinflammatory cytokines by TSH and TED IgGs. CONCLUSIONS Although teprotumumab has been proven effective and relatively safe in the treatment of TED, many questions remain pertaining to IGF-IR, its relationship with TSHR, and how the drug might be disrupting these receptor protein/protein interactions. Here, we propose 4 possible IGF-IR activation models that could underlie clinical responses to teprotumumab observed in patients with TED. Teprotumumab is associated with several adverse events, including hyperglycemia and hearing abnormalities. Underpinning mechanisms of these are being investigated. Patients undergoing treatment with drug must be monitored for these and managed with best medical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terry J Smith
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Correspondence: Joseph A.M.J.L. Janssen, MD, PhD, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pfeifer K, Wolfstetter G, Anthonydhason V, Masudi T, Arefin B, Bemark M, Mendoza-Garcia P, Palmer RH. Patient-associated mutations in Drosophila Alk perturb neuronal differentiation and promote survival. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049591. [PMID: 35972154 PMCID: PMC9403751 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations occur in pediatric neuroblastoma and are associated with poor prognosis. To study ALK-activating mutations in a genetically controllable system, we employed CRIPSR/Cas9, incorporating orthologs of the human oncogenic mutations ALKF1174L and ALKY1278S in the Drosophila Alk locus. AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant Drosophila exhibited enhanced Alk signaling phenotypes, but unexpectedly depended on the Jelly belly (Jeb) ligand for activation. Both AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant larval brains displayed hyperplasia, represented by increased numbers of Alk-positive neurons. Despite this hyperplasic phenotype, no brain tumors were observed in mutant animals. We showed that hyperplasia in Alk mutants was not caused by significantly increased rates of proliferation, but rather by decreased levels of apoptosis in the larval brain. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified perturbations during temporal fate specification in AlkY1355S mutant mushroom body lineages. These findings shed light on the role of Alk in neurodevelopmental processes and highlight the potential of Alk-activating mutations to perturb specification and promote survival in neuronal lineages. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Badrul Arefin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Everett T, Taylor T, Lee DK, Akos DM. Optimizing the Use of RTKLIB for Smartphone-Based GNSS Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3825. [PMID: 35632234 DOI: 10.3390/s22103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Google Smartphone Decimeter Challenge (GSDC) was a competition held in 2021, where data from a variety of instruments useful for determining a phone's position (signals from GPS satellites, accelerometer readings, gyroscope readings, etc.) using Android smartphones were provided to be processed/assessed in regard to the most accurate determination of the longitude and latitude of user positions. One of the tools that can be utilized to process the GNSS measurements is RTKLIB. RTKLIB is an open-source GNSS processing software tool that can be used with the GNSS measurements, including code, carrier, and doppler measurements, to provide real-time kinematic (RTK), precise point positioning (PPP), and post-processed kinematic (PPK) solutions. In the GSDC, we focused on the PPK capabilities of RTKLIB, as the challenge only required post-processing of past data. Although PPK positioning is expected to provide sub-meter level accuracies, the lower quality of the Android measurements compared to geodetic receivers makes this performance difficult to achieve consistently. Another latent issue is that the original RTKLIB created by Tomoji Takasu is aimed at commercial GNSS receivers rather than smartphones. Therefore, the performance of the original RTKLIB for the GSDC is limited. Consequently, adjustments to both the code-base and the default settings are suggested. When implemented, these changes allowed RTKLIB processing to score 5th place, based on the performance submissions of the prior GSDC competition. Detailed information on what was changed, and the steps to replicate the final results, are presented in the paper. Moreover, the updated code-base, with all the implemented changes, is provided in the public repository. This paper outlines a procedure to optimize the use of RTKLIB for Android smartphone measurements, highlighting the changes needed given the low-quality measurements from the mobile phone platform (relative to the survey grade GNSS receiver), which can be used as a basis point for further optimization for future GSDC competitions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in this pathology remains poorly clarified. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the RTK superfamily in the context of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS Statistical correlations for all RTK family members' expression to neuroblastoma patient survival across 10 independent patient cohorts were annotated, synthesized, and ranked using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. Gene expression of selected members across different cancer cell lines was further analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, part of the Cancer Dependency Map portal (depmap portal ( http://depmap.org )). Finally, we provide a detailed literature review for highly ranked candidates. RESULTS Our analysis defined two subsets of RTKs showing robust associations with either better or worse survival, constituting potential novel players in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. We review the available literature regarding the oncogenic functions of these RTKs, their roles in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, and potential utility as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic analysis and review of the RTK superfamily in neuroblastoma pathogenesis provides a new resource to guide the research community towards focused efforts investigating signaling pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma tumor establishment, growth, and/or aggressiveness and targeting these druggable molecules in novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Javier Rozen
- Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Jason Matthew Shohet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nemes K, Johann PD, Tüchert S, Melchior P, Vokuhl C, Siebert R, Furtwängler R, Frühwald MC. Current and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Extracranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:479-498. [PMID: 35173482 PMCID: PMC8841298 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (extracranial MRT) are rare, highly aggressive malignancies affecting mainly infants and children younger than 3 years. Common anatomic sites comprise the kidneys (RTK – rhabdoid tumor of kidney) and other soft tissues (eMRT – extracranial, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor). The genetic origin of these diseases is linked to biallelic pathogenic variants in the genes SMARCB1, or rarely SMARCA4, encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Even if extracranial MRT seem to be quite homogeneous, recent epigenome analyses reveal a certain degree of epigenetic heterogeneity. Use of intensified therapies has modestly improved survival for extracranial MRT. Patients at standard risk profit from conventional therapies; most high-risk patients still experience a dismal course and often therapy resistance. Discoveries of clinical and molecular hallmarks and the exploration of experimental therapeutic approaches open exciting perspectives for clinical and molecularly stratified experimental treatment approaches. To ultimately improve the outcome of patients with extracranial MRTs, they need to be characterized and stratified clinically and molecularly. High-risk patients need novel therapeutic approaches including selective experimental agents in phase I/II clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nemes
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Pascal D Johann
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tüchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Melchior
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rhoikos Furtwängler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pan Y, Han M, Zhang X, He Y, Yuan C, Xiong Y, Li X, Zeng C, Lu K, Zhu H, Lu X, Liu Q, Liang H, Liao Z, Ding Z, Zhang Z, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhang B. Discoidin domain receptor 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulation of SLC1A5 and the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:163-178. [PMID: 35089546 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high mortality rate. Receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers. Discoid protein domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a special type of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Here, we show that the expression of DDR1 is significantly increased in HCC and is related to a poor clinical prognosis. METHODS The expression of DDR1 in HCC cell lines and primary HCC specimens was evaluated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A correlation between DDR1 and SLC1A5 expression was also investigated in primary HCC specimens. Cell proliferation was evaluated using in vitro CCK8 and colony formation assays. Gene knock-down and overexpression assays, CHX, NH4CL and Mg132 interference tests and immunoprecipitation, as well as nude mouse xenograft models were used to assess the mechanism by which DDR1 promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that DDR1 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells and accelerates the growth of HCC tumor xenografts, while DDR1 downregulation had the opposite effect. We also found that loss or gain of DDR1 expression affected HCC cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, we found that DDR1 interacts with SLC1A5, which belongs to the solute carrier (SLC) family of transporters, and regulates its stability, thereby affecting the mTORC1 signaling pathway. In addition, we found that SLC1A5 regulation by DDR1 can be restored by lysosome inhibitors. We also found that DDR1 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and that increased DDR1 expression predicts a shorter overall survival (OS) time. We additionally found that the expression of SLC1A5 was positively correlated with that of DDR1. Together, our data indicate that DDR1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor that can control HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by stabilizing SLC1A5 in a lysosome-dependent way. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a new mechanism by which DDR1 plays a liver cancer-promoting role. We also found that DDR1 expression serves as an independent prognostic marker, and that DDR1 and SLC1A5 expression levels are positively correlated in clinical samples. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding HCC development and offers new targets for the treatment and management of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi He
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyi Yuan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixiao Xiong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenglong Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiumeng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanguang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhi J, Yi J, Hou X, Wang W, Yang W, Hu L, Huang J, Guo S, Ruan X, Gao M, Zheng X. Targeting SHP2 sensitizes differentiated thyroid carcinoma to the MEK inhibitor. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:247-264. [PMID: 35141016 PMCID: PMC8822290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic targeting of components of the MAPK/ERK pathway in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is often limited due to the development of adaptive resistance. However, the detailed mechanism of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) resistance is not fully understood. Here, MEKi-resistant models were constructed successfully, in which multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling pathways and Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) were activated in MEKi-resistant cells. Given the physiological role of SHP2 as the downstream target of many RTKs, we first found blockade of SHP2 enhanced the sensitivity to MEKi in constructed MEKi-resistant models. Interestingly, we also found that compared with MEKi treatment alone, MEKi in combination with an SHP2 inhibitor markedly suppressed the reactivation of the MEK/ERK pathway; thus, the addition of the SHP2 inhibitor significantly improved the antitumor effects of MEKi. The synergistic suppression of DTC upon treatment with both inhibitors was further confirmed in xenograft models and transgenic models. Thus, our data suggest that RTKs activation leads to reactivation of the MAPK pathway and resistance to MEKi in DTC, which is reversed by SHP2 blockade. As a novel active inhibitor of SHP2, SHP099 in combination with MEKi is a promising therapeutic approach for advanced DTC and MEKi-resistant one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Nankai District of Tianjin, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Key Clinical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Otolaryngology Clinical Quality Control CentreRehabilitation Road No. 24, Tianjin 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyu Yi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Nankai District of Tianjin, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Key Clinical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Otolaryngology Clinical Quality Control CentreRehabilitation Road No. 24, Tianjin 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Nankai District of Tianjin, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Key Clinical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Otolaryngology Clinical Quality Control CentreRehabilitation Road No. 24, Tianjin 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute10901 North, Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research InstituteMarshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical CenterNo. 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fang Y, Malik M, England SK, Imoukhuede PI. Absolute Quantification of Plasma Membrane Receptors Via Quantitative Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:61-77. [PMID: 35451749 PMCID: PMC9261967 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane receptors are transmembrane proteins that initiate cellular response following the binding of specific ligands (e.g., growth factors, hormones, and cytokines). The abundance of plasma membrane receptors can be a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in many human diseases. One of the best techniques for measuring plasma membrane receptors is quantitative flow cytometry (qFlow). qFlow employs fluorophore-conjugated antibodies against the receptors of interest and corresponding fluorophore-loaded calibration beads offers standardized and reproducible measurements of plasma membrane receptors. More importantly, qFlow can achieve absolute quantification of plasma membrane receptors when phycoerythrin (PE) is the fluorophore of choice. Here we describe a detailed qFlow protocol to obtain absolute receptor quantities on the basis of PE calibration. This protocol is foundational for many previous and ongoing studies in quantifying tyrosine kinase receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors with in vitro cell models and ex vivo cell samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manasi Malik
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah K England
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P I Imoukhuede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gerson-Gurwitz A, Young NP, Goel VK, Eam B, Stumpf CR, Chen J, Fish S, Barrera M, Sung E, Staunton J, Chiang GG, Webster KR, Thompson PA. Zotatifin, an eIF4A-Selective Inhibitor, Blocks Tumor Growth in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Driven Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766298. [PMID: 34900714 PMCID: PMC8663026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoprotein expression is controlled at the level of mRNA translation and is regulated by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex. eIF4A, a component of eIF4F, catalyzes the unwinding of secondary structure in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of mRNA to facilitate ribosome scanning and translation initiation. Zotatifin (eFT226) is a selective eIF4A inhibitor that increases the affinity between eIF4A and specific polypurine sequence motifs and has been reported to inhibit translation of driver oncogenes in models of lymphoma. Here we report the identification of zotatifin binding motifs in the 5'-UTRs of HER2 and FGFR1/2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs). Dysregulation of HER2 or FGFR1/2 in human cancers leads to activation of the PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK signaling pathways, thus enhancing eIF4A activity and promoting the translation of select oncogenes that are required for tumor cell growth and survival. In solid tumor models driven by alterations in HER2 or FGFR1/2, downregulation of oncoprotein expression by zotatifin induces sustained pathway-dependent anti-tumor activity resulting in potent inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and significant in vivo tumor growth inhibition or regression. Sensitivity of RTK-driven tumor models to zotatifin correlated with high basal levels of mTOR activity and elevated translational capacity highlighting the unique circuitry generated by the RTK-driven signaling pathway. This dependency identifies the potential for rational combination strategies aimed at vertical inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/eIF4F pathway. Combination of zotatifin with PI3K or AKT inhibitors was beneficial across RTK-driven cancer models by blocking RTK-driven resistance mechanisms demonstrating the clinical potential of these combination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Gerson-Gurwitz
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nathan P Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vikas K Goel
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Boreth Eam
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Craig R Stumpf
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Fish
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maria Barrera
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric Sung
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Staunton
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gary G Chiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kevin R Webster
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Peggy A Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Although targeted MAPK pathway inhibition has achieved remarkable patient responses in many cancers, the development of resistance has remained a critical challenge. Adaptive tumor response underlies the drug resistance. Furthermore, such bypass mechanisms often lead to the activation of many pro-survival kinases, which complicates the rational design of combination therapies. Here, we performed global tyrosine phosphoproteomic (pTyr) analyses and demonstrated that targeted MAPK signaling inhibition in melanoma leads to a profound remodeling of the pTyr proteome. Intriguingly, altered cholesterol metabolism might drive, in a coordinated fashion, the activation of these kinases. Indeed, we found an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in melanoma cells (with BRAFV600E mutations) and non-small cell lung cancer cells (with KRASG12C mutations) treated with MAPK and KRASG12C inhibitors, respectively. Importantly, depletion of cholesterol not only prevents the feedback activation of pTyr signaling but also enhances the cytotoxic effects of MAPK pathway inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that cholesterol contributes to the tumor adaptive response upon targeted MAPK pathway inhibitors. These results also suggest that MAPK pathway inhibitors could be combined with cholesterol-lowering agents to achieve a more complete and durable response in tumors with hyperactive MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| | - Chiho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| | - Smita Rindhe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390 Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kadeřábek J, Shapoval V, Matějka P, Kroulík M, Kumhála F. Comparison of Four RTK Receivers Operating in the Static and Dynamic Modes Using Measurement Robotic Arm. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21237794. [PMID: 34883796 PMCID: PMC8659645 DOI: 10.3390/s21237794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While the existing research provides a wealth of information about the static properties of RTK receivers, less is known about their dynamic properties, although it is clear that the vast majority of field operations take place when the machine is moving. A new method using a MRA for the evaluation of RTK receivers in movement with a precise circular reference trajectory (r = 3 m) was proposed. This reference method was developed with the greatest possible emphasis on the positional, time and repeatable accuracy of ground truth. Four phases of the measurement scenario (static, acceleration, uniform movement and deceleration) were used in order to compare four different types of RTK receiver horizontal operation accuracy over three measurement days. The worst result of one of the receivers was measured at SSR = 13.767% in dynamic movement. Since the same "low-cost" receiver without an INS unit had SSR = 98.14% in previous static measurements, so it can be assumed that the motion had a very significant effect on the dynamic properties of this receiver. On the other hand, the best "high-end" receiver with an INS unit had SSR = 96.938% during the dynamic testing scenarios. The median values of the deviations were always better during uniform movements than during acceleration or braking. In general, the positioning accuracy was worse in the dynamic mode than in the static one for all the receivers. Error indicators (RMSerr and Me) were found several times higher in the dynamic mode than in the static one. These facts should be considered in the future development of modern agricultural machinery and technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kadeřábek
- Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (M.K.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadym Shapoval
- Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Pavel Matějka
- Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Kroulík
- Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - František Kumhála
- Department of Agricultural Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (M.K.); (F.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xie X, Li M, Feng B, Li J, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Lu C. The Cellular Mechanisms of Dopamine Modulation on the Neuronal Network Oscillations in the CA3 Area of Rat Hippocampal Slices. Neuroscience 2021; 475:83-92. [PMID: 34534635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Network oscillations at γ frequency band (30-80 Hz), generated by the interaction between inhibitory interneurons and excitatory neurons, have been proposed to be associated with higher brain functions such as learning and memory. Dopamine (DA), one of the major CNS transmitters, modulates hippocampal γ oscillations but the intracellular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, we recorded kainate-induced γ oscillations in the CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices, and found that DA strongly enhanced γ power, which was largely blocked by dopamine receptor 1 (DR1) antagonist SCH23390, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor UNC569 and ERK inhibitor U0126, partially blocked by D2/3R antagonist raclopride, PKA inhibitor H89 and PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, but not affected by AKT inhibitor TCBN or NMDAR antagonist D-AP5. Our results indicate that DA-mediated γ enhancement is involved in the activation of signaling pathway of DR1/2-RTK-ERK. Our data demonstrate a strong, rapid modulation of DA on hippocampal γ oscillations and provide a new insight into cellular mechanisms of DA-mediated γ oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin'e Xie
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; The Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Mingcan Li
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bingyan Feng
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Junmei Li
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhongyu Sun
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Henan International-Joint Laboratory for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/The Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mazlan MZ, Mohamad I, Deris ZZ. Missed by RTK, caught by PCR, unimagined chest Radiograph. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:101194. [PMID: 34642642 PMCID: PMC8494617 DOI: 10.1016/j.visj.2021.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zulfakar Mazlan
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Department of Microbiology & Medical Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Broekman A, Gräbe PJ. A low-cost, mobile real-time kinematic geolocation service for engineering and research applications. HardwareX 2021; 10:e00203. [PMID: 35607668 PMCID: PMC9123378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Centimetre accurate geolocation service is beneficial to a wide range of applications, ranging from sports engineering, civil infrastructure, autonomous vehicles, surveying to digitisation of historically significant structures. Previously, these features were confined to prohibitively expensive commercial hardware, requiring technical knowledge and experience to operate. Continued technological advancements have seen the miniaturisation of electronics and antennas, coupled with an increase in the number and performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) by various nations and organisations, providing global signal coverage. This paper demonstrates a low-cost, mobile, real-time kinematic (RTK) geolocation service for engineering and research applications, fabricated from components readily available from commercial suppliers. This solution, consisting of a mobile RTK base station and RTK rover, provides centimetre-accuracy performance up to a distance of 15 km away from the base station. Correction data is transmitted over the internet using free and open software solutions. The small footprint of both the RTK base station and RTK rover, provides versatile applications even in remote locations. The performance of the geolocation service is validated using field experiments, comparing measurements against state-of-the-art photogrammetry, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and digital level measurement technologies. The authors encourage the adoption of the RTK geolocation solution based on the calibrated results.
Collapse
|
45
|
Santoni M, Iacovelli R, Colonna V, Klinz S, Mauri G, Nuti M. Antitumor effects of the multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib: a comprehensive review of the preclinical evidence. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1029-1054. [PMID: 34445927 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1919090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling contributes to tumorigenesis and suppression of immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits several RTKs involved in tumorigenesis, and is approved for the treatment of patients with progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, advanced renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma that has been previously treated with sorafenib. AREAS COVERED We present an up-to-date evaluation of preclinical evidence for RTK inhibition with cabozantinib, specifically VEGFR, MET, KIT, RET, AXL, FLT3, and associated antitumor effects. Preclinical investigations of cabozantinib in combination with other anticancer drugs are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical evidence shows that cabozantinib has antitumor activity against various cancer cells and exhibits synergy with other anticancer agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and hormone receptor or metabolic pathway inhibitors. Further optimization of cabozantinib treatment requires the identification of biomarkers of response and resistance, and exploration of complementary drug targets. Investigation of mechanisms of adaptive resistance, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (cancer intrinsic) and immunomodulation by the tumor microenvironment (cancer extrinsic), as well as identification of novel drug targets based on characterization of cancer stem cell metabolomic phenotypes, appear to be promising approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- MD, U.O.C. Medical Oncology, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncologist, Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Colonna
- Global Medical Development Director, Global Oncology R&D, Ipsen S.p.A., Milano, Italy
| | - Stephan Klinz
- Senior Director, Translational Medicine & Biomarkers, Ipsen, United States, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Mauri
- Medical Advisor Oncology, Ipsen S.p.A., Milano, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Professor, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Whiteaker JR, Sharma K, Hoffman MA, Kuhn E, Zhao L, Cocco AR, Schoenherr RM, Kennedy JJ, Voytovich U, Lin C, Fang B, Bowers K, Whiteley G, Colantonio S, Bocik W, Roberts R, Hiltke T, Boja E, Rodriguez H, McCormick F, Holderfield M, Carr SA, Koomen JM, Paulovich AG. Targeted mass spectrometry-based assays enable multiplex quantification of receptor tyrosine kinase, MAP Kinase, and AKT signaling. Cell Rep Methods 2021; 1:100015. [PMID: 34671754 PMCID: PMC8525888 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A primary goal of the US National Cancer Institute's Ras initiative at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research is to develop methods to quantify RAS signaling to facilitate development of novel cancer therapeutics. We use targeted proteomics technologies to develop a community resource consisting of 256 validated multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based, multiplexed assays for quantifying protein expression and phosphorylation through the receptor tyrosine kinase, MAPK, and AKT signaling networks. As proof of concept, we quantify the response of melanoma (A375 and SK-MEL-2) and colorectal cancer (HCT-116 and HT-29) cell lines to BRAF inhibition by PLX-4720. These assays replace over 60 Western blots with quantitative mass spectrometry-based assays of high molecular specificity and quantitative precision, showing the value of these methods for pharmacodynamic measurements and mechanism of action studies. Methods, fit-for-purpose validation, and results are publicly available as a resource for the community at assays.cancer.gov. MOTIVATION A lack of quantitative, multiplexable assays for phosphosignaling limits comprehensive investigation of aberrant signaling in cancer and evaluation of novel treatments. To alleviate this limitation, we sought to develop assays using targeted mass spectrometry for quantifying protein expression and phosphorylation through the receptor tyrosine kinase, MAPK, and AKT signaling networks. The resulting assays provide a resource for replacing over 60 Western blots in examining cancer signaling and tumor biology with high molecular specificity and quantitative rigor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Whiteaker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kanika Sharma
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Melissa A. Hoffman
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Department of Molecular Oncology, and Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric Kuhn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexandra R. Cocco
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Regine M. Schoenherr
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob J. Kennedy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulianna Voytovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chenwei Lin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Department of Molecular Oncology, and Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kiah Bowers
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Department of Molecular Oncology, and Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gordon Whiteley
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biochemical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ATRF, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Simona Colantonio
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biochemical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ATRF, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - William Bocik
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biochemical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ATRF, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rhonda Roberts
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biochemical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ATRF, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew Holderfield
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John M. Koomen
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Department of Molecular Oncology, and Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amanda G. Paulovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ledoux J, Trouvé A, Tchertanov L. Folding and Intrinsic Disorder of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase KIT Insert Domain Seen by Conventional Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147375. [PMID: 34298994 PMCID: PMC8307779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase insert domain (KID) of RTK KIT is the key recruitment region for downstream signalling proteins. KID, studied by molecular dynamics simulations as a cleaved polypeptide and as a native domain fused to KIT, showed intrinsic disorder represented by a set of heterogeneous conformations. The accurate atomistic models showed that the helical fold of KID is mainly sequence dependent. However, the reduced fold of the native KID suggests that its folding is allosterically controlled by the kinase domain. The tertiary structure of KID represents a compact array of highly variable α- and 310-helices linked by flexible loops playing a principal role in the conformational diversity. The helically folded KID retains a collapsed globule-like shape due to non-covalent interactions associated in a ternary hydrophobic core. The free energy landscapes constructed from first principles-the size, the measure of the average distance between the conformations, the amount of helices and the solvent-accessible surface area-describe the KID disorder through a collection of minima (wells), providing a direct evaluation of conformational ensembles. We found that the cleaved KID simulated with restricted N- and C-ends better reproduces the native KID than the isolated polypeptide. We suggest that a cyclic, generic KID would be best suited for future studies of KID f post-transduction effects.
Collapse
|
48
|
Pudewell S, Ahmadian MR. Spotlight on Accessory Proteins: RTK-RAS-MAPK Modulators as New Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060895. [PMID: 34208655 PMCID: PMC8234298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTK-RAS-MAPK axis is one of the most extensively studied signaling cascades and is related to the development of both cancers and RASopathies. In the last 30 years, many ideas and approaches have emerged for directly targeting constituent members of this cascade, predominantly in the context of cancer treatment. These approaches are still insufficient due to undesirable drug toxicity, resistance, and low efficacy. Significant advances have been made in understanding the spatiotemporal features of the constituent members of the RTK-RAS-MAPK axis, which are linked and modulated by many accessory proteins. Given that the majority of such modulators are now emerging as attractive therapeutic targets, a very small number of accessory inhibitors have yet to be discovered.
Collapse
|
49
|
Famiglietti NA, Cecere G, Grasso C, Memmolo A, Vicari A. A Test on the Potential of a Low Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle RTK/PPK Solution for Precision Positioning. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21113882. [PMID: 34199821 PMCID: PMC8200111 DOI: 10.3390/s21113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the achievable accuracy from a low-cost RTK (Real Time Kinematic)/PPK (Post Processing Kinematic) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) system installed on board a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), employing three different types of GNSS Bases (Alloy, RS2 and RING) working in PPK mode. To evaluate the quality of the results, a set of seven GCPs (Ground Control Points) measured by means of the NRTK (Network Real Time Kinematic) technique was used. The outcomes show a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 0.0189 m for an ALLOY Base, 0.0194 m for an RS2 Base and 0.0511 m for RING Base, respectively, on the vertical value of DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) obtained by a photogrammetric process. This indicates that, when changing the Base for the PPK, the solutions are different, but they can still be considered adequate for precision positioning with UAVs, especially when GCPs could be used with some difficulty. Therefore, the integration of a RTK/PPK GNSS module on a UAV allows the reconstruction of a highly detailed and precise DEM without using GCPs and provides the possibility to carry out surveys in inaccessible areas.
Collapse
|
50
|
Michniewicz F, Saletta F, Rouaen JRC, Hewavisenti RV, Mercatelli D, Cirillo G, Giorgi FM, Trahair T, Ziegler D, Vittorio O. Copper: An Intracellular Achilles' Heel Allowing the Targeting of Epigenetics, Kinase Pathways, and Cell Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2315-2329. [PMID: 33890721 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential transition metal frequently increased in cancer known to strongly influence essential cellular processes. Targeted therapy protocols utilizing both novel and repurposed drug agents initially demonstrate strong efficacy, before failing in advanced cancers as drug resistance develops and relapse occurs. Overcoming this limitation involves the development of strategies and protocols aimed at a wider targeting of the underlying molecular changes. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase signaling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and cell metabolism are among the most common therapeutic targets, with molecular investigations increasingly demonstrating the strong influence each mechanism exerts on the others. Interestingly, all these mechanisms can be influenced by intracellular copper. We propose that copper chelating agents, already in clinical trial for multiple cancers, may simultaneously target these mechanisms across a wide variety of cancers, serving as an excellent candidate for targeted combination therapy. This review summarizes the known links between these mechanisms, copper, and copper chelation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Michniewicz
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rehana V Hewavisenti
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Toby Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|