1
|
Louch G, Berzins K, Walker L, Wormald G, Blackwell K, Stephens M, Brown M, Baker J. Promoting a Patient-Centered Understanding of Safety in Acute Mental Health Wards: A User-Centered Design Approach to Develop a Real-Time Digital Monitoring Tool. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53726. [PMID: 38607663 DOI: 10.2196/53726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mental health services report high levels of safety incidents that involve both patients and staff. The potential for patients to be involved in interventions to improve safety within a mental health setting is acknowledged, and there is a need for interventions that proactively seek the patient perspective of safety. Digital technologies may offer opportunities to address this need. OBJECTIVE This research sought to design and develop a digital real-time monitoring tool (WardSonar) to collect and collate daily information from patients in acute mental health wards about their perceptions of safety. We present the design and development process and underpinning logic model and programme theory. METHODS The first stage involved a synthesis of the findings from a systematic review and evidence scan, interviews with patients (n=8) and health professionals (n=17), and stakeholder engagement. Cycles of design activities and discussion followed with patients, staff, and stakeholder groups, to design and develop the prototype tool. RESULTS We drew on patient safety theory and the concepts of contagion and milieu. The data synthesis, design, and development process resulted in three prototype components of the digital monitoring tool (WardSonar): (1) a patient recording interface that asks patients to input their perceptions into a tablet computer, to assess how the ward feels and whether the direction is changing, that is, "getting worse" or "getting better"; (2) a staff dashboard and functionality to interrogate the data at different levels; and (3) a public-facing ward interface. The technology is available as open-source code. CONCLUSIONS Recent patient safety policy and research priorities encourage innovative approaches to measuring and monitoring safety. We developed a digital real-time monitoring tool to collect information from patients in acute mental health wards about perceived safety, to support staff to respond and intervene to changes in the clinical environment more proactively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Louch
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Berzins
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Applied Health Research Hub, Implementation and Capacity Building Team, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Walker
- School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Wormald
- Thrive by Design, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin Blackwell
- Thrive by Design, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Brown
- Social Spider CIC, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Baker
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adanyeguh IM, Bikkamane Jayadev N, Henry PG, Deelchand DK. Fast high-resolution prospective motion correction for single-voxel spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1301-1313. [PMID: 38084392 PMCID: PMC10872424 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a fast high-resolution image-based motion correction method using spiral navigators with multislice-to-volume registration. METHODS A semi-LASER sequence was modified to include a multislice spiral navigator for prospective motion correction (∼305 ms including acquisition, processing, and feedback) as well as shim and frequency navigators for prospective shim and frequency correction (∼100 ms for each). MR spectra were obtained in the prefrontal cortex in five healthy subjects at 3 T with and without prospective motion and shim correction. The effect of key navigator parameters (number of slices, image resolution, and excitation flip angle) on registration accuracy was assessed using simulations. RESULTS Without prospective motion and shim correction, spectral quality degraded significantly in the presence of voluntary motion. In contrast, with prospective motion and shim correction, spectral quality was improved (metabolite linewidth = 6.7 ± 0.6 Hz, SNR= 67 ± 9) and in good agreement with baseline data without motion (metabolite linewidth = 6.9 ± 0.9 Hz, SNR = 73 ± 9). In addition, there was no significant difference in metabolites concentrations measured without motion and with prospective motion and shim correction in the presence of motion. Simulations showed that the registration precision was comparable when using three navigator slices with 3 mm resolution and when using the entire volume (all slices) with 8 mm resolution. CONCLUSION The proposed motion correction scheme allows fast and precise prospective motion and shim correction for single-voxel spectroscopy at 3 T. With 3 mm resolution, only a few navigator slices are necessary to achieve excellent motion correction performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Adanyeguh
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nutandev Bikkamane Jayadev
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson M, Hodges A, Luk KC, Olivo A, Forberg K, Meyer TV, Strobel C, Kim M, Toolsie D, Moore NM, Goldstein Y, Rodgers M, Lucic D, Cloherty G. Development and Validation of Three Automated High-Throughput Molecular Tests to Detect Monkeypox Virus Infections. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S137-S143. [PMID: 37739785 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2022 outbreak of the clade IIb monkeypox virus and subsequent global spread lead to an urgent need for the development of high-throughput, sensitive, and reproducible diagnostic tests. METHODS We developed 3 assays to detect monkeypox virus, 2 (MPXV+ and MPXV) for m2000 RealTime and 1 (MPXV) for Alinity m platforms. Dual targets in E9L and B6R (MPXV+) and J2L and B7R (MPXV) increased mutation resistance. In silico prediction indicates MPXV+ cross-reactivity with orthopox viruses and specific monkeypox virus detection with MPXV. RESULTS m2000 RealTime MPXV+ and MPXV assay sensitivity was determined to be 3.2 plaque-forming units/mL using a reference virus culture diluted into universal transport medium (UTM). Alinity m MPXV lower limit of detection was 200 copies/mL using monkeypox virus plasmids in pooled UTM matrix. m2000 RealTime MPXV+ and MPXV assays were validated with lesion swabs in UTM and 1:1 saliva to UTM mixtures. Commercially available and remnant clinical lesion specimens in UTM were tested with RealTime MPXV+, RealTime MPXV and Alinity m MPXV assays and demonstrated high agreement to known mpox (MPX)-positive specimens. CONCLUSIONS RealTime MPXV+, RealTime MPXV, and Alinity MPXV are high throughput and sensitive assays used for the detection of monkeypox virus. These assays maybe useful during MPX outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anderson
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Austin Hodges
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ka-Cheung Luk
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana Olivo
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenn Forberg
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Todd V Meyer
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolyn Strobel
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Kim
- Abbott Molecular Diagnostics, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan Toolsie
- Abbott Molecular Diagnostics, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Mary Rodgers
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Danijela Lucic
- Abbott Molecular Diagnostics, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Gavin Cloherty
- Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demory B, Echeveria L, Tolfa C, Harrison S, Khitrov V, Chang ASP, Bond T. Real-Time Tracking of Carbon Dioxide Concentration Using an Optical Microsphere Resonator Sensor. Appl Spectrosc 2024:37028241228883. [PMID: 38356251 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241228883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode resonator sensors are nondisruptive optical sensors that can detect and monitor perturbations in a gaseous environment. Through its resonant properties of peak wavelength, amplitude, and quality factor (Q factor), changes in concentration can be quantified within seconds and monitored over days with great stability. In addition, the small footprint, low cost, and high sensitivity are ideal properties for a disposable sensor that can be utilized in extreme environments. The large Q factor of the resonant cavity enables long interaction lengths and amplifies the effect of small changes in the background refractive index, which is detectable in picometer shifts of the resonance wavelength. However, this measurement is susceptible to changes in other environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity, which manifest on the picometer wavelength scale, reinforcing the need to decouple the variables. In this work, we compare the spectral response of different diameter resonators to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and its mixtures, observing the spectral shifting and broadening of the cavity resonance near 1550 nm. In addition, the effect of environmental temperature on spectral shifting due to the thermo-optic effect is characterized and quantified. Lastly, the gas concentrations are changed in real time to showcase the tracking and recovery capabilities of the resonator sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Demory
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Logan Echeveria
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Christian Tolfa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Sara Harrison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Victor Khitrov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Allan S P Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Tiziana Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abe K, Nishi H, Okamoto K, Yokoyama H, Arai H, Yaku H, Takanashi S, Takemura H, Asai T, Park YK. A Novel Method of Real-Time Assessment for Coronary Artery Anastomosis Skill. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 30:23-00089. [PMID: 37779088 PMCID: PMC10902660 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.23-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary anastomosis is the most key factor to accomplish coronary artery bypass grafting, which is one of the largest areas in cardiovascular surgery. Although we have organized on-site simulator training courses of coronary anastomosis using BEAT YOUCAN, it became difficult to continue it because of COVID-19. Therefore, we established a real-time evaluation sheet instead of an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) evaluation sheet. The purposes of this study was to develop the real-time assessment system and to prove the correlation between the score obtained by the OSATS and the score obtained by the real-time evaluation system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 22 videos from the qualifying round of real-time coronary anastomosis competition evaluated by both the modified OSATS and the real-time evaluation system were utilized in this study. The global rating score of OSATS was compared with the global rating score of real-time evaluation system. RESULTS When examined the relationship between the OSATS total score and the real-time total score, there was a significant correlation (R = 0.752, p <0.001). The OSATS general definition score and the real-time total score also showed a strong correlation (R = 0.733, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We developed a real-time assessment sheet to evaluate coronary anastomosis. This assessment sheet had a good correlation with the OSATS evaluation sheet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokushin General Hospital, Nakano, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Takanashi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kawasaki Heart Center, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Asai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Young-Kwang Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huillcen Baca HA, Palomino Valdivia FDL, Gutierrez Caceres JC. Efficient Human Violence Recognition for Surveillance in Real Time. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 38276360 PMCID: PMC10818792 DOI: 10.3390/s24020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human violence recognition is an area of great interest in the scientific community due to its broad spectrum of applications, especially in video surveillance systems, because detecting violence in real time can prevent criminal acts and save lives. The majority of existing proposals and studies focus on result precision, neglecting efficiency and practical implementations. Thus, in this work, we propose a model that is effective and efficient in recognizing human violence in real time. The proposed model consists of three modules: the Spatial Motion Extractor (SME) module, which extracts regions of interest from a frame; the Short Temporal Extractor (STE) module, which extracts temporal characteristics of rapid movements; and the Global Temporal Extractor (GTE) module, which is responsible for identifying long-lasting temporal features and fine-tuning the model. The proposal was evaluated for its efficiency, effectiveness, and ability to operate in real time. The results obtained on the Hockey, Movies, and RWF-2000 datasets demonstrated that this approach is highly efficient compared to various alternatives. In addition, the VioPeru dataset was created, which contains violent and non-violent videos captured by real video surveillance cameras in Peru, to validate the real-time applicability of the model. When tested on this dataset, the effectiveness of our model was superior to the best existing models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herwin Alayn Huillcen Baca
- Academic Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Professional School of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jose Maria Arguedas National University, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Flor de Luz Palomino Valdivia
- Academic Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Professional School of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jose Maria Arguedas National University, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Juan Carlos Gutierrez Caceres
- Academic Department of Systems and Informatics Engineering, Professional School of Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Services Engineering, San Agustin of Arequipa National University, Arequipa 04001, Peru;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vidya Shankar R, Huang L, Neji R, Kowalik G, Neofytou AP, Mooiweer R, Moon T, Mellor N, Razavi R, Pushparajah K, Roujol S. Real-time automatic image-based slice tracking of gadolinium-filled balloon wedge catheter during MR-guided cardiac catheterization: A proof-of-concept study. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:388-397. [PMID: 37676923 PMCID: PMC10952810 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MR-guided cardiac catheterization procedures currently use passive tracking approaches to follow a gadolinium-filled catheter balloon during catheter navigation. This requires frequent manual tracking and repositioning of the imaging slice during navigation. In this study, a novel framework for automatic real-time catheter tracking during MR-guided cardiac catheterization is presented. METHODS The proposed framework includes two imaging modes (Calibration and Runtime). The sequence starts in Calibration mode, in which the 3D catheter coordinates are determined using a stack of 10-20 contiguous saturated slices combined with real-time image processing. The sequence then automatically switches to Runtime mode, where three contiguous slices (acquired with partial saturation), initially centered on the catheter balloon using the Calibration feedback, are acquired continuously. The 3D catheter balloon coordinates are estimated in real time from each Runtime slice stack using image processing. Each Runtime stack is repositioned to maintain the catheter balloon in the central slice based on the prior Runtime feedback. The sequence switches back to Calibration mode if the catheter is not detected. This framework was evaluated in a heart phantom and 3 patients undergoing MR-guided cardiac catheterization. Catheter detection accuracy and rate of catheter visibility were evaluated. RESULTS The automatic detection accuracy for the catheter balloon during the Calibration/Runtime mode was 100%/95% in phantom and 100%/97 ± 3% in patients. During Runtime, the catheter was visible in 82% and 98 ± 2% of the real-time measurements in the phantom and patients, respectively. CONCLUSION The proposed framework enabled real-time continuous automatic tracking of a gadolinium-filled catheter balloon during MR-guided cardiac catheterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Vidya Shankar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Li Huang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Radhouene Neji
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare LimitedCamberleyUK
| | - Grzegorz Kowalik
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexander Paul Neofytou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ronald Mooiweer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare LimitedCamberleyUK
| | - Tracy Moon
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Nina Mellor
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Reza Razavi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madhuvilakku R, Hong Y, Nila IS, Villagra Moran VM, Subramanian P, Khan ZA, Jeong S, You SG. Quantification of Neuronal Cell-Released Hydrogen Peroxide Using 3D Mesoporous Copper-Enriched Prussian Blue Microcubes Nanozymes: A Colorimetric Approach in Real Time and Anticancer Effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:55466-55485. [PMID: 37991753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness and selectivity of natural enzymes, their instability has paved the way for developing nanozymes with high peroxidase activity using a straightforward technique, thereby expanding their potential for multifunctional applications. Herein, meso-copper-Prussian blue microcubes (Meso-Cu-PBMCs) nanozymes were successfully prepared via a cost-effective hydrothermal route. It was found that the Cu-PBMCs nanozymes, with three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous cubic morphologies, exhibited an excellent peroxidase-like property. Based on the high affinity of Meso-Cu-PBMCs toward H2O2 (Km = 0.226 μM) and TMB (Km = 0.407 mM), a colorimetric sensor for in situ H2O2 detection was constructed. On account of the high catalytic activity, affinity, and cascade strategy, the Meso-Cu-PBMCs nanozyme generated rapid multicolor displays at varying H2O2 concentrations. Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor exhibits a preferable sensitivity of 18.14 μA μM-1, a linear range of 10 nM-25 mM, and a detection limit of 6.36 nM (S/N = 10). The reliability of the sensor was verified by detecting H2O2 in spiked human blood serum and milk samples, as well as by detecting in situ H2O2 generated from the neuron cell SH-SY5Y. Besides, the Meso-Cu-PBMCs nanozyme facilitated the catalysis of H2O2 in cancer cells, generating •OH radicals that induce the death of cancer cells (HCT-116 colon cancer cells), which holds substantial potential for application in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). This proposed strategy holds promise for simple, rapid, inexpensive, and effective intracellular biosensing and offers a novel approach to improve CDT efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Madhuvilakku
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Irin Sultana Nila
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Vanina Myuriel Villagra Moran
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanisamy Subramanian
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Jeong
- Department of Medical Information Technology, College of Bio Nano Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guan You
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bai Y, Henry J, Cheng E, Perry S, Mawdsley D, Wong BBM, Kaslin J, Wlodkowic D. Toward Real-Time Animal Tracking with Integrated Stimulus Control for Automated Conditioning in Aquatic Eco-Neurotoxicology. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19453-19462. [PMID: 37956114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic eco-neurotoxicology is an emerging field that requires new analytical systems to study the effects of pollutants on animal behaviors. This is especially true if we are to gain insights into one of the least studied aspects: the potential perturbations that neurotoxicants can have on cognitive behaviors. The paucity of experimental data is partly caused by a lack of low-cost technologies for the analysis of higher-level neurological functions (e.g., associative learning) in small aquatic organisms. Here, we present a proof-of-concept prototype that utilizes a new real-time animal tracking software for on-the-fly video analysis and closed-loop, external hardware communications to deliver stimuli based on specific behaviors in aquatic organisms, spanning three animal phyla: chordates (fish, frog), platyhelminthes (flatworm), and arthropods (crustacean). The system's open-source software features an intuitive graphical user interface and advanced adaptive threshold-based image segmentation for precise animal detection. We demonstrate the precision of animal tracking across multiple aquatic species with varying modes of locomotion. The presented technology interfaces easily with low-cost and open-source hardware such as the Arduino microcontroller family for closed-loop stimuli control. The new system has potential future applications in eco-neurotoxicology, where it could enable new opportunities for cognitive research in diverse small aquatic model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Bai
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jason Henry
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Eva Cheng
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stuart Perry
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David Mawdsley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Roh H, Jung K. Cluster-Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol for Real-Time and Reliable Packet Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8876. [PMID: 37960575 PMCID: PMC10649080 DOI: 10.3390/s23218876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Multipath routing protocol, which is one of the typical schemes to improve end-to-end transmission success ratio in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), exploits two or more paths. However, collisions and interference might occur when each path is adjacent. To prevent this problem, they construct node- or link-disjointed paths. Although the paths could prevent the above-mentioned problem, it still has an issue in the area of time delay. To exploit the disjointed paths, pre-path construction is required. In addition, a lot of time is incurred to recover the whole path when the part of the path is damaged. This phenomenon adversely affects the end-to-end transmission success ratio and transmission time. To alleviate this problem, we propose a cluster-disjoint multipath routing protocol. The proposed scheme divides the whole network into grid clusters of a certain size in the network initialization phase. Each sensor could transmit packets through the pre-constructed cluster structure without the path construction phase. Also, even if any node fails, it could be easily replaced by other nodes within the cluster region. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an advantage in terms of transmission delay and end-to-end transmission success ratio compared to existing multipath routing protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangdae Kim
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hakgyun Roh
- Department of Fintech, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34519, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwansoo Jung
- Department of Fintech, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34519, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gong EJ, Bang CS, Lee JJ, Jeong HM, Baik GH, Jeong JH, Dick S, Lee GH. Clinical Decision Support System for All Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Real-Time Endoscopy: Model Establishment and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e50448. [PMID: 37902818 PMCID: PMC10644184 DOI: 10.2196/50448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our research group previously established a deep-learning-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for real-time endoscopy-based detection and classification of gastric neoplasms. However, preneoplastic conditions, such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were not taken into account, and there is no established model that classifies all stages of gastric carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE This study aims to build and validate a CDSS for real-time endoscopy for all stages of gastric carcinogenesis, including atrophy and IM. METHODS A total of 11,868 endoscopic images were used for training and internal testing. The primary outcomes were lesion classification accuracy (6 classes: advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer, dysplasia, atrophy, IM, and normal) and atrophy and IM lesion segmentation rates for the segmentation model. The following tests were carried out to validate the performance of lesion classification accuracy: (1) external testing using 1282 images from another institution and (2) evaluation of the classification accuracy of atrophy and IM in real-world procedures in a prospective manner. To estimate the clinical utility, 2 experienced endoscopists were invited to perform a blind test with the same data set. A CDSS was constructed by combining the established 6-class lesion classification model and the preneoplastic lesion segmentation model with the previously established lesion detection model. RESULTS The overall lesion classification accuracy (95% CI) was 90.3% (89%-91.6%) in the internal test. For the performance validation, the CDSS achieved 85.3% (83.4%-97.2%) overall accuracy. The per-class external test accuracies for atrophy and IM were 95.3% (92.6%-98%) and 89.3% (85.4%-93.2%), respectively. CDSS-assisted endoscopy showed an accuracy of 92.1% (88.8%-95.4%) for atrophy and 95.5% (92%-99%) for IM in the real-world application of 522 consecutive screening endoscopies. There was no significant difference in the overall accuracy between the invited endoscopists and established CDSS in the prospective real-clinic evaluation (P=.23). The CDSS demonstrated a segmentation rate of 93.4% (95% CI 92.4%-94.4%) for atrophy or IM lesion segmentation in the internal testing. CONCLUSIONS The CDSS achieved high performance in terms of computer-aided diagnosis of all stages of gastric carcinogenesis and demonstrated real-world application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vos-Draper TL, Morrow MMB, Ferguson JE, Mathiowetz VG. Effects of Real-Time Pressure Map Feedback on Confidence in Pressure Management in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Intervention Study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 10:e49813. [PMID: 37824188 PMCID: PMC10603555 DOI: 10.2196/49813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are at a high risk for developing pressure injuries (PIs). Performing weight shifts is a primary method of pressure management for PI prevention; however, individuals with SCI may lack confidence in their abilities to perform adequate pressure relief due to their lack of sensation. Real-time seat interface pressure mapping feedback may provide partial substitution for sensory feedback such that an individual's confidence is improved. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine how confidence for pressure management by wheelchair users with SCI was impacted by providing access to real-time, on-demand seat interface pressure mapping feedback. METHODS Adults with SCI (N=23) completed self-efficacy questions addressing confidence around 4 factors related to performing weight shifts in this longitudinal, repeated-measures study. We evaluated the impact of providing standard PI prevention education and access to live pressure map feedback on confidence levels for performing weight shifts. RESULTS Access to live pressure map feedback while learning how to perform weight shifts resulted in significantly higher confidence about moving far enough to relieve pressure at high-risk areas. Confidence for adhering to the recommended weight shift frequency and duration was not significantly impacted by in-clinic education or use of pressure map feedback. Confidence that performing weight shifts reduces PI risk increased most following education, with slight additional increase when pressure map feedback was added. CONCLUSIONS Access to live pressure mapping feedback improves confidence about performing weight shifts that relieve pressure when provided in the clinical setting and demonstrates potential for the same in the home. This preliminary exploration of a smartphone-based pressure mapping intervention highlights the value of access to continuous pressure mapping feedback to improve awareness and confidence for managing pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03987243; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03987243.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Vos-Draper
- Center for Allied Health Professions, Program in Occupational Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Melissa M B Morrow
- School of Health Professions, Center for Health Promotion, Performance, and Rehabilitation Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - John E Ferguson
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Virgil G Mathiowetz
- Center for Allied Health Professions, Program in Occupational Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lou A, Tawfik K, Yao X, Liu Z, Noble J. Min-Max Similarity: A Contrastive Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Network for Surgical Tools Segmentation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2023; 42:2832-2841. [PMID: 37037256 PMCID: PMC10597739 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3266137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A common problem with segmentation of medical images using neural networks is the difficulty to obtain a significant number of pixel-level annotated data for training. To address this issue, we proposed a semi-supervised segmentation network based on contrastive learning. In contrast to the previous state-of-the-art, we introduce Min-Max Similarity (MMS), a contrastive learning form of dual-view training by employing classifiers and projectors to build all-negative, and positive and negative feature pairs, respectively, to formulate the learning as solving a MMS problem. The all-negative pairs are used to supervise the networks learning from different views and to capture general features, and the consistency of unlabeled predictions is measured by pixel-wise contrastive loss between positive and negative pairs. To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate our proposed method, we test it on four public endoscopy surgical tool segmentation datasets and one cochlear implant surgery dataset, which we manually annotated. Results indicate that our proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art semi-supervised and fully supervised segmentation algorithms. And our semi-supervised segmentation algorithm can successfully recognize unknown surgical tools and provide good predictions. Also, our MMS approach could achieve inference speeds of about 40 frames per second (fps) and is suitable to deal with the real-time video segmentation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamid NA, Hong JGS, Hamdan M, Vallikkannu N, Adlan AS, Tan PC. Real-time imaging as visual biofeedback in active second stage of labor among nulliparas: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:443.e1-443.e9. [PMID: 37207931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prolonged second stage of labor increases the risk of severe perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, operative delivery, and poor Apgar score. The second stage is longer in nulliparas. Maternal pushing during the second stage of labor is an important contributor to the involuntary expulsive force developed by uterine contraction to deliver the fetus. Preliminary data indicate that visual biofeedback during the active second stage hastens birth. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate if visual feedback focusing on the perineum reduced the length of the active second stage of labor in comparison with the control. STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the University Malaya Medical Centre from December 2021 to August 2022. Nulliparous women about to commence the active second stage, at term, with singleton gestation, reassuring fetal status, and no contraindication for vaginal delivery were randomized to live viewing of the maternal introitus (intervention) or maternal face (sham/placebo control) as visual biofeedback during their pushing. A video camera Bluetooth-linked to a tablet computer display screen was used; in the intervention arm, the camera was focused on the introitus, and in the control arm, on the maternal face. Participants were instructed to watch the display screen during their pushing. The primary outcomes were the intervention-to-delivery interval and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience assessed using a 0-to-10 visual numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, perineal injury, delivery blood loss, birthweight, umbilical cord arterial blood pH and base excess at birth, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Data were analyzed with the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test, as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 230 women were randomized (115 to intervention and 115 to control arm). The active second stage duration (intervention-to-delivery interval) was a median (interquartile range) of 16 (11-23) and 17 (12-31) minutes (P=.289), and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience was 9 (8-10) and 7 (6-7) (P<.001) for the intervention and control arm, respectively. Women randomized to the intervention arm were more likely to agree to recommend their management to a friend (88/115 [76.5%] vs 39/115 [33.9%]; relative risk, 2.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.72-2.97]; P<.001) and more likely to have less severe perineal injury (P=.018). CONCLUSION Real-time viewing of the maternal introitus as visual biofeedback during pushing resulted in higher maternal satisfaction compared with the sham control of viewing the maternal face; however, the time to delivery was not significantly shortened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ashikin Hamid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jesrine Gek Shan Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mukhri Hamdan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narayanan Vallikkannu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aizura Syafinaz Adlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peng Chiong Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
For the long-time tracking of biological events, maintaining the bioactivity of the analytes during the detection process is essential. Here, we show a versatile surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) platform, termed a superwettable-omniphobic lubricous porous SERS (SOLP-SERS) substrate. The SOLP-SERS substrate could generate a three-dimensional liquid "hotspots" matrix with an ultra-long lifetime (tens of days) by confining tiny amounts of liquids within the gaps between nanoparticles. Then, the analytes are trapped in the uniform liquid "hotspots", whose bioactivity can be well maintained over a long period of time during SERS detection. Limits of detection down to femtomolar levels were achieved for various molecules. More importantly, SERS signals were uniform within the substrate and remained stable for more than 30 days. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the dynamic detection of the polymerization of Aβ peptides into amyloids was monitored by the SOLP-SERS substrate within 48 h. Moreover, the exosomes secreted by breast cancer cells, an important biomarker of cancer, were also measured. These results demonstrate that the SOLP-SERS platform will provide new insights into the development of real-time biochemical sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- School of Network and Communication Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Song J, Jiang Y, Li H. Online Video Anomaly Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7442. [PMID: 37687897 PMCID: PMC10490792 DOI: 10.3390/s23177442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
With the popularity of video surveillance technology, people are paying more and more attention to how to detect abnormal states or events in videos in time. Therefore, real-time, automatic and accurate detection of abnormal events has become the main goal of video-based surveillance systems. To achieve this goal, many researchers have conducted in-depth research on online video anomaly detection. This paper presents the background of the research in this field and briefly explains the research methods of offline video anomaly detection. Then, we sort out and classify the research methods of online video anomaly detection and expound on the basic ideas and characteristics of each method. In addition, we summarize the datasets commonly used in online video anomaly detection and compare and analyze the performance of the current mainstream algorithms according to the evaluation criteria of each dataset. Finally, we summarize the future trends in the field of online video anomaly detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jinchen Song
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yuehan Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Key Lab. for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang F, Lv C, Dong L, Li X, Guo P, Zhao B. Development of effective model for non-destructive detection of defective kiwifruit based on graded lines. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1170221. [PMID: 37692416 PMCID: PMC10486894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The accurate detection of external defects in kiwifruit is an important part of postharvest quality assessment. Previous studies have not considered the problems posed by the actual grading environment. In this study, we designed a novel approach based on improved Yolov5 to achieve real-time and efficient non-destructive detection of multiple defect categories in kiwifruit. First, a kiwifruit image acquisition device based on grading lines was developed to enhance the image acquisition. Subsequently, a kiwifruit dataset was constructed based on the external defect characteristics and a new data enhancement method was proposed to augment the kiwifruit samples. Thereafter, the SPD-Conv and DW-Conv modules were combined to improve Yolov5s, with EIOU as the loss calculation function. The results demonstrated that the improved model training loss value was 0.013 lower, the convergence was accelerated, the number of parameters was reduced, and the computational effort was increased. The detection accuracies of the samples in the test set, which included healthy, leaf-rubbing damaged, healed cuts or scarred, and sunburned samples, were 98.8%, 98.7%, 97.6%, and 95.9%, respectively, with an overall detection accuracy of 97.7%. The detection time was 8.0 ms, thereby meeting real-time sorting demands. The average detection accuracy and model size of SSD, Yolov5s, Yolov7, and Yolov5-Ours were compared. When the confidence threshold was 0.5, the detection accuracy of Yolov5-Ours was 10% and 6.4% higher than that of SSD and Yolov5s, respectively. In terms of the model size, Yolov5-Ours was approximately 6.5- and 4-fold smaller than SSD and Yolov7, respectively. Thus, Yolov5-Ours achieved the highest accuracy, adaptability, and robustness for the detection of all kiwifruit categories as well as a small volume and portability. These results can provide technical support for the non-destructive detection and grading of agricultural products in the future.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tseng CH, Chen JH, Hsu SM. The Effect of the Peristimulus α Phase on Visual Perception through Real-Time Phase-Locked Stimulus Presentation. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0128-23.2023. [PMID: 37507226 PMCID: PMC10436686 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0128-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The α phase has been theorized to reflect fluctuations in cortical excitability and thereby impose a cyclic influence on visual perception. Despite its appeal, this notion is not fully substantiated, as both supporting and opposing evidence has been recently reported. In contrast to previous research, this study examined the effect of the peristimulus instead of prestimulus phase on visual detection through a real-time phase-locked stimulus presentation (PLSP) approach. Specifically, we monitored phase data from magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings over time, with a newly developed algorithm based on adaptive Kalman filtering (AKF). This information guided online presentations of masked stimuli that were phased-locked to different stages of the α cycle while healthy humans concurrently performed detection tasks. Behavioral evidence showed that the overall detection rate did not significantly vary according to the four predetermined peristimulus α phases. Nevertheless, the follow-up analyses highlighted that the phase at 90° relative to 180° likely enhanced detection. Corroborating neural parietal activity showed that early interaction between α phases and incoming stimuli orchestrated the neural representation of the hits and misses of the stimuli. This neural representation varied according to the phase and in turn shaped the behavioral outcomes. In addition to directly investigating to what extent fluctuations in perception can be ascribed to the α phases, this study suggests that phase-dependent perception is not as robust as previously presumed, and might also depend on how the stimuli are differentially processed as a result of a stimulus-phase interaction, in addition to reflecting alternations of the perceptual states between phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Shen-Mou Hsu
- Imaging Center for Integrated Body, Mind and Culture Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (Republic of China)
- MOST AI Biomedical Research Center, Tainan City 701, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu K, Cheng J, Li H, Ouyang T. MFAFNet: A Lightweight and Efficient Network with Multi-Level Feature Adaptive Fusion for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6382. [PMID: 37514676 PMCID: PMC10384613 DOI: 10.3390/s23146382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, real-time semantic segmentation networks are intensely demanded in resource-constrained practical applications, such as mobile devices, drones and autonomous driving systems. However, most of the current popular approaches have difficulty in obtaining sufficiently large receptive fields, and they sacrifice low-level details to improve inference speed, leading to decreased segmentation accuracy. In this paper, a lightweight and efficient multi-level feature adaptive fusion network (MFAFNet) is proposed to address this problem. Specifically, we design a separable asymmetric reinforcement non-bottleneck module, which designs a parallel structure to extract short- and long-range contextual information and use optimized convolution to increase the inference speed. In addition, we propose a feature adaptive fusion module that effectively balances feature maps with multiple resolutions to reduce the loss of spatial detail information. We evaluate our model with state-of-the-art real-time semantic segmentation methods on the Cityscapes and Camvid datasets. Without any pre-training and post-processing, our MFAFNet has only 1.27 M parameters, while achieving accuracies of 75.9% and 69.9% mean IoU with speeds of 60.1 and 82.6 FPS on the Cityscapes and Camvid test sets, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an excellent trade-off between inference speed, segmentation accuracy and model size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- School of Cyberspace Security (School of Cryptology), Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Public Safety Technology, Hainan Vocational College of Political Science and Law, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jieren Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Cyberspace Security (School of Cryptology), Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianyu Ouyang
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pulpito O, Acito N, Diani M, Ferri G, Grasso R, Zissis D. Saliency-Aided Online RPCA for Moving Target Detection in Infrared Maritime Scenarios. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6334. [PMID: 37514626 PMCID: PMC10384380 DOI: 10.3390/s23146334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Moving target detection (MTD) is a crucial task in computer vision applications. In this paper, we investigate the problem of detecting moving targets in infrared (IR) surveillance video sequences captured using a steady camera in a maritime setting. For this purpose, we employ robust principal component analysis (RPCA), which is an improvement of principal component analysis (PCA) that separates an input matrix into the following two matrices: a low-rank matrix that is representative, in our case study, of the slowly changing background, and a sparse matrix that is representative of the foreground. RPCA is usually implemented in a non-causal batch form. To pursue a real-time application, we tested an online implementation, which, unfortunately, was affected by the presence of the target in the scene during the initialization phase. Therefore, we improved the robustness by implementing a saliency-based strategy. The advantages offered by the resulting technique, which we called "saliency-aided online moving window RPCA" (S-OMW-RPCA) are the following: RPCA is implemented online; along with the temporal features exploited by RPCA, the spatial features are also taken into consideration by using a saliency filter; the results are robust against the condition of the scene during the initialization. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed technique in terms of precision, recall, and execution time with that of an online RPCA, thus, showing the effectiveness of the saliency-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Pulpito
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Naval Support and Experimentation Centre, Italian Naval Academy, 57127 Livorno, Italy
| | - Nicola Acito
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Diani
- Italian Naval Academy, Italian Navy, 57127 Livorno, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ferri
- NATO Science and Technology Organization, Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, 19126 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grasso
- NATO Science and Technology Organization, Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, 19126 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Dimitris Zissis
- Department of Product & Systems Design Engineering, University of the Aegean, A 1.7.1 Hermoupoli, GR84100 Syros, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Niyigena G, Lee S, Kwon S, Song D, Cho BK. Real-Time Detection and Classification of Scirtothrips dorsalis on Fruit Crops with Smartphone-Based Deep Learning System: Preliminary Results. Insects 2023; 14:523. [PMID: 37367339 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a deep-learning-based system for detecting and classifying Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, a highly invasive insect pest that causes significant economic losses to fruit crops worldwide. The system uses yellow sticky traps and a deep learning model to detect the presence of thrips in real time, allowing farmers to take prompt action to prevent the spread of the pest. To achieve this, several deep learning models are evaluated, including YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, SSD MobileNetV2, and EfficientDet-D0. EfficientDet-D0 was integrated into the proposed smartphone application for mobility and usage in the absence of Internet coverage because of its smaller model size, fast inference time, and reasonable performance on the relevant dataset. This model was tested on two datasets, in which thrips and non-thrips insects were captured under different lighting conditions. The system installation took up 13.5 MB of the device's internal memory and achieved an inference time of 76 ms with an accuracy of 93.3%. Additionally, this study investigated the impact of lighting conditions on the performance of the model, which led to the development of a transmittance lighting setup to improve the accuracy of the detection system. The proposed system is a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional detection methods and provides significant benefits to fruit farmers and the related ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Niyigena
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhwa Kwon
- Citrus Research Institute, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea
| | - Daebin Song
- Department of Biosystem Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang R, Sui L, Gong J, Cao J. EEG-based real-time diagnostic system with developed dynamic 2TEMD and dynamic ApEn algorithms. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165450. [PMID: 37250115 PMCID: PMC10213912 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In real-time electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, the problem of observing dynamic changes and the problem of binary classification is a promising direction. EEG energy and complexity are important evaluation metrics in brain death determination in the field of EEG analysis. We developed two algorithms, dynamic turning tangent empirical mode decomposition to compute EEG energy and dynamic approximate entropy to compute EEG complexity for brain death determination. The developed algorithm is applied to analyze 50 EEG data of coma patients and 50 EEG data of brain death patients. The validity of the dynamic analysis is confirmed by the accuracy rate derived from the comparison with turning tangent empirical mode decomposition and approximate entropy algorithms. We evaluated the EEG data of three patients using the built diagnostic system. The experimental results visually showed that the EEG energy ratio was higher in a coma state than that in brain death, while the complexity was lower than that in brain death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Linfeng Sui
- Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jianting Cao
- Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shao J, Zhou L, Yeung SYF, Lei T, Zhang W, Yuan X. Pulmonary Nodule Detection and Classification Using All-Optical Deep Diffractive Neural Network. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051148. [PMID: 37240793 DOI: 10.3390/life13051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep diffractive neural network (D2NN) is a fast optical computing structure that has been widely used in image classification, logical operations, and other fields. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is a reliable method for detecting and analyzing pulmonary nodules. In this paper, we propose using an all-optical D2NN for pulmonary nodule detection and classification based on CT imaging for lung cancer. The network was trained based on the LIDC-IDRI dataset, and the performance was evaluated on a test set. For pulmonary nodule detection, the existence of nodules scanned from CT images were estimated with two-class classification based on the network, achieving a recall rate of 91.08% from the test set. For pulmonary nodule classification, benign and malignant nodules were also classified with two-class classification with an accuracy of 76.77% and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8292. Our numerical simulations show the possibility of using optical neural networks for fast medical image processing and aided diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shao
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sze Yan Fion Yeung
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wanlong Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gomes TEP, Cadete MS, Ferreira JAF, Febra R, Silva J, Noversa T, Pontes AJ, Neto V. Development of an Open-Source Injection Mold Monitoring System. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3569. [PMID: 37050629 PMCID: PMC10098985 DOI: 10.3390/s23073569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the highly competitive injection molding industry, the ability to effectively collect information from various sensors installed in molds and machines is of the utmost relevance, enabling the development of data-based Industry 4.0 algorithms. In this work, an alternative to commercially available monitoring systems used in the industry was developed and tested in the scope of the TOOLING 4G project. The novelty of this system is its affordability, simplicity, real-time data acquisition and display in an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI), while being open-source firmware and software-based. These characteristics, and their combinations have been present in previous works, but, to the authors' knowledge, not all of them simultaneously. The system used an Arduino microcontroller-based data acquisition module that can be connected to any computer via a USB port. Software was developed, including a GUI, prepared to receive data from both the Arduino module and a second module. In the current state of development, data corresponding to a maximum of six sensors can be visualized, at a rate of 10 Hz, and recorded for later usage. These capabilities were verified under real-world conditions for monitoring an injection mold with the objective of creating the basis of a platform to deploy predictive maintenance. Mold temperature, cavity pressure, 3-axis acceleration, and extraction force data showed the system can successfully monitor the mold and allowed the clear distinction between normal and abnormal operating patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago E. P. Gomes
- TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.E.P.G.)
| | - Mylene S. Cadete
- TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.E.P.G.)
| | - Jorge A. F. Ferreira
- TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.E.P.G.)
| | - Renato Febra
- Geco—Gabinete Técnico e Controlo de Moldes em Fabricação Lda, 2405-032 Maceira, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- CeNTI—Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Técnicos, Funcionais e Inteligentes, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Tiago Noversa
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Pontes
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Victor Neto
- TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.E.P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
van den Bor J, Bergkamp ND, Anbuhl SM, Dekker F, Comez D, Perez Almeria CV, Bosma R, White CW, Kilpatrick LE, Hill SJ, Siderius M, Smit MJ, Heukers R. NanoB 2 to monitor interactions of ligands with membrane proteins by combining nanobodies and NanoBRET. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100422. [PMID: 37056381 PMCID: PMC10088090 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of ligands targeting disease-associated membrane proteins is predicted by ligand-receptor binding constants, which can be determined using NanoLuciferase (NanoLuc)-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) methods. However, the broad applicability of these methods is hampered by the restricted availability of fluorescent probes. We describe the use of antibody fragments, like nanobodies, as universal building blocks for fluorescent probes for use in NanoBRET. Our nanobody-NanoBRET (NanoB2) workflow starts with the generation of NanoLuc-tagged receptors and fluorescent nanobodies, enabling homogeneous, real-time monitoring of nanobody-receptor binding. Moreover, NanoB2 facilitates the assessment of receptor binding of unlabeled ligands in competition binding experiments. The broad significance is illustrated by the successful application of NanoB2 to different drug targets (e.g., multiple G protein-coupled receptors [GPCRs] and a receptor tyrosine kinase [RTK]) at distinct therapeutically relevant binding sites (i.e., extracellular and intracellular).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelle van den Bor
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nick D. Bergkamp
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie M. Anbuhl
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- QVQ Holding B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Dekker
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dehan Comez
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, UK
| | - Claudia V. Perez Almeria
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reggie Bosma
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carl W. White
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, UK
- Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, UK
| | - Marco Siderius
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J. Smit
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Receptor Biochemistry and Signaling group, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- QVQ Holding B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Choi SH, Yoon H. Convolutional Neural Networks for the Real-Time Monitoring of Vital Signs Based on Impulse Radio Ultrawide-Band Radar during Sleep. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3116. [PMID: 36991833 PMCID: PMC10052197 DOI: 10.3390/s23063116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vital signs provide important biometric information for managing health and disease, and it is important to monitor them for a long time in a daily home environment. To this end, we developed and evaluated a deep learning framework that estimates the respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) in real time from long-term data measured during sleep using a contactless impulse radio ultrawide-band (IR-UWB) radar. The clutter is removed from the measured radar signal, and the position of the subject is detected using the standard deviation of each radar signal channel. The 1D signal of the selected UWB channel index and the 2D signal applied with the continuous wavelet transform are entered as inputs into the convolutional neural-network-based model that then estimates RR and HR. From 30 recordings measured during night-time sleep, 10 were used for training, 5 for validation, and 15 for testing. The average mean absolute errors for RR and HR were 2.67 and 4.78, respectively. The performance of the proposed model was confirmed for long-term data, including static and dynamic conditions, and it is expected to be used for health management through vital-sign monitoring in the home environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ho Choi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Heenam Yoon
- Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El Azari H, Renard JB, Lauthier J, Dudok de Wit T. A Laboratory Evaluation of the New Automated Pollen Sensor Beenose: Pollen Discrimination Using Machine Learning Techniques. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2964. [PMID: 36991674 PMCID: PMC10057867 DOI: 10.3390/s23062964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of airborne pollen has received much attention over the last decade, as the prevalence of pollen-induced allergies is constantly increasing. Today, the most common technique to identify airborne pollen species and to monitor their concentrations is based on manual analysis. Here, we present a new, low-cost, real-time optical pollen sensor, called Beenose, that automatically counts and identifies pollen grains by performing measurements at multiple scattering angles. We describe the data pre-processing steps and discuss the various statistical and machine learning methods that have been implemented to distinguish different pollen species. The analysis is based on a set of 12 pollen species, several of which were selected for their allergic potency. Our results show that Beenose can provide a consistent clustering of the pollen species based on their size properties, and that pollen particles can be separated from non-pollen ones. More importantly, 9 out of 12 pollen species were correctly identified with a prediction score exceeding 78%. Classification errors occur for species with similar optical behaviour, suggesting that other parameters should be considered to provide even more robust pollen identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam El Azari
- LPC2E-CNRS, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
- LIFY-AIR, Le LAB’O, 1 Avenue du Champ de Mars, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renard
- LPC2E-CNRS, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Johann Lauthier
- LIFY-AIR, Le LAB’O, 1 Avenue du Champ de Mars, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Thierry Dudok de Wit
- LPC2E-CNRS, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
- ISSI, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berviller Y, Ansarnia MS, Tisserand E, Schweitzer P, Tremeau A. Road User Position and Speed Estimation via Deep Learning from Calibrated Fisheye Videos. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2637. [PMID: 36904841 PMCID: PMC10007371 DOI: 10.3390/s23052637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a deep learning processing flow aimed at Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADASs) for urban road users. We use a fine analysis of the optical setup of a fisheye camera and present a detailed procedure to obtain Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coordinates along with the speed of the moving objects. The camera to world transform incorporates the lens distortion function. YOLOv4, re-trained with ortho-photographic fisheye images, provides road user detection. All the information extracted from the image by our system represents a small payload and can easily be broadcast to the road users. The results show that our system is able to properly classify and localize the detected objects in real time, even in low-light-illumination conditions. For an effective observation area of 20 m × 50 m, the error of the localization is in the order of one meter. Although an estimation of the velocities of the detected objects is carried out by offline processing with the FlowNet2 algorithm, the accuracy is quite good, with an error below one meter per second for urban speed range (0 to 15 m/s). Moreover, the almost ortho-photographic configuration of the imaging system ensures that the anonymity of all street users is guaranteed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Berviller
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, UMR7198, F-54052 Nancy, France
| | | | - Etienne Tisserand
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, UMR7198, F-54052 Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Schweitzer
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, UMR7198, F-54052 Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao L, Blunt P, Yang L, Ince S. Performance Analysis of Real-Time GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Integrated with Inertial Navigation System. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2396. [PMID: 36904600 PMCID: PMC10007143 DOI: 10.3390/s23052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The integration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP) and inertial navigation system (INS) is widely used in navigation for its robustness and resilience, especially in case of GNSS signal blockage. With GNSS modernization, a variety of PPP models have been developed and studied, which has also led to various PPP/INS integration methods. In this study, we investigated the performance of a real-time GPS/Galileo zero-difference ionosphere-free (IF) PPP/INS integration with the application of uncombined bias products. This uncombined bias correction was independent of PPP modeling on the user side and also enabled carrier phase ambiguity resolution (AR). CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) real-time orbit, clock, and uncombined bias products were used. Six positioning modes were evaluated, including PPP, PPP/INS loosely coupled integration (LCI), PPP/INS tightly coupled integration (TCI), and three of these with uncombined bias correction through a train positioning test in an open sky environment and two van positioning tests at a complex road and city center. All of the tests used a tactical-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU). In the train test, we found that ambiguity-float PPP had almost identical performance with LCI and TCI, which reached an accuracy of 8.5, 5.7, and 4.9 cm in the north (N), east (E) and up (U) direction, respectively. After AR, significant improvements on the east error component were achieved, which were 47%, 40%, and 38% for PPP-AR, PPP-AR/INS LCI, and PPP-AR/INS TCI, respectively. In the van tests, frequent signal interruptions due to bridges, vegetation, and city canyons make the IF AR difficult. TCI achieved the highest accuracies, which were 32, 29, and 41 cm for the N/E/U component, respectively, and also effectively eliminated the solution re-convergence in PPP.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Y, Li C, Yang T, Ekimov EA, Bradac C, Ha ST, Toth M, Aharonovich I, Tran TT. Real-Time Ratiometric Optical Nanoscale Thermometry. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2725-2736. [PMID: 36661346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-optical nanothermometry has become a powerful, remote tool for measuring nanoscale temperatures in applications ranging from medicine to nano-optics and solid-state nanodevices. The key features of any candidate nanothermometer are brightness, sensitivity, and (signal, spatial, and temporal) resolution. Here, we demonstrate a real-time, diamond-based nanothermometry technique with excellent sensitivity (1.8% K-1) and record-high resolution (5.8 × 104 K Hz-1/2 W cm-2) based on codoped nanodiamonds. The distinct performance of our approach stems from two factors: (i) temperature sensors─nanodiamonds cohosting two group IV color centers─engineered to emit spectrally separated Stokes and anti-Stokes fluorescence signals under excitation by a single laser source and (ii) a parallel detection scheme based on filtering optics and high-sensitivity photon counters for fast readout. We demonstrate the performance of our method by monitoring temporal changes in the local temperature of a microcircuit and a MoTe2 field-effect transistor. Our work advances a powerful, alternative strategy for time-resolved temperature monitoring and mapping of micro-/nanoscale devices such as microfluidic channels, nanophotonic circuits, and nanoelectronic devices, as well as complex biological environments such as tissues and cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evgeny A Ekimov
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk142190, Russia
- Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow117924, Russia
| | - Carlo Bradac
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, OntarioK9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hays Weeks CC, Moore AA, Allison M, Patrick K, Bondi MW, Nebeker C, Liu TT, Wing D, Higgins M, Hartman SJ, Rissman RA, Zlatar ZZ. The Independent Walking for Brain Health Intervention for Older Adults: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e42980. [PMID: 36535765 PMCID: PMC9972211 DOI: 10.2196/42980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research suggests that physical activity (PA) is important for brain and cognitive health and may help to delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Most PA interventions designed to improve brain health in older adults have been conducted in laboratory, gym, or group settings that require extensive resources and travel to the study site or group sessions. Research is needed to develop novel interventions that leverage mobile health (mHealth) technologies to help older adults increase their engagement in PA in free-living environments, reducing participant burden and increasing generalizability of research findings. Moreover, promoting engagement in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) may be most beneficial to brain health; thus, using mHealth to help older adults increase time spent in MVPA in free-living environments may help to offset the burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and improve quality of life in older age. OBJECTIVE We developed a novel PA intervention that leverages mHealth to help older adults achieve more minutes of MVPA independently. This pilot study was a 12-week randomized controlled trial to investigate the feasibility of providing just-in-time (JIT) feedback about PA intensity during free-living exercise sessions to help older adults meet current PA recommendations (150 minutes per week of MVPA). METHODS Participants were eligible if they were cognitively healthy English speakers aged between 65 and 80 years without major cardiovascular, neurologic, or mental health conditions; could ambulate independently; and undergo magnetic resonance imaging. Enrollment occurred from October 2017 to March 2020. Participants randomized to the PA condition received an individualized exercise prescription and an mHealth device that provided heart rate-based JIT feedback on PA intensity, allowing them to adjust their behavior in real time to maintain MVPA during exercise sessions. Participants assigned to the healthy aging education condition received a reading prescription consisting of healthy aging topics and completed weekly quizzes based on the materials. RESULTS In total, 44 participants were randomized to the intervention. A follow-up manuscript will describe the results of the intervention as well as discuss screening, recruitment, adverse events, and participants' opinions regarding their participation in the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The long-term goal of this intervention is to better understand how MVPA affects brain and cognitive health in the real world and extend laboratory findings to everyday life. This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of using JIT heart rate zone feedback to help older adults independently increase time spent in MVPA while collecting data on the plausible mechanisms of change (frontal and medial temporal cerebral blood flow and cardiorespiratory fitness) that may affect cognition (memory and executive function) to help refine a planned stage 2 behavioral trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03058146; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03058146. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42980.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison A Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Patrick
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Camille Nebeker
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas T Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Higgins
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sheri J Hartman
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martínez-Otzeta JM, Rodríguez-Moreno I, Mendialdua I, Sierra B. RANSAC for Robotic Applications: A Survey. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:327. [PMID: 36616922 PMCID: PMC9824669 DOI: 10.3390/s23010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Random Sample Consensus, most commonly abbreviated as RANSAC, is a robust estimation method for the parameters of a model contaminated by a sizable percentage of outliers. In its simplest form, the process starts with a sampling of the minimum data needed to perform an estimation, followed by an evaluation of its adequacy, and further repetitions of this process until some stopping criterion is met. Multiple variants have been proposed in which this workflow is modified, typically tweaking one or several of these steps for improvements in computing time or the quality of the estimation of the parameters. RANSAC is widely applied in the field of robotics, for example, for finding geometric shapes (planes, cylinders, spheres, etc.) in cloud points or for estimating the best transformation between different camera views. In this paper, we present a review of the current state of the art of RANSAC family methods with a special interest in applications in robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Martínez-Otzeta
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itsaso Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñigo Mendialdua
- Department of Languages and Information Systems, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Basilio Sierra
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsieh CC, Hsu TY, Huang WH. An Online Rail Track Fastener Classification System Based on YOLO Models. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9970. [PMID: 36560339 PMCID: PMC9783312 DOI: 10.3390/s22249970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to save manpower on rail track inspection, computer vision-based methodologies are developed. We propose utilizing the YOLOv4-Tiny neural network to identify track defects in real time. There are ten defects covering fasteners, rail surfaces, and sleepers from the upward and six defects about the rail waist from the sideward. The proposed real-time inspection system includes a high-performance notebook, two sports cameras, and three parallel processes. The hardware is mounted on a flat cart running at 30 km/h. The inspection results about the abnormal track components could be queried by defective type, time, and the rail hectometer stake. In the experiments, data augmentation by a Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used to increase the dataset. The number of images is 3800 on the upward and 967 on the sideward. Five object detection neural network models-YOLOv4, YOLOv4-Tiny, YOLOX-Tiny, SSD512, and SSD300-were tested. The YOLOv4-Tiny model with 150 FPS is selected as the recognition kernel, as it achieved 91.7%, 92%, and 91% for the mAP, precision, and recall of the defective track components from the upward, respectively. The mAP, precision, and recall of the defective track components from the sideward are 99.16%, 96%, and 94%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chiung Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yun Hsu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Huang
- The Graduate Institute of Design Science, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alves PVA, Plentz PDM, Fernandes MAC. Proposal of a Real-Time Test Platform for Tactile Internet Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9865. [PMID: 36560232 PMCID: PMC9782128 DOI: 10.3390/s22249865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a real-time test platform for systems associated with the tactile internet area. The proposal comprises a master device, a communication channel and a slave device. The master device is a tactile glove (wearable technology) that works as a tactile interface based on vibratory feedback. The master device can interact with virtual elements (local or remote). The Matlab/Simulink environment and a robotics toolbox form the communication channel and the slave device. The communication channel introduces a bidirectional connection of variable latency, and the slave device is defined as a robotic phantom omni manipulator emulated in Matlab/Simulink. The virtual robotic manipulator, the slave device, can generate different types of tactile sensations in the tactile glove, that is, in the master device. The platform can model tactile sensations such as coarse roughness, fine roughness, smoothness, dripping and softness. The proposed platform presented adequate results and can be used to test various algorithms and methods correlated to the tactile internet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V. A. Alves
- Laboratory of Machine Learning and Intelligent Instrumentation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia D. M. Plentz
- Graduate Program of Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88036-610, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Machine Learning and Intelligent Instrumentation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Computer Engineering and Automation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, Peng R, Zhao J, Fan C, Feng W, Liu Z. Experimental Study of the Thermally Grown Oxide and Interface of Thermal Barrier Coatings Using TEM In-Situ Heating. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12224020. [PMID: 36432305 PMCID: PMC9694042 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Ni-based superalloys from high-temperature airflow damage. In this work, the nano-mechanism of TBC failure is analyzed. A scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (STEM-EDS)-based analysis method was used to study the influence of element migration on the deformation behavior of the bond-coat (BC) layer during heating. The content of elements in the same region varied greatly at different temperatures, which could prove the contribution of element migration to the deformation of the BC layer. TEM in-situ heating experiments were designed and carried out to study the deformation behavior near the ceramic topcoat (TC)/thermally grown oxide (TGO) and the TGO/BC interface. The TC/TGO interface was deformed violently during heating, and obvious deformation occurred at 100 °C, while the TGO/BC interface was relatively stable. A subset geometric phase analysis method was used for full field-strain measurement. The strain value near the TGO/BC interface was relatively small and did not change significantly at lower temperatures. The TC/TGO interface is more unstable and easier to deform than the TGO/BC interface. The stress and strain evolution in the internal region of TGO at high temperatures was quantitatively analyzed. The TGO layer has a tensile stress of GPa magnitude along the interface direction at the peak position, and the shear stress is small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Runlai Peng
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaye Zhao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhanwei Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van Smeden L, Saris A, Sergelen K, de Jong AM, Yan J, Prins MWJ. Reversible Immunosensor for the Continuous Monitoring of Cortisol in Blood Plasma Sampled with Microdialysis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3041-3048. [PMID: 36255855 PMCID: PMC9623578 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a steroid hormone involved in a wide range of medical conditions. The level of the hormone fluctuates over time, but with traditional laboratory-based assays, such dynamics cannot be monitored in real time. Here, a reversible cortisol sensor is reported that allows continuous monitoring of cortisol in blood plasma using sampling by microdialysis. The sensor is based on measuring single-molecule binding and unbinding events of tethered particles. The particles are functionalized with antibodies and the substrate with cortisol-analogues, causing binding and unbinding events to occur between particles and substrate. The frequency of binding events is reduced when cortisol is present in the solution as it blocks the binding sites of the antibodies. The sensor responds to cortisol in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range and can monitor cortisol concentrations over multiple hours. Results are shown for cortisol monitoring in filtered and in microdialysis-sampled human blood plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Smeden
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Saris
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Khulan Sergelen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Junhong Yan
- Helia
Biomonitoring, De Lismortel
31, 5612 AREindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MBEindhoven, The Netherlands,Helia
Biomonitoring, De Lismortel
31, 5612 AREindhoven, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Manicacci FM, Mourier J, Babatounde C, Garcia J, Broutta M, Gualtieri JS, Aiello A. A Wireless Autonomous Real-Time Underwater Acoustic Positioning System. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8208. [PMID: 36365905 PMCID: PMC9654034 DOI: 10.3390/s22218208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent acoustic telemetry positioning systems are able to reconstruct the positions and trajectories of organisms at a scale of a few centimeters to a few meters. However, they present several logistical constraints including receiver maintenance, calibration procedures and limited access to real-time data. We present here a novel, easy-to-deploy, energy self-sufficient underwater positioning system based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) algorithm and the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology, capable of locating tagged marine organisms in real time. We provide an illustration of the application of this system with empirical examples using continuous and coded tags in fish and benthic invertebrates. In situ experimental tests of the operational system demonstrated similar performances to currently available acoustic positioning systems, with a global positioning error of 7.13 ± 5.80 m (mean ± SD) and one-third of the pings can be localized within 278 m of the farthest buoy. Despite some required improvements, this prototype is designed to be autonomous and can be deployed from the surface in various environments (rivers, lakes, and oceans). It was proven to be useful to monitor a wide variety of species (benthic and pelagic) in real time. Its real-time property can be used to rapidly detect system failure, optimize deployment design, or for ecological or conservation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François-Marie Manicacci
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - Johann Mourier
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - Chabi Babatounde
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - Jessica Garcia
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - Mickaël Broutta
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Gualtieri
- Société Informatique et Technologique Corse (S.I.T.E.C), Parc Technologique d’Erbajolo, 20601 Furiani, France
| | - Antoine Aiello
- UMS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, 20620 Biguglia, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Steiner L, Studemann G, Grimm DE, Marty C, Leinss S. (Near) Real-Time Snow Water Equivalent Observation Using GNSS Refractometry and RTKLIB. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6918. [PMID: 36146259 PMCID: PMC9501566 DOI: 10.3390/s22186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) refractometry enables automated and continuous in situ snow water equivalent (SWE) observations. Such accurate and reliable in situ data are needed for calibration and validation of remote sensing data and could enhance snow hydrological monitoring and modeling. In contrast to previous studies which relied on post-processing with the highly sophisticated Bernese GNSS processing software, the feasibility of in situ SWE determination in post-processing and (near) real time using the open-source GNSS processing software RTKLIB and GNSS refractometry based on the biased coordinate Up component is investigated here. Available GNSS observations from a fixed, high-end GNSS refractometry snow monitoring setup in the Swiss Alps are reprocessed for the season 2016/17 to investigate the applicability of RTKLIB in post-processing. A fixed, low-cost setup provides continuous SWE estimates in near real time at a low cost for the complete 2021/22 season. Additionally, a mobile, (near) real-time and low-cost setup was designed and evaluated in March 2020. The fixed and mobile multi-frequency GNSS setups demonstrate the feasibility of (near) real-time SWE estimation using GNSS refractometry. Compared to state-of-the-art manual SWE observations, a mean relative bias below 5% is achieved for (near) real-time and post-processed SWE estimation using RTKLIB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ladina Steiner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Géraldine Studemann
- Institute of Geomatics, University of Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - David Eugen Grimm
- Institute of Geomatics, University of Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Marty
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Noi DDT, Davies B, Gopaldasani V. End-of-Shift Monitoring of Respirable Crystalline Silica: A Critical Review of Measurement Techniques and Factors Influencing Accurate Measurements. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36063400 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the findings of a systematic literature review focusing on the impact of interferences in host materials on Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) measurement, and the development of a validated method of calibration for RCS instrumentation for in-field use. The impact of interferences in host materials on RCS measurement has been shown to be critical information required for in-field use of portable RCS devices. Portable RCS instruments such as FTIR and XRD have been established to have good sensitivity for measurement but relatively low specificity due to interference in host materials. It has been shown that correction factors are needed to be applied to account for known interferences, especially when calibrating portable RCS instrumentation in-field. The potential to obtain reliable and repeatable results from RCS analysis instrumentation has also been demonstrated. There was significant evidence that interference materials could be present in host materials, and they influence RCS measurement. There is the potential and possibility of using portable RCS instrument for in-field measurement however the challenge is the calibration of such instrumentation in the field to account for changing host materials and thus potential interferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dennis Tettey Noi
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Occupational Public Environmental Research in Safety and Health (COPERSH), Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Davies
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Occupational Public Environmental Research in Safety and Health (COPERSH), Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopaldasani
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Occupational Public Environmental Research in Safety and Health (COPERSH), Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Seong I, Kim S, Lee Y, Cho C, Lee J, Jeong W, You Y, You S. Development of a Noninvasive Real-Time Ion Energy Distribution Monitoring System Applicable to Collisional Plasma Sheath. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22166254. [PMID: 36016029 PMCID: PMC9413131 DOI: 10.3390/s22166254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of ion-assisted surface processing based on low-temperature plasma increases, the monitoring of ion energy impinging into wafer surfaces becomes important. Monitoring methods that are noninvasive, real-time, and comprise ion collision in the sheath have received much research attention. However, in spite of this fact, most research was performed in invasive, not real-time, and collisionless ion sheath conditions. In this paper, we develop a noninvasive real-time IED monitoring system based on an ion trajectory simulation where the Monte Carlo collision method and an electrical model are adopted to describe collisions in sheaths. We technically, theoretically, and experimentally investigate the IED measurement with the proposed method, and compared it with the result of IEDs measured via a quadrupole mass spectrometer under various conditions. The comparison results show that there was no major change in the IEDs as radio-frequency power increased or the IED gradually became broad as gas pressure increased, which was in a good agreement with the results of the mass spectrometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inho Seong
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sijun Kim
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chulhee Cho
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jangjae Lee
- Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong-si 18448, Korea
| | - Wonnyoung Jeong
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yebin You
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shinjae You
- Applied Physics Lab for PLasma Engineering (APPLE), Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suzuki K, Yoshiki M, Nishikawa N, Harada T, Fujita Y, Terui Y, Yoshida T, Tomita T. Visualizing fluid transport inside orally disintegrating tablets and changes in tablets using real-time X-ray radiography and X-ray computed tomography. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:301-309. [PMID: 35913028 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the disintegration of wet- and dry-compressed orally disintegrating (OD) tablets, with synchrotron radiation as the X-ray source. SIGNIFICANCE Pharmaceutical tablets are vital for treatment of various diseases. Therefore, they are constantly developed to ensure desirable characteristics. In particular, OD tablets need to disintegrate immediately after absorbing saliva. How these tablets absorb saliva is key to enhancing rapid product development. Recently, absorption processes have been investigated using various non-invasive techniques, including X-ray radiography and X-ray computed tomography. However, X-ray radiography studies on how water without a contrast agent is absorbed, moves, and causes a tablet to swell are scarce. Use of a contrast agent is associated with some shortcomings, including complex data analysis in some instances, alterations in the viscosity of water, and potential influence on fluid transport inside the tablet, thus possibly affecting the disintegration process. METHODS Real-time X-ray radiography was used to monitor the disintegration of various tablets, while X-ray computed tomography and software were used to create 3D images. RESULTS We demonstrated how pure water penetrated the wet-compressed tablet faster than inside the dry-compressed tablet, and how the latter swelled more. X-ray computed tomography showed the presence of voids in the tablets following water absorption. CONCLUSION Our methods are promising for non-destructive fluid absorption and transport investigations inside OD tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Semiconductor Evaluation Laboratory, Evaluation and Analysis Technology Center, Toshiba Nanoanalysis Corporation; 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8583, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yoshiki
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Corporate Research & Development Center, Research & Development Division, Toshiba Corporation; 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Nishikawa
- Semiconductor Evaluation Laboratory, Evaluation and Analysis Technology Center, Toshiba Nanoanalysis Corporation; 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8583, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Harada
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University; 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Fujita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug Information, School of Pharmacy, Showa University; 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo,142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Terui
- Engineering Planning Department, Planning Division, Toshiba Nanoanalysis Corporation; 8, Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 235-8522, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University; 4-21-2, Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University; 4-21-2, Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jennings L, Kellermann T, Spinelli M, Nkantsu Z, Cogill D, van Schalkwyk M, Decloedt E, van Zyl G, Orrell C, Gandhi M. Drug Resistance, Rather than Low Tenofovir Levels in Blood or Urine, Is Associated with Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz Failure in Resource-Limited Settings. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:455-462. [PMID: 34779228 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The high cost of viral load (VL) testing limits its use for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence support. A low-cost lateral flow urine tenofovir (TFV) rapid assay predicts pre-exposure prophylaxis breakthroughs, but has not yet been investigated in HIV treatment. We therefore evaluated its utility in a pilot cross-sectional study of TFV-containing ART recipients at an increased risk of virologic failure (VF). Participants who had a treatment interruption ≥30 days or had ≥1 episode of viremia (VL ≥400 copies/mL) in the previous year were recruited from a public health setting in Cape Town, South Africa. Self-reported adherence data were collected, the urine TFV assay performed, and concurrent TFV-diphosphate analyzed in dried blood spots. VL testing was done concurrently and, if viremic, genotypic HIV drug resistance testing was performed. Of 48 participants, 18 (37.5%) had VL (>400 copies/mL) at the time of the study, including 16 of 39 receiving efavirenz (EFV), 2 of 6 receiving protease inhibitors, and 0 of 3 receiving dolutegravir. Resistance testing succeeded in 17/18, of which 14 had significant mutations compromising ≥2 agents of the current EFV-based regimen. Of these 14, all had detected urine TFV. Urine TFV was undetectable in two out of three without regimen-relevant resistance; p = .02. In participants on EFV-based regimens returning to care, VF was largely due to viral resistance, where detectable urine TFV had 100% sensitivity (14/14 participants) in predicting resistance. Conversely, when undetectable, the urine-based assay could be used to preclude participants with poor adherence from undergoing costly HIV drug resistance testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jennings
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Kellermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Spinelli
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine at UCSF/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zukiswa Nkantsu
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dolphina Cogill
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marije van Schalkwyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gert van Zyl
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Orrell
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine at UCSF/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Appiah SA, Li J, Lan Y, Darko RO, Alordzinu KE, Al Aasmi A, Asenso E, Issaka F, Afful EA, Wang H, Qiao S. Real-Time Assessment of Mandarin Crop Water Stress Index. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:4018. [PMID: 35684639 PMCID: PMC9185456 DOI: 10.3390/s22114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant-based indicators and other conventional means to detect the level of water stress in crops may be challenging, due to their difficulties in automation, their arduousness, and their time-consuming nature. Non-contact and non-destructive sensing methods can be used to detect the level of water stress in plants continuously and to provide automatic sensing and controls. This research aimed at determining the viability, efficiency, and swiftness in employing the commercial Workswell WIRIS Agro R infrared camera (WWARIC) in monitoring water stress and scheduling appropriate irrigation regimes in mandarin plants. The experiment used a four-by-three randomized complete block design with 80−100% FC water treatment as full field capacity and three deficit irrigation treatments at 70−75% FC, 60−65% FC, and 50−55% FC. Air temperature, canopy temperature, and vapor pressure deficits were measured and employed to deduce the empirical crop water stress index, using the Idso approach (CWSI(Idso)) as well as baseline equations to calculate non-water stress and water stressed conditions. The relative leaf water content (RLWC) of mandarin plants was also determined for the growing season. From the experiment, CWSI(Idso) and CWSI were estimated using the Workswell Wiris Agro R infrared camera (CWSIW) and showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.75 at p < 0.05) in assessing the extent of water stress in mandarin plants. The results also showed that at an altitude of 12 m above the mandarin canopy, the WWARIC was able to identify water stress using three modes (empirical, differential, and theoretical). The WWARIC’s color map feature, presented in real time, makes the camera a suitable device, as there is no need for complex computations or expert advice before determining the extent of the stress the crops are subjected to. The results prove that this novel use of the WWARIC demonstrated sufficient precision, swiftness, and intelligibility in the real-time detection of the mandarin water stress index and, accordingly, assisted in scheduling irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadick Amoakohene Appiah
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Jiuhao Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yubin Lan
- College of Engineering, National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Ransford Opoku Darko
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB, Ghana;
| | - Kelvin Edom Alordzinu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Alaa Al Aasmi
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Evans Asenso
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana;
| | - Fuseini Issaka
- Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering Division, Soil Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi PMB, Ghana;
| | - Ebenezer Acheampong Afful
- Soil Science Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (Ghana COCOBOD), New Tafo-Akim P.O. Box 8, Ghana;
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Songyang Qiao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.A.A.); (K.E.A.); (A.A.A.); (H.W.); (S.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tsinganos P, Jansen B, Cornelis J, Skodras A. Real-Time Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition with Temporal Convolutional Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1694. [PMID: 35270841 PMCID: PMC8915080 DOI: 10.3390/s22051694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the successful application of Deep Learning methods to classification problems has had a huge impact in many domains. (1) Background: In biomedical engineering, the problem of gesture recognition based on electromyography is often addressed as an image classification problem using Convolutional Neural Networks. Recently, a specific class of these models called Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) has been successfully applied to this task. (2) Methods: In this paper, we approach electromyography-based hand gesture recognition as a sequence classification problem using TCNs. Specifically, we investigate the real-time behavior of our previous TCN model by performing a simulation experiment on a recorded sEMG dataset. (3) Results: The proposed network trained with data augmentation yields a small improvement in accuracy compared to our existing model. However, the classification accuracy is decreased in the real-time evaluation, showing that the proposed TCN architecture is not suitable for such applications. (4) Conclusions: The real-time analysis helps in understanding the limitations of the model and exploring new ways to improve its performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsinganos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium; (B.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Bart Jansen
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium; (B.J.); (J.C.)
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cornelis
- Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium; (B.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Athanassios Skodras
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bove R, Schleimer E, Sukhanov P, Gilson M, Law SM, Barnecut A, Miller BL, Hauser SL, Sanders SJ, Rankin KP. Building a Precision Medicine Delivery Platform for Clinics: The University of California, San Francisco, BRIDGE Experience. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e34560. [PMID: 35166689 PMCID: PMC8889486 DOI: 10.2196/34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an ever-expanding number of analytics with the potential to impact clinical care, the field currently lacks point-of-care technological tools that allow clinicians to efficiently select disease-relevant data about their patients, algorithmically derive clinical indices (eg, risk scores), and view these data in straightforward graphical formats to inform real-time clinical decisions. Thus far, solutions to this problem have relied on either bottom-up approaches that are limited to a single clinic or generic top-down approaches that do not address clinical users’ specific setting-relevant or disease-relevant needs. As a road map for developing similar platforms, we describe our experience with building a custom but institution-wide platform that enables economies of time, cost, and expertise. The BRIDGE platform was designed to be modular and scalable and was customized to data types relevant to given clinical contexts within a major university medical center. The development process occurred by using a series of human-centered design phases with extensive, consistent stakeholder input. This institution-wide approach yielded a unified, carefully regulated, cross-specialty clinical research platform that can be launched during a patient’s electronic health record encounter. The platform pulls clinical data from the electronic health record (Epic; Epic Systems) as well as other clinical and research sources in real time; analyzes the combined data to derive clinical indices; and displays them in simple, clinician-designed visual formats specific to each disorder and clinic. By integrating an application into the clinical workflow and allowing clinicians to access data sources that would otherwise be cumbersome to assemble, view, and manipulate, institution-wide platforms represent an alternative approach to achieving the vision of true personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley Bove
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Schleimer
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paul Sukhanov
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Gilson
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sindy M Law
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Barnecut
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen E, Kan J, Yang BY, Zhu J, Chen V. Intelligent Electromagnetic Sensors for Non-Invasive Trojan Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248288. [PMID: 34960382 PMCID: PMC8708266 DOI: 10.3390/s21248288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth of sensors and the Internet of Things is transforming society, the economy and the quality of life. Many devices at the extreme edge collect and transmit sensitive information wirelessly for remote computing. The device behavior can be monitored through side-channel emissions, including power consumption and electromagnetic (EM) emissions. This study presents a holistic self-testing approach incorporating nanoscale EM sensing devices and an energy-efficient learning module to detect security threats and malicious attacks directly at the front-end sensors. The built-in threat detection approach using the intelligent EM sensors distributed on the power lines is developed to detect abnormal data activities without degrading the performance while achieving good energy efficiency. The minimal usage of energy and space can allow the energy-constrained wireless devices to have an on-chip detection system to predict malicious attacks rapidly in the front line.
Collapse
|
47
|
Tellaeche Iglesias A, Fidalgo Astorquia I, Vázquez Gómez JI, Saikia S. Gesture-Based Human Machine Interaction Using RCNNs in Limited Computation Power Devices. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8202. [PMID: 34960294 DOI: 10.3390/s21248202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of gestures is one of the main forms of human machine interaction (HMI) in many fields, from advanced robotics industrial setups, to multimedia devices at home. Almost every gesture detection system uses computer vision as the fundamental technology, with the already well-known problems of image processing: changes in lighting conditions, partial occlusions, variations in color, among others. To solve all these potential issues, deep learning techniques have been proven to be very effective. This research proposes a hand gesture recognition system based on convolutional neural networks and color images that is robust against environmental variations, has a real time performance in embedded systems, and solves the principal problems presented in the previous paragraph. A new CNN network has been specifically designed with a small architecture in terms of number of layers and total number of neurons to be used in computationally limited devices. The obtained results achieve a percentage of success of 96.92% on average, a better score than those obtained by previous algorithms discussed in the state of the art.
Collapse
|
48
|
Tzevelekakis K, Stefanidi Z, Margetis G. Real-Time Stress Level Feedback from Raw Ecg Signals for Personalised, Context-Aware Applications Using Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Architectures. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7802. [PMID: 34883806 PMCID: PMC8659908 DOI: 10.3390/s21237802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stress is intricately linked with mental processes such as decision making. Public protection practitioners, including Law Enforcement Agents (LEAs), are forced to make difficult decisions during high-pressure operations, under strenuous circumstances. In this respect, systems and applications that assist such practitioners to take decisions, are increasingly incorporating user stress level information for their development, adaptation, and evaluation. To that end, our goal is to accurately detect and classify the level of acute, short-term stress, in real time, for the development of personalized, context-aware solutions for LEAs. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), and in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have been gaining traction in the field of stress analysis, exhibiting promising results. Furthermore, the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, have also been widely adopted for estimating levels of stress. In this work, we propose two CNN architectures for the stress detection and 3-level (low, moderate, high) stress classification tasks, using ultra short-term raw ECG signals (3 s). One architecture is simple and with a low memory footprint, suitable for running in wearable edge-computing nodes, and the other is able to learn more complex features, having more trainable parameters. The models were trained on the two publicly available stress classification datasets, after applying pre-processing techniques, such as data pruning, down-sampling, and data augmentation, using a sliding window approach. After hyperparameter tuning, using 4-fold cross-validation, the evaluation on the test set demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy both on the 3- and 2-level stress classification task using the DriveDB dataset, reporting an accuracy of 83.55% and 98.77% respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Margetis
- Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Science, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.T.); (Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Arrifano GP, Augusto-Oliveira M, Sealey-Bright M, Zainal J, Imbiriba L, Fernandes LMP, Maia CSF, Anthony D, Crespo-Lopez ME. Contributing to Understand the Crosstalk between Brain and Periphery in Methylmercury Intoxication: Neurotoxicity and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10855. [PMID: 34639196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is currently high in regions such as the Amazon. Understanding the molecular changes associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the crosstalk with the periphery is essential to support early diagnoses. This work aimed to evaluate cellular and molecular changes associated with behavioral alterations in MeHg acute exposure and the possible changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) number and S100β content. Adults male Wistar rats were orally treated with 5 mg/kg for four days. Behavioral performance, molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum, and plasma EVs were assessed. MeHg-intoxicated animals performed significantly worse in behavioral tests. MeHg increased the number of GFAP+ cells and GFAP and S100β mRNA expression in the cerebellum but no change in NeuN+ or IBA-1+ cells number was detected. The number of exosomes isolated from plasma were decreased by the metal. S100B mRNA was detected in circulating plasma EVs cargo in MeHg exposure. Though preliminary, our results suggest astrocytic reactivity is displaying a protective role once there was no neuronal death. Interestingly, the reduction in exosomes number could be a new mechanism associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and plasma EVs could represent a source of future biomarkers in MeHg intoxication.
Collapse
|
50
|
Buchwald AG, Bayham J, Adams J, Bortz D, Colborn K, Zarella O, Buran M, Samet J, Ghosh D, Herlihy R, Carlton EJ. Estimating the Impact of Statewide Policies to Reduce Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Real Time, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2312-2322. [PMID: 34193334 PMCID: PMC8386789 DOI: 10.3201/eid2709.204167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic necessitated rapid local public health response, but studies examining the impact of social distancing policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission have struggled to capture regional-level dynamics. We developed a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered transmission model, parameterized to Colorado, USA‒specific data, to estimate the impact of coronavirus disease‒related policy measures on mobility and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in real time. During March‒June 2020, we estimated unknown parameter values and generated scenario-based projections of future clinical care needs. Early coronavirus disease policy measures, including a stay-at-home order, were accompanied by substantial decreases in mobility and reduced the effective reproductive number well below 1. When some restrictions were eased in late April, mobility increased to near baseline levels, but transmission remained low (effective reproductive number <1) through early June. Over time, our model parameters were adjusted to more closely reflect reality in Colorado, leading to modest changes in estimates of intervention effects and more conservative long-term projections.
Collapse
|