1
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Danielpour D, Corum S, Leahy P, Bangalore A. Jagged-1 is induced by mTOR inhibitors in renal cancer cells through an Akt/ALK5/Smad4-dependent mechanism. Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery 2022; 3:100117. [PMID: 35992379 PMCID: PMC9389240 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Danielpour
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Urology University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Corresponding author. Wolstein Research Building, Room 3-532, 2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Sarah Corum
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anusha Bangalore
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Laboratories, The Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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2
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Vellinga A, Devine C, Ho MY, Clarke C, Leahy P, Bourke J, Devane D, Duane S, Kearney P. What do patients value as incentives for participation in clinical trials? A pilot discrete choice experiment. Research Ethics 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747016119898669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Incentivising has shown to improve participation in clinical trials. However, ethical concerns suggest that incentives may be coercive, obscure trial risks and encourage individuals to enrol in clinical trials for the wrong reasons. The aim of our study was to develop and pilot a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to explore and identify preferences for incentives. A DCE was designed by including following attributes (and levels) of incentives: value, method, and time involvement. To account for trial benefit and risk, each was included as an attribute with levels low, medium and high. For testing purposes, the DCE was administrated using SurveyMonkey in a population of third level students. A total of 245 students, representative of the general student population, participated in the online DCE. The results provide a template to assess and explore the use of different incentive methods in clinical trials. The template can be used in its current format or adapted to particular scenarios. This pilot study provides a feasible methodology to explore the use of incentives for participation in clinical trials and can be adapted to specific trial requirements to provide information for ethical applications or identify the most favourable incentive for participation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Clarke
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane Bourke
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead Duane
- Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patricia Kearney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
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3
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Jarvela J, Moyer M, Leahy P, Bonfield T, Fletcher D, Mkono WN, Aung H, Canaday DH, Dazard JE, Silver RF. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gene Expression Signature in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Dominated by Pleiotropic Effects of CD4 + T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Production despite the Presence of Polyfunctional T Cells within the Airways. J Immunol 2019; 203:2194-2209. [PMID: 31541022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat. Development of a more effective vaccination strategy to prevent pulmonary TB, the most common and contagious form of the disease, is a research priority for international TB control. A key to reaching this goal is improved understanding of the mechanisms of local immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of TB. In this study, we evaluated global M. tuberculosis-induced gene expression in airway immune cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and M. tuberculosis-naive controls. In prior studies, we demonstrated that BAL cells from LTBI individuals display substantial enrichment for M. tuberculosis-responsive CD4+ T cells compared with matched peripheral blood samples. We therefore specifically assessed the impact of the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on M. tuberculosis-induced BAL cell gene expression in LTBI. Our studies identified 12 canonical pathways and a 47-gene signature that was both sensitive and specific for the contribution of CD4+ T cells to local recall responses to M. tuberculosis In contrast, depletion of CD8+ cells did not identify any genes that fit our strict criteria for inclusion in this signature. Although BAL CD4+ T cells in LTBI displayed polyfunctionality, the observed gene signature predominantly reflected the impact of IFN-γ production on a wide range of host immune responses. These findings provide a standard for comparison of the efficacy of standard bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination as well as novel TB vaccines now in development at impacting the initial response to re-exposure to M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jarvela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michelle Moyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wambura N Mkono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Htin Aung
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Jean-Eudes Dazard
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106; .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
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4
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Swain J, Li C, Leahy P. Iron supplementation modulates genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, including prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 in intestinal tumors. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.lb574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Swain
- NutritionCase Western Reserve UniversitySolonOH
| | - Chunbiao Li
- Genetics and GenotypingCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Genetics and GenotypingCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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5
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Thiagarajan PS, Wu X, Zhang W, Shi I, Bagai R, Leahy P, Feng Y, Veigl M, Lindner D, Danielpour D, Yin L, Rosell R, Bivona TG, Zhang Z, Ma PC. Transcriptomic-metabolomic reprogramming in EGFR-mutant NSCLC early adaptive drug escape linking TGFβ2-bioenergetics-mitochondrial priming. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82013-82027. [PMID: 27852038 PMCID: PMC5347670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of EGFR-mutant NSCLC precision therapy is limited by acquired resistance despite initial excellent response. Classic studies of EGFR-mutant clinical resistance to precision therapy were based on tumor rebiopsies late during clinical tumor progression on therapy. Here, we characterized a novel non-mutational early adaptive drug-escape in EGFR-mutant lung tumor cells only days after therapy initiation, that is MET-independent. The drug-escape cell states were analyzed by integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics profiling uncovering a central role for autocrine TGFβ2 in mediating cellular plasticity through profound cellular adaptive Omics reprogramming, with common mechanistic link to prosurvival mitochondrial priming. Cells undergoing early adaptive drug escape are in proliferative-metabolic quiescent, with enhanced EMT-ness and stem cell signaling, exhibiting global bioenergetics suppression including reverse Warburg, and are susceptible to glutamine deprivation and TGFβ2 inhibition. Our study further supports a preemptive therapeutic targeting of bioenergetics and mitochondrial priming to impact early drug-escape emergence using EGFR precision inhibitor combined with broad BH3-mimetic to interrupt BCL-2/BCL-xL together, but not BCL-2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Sara Crile Allen and James Frederick Allen Comprehensive Lung Cancer Program, Eminent Scholar in Lung Cancer Research, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Sara Crile Allen and James Frederick Allen Comprehensive Lung Cancer Program, Eminent Scholar in Lung Cancer Research, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ivy Shi
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rakesh Bagai
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Martina Veigl
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lindner
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Danielpour
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lihong Yin
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.,Spanish Lung Cancer Group, Badalona, Spain
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Sara Crile Allen and James Frederick Allen Comprehensive Lung Cancer Program, Eminent Scholar in Lung Cancer Research, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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6
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Cummings LC, Thota PN, Willis JE, Chen Y, Cooper GS, Furey N, Bednarchik B, Alashkar BM, Dumot J, Faulx AL, Fink SP, Kresak AM, Abusneineh B, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Leahy P, Veigl ML, Chak A, Markowitz SD. A nonrandomized trial of vitamin D supplementation for Barrett's esophagus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184928. [PMID: 28922414 PMCID: PMC5602627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency may increase esophageal cancer risk. Vitamin D affects genes regulating proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation and induces the tumor suppressor 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) in other cancers. This nonrandomized interventional study assessed effects of vitamin D supplementation in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on gene expression including 15-PGDH in BE. Methods BE subjects with low grade or no dysplasia received vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 50,000 international units weekly plus a proton pump inhibitor for 12 weeks. Esophageal biopsies from normal plus metaplastic BE epithelium and blood samples were obtained before and after vitamin D supplementation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured to characterize vitamin D status. Esophageal gene expression was assessed using microarrays. Results 18 study subjects were evaluated. The baseline mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 27 ng/mL (normal ≥30 ng/mL). After vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels rose significantly (median increase of 31.6 ng/mL, p<0.001). There were no significant changes in gene expression from esophageal squamous or Barrett’s epithelium including 15-PGDH after supplementation. Conclusion BE subjects were vitamin D insufficient. Despite improved vitamin D status with supplementation, no significant alterations in gene expression profiles were noted. If vitamin D supplementation benefits BE, a longer duration or higher dose of supplementation may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C. Cummings
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Prashanthi N. Thota
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Willis
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy Furey
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Beth Bednarchik
- William T. Dahms Clinical Research Unit, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bronia M. Alashkar
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John Dumot
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Faulx
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Fink
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Kresak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Basel Abusneineh
- Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martina L. Veigl
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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8
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Ahsanuddin S, Guan L, Suggs A, Leahy P, Lam M, McCormick T, Cooper K, Baron E. 262 Differential transcriptome response in CTCL patients following Pc 4-PDT. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gomes LL, Basu S, Zhou J, Presley L, Leahy P, Catalano P, Hauguel-deMouzon S. 27: Maternal insulin resistance modifies placental transcriptome early in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Mirmirani P, Consolo M, Oyetakin-White P, Baron E, Leahy P, Karnik P. Similar response patterns to topical minoxidil foam 5% in frontal and vertex scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia: a microarray analysis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:1555-1561. [PMID: 25204361 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are regional variations in the scalp hair miniaturization seen in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Use of topical minoxidil can lead to reversal of miniaturization in the vertex scalp. However, its effects on other scalp regions have been less well studied. OBJECTIVES To determine whether scalp biopsies from men with AGA show variable gene expression before and after 8 weeks of treatment with minoxidil topical foam 5% (MTF) vs. placebo. METHODS A placebo-controlled double-blinded prospective pilot study of MTF vs. placebo was conducted in 16 healthy men aged 18-49 years with Hamilton-Norwood type IV-V thinning. The subjects were asked to apply the treatment (active drug or placebo) to the scalp twice daily for 8 weeks. Stereotactic scalp photographs were taken at the baseline and final visits, to monitor global hair growth. Scalp biopsies were taken at the leading edge of hair loss from the frontal and vertex scalp before and after treatment with MTF and placebo, and microarray analysis was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip HG U133 Plus 2.0. RESULTS Global stereotactic photographs showed that MTF induced hair growth in both the frontal and vertex scalp of patients with AGA. Regional differences in gene expression profiles were observed before treatment. However, MTF treatment induced the expression of hair keratin-associated genes and decreased the expression of epidermal differentiation complex and inflammatory genes in both scalp regions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MTF is effective in the treatment of both the frontal and vertex scalp of patients with AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Northern California, Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center, 975 Sereno Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94589, U.S.A.,Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A.,University of California, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Consolo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A
| | - P Oyetakin-White
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A
| | - E Baron
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A
| | - P Leahy
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A
| | - P Karnik
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Building BRB-533, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, U.S.A
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Ma PC, Thiagarajan PS, Leahy P, Bagai R, Shi I, Zhang W, Feng Y, Veigl ML, Lindner D, Danielpour D, Yin L. Abstract 1835: Transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming in EGFR-mutant NSCLC early adaptive drug-escape against erlotinib. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Advanced NSCLC with sensitizing EGFR mutation is being treated with EGFR inhibitor first-line. Despite initial tumor response, targeted therapy invariably fails due to acquired resistance. Classical studies of acquired drug resistance focusing on late clinical events in rebiopsy studies have identified some resistance mechanisms including T790M-EGFR, MET amplification and AXL upregulation.
Methods. HCC827 and PC-9 NSCLC cells (sensitizing EGFR exon 19-del) were used in vitro and in vivo drug-sensitive models. MTS viability assay, TLVM cell mobility assay, immunoblot and immunofluorescence and in vivo xenograft IHC analysis were performed. Transcriptome analysis of HCC827 cells under erlotinib inhibition time-course was performed using Affymetrix microarray gene expression profiling (Human GeneChip 1.0 ST arrays) in triplicate at 0 hr, 8 hr, 9 days of erlotinib-treatment, and 9 days pretreatment with erlotinib followed by 7 days drug-washout. Data analysis was performed using PCA, heatmap, BAMarray and PathwayStudio 6.0 analysis. We also performed mass-spectrometry-based global profiling analysis of cellular metabolome in 5 replicate.
Results. We analyzed drug-sensitive HCC827 and PC-9 cells under erlotinib inhibition to characterize the adaptive response that engenders drug resistance. We identified an early adaptive drug-escape that emerged after 9 days of erlotinib, characterized with MET-independent mitochondrial BCL-2/BCL-xL prosurvival priming to result in 100-fold IC50 increase towards resistance. These cells displayed a quiescence state associated with retarded cell proliferation/cytoskeletal functions. Transcriptome profiling analysis of the early adaptive resistant HCC827 cells revealed a remarkable genome-wide adaptive reprogramming of gene expression signature, involving pathways of cell adhesion, cell cycle regulation, cell division/mitosis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, response to DNA damage stimulus, and DNA repair. Metabolomic profiling revealed a global adaptive metabolic reprogramming also, with resultant suppression of glucose and TCA cycle metabolism, and lipid bioenergetics. Our studies also identified autocrine TGFβ2 signaling pathway in mediating the early adaptive resistance in the mutated-EGFR lung cancer cells that escaped erlotinib inhibition through a combination of quiescence-state and EMT, cellular metabolic reprogramming and STAT3/BCL-2/BCL-xL mitochondrial prosurvival priming.
Conclusion. Early adaptive drug-escape emerges within a subpopulation of EGFR-mutant NSCLC under erlotinib inhibition. This constitutes an early-stage minimal residual disease leading to eventual resistant tumor relapse. These early drug-escaping tumor cells undergo global cellular reprogramming with upregulated mitochondrial prosurvival priming, representing attractive therapeutic targets to eradicate drug resistance.
Citation Format: Patrick C. Ma, Praveena S. Thiagarajan, Patrick Leahy, Rakesh Bagai, Ivy Shi, Wei Zhang, Yan Feng, Martina L. Veigl, Daniel Lindner, David Danielpour, Lihong Yin. Transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming in EGFR-mutant NSCLC early adaptive drug-escape against erlotinib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1835
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Ma
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Rakesh Bagai
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ivy Shi
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yan Feng
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Daniel Lindner
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Lihong Yin
- 1The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Ma PC, Thiagarajan P, Leahy P, Bagai RK, Shi I, Zhang W, Feng Y, Veigl ML, Lindner D, Danielpour D, Yin L, Rosell R, Bivona TG. Adaptive cell plasticity in autocrine TGFβ2 coordinated transcriptome-metabolome reprogramming of EGFR-mutant lung cancer in precision therapy escape. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e19043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Ma
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Ivy Shi
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yan Feng
- University Hospitals Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - David Danielpour
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lihong Yin
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Pangaea Biotech, Cancer Therapeutics Innovation Group, USP Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Ishikawa M, Yue X, Kawanami A, Leahy P, Greenfield EM, Murakami S. Prx1 and 3.2kb Col1a1 promoters target distinct bone cell populations in transgenic mice. Bone 2014; 58:136-145. [PMID: 24513582 PMCID: PMC4000289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bones consist of a number of cell types including osteoblasts and their precursor cells at various stages of differentiation. To analyze cellular organization within the bone, we generated Col1a1CreER-DsRed transgenic mice that express, in osteoblasts, CreER and DsRed under the control of a mouse 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter. We further crossed Col1a1CreER-DsRed mice with Prx1CreER-GFP mice that express CreER and GFP in osteochondro progenitor cells under the control of a 2.4kb Prx1 promoter. Since the 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter becomes active in osteoblasts at early stages of differentiation, and Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing periosteal cells show endogenous Col1a1 expression, we expected to find a cell population in which both the 2.4kb Prx1 promoter and the 3.2kb Col1a1 promoter are active. However, our histological and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that these transgenes are expressed in distinct cell populations. In the periosteum of long bones, Col1a1CreER-DsRed is expressed in the innermost layer directly lining the bone surface, while Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are localized immediately outside of the Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing osteoblasts. In the calvaria, Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are also localized in the cranial suture mesenchyme. Our experiments further showed that Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing cells lack chondrogenic potential, while the Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells show both chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. Our results indicate that Col1a1CreER-DsRed-expressing cells are committed osteoblasts, while Prx1CreER-GFP-expressing cells are osteochondro progenitor cells. The Prx1CreER-GFP and Col1a1CreER-DsRed transgenes will offer novel approaches for analyzing lineage commitment and early stages of osteoblast differentiation under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiuzhen Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aya Kawanami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Edward M Greenfield
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shunichi Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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14
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Lotti F, Jarrar AM, Pai RK, Hitomi M, Lathia J, Mace A, Gantt GA, Sukhdeo K, DeVecchio J, Vasanji A, Leahy P, Hjelmeland AB, Kalady MF, Rich JN. Chemotherapy activates cancer-associated fibroblasts to maintain colorectal cancer-initiating cells by IL-17A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2851-72. [PMID: 24323355 PMCID: PMC3865474 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy stimulates cancer-associated fibroblasts to secrete interleukin-17A to provide maintenance cues to support the growth of colorectal cancer-initiating cells. Many solid cancers display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing, tumorigenic stemlike cells, or cancer-initiating cells (CICs) at the apex. Whereas CICs often exhibit relative resistance to conventional cancer therapies, they also receive critical maintenance cues from supportive stromal elements that also respond to cytotoxic therapies. To interrogate the interplay between chemotherapy and CICs, we investigated cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal cancers. Colorectal CICs were resistant to conventional chemotherapy in cell-autonomous assays, but CIC chemoresistance was also increased by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Comparative analysis of matched colorectal cancer specimens from patients before and after cytotoxic treatment revealed a significant increase in CAFs. Chemotherapy-treated human CAFs promoted CIC self-renewal and in vivo tumor growth associated with increased secretion of specific cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Exogenous IL-17A increased CIC self-renewal and invasion, and targeting IL-17A signaling impaired CIC growth. Notably, IL-17A was overexpressed by colorectal CAFs in response to chemotherapy with expression validated directly in patient-derived specimens without culture. These data suggest that chemotherapy induces remodeling of the tumor microenvironment to support the tumor cellular hierarchy through secreted factors. Incorporating simultaneous disruption of CIC mechanisms and interplay with the tumor microenvironment could optimize therapeutic targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Lotti
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and 3 Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute; 4 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute; 5 Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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15
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Kim Y, Wu Q, Hamerlik P, Hitomi M, Sloan AE, Barnett GH, Weil RJ, Leahy P, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN. Aptamer identification of brain tumor-initiating cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4923-36. [PMID: 23796560 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing tumor-initiating cells (TIC), also known as cancer stem cells, at the apex. Although the TIC hypothesis remains controversial and the functional assays to define the TIC phenotype are evolving, we and others have shown that TICs may contribute to therapeutic resistance, tumor spread, and angiogenesis. The identification of TICs has been informed by the use of markers characterized in normal stem cells, but this approach has an inherent limitation to selectively identify TICs. To develop reagents that enrich TICs but not matched non-TICs or tissue-specific stem cells, we adopted Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (Cell-SELEX) to identify glioblastoma TIC-specific nucleic acid probes-aptamers-that specifically bind TICs. In this study, using Cell-SELEX with positive selection for TICs and negative selection for non-TICs and human neural progenitor cells, we identified TIC aptamers that specifically bind to TICs with excellent dissociation constants (Kd). These aptamers select and internalize into glioblastoma cells that self-renew, proliferate, and initiate tumors. As aptamers can be modified to deliver payloads, aptamers may represent novel agents that could selectively target or facilitate imaging of TICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., NE3-301, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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16
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Bagai RK, Zhang W, Leahy P, Yin L, Ma PC. CARD8/BCL-2 cascade in early adaptive drug resistant tumor escape against targeted inhibitors in NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22032 Background: Lung cancer targeted therapy is largely limited by inevitable recurrent resistant disease after initial response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), typically accompanied with divergent late acquired resistance mechanisms. We now focused on studying the emergence of early adaptive resistance to uncover attractive therapeutic targets to overcome drug resistance. Methods: HCC827 cells were treated with EGFR-TKI (0-9 days) with apoptosis pathway-specific QPCR array and TLVM analysis performed. MTS and crystal violet assays were performed. Western blot analysis was performed to examine prosurvival signaling developed against erlotinib, alone or in combination with MET inhibitor SU11274. IHC was performed on lung cancer tumor microarray (TMA) using BCL-2 and caspase-recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) antibodies and graded (4 tier scoring system). NSCLC cell lines and murine xenograft models (HCC827, H1975) were developed for resistance biomarkers expression analysis in pre-/post-TKI treatment using anti-human CARD8, p-STAT3 and BCL-2 antibodies. Results: We characterized the emergence of early resistant lung cancer cells in escape against targeted TKIs with 100-fold higher IC50 in adaptive drug resistance. The resistant cells that evaded EGFR-TKI based targeted inhibition exhibited MET-independent induction of CARD8 and STAT3/BCL-2 mitochondrial prosurvival signaling in cellular quiescence, and inhibited cytoskeletal functions. Expression analysis studies demonstrated common tumor-associated expression of CARD8 but relatively low BCL-2 level in NSCLC. In vitro cell line studies suggest that CARD8 induction was preceded by a resurgence of STAT3 activation. In vivo xenograft model (HCC827/erlotinib; H1975/erlotinib+ SU11274) also verified upregulated CARD8/BCL-2 activation within early resistant cells. Conclusions: Resistant tumor cells that evaded EGFR inhibitors, alone or in combination with MET inhibitors, exhibited increased expression of CARD8-STAT3/BCL-2 prosurvival signaling cascade. Further studies to define the mechanism of CARD8 in promoting adaptive tumor drug resistance would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Lihong Yin
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Patrick C. Ma
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Leidner RS, Ravi L, Leahy P, Chen Y, Bednarchik B, Streppel M, Canto M, Wang JS, Maitra A, Willis J, Markowitz SD, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Adams MD, Chak A, Guda K. The microRNAs, MiR-31 and MiR-375, as candidate markers in Barrett's esophageal carcinogenesis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:473-9. [PMID: 22302717 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to identify molecular markers that can reliably aid in stratifying esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk in patients with Barrett's esophagus. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are one such class of biomolecules. In the present cross-sectional study, we characterized miRNA alterations in progressive stages of neoplastic development, i.e., metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma, with an aim to identify candidate miRNAs potentially associated with progression. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) as an agnostic discovery platform, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation in a total of 20 EACs, we identified 26 miRNAs that are highly and frequently deregulated in EACs (≥ 4-fold in >50% of cases) when compared to paired normal esophageal squamous (nSQ) tissue. We then assessed the 26 EAC-derived miRNAs in laser microdissected biopsy pairs of Barrett's metaplasia (BM)/nSQ (n = 15), and high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/nSQ (n = 14) by qPCR, to map the timing of deregulation during progression from BM to HGD and to EAC. We found that 23 of the 26 candidate miRNAs were deregulated at the earliest step, BM, and therefore noninformative as molecular markers of progression. Two miRNAs, miR-31 and -31*, however, showed frequent downregulation only in HGD and EAC cases suggesting association with transition from BM to HGD. A third miRNA, miR-375, showed marked downregulation exclusively in EACs and in none of the BM or HGD lesions, suggesting its association with progression to invasive carcinoma. Taken together, we propose miR-31 and -375 as novel candidate microRNAs specifically associated with early- and late-stage malignant progression, respectively, in Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom S Leidner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Basu A, Alder H, Khiyami A, Leahy P, Croce CM, Haldar S. MicroRNA-375 and MicroRNA-221: Potential Noncoding RNAs Associated with Antiproliferative Activity of Benzyl Isothiocyanate in Pancreatic Cancer. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:108-19. [PMID: 21779484 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911409212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulated presence or absence of microRNAs (miRNAs) might play an important role in molecular pathways leading to neoplastic transformation. At present, it is also thought that the approaches to interfere miRNA functions should be helpful for developing novel therapeutic opportunities for human cancer. In this study, we provide evidence that the anticancer agent benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has the ability to modulate the level of miRNAs such as miR-221 and miR-375, known to be abnormally expressed in pancreatic cancer patients. Interestingly, ectopic expression of miR-375 or the enforced silencing of miR-221 in cultured pancreatic cancer cells attenuates cell viability and sensitizes antiproliferative action of BITC. We also show that the expression of putative tumor suppressor miR-375 is more abundant in nonpathological mice pancreata than those with Kras(G12D)-driven pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). To the contrary, the expression of oncogenic miR-221 is significantly elevated in the mouse pancreas with PanIN lesions. Although miR-375 has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer patients, there has not been a comprehensive study to investigate the molecular pathways targeted by this miRNA in pancreatic cancer cells. Further analysis by gene expression microarray revealed that IGFBP5 and CAV-1, potential biomarkers of pancreatic cancer, were significantly downregulated in cells transfected with miR-375. Correlatively, elevated expression of IGFBP5 and CAV-1 was evident in the mouse pancreas with preneoplastic lesions in which the expression of miR-375 wanes. Taken together, our findings suggest that anticancer agent BITC might target the expression of miR-221 and miR-375 to switch hyperproliferative pancreatic cancer cells to a hypoproliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Basu
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Basu S, Leahy P, Challier JC, Minium J, Catalano P, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. Molecular phenotype of monocytes at the maternal-fetal interface. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:265.e1-8. [PMID: 22071058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the pathways that are associated with inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. This study examined the molecular characteristics of monocytes that were derived from the maternal circulation and the placenta of obese women. STUDY DESIGN Mononuclear cells were isolated from placenta, venous maternal, and umbilical cord blood at term delivery; activated monocytes were separated with CD14 immunoselection. The genotype and expression pattern of the monocytes were analyzed by microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The transcriptome of the maternal blood and placental CD14 monocytes exhibited 73% homology, with 10% (1800 common genes) differentially expressed. Genes for immune sensing and regulation, matrix remodeling, and lipid metabolism were enhanced 2-2006 fold in placenta, compared with maternal monocytes. The CD14 placental monocytes exhibited a maternal genotype (9% DYS14 expression) as opposed to the fetal genotype (90% DYS14 expression) of the trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION CD14 monocytes from the maternal blood and the placenta share strong phenotypic and genotypic similarities with an enhanced inflammatory pattern in the placenta. The functional traits of the CD14 blood and placental monocytes suggest that they both contribute to propagation of inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface.
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20
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Mahabeleshwar GH, Kawanami D, Sharma N, Takami Y, Zhou G, Shi H, Nayak L, Jeyaraj D, Grealy R, White M, McManus R, Ryan T, Leahy P, Lin Z, Haldar SM, Atkins GB, Wong HR, Lingrel JB, Jain MK. The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock. Immunity 2011; 34:715-28. [PMID: 21565532 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we identify the Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) as a potent regulator of myeloid cell activation in vivo. Exposure of myeloid cells to hypoxia and/or bacterial products reduced KLF2 expression while inducing hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), findings that were recapitulated in human septic patients. Myeloid KLF2 was found to be a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-dependent HIF-1α transcription and, consequently, a critical determinant of outcome in models of polymicrobial infection and endotoxemia. Collectively, these observations identify KLF2 as a tonic repressor of myeloid cell activation in vivo and an essential regulator of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapati H Mahabeleshwar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Basu A, Alder H, Khiyami A, Leahy P, Croce CM, Haldar S. Abstract 139: MicroRNA-375 and microRNA-221: Potential noncoding RNAs associated with antiproliferative activity of benzyl isothiocyanate in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Large high-throughput studies in patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that oncogenic miR-221 is commonly upregulated microRNA whereas putative tumor suppressor miR-375 is generally down modulated when compared to adjacent benign pancreatic tissue or normal pancreas. In our laboratory, we observed that deregulated expression of miR-375 and miR-221 (as noted in pancreatic cancer patients) can be recapitulated in PDX1-Cre+; KRasG12D+ pancreatic cancer mouse model. Coherent data obtained from pancreatic cancer patient samples to preneoplastic lesions developed in preclinical mouse model tempted us to postulate that aberrant expression of these miRNAs (−375 and-221) might play significant role for the development of pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, ablation of miR-221 by ectopic expression of antagomir-221 in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells can significantly exert antiproliferative effect with increased expression of p27kip1, a target of miR-221. To the other end, premiR-375 overexpression diminished cell proliferation with downmodulation of Insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1 gene), which are of particular interest because of their potential link with pancreatic cancer cell growth and diagnosis. It is quite intriguing that the levels of both CAV-1 and IGFBP5 expression were elevated when miR-375 expression wanes in KRASG12D driven PanIN lesion in compound mutant mice.
Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrate that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a prototypical member of the isothiocyanate (ITC) family, inhibits proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells by causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. Interestingly, real time qRT-PCR analysis indicates that anticancer agent BITC can diminish oncogenic miR-221 expression and elevate the level of tumor suppressor miR-375 in pancreatic cancer cells. Besides, genetic manipulation studies revealed that enforced silencing of miR-221 or overexpression of miR-375 enhances the antiproliferative effect of BITC in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells. Next we explored the efficacy of BITC to interfere with the development of mouse PanIN lesions. Results indicate that pancreata of BITC administered compound mutant mice exhibit reduced level of IGFBP5 protein. Histopathological analysis of the extent of PanINs as well as studies on the magnitude of expression of miR-221/miR-375 and other molecular mediators in these pancreata are in progress. Explicitly, our investigation might provide new insight into nonconventional microRNA replacement therapy against pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 139. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-139
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Basu
- 1Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
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Basu S, Leahy P, Challier JC, Minium J, Catalano P, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. 23: Placenta macrophages of obese women originate from infiltrating maternal monocytes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Swain J, Li C, Leahy P. Intestinal tumors adapt to excess dietary iron by altering expression of a diverse set of oxidoreductases. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.928.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunbiao Li
- Gene Expression and Genotyping CoreCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Gene Expression and Genotyping CoreCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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Kusner LL, Young A, Tjoe S, Leahy P, Kaminski HJ. Perimysial fibroblasts of extraocular muscle, as unique as the muscle fibers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 51:192-200. [PMID: 19661226 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extraocular muscle (EOM) has a distinct skeletal muscle phenotype. The hypothesis for the study was that fibroblasts support the unique EOM phenotype and that perimysial fibroblasts derived from EOM have properties that distinguish them from fibroblasts derived from other skeletal muscle. METHODS Perimysial fibroblasts from leg muscle (LM-Fibro) and EOM (EOM-Fibro) of mice were derived and maintained in culture. EOM- and LM-Fibro were assessed morphologically and for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and Thy-1 immunoreactivity. DNA microarray analysis was performed on LM- and EOM-Fibro grown in conditions that support myoblast differentiation. To assess trophic interactions, co-cultures of myoblasts from established cell lines, CL-EOM and CL-LM with, EOM- or LM-Fibro were performed in direct contact and in a permeable filter support culture. The degree of myotube maturation was assessed by the percentage of myotubes with more than three myonuclei per myotube. RESULTS EOM- and LM-Fibro cells exhibited distinct morphologies. Both cell types proliferated as a monolayer and expressed vimentin. Fifty-five percent (SD 4.4%) of EOM-Fibro were Thy-1 positive compared with only 24% (SD 4.4%) of LM-Fibro. DNA microarray analysis demonstrated differential expression of structural, immune response, and metabolism-related genes between EOM- and LM-Fibro. Co-cultures demonstrated that mature myotube formation in EOM-derived cell lines was supported to a greater extent by EOM-Fibro than by LM-Fibro, compared with CL-EOM grown with LM-Fibro. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from EOM demonstrate distinct properties that distinguish them from leg muscle-derived fibroblasts. The distinct properties of EOM-Fibro may support the unique EOM phenotype and contribute to their differential involvement in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Kusner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
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25
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Strunk CJ, Platzbecker U, Thiede C, Schaich M, Illmer T, Kang Z, Leahy P, Li C, Xie X, Laughlin MJ, Lazarus HM, Gerson SL, Bunting KD, Ehninger G, Tse W. Elevated AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:308-9. [PMID: 19396856 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of the patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia have normal cytogenetics (NC-AML) and are classified as intermediate risk, but their 5-year overall survival (OS) ranges from 24 to 42%. Therefore, molecular biomarkers to identify poor-risk patients are needed. Elevated AF1q expression in the absence of specific poor cytogenetics is associated with poor outcomes in pediatric patients with AML and adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. We examined AF1q expression in 290 patients with NC-AML. We found that patients with low AF1q (n = 73) expression (AF1q(low)) have better OS (P = 0.026), disease-free survival (P = 0.1), and complete remission rate (P = 0.06) when compared with patients with high AF1q expression (AF1q(high) n = 217). The patients with AF1q(high) had significantly greater incidence of concurrent tyrosine kinase3 internal tandem duplication. A subgroup of the patients with AF1q(high) who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) had a significant better relapse-free survival when compared with patients who received chemotherapy/autologous SCT (P = 0.04). This study suggests that high AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult patients with NC-AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Young Adult
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Tipps RS, Mumtaz M, Leahy P, Duncan BW. Gene array analysis of a rat model of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after superior cavopulmonary anastomosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136:283-9. [PMID: 18692629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations commonly develop in children who have undergone a cavopulmonary anastomosis as part of the palliative sequence for single-ventricle physiology. METHODS We developed a rat model of cavopulmonary anastomosis that results in pulmonary arteriovenous malformations that are angiographically and histologically similar to the human condition. We used this model to analyze the gene expression profile associated with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations developing after cavopulmonary anastomosis. RESULTS Six Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, allowing the left lung to serve as a control. Total RNA was isolated from each lung at death 8 months postoperatively and compared by using the Affymetrix Rat Microarray RAE230 2.0 GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif). One hundred thirty-seven genes demonstrated altered expression in the lungs after cavopulmonary anastomosis compared with that seen in the control lungs: 55 (40%) genes demonstrated increased expression, and 82 (60%) genes demonstrated decreased expression. Modulation of genes associated with angiogenesis and vascular remodeling was found, including angiopoietin-2, placental growth factor, several matrix metalloproteases, and several collagen subtypes. Genes with vasoactive properties, including endothelin 1 and endothelin receptor type B, demonstrated altered gene expression. Several members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily signaling pathway also demonstrated altered expression. CONCLUSIONS These changes in gene expression might have causative implications for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations that develop after cavopulmonary anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell S Tipps
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Maeda T, Maeda A, Leahy P, Saperstein DA, Palczewski K. Effects of long-term administration of 9-cis-retinyl acetate on visual function in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:322-33. [PMID: 18708622 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term effects of treatment with 9-cis-retinyl acetate (9-cis-R-Ac), an artificial retinoid prodrug, were tested on changes in rod and cone visual functions in mice. METHODS The acetyl ester of the functional geometric chromophore 9-cis-retinal was delivered by oral gavage to C57BL/6 female mice. In initial experiments, 10-month-old mice were used for the single treatment with 9-cis-R-Ac or the control vehicle. In long-term experiments, 4-month-old mice were treated with 9-cis-R-Ac monthly for 6 and 10 months. Photoreceptor status was evaluated by various electroretinographic (ERG) techniques, retinoid analyses, and retinal morphology. Opsin, the predicted target of oxidized 9-cis-R-Ac, was purified and its chromophore was characterized. RESULTS Age-related changes observed in vehicle-treated mice at 10 months of age, compared with those in 4-month-old mice, included a progressive decline in ERG responses, such as a decreased rate of dark adaptation and a lowered rhodopsin/opsin ratio. Administration of 9-cis-R-Ac increased the rhodopsin regeneration ratio, and improved ERG responses and dark adaptation. Compared with vehicle-treated control animals, 10- and 14-month-old mice treated monthly with 9-cis-R-Ac for 6 or 10 months exhibited improved dark adaptation. In 14-month-old mice treated monthly, changes in the expression of retina-specific genes in the eye were detected by mRNA expression profiling, but no significant effects in gene expression were detected in the liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS Deteriorating photoreceptor function documented in mice at 10 and 14 versus 4 months of age was improved significantly by long-term, monthly administration of 9-cis-R-Ac. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach to prevent age-related retinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965, USA.
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Swain J, Li C, Leahy P. Intestinal tumors adapt to excess dietary iron by altering expression of lipocalin‐2 and divalent metal ion transporter. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.694.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunbiao Li
- Gene Expression and Genotyping FacilityCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Gene Expression and Genotyping FacilityCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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Swain J, Li C, Leahy P. Iron supplementation modulates genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, including prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 in intestinal tumors. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.692.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunbiao Li
- Gene Expression and Genotyping FacilityCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Gene Expression and Genotyping FacilityCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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Wlodarski MW, Nearman Z, Jankowska A, Babel N, Powers J, Leahy P, Volk HD, Maciejewski JP. Phenotypic differences between healthy effector CTL and leukemic LGL cells support the notion of antigen-triggered clonal transformation in T-LGL leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 83:589-601. [PMID: 18086899 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferation of CTL. In many ways, T-LGL clones resemble terminal effector CTL, including down-modulation of CD28 and overexpression of perforin, granzymes, and CD57. We studied the transcriptome of T-LGL clones and compared it with healthy CD8+CD57+ effector cells as well as CD8+CD57- populations. T-LGL clones were sorted based on their TCR variable beta-chain restriction, and controls were obtained by pooling cell populations from 14 donors. Here, we focus our analysis on immunological networks, as immune mechanisms play a prominent role in the etiology of bone marrow failure in T-LGL. Informative genes identified by expression arrays were studied further in an independent cohort of patients using Taqman PCR, ELISA assays, and FACS analysis. Despite a strikingly similar gene expression profile between T-LGL clones and their healthy counterparts, important phenotypic differences were identified, including up-modulation of TNFRS9, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1, IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-related genes, and several integrins/adhesion molecules. In addition, T-LGL clones were characterized by an overexpression of chemokines and chemokine receptors that are typically associated with viral infections (CXCL2, Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1, IL-18, CCR2). Our studies suggest that immunodominant LGL clones, although phenotypically similar to effector CTL, show significantly altered expression of a number of genes, including those associated with an ongoing viral infection or chronic, antigen-driven immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Wlodarski
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Hearing loss and cochlear degeneration in the guinea pig model of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) results, in part, from toxic levels of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) such as glutamate, which in turn leads to changes in the expression of genes linked to intracellular glutamate homeostasis and apoptosis, leading to neuronal cell death. BACKGROUND EAAs have been shown to play a role in normal auditory signal transmission in mammalian cochlea, but have also been implicated in neurotoxicity when levels are elevated. Changes in the expression of specific genes involved in the glutamatergic and apoptotic pathway would serve as evidence for excitotoxicity linked to elevated levels of glutamate. METHODS Guinea pigs underwent surgical obliteration of the endolymphatic duct, and then a timed harvest of the treated (right) and control (left) cochlea and subsequent quantification of gene expression via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction data show significant upregulation of glutamate aspartate transporter and neuronal nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels 3 weeks postsurgery and Caspase 3 mRNA levels 1 week postsurgery. No significant changes were detected in glutamine synthetase expression levels. CONCLUSION Upregulation of genes involved in glutamate homeostasis and the apoptotic pathway in animals treated with endolymphatic duct obstruction (usually associated with secondary ELH) support the hypothesis that EAAs may play a role in the pathophysiology of ELH-related cochlear injury. Inhibitors to these pathways can be useful for the study of new avenues to delay or prevent ELH-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Anne
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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32
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van Lunteren E, Leahy P. Gene expression microarrays and respiratory muscles. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2006; 156:103-15. [PMID: 17185048 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The routine measurement of the expression of tens of thousands of gene transcripts, simultaneously, is a defining advance of the last decade which has been made possible by microarray technology. Using this very powerful approach, a pattern has emerged from a number of studies that suggest a molecular niche for the diaphragm which is quite different from that occupied by limb muscle. All indications are that this is true not only in regard to differential gene transcription patterns in healthy muscles but also in the changes in transcription occurring in association with different diseases. Furthermore, respiratory muscle mounts a rich gene expression response to a number of disturbances, be they primary genetic defects (e.g. various types of muscular dystrophies) or non-genetic perturbations (e.g. controlled mechanical ventilation). Large numbers of genes undergo altered levels of transcription, ranging from tens to hundreds (typical) to thousands. These genes are involved in diverse cellular processes, such as contraction, intermediate metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis and cellular adhesion. Functional groups of genes identified as having changed expression differ in many respects from one disease to another. Previously identified pathways of muscle injury and repair are often perturbed to greater extents than previously anticipated, and processes not previously suspected of having important roles in the pathophysiology of specific disorders have been identified. Elucidation of these under-appreciated molecular events may lead to novel therapeutic interventions based on disrupting the downstream adverse consequences of the primary event or facilitating events which ameliorate the injury and/or promote muscle healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Lunteren
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Cleveland VA Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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Maeda A, Maeda T, Golczak M, Imanishi Y, Leahy P, Kubota R, Palczewski K. Effects of potent inhibitors of the retinoid cycle on visual function and photoreceptor protection from light damage in mice. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70:1220-9. [PMID: 16837623 PMCID: PMC4106413 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.026823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal is essential for the generation of light-sensitive visual pigments in the vertebrate retina. A deficiency in 11-cis-retinal production leads to congenital blindness in humans; however, a buildup of the photoisomerized chromophore can also be detrimental. Such is the case when the photoisomerized all-trans-retinal is produced but cannot be efficiently cleared from the internal membrane of the outer segment discs. Sustained increase of all-trans-retinal can lead to the formation of toxic condensation products in the eye. Thus, there is a need for potent, selective inhibitors that can regulate the flux of retinoids through the metabolism pathway termed the visual (retinoid) cycle. Here we systematically study the effects of the most potent inhibitor of this cycle, retinylamine (Ret-NH2), on visual function in mice. Prolonged, sustainable, but reversible suppression of the visual function was observed by Ret-NH2 as a result of its storage in a prodrug form, N-retinylamides. Direct comparison of other inhibitors such as fenretinide and 13-cis-retinoic acid showed multiple advantages of Ret-NH2 and its amides, including a higher potency, specificity, and lower transcription activation. Our results also revealed that mice treated with Ret-NH2 were completely resistant to the light-induced retina damage. As an experimental tool, Ret-NH2 allows the replacement of the native chromophore with synthetic analogs in wild-type mice to better understand the function of the chromophore in the activation of rhodopsin and its metabolism through the retinoid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB R924, Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA
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Sheffler DJ, Kroeze WK, Garcia BG, Deutch AY, Hufeisen SJ, Leahy P, Brüning JC, Roth BL. p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 exerts a tonic brake on G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4717-22. [PMID: 16537434 PMCID: PMC1450237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600585103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential for normal central CNS function and represent the proximal site(s) of action for most neurotransmitters and many therapeutic drugs, including typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Similarly, protein kinases mediate many of the downstream actions for both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. We report here that genetic deletion of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) potentiates GPCR signaling. Initial studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptor signaling in fibroblasts obtained from RSK2 wild-type (+/+) and knockout (-/-) mice showed that 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and both basal and 5-HT-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation are augmented in RSK2 knockout fibroblasts. Endogenous signaling by other GPCRs, including P2Y-purinergic, PAR-1-thrombinergic, beta1-adrenergic, and bradykinin-B receptors, was also potentiated in RSK2-deficient fibroblasts. Importantly, reintroduction of RSK2 into RSK2-/- fibroblasts normalized signaling, thus demonstrating that RSK2 apparently modulates GPCR signaling by exerting a "tonic brake" on GPCR signal transduction. Our results imply the existence of a novel pathway regulating GPCR signaling, modulated by downstream members of the extracellular signal-related kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The loss of RSK2 activity in humans leads to Coffin-Lowry syndrome, which is manifested by mental retardation, growth deficits, skeletal deformations, and psychosis. Because RSK2-inactivating mutations in humans lead to Coffin-Lowry syndrome, our results imply that alterations in GPCR signaling may account for some of its clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonnie G. Garcia
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Ariel Y. Deutch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | | | - Patrick Leahy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Institute for Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Departments of *Biochemistry
- Neurosciences, and
- **Psychiatry, and
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Deficiency of alpha2-laminin (merosin) underlies classical congenital muscular dystrophy in humans and dy/dy muscular dystrophy in mice and causes severe muscle dysfunction in both species. To gain greater insight into the biochemical and molecular events that link alpha2-laminin deficiency with muscle fiber necrosis, and the associated compensatory responses, gene expression profiles were characterized in diaphragm muscle from 8-wk-old dy/dy mice using oligonucleotide microarrays. Compared with age-matched normal muscle, dystrophic diaphragm was characterized by predominantly augmented gene expression, irrespective of the fold-change threshold. Among the 69 genes with at least plus or minus twofold significantly altered expression, 30 belonged to statistically overrepresented Gene Ontology (GO) biological process groups. These covered four specific themes: development including muscle development, cell motility with an emphasis on muscle contraction, defense/immune response, and cell adhesion. An additional 11 gene transcripts were assigned to more general overrepresented GO biological process groups (e.g., cellular process, organismal physiological process); the remaining 28 did not belong to any overrepresented groups. GO cellular constituent assignment resulted in the highest degree of overrepresentation in extracellular and muscle fiber locations, whereas GO molecular function assignment was most notable for various types of binding. RT-PCR was performed on 38 of 41 genes with at least plus or minus twofold significantly altered expression that were assigned to overrepresented GO biological process groups, with expression changes verified for 36 of 38 genes. These results indicate that several specific groups of genes have altered expression in response to genetic alpha2-laminin deficiency, with both similarities and differences compared with data reported for dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Lunteren
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Cheng G, Merriam AP, Gong B, Leahy P, Khanna S, Porter JD. Conserved and muscle-group-specific gene expression patterns shape postnatal development of the novel extraocular muscle phenotype. Physiol Genomics 2004; 18:184-95. [PMID: 15138310 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00222.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models in skeletal muscle biology do not fully account for the breadth, causes, and consequences of phenotypic variation among skeletal muscle groups. The muscle allotype concept arose to explain frank differences between limb, masticatory, and extraocular (EOM) muscles, but there is little understanding of the developmental regulation of the skeletal muscle phenotypic range. Here, we used morphological and DNA microarray analyses to generate a comprehensive temporal profile for rat EOM development. Based upon coordinate regulation of morphologic/gene expression traits with key events in visual, vestibular, and oculomotor system development, we propose a model that the EOM phenotype is a consequence of extrinsic factors that are unique to its local environment and sensory-motor control system, acting upon a novel myoblast lineage. We identified a broad spectrum of differences between the postnatal transcriptional patterns of EOM and limb muscle allotypes, including numerous transcripts not traditionally associated with muscle fiber/group differences. Several transcription factors were differentially regulated and may be responsible for signaling muscle allotype specificity. Significant differences in cellular energetic mechanisms defined the EOM and limb allotypes. The allotypes were divergent in many other functional transcript classes that remain to be further explored. Taken together, we suggest that the EOM allotype is the consequence of tissue-specific mechanisms that direct expression of a limited number of EOM-specific transcripts and broader, incremental differences in transcripts that are conserved by the two allotypes. This represents an important first step in dissecting allotype-specific regulatory mechanisms that may, in turn, explain differential muscle group sensitivity to a variety of metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.
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Boeshore KL, Schreiber RC, Vaccariello SA, Sachs HH, Salazar R, Lee J, Ratan RR, Leahy P, Zigmond RE. Novel changes in gene expression following axotomy of a sympathetic ganglion: a microarray analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:216-35. [PMID: 15085539 DOI: 10.1002/neu.10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurons of the peripheral nervous system are capable of extensive regeneration following axonal injury. This regenerative response is accompanied by changes in gene expression in axotomized neurons and associated nonneuronal cells. In the sympathetic nervous system, a few of the genes affected by axonal injury have been identified; however, a broad sampling of genes that could reveal additional and unexpected changes in expression has been lacking. We have used DNA microarray technology to study changes in gene expression within 48 h of transecting the postganglionic trunks of the adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG). The expression of more than 200 known genes changed in the ganglion, most of these being genes not previously associated with the response to injury. In contrast, only 10 genes changed following transection of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk. Real-time RT-PCR analysis verified the upregulation of a number of the axotomy-induced genes, including activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), arginase I (arg I), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, galanin, osteopontin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), parathyroid hormone-related peptide, and UDP-glucoronosyltransferase. Arg I mRNA and protein were shown to increase within neurons of the axotomized SCG. Furthermore, increases in the levels of putrescine and spermidine, a diamine and polyamine produced downstream of arg I activity, were also detected in the axotomized SCG. Our results identified many candidate genes to be studied in the context of peripheral nerve regeneration. In addition, the data suggest a potential role for putrescine and spermidine, acting downstream of arg I, in the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Boeshore
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Porter JD, Merriam AP, Leahy P, Gong B, Feuerman J, Cheng G, Khanna S. Temporal gene expression profiling of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mouse diaphragm identifies conserved and muscle group-specific mechanisms in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 13:257-69. [PMID: 14681298 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in dystrophin are the proximate cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but pathogenic mechanisms linking the absence of dystrophin from the sarcolemma to myofiber necrosis are not fully known. The muscular dystrophies also have properties not accounted for by current disease models, including the temporal delay to disease onset, broad species differences in severity, and diversity of skeletal muscle responses. To address the mechanisms underlying the differential targeting of muscular dystrophy, we characterized temporal expression profiles of the diaphragm in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice between postnatal days 7 and 112 using oligonucleotide microarrays and contrasted these data with published hindlimb muscle data. Although the diaphragm and hindlimb muscle groups differ in severity of response to dystrophin deficiency, and exhibited substantial divergence in some transcript categories including inflammation and muscle-specific genes, our data show that the general mechanisms operative in muscular dystrophy are highly conserved. The two muscle groups principally differed in expression levels of differentially regulated genes, as opposed to the non-conserved induced/repressed transcripts defining fundamentally distinct mechanisms. We also identified a postnatal divergence of the two wild-type muscle group expression profiles that temporally correlated with the onset and progression of the dystrophic process. These findings support the hypothesis that conserved disease mechanisms interacting with baseline differences in muscle group-specific transcriptomes underlie their differential responses to DMD. We further suggest that muscle group-specific transcriptional profiles contribute toward the muscle targeting and sparing patterns observed for a variety of metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Porter
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Kaminski BA, Kadereit S, Miller RE, Leahy P, Stein KR, Topa DA, Radivoyevitch T, Veigl ML, Laughlin MJ. Reduced expression of NFAT-associated genes in UCB versus adult CD4+ T lymphocytes during primary stimulation. Blood 2003; 102:4608-17. [PMID: 12946996 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the blunted allo-responsiveness of umbilical cord blood (UCB) T cells have not been fully elucidated. Protein expression of NFATc2 (nuclear factor of activated T cells c2), a critical transcription factor necessary for up-regulation of multiple cytokines known to amplify T-cell allogeneic responses, is reduced in UCB T cells. Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays were used to compare gene expression of primary purified CD4+ UCB T cells to adult peripheral blood CD4+ T cells (AB) at baseline, 6, and 16 hours of primary stimulation. NFAT-regulated genes exhibited lower expression in UCB CD4+ T cells including the following: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha; CD25), CD40L, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1alpha). Transcription factors involved in the NFAT pathway including C/EBPbeta, JunB, and Fosl1 (Fra-1), as well as Th1- and Th2-related transcription factors STAT4 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 4), T-bet, and c-maf showed reduced expression in UCB compared with AB during primary stimulation. Reduced cytokine, chemokine, and receptor expression was also found in UCB. Gene array data were confirmed using RNase protection assays, flow cytometry, and quantitative multiplexed cytokine measurements. Reduced global expression of NFAT-associated genes, as well as cytokines and chemokines, in UCB CD4+ T cells may contribute to the decreased graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) observed after UCB transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Kaminski
- Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn 433, Cleveland, OH 44106-5065, USA
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Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is a vasoconstrictor and mitogen involved in vascular remodeling. Changes in gene expression that underlie control of cell growth by ET-1 remain poorly characterized. To identify pathways of growth control we used microarrays to analyze ET-1-regulated gene expression in human mesangial cells, an important ET-1 vascular target cell in vivo. Statistical assessment of differential expression (significance analysis of microarrays) revealed upregulated transcripts for growth factors [heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), interleukin (IL)-6] and downregulated transcripts for genes that inhibit growth (BAX, p27KIP1, DAD1). Consistent with the gene expression profile, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed induction of HB-EGF by ET-1. To test a functional role for HB-EGF in ET-1 signaling, we showed that exogenous HB-EGF stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB1 and growth of mesangial cells. ET-1-induced proliferation was blocked by an ErbB1 receptor-selective kinase inhibitor and by a specific ErbB1 receptor-neutralizing antibody. Proliferation in response to ET-1 was also inhibited by neutralizing antisera against human HB-EGF. Together, these results provide data for modeling ET-1 pathways for growth control and suggest a specific role for HB-EGF gene induction in mesangial cell growth in response to ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangnath Mishra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Bldg., Rm. 427, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Porter JD, Merriam AP, Leahy P, Gong B, Khanna S. Dissection of temporal gene expression signatures of affected and spared muscle groups in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12:1813-21. [PMID: 12874102 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dystrophin mutations are the proximate cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), interactions among heterogeneous downstream mechanisms may be key phenotypic determinants. Temporal gene expression profiling was used to identify and correlate diverse transcriptional patterns to one another and to the disease course, for both affected and spared muscle groups, in postnatal day 7-112 dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. While 719 transcripts were differentially expressed at one or more ages in leg muscle, only 56 genes were altered in the spared extraocular muscles (EOM). Contrasting molecular signatures of affected versus spared muscles provide compelling evidence that the absence of dystrophin alone is necessary but not sufficient to cause the patterned fibrosis, inflammation and failure of muscle regeneration characteristic of dystrophinopathy. Dystrophic and adaptive changes in the microarray profiles were further quantified using an aggregate disease load index (DLI) to measure stage-dependent transcriptional impact in both muscles. DLI analysis highlighted the divergent responses of EOM and leg muscle groups. Cellular process-specific DLIs in leg muscle identified positively correlated temporal expression profiles for some gene classes, and the independence of others, that are linked to major disease components. Data also showed a previously unrecognized transient and selective developmental delay in pre-necrotic mdx skeletal muscle that was confirmed by qPCR. Taken together, validation and targeting of signaling pathways responsible for the coordination of the fibrotic, proteolytic and inflammatory mechanisms shown here for mdx muscle may yield new therapeutic means of mitigating the devastating consequences of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Khanna S, Merriam AP, Gong B, Leahy P, Porter JD. Comprehensive expression profiling by muscle tissue class and identification of the molecular niche of extraocular muscle. FASEB J 2003; 17:1370-2. [PMID: 12832294 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1108fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tissue is an elegant model for biologic integration of structure with function and is frequently affected by a variety of inherited diseases. Traditional muscle classes--skeletal, cardiac, and smooth--share basic aspects of contractile and energetics mechanisms but also have distinctive role-specific adaptations. We used large-scale oligonucleotide microarrays to broaden knowledge of the adaptive expression patterns underlying muscle tissue differences and to identify transcript subsets that are most likely to represent candidate disease genes. Using stringent analysis criteria, we found >or=95 transcripts, which were preferentially expressed by each muscle class and were validated by inclusion of known muscle class-specific and inherited disease-related genes. Differentially expressed transcripts not previously identified as class-specific extend understanding of muscle class transcriptomes and may represent novel muscle-specific disease genes. We also analyzed the expression profile of extraocular muscle, which is divergent from other skeletal muscles, in the broader context of all major muscle classes. Data show that the extraocular muscle phenotype results from the combination of tissue-specific transcripts, novel expression levels of skeletal muscle transcripts, and partial sharing of gene expression patterns with cardiac and smooth muscle. These, and additional proteomic data, establish that extraocular muscle does not constitute a distinctive muscle class but that it does occupy a novel niche within the skeletal muscle class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University and The Research Institute of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106-5068, USA.
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Porter JD, Merriam AP, Khanna S, Andrade FH, Richmonds CR, Leahy P, Cheng G, Karathanasis P, Zhou X, Kusner LL, Adams ME, Willem M, Mayer U, Kaminski HJ. Constitutive properties, not molecular adaptations, mediate extraocular muscle sparing in dystrophic mdx mice. FASEB J 2003; 17:893-5. [PMID: 12670877 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0810fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extraocular muscle (EOM) is spared in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we tested putative EOM sparing mechanisms predicted from existing dystrophinopathy models. Data show that mdx mouse EOM contains dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC)-competent and DGC-deficient myofibers distributed in a fiber type-specific pattern. Up-regulation of a dystrophin homologue, utrophin, mediates selective DGC retention. Counter to the DGC mechanical hypothesis, an intact DGC is not a precondition for EOM sarcolemmal integrity, and active adaptation at the level of calcium homeostasis is not mechanistic in protection. A partial, fiber type-specific retention of antiischemic nitric oxide to vascular smooth muscle signaling is not a factor in EOM sparing, because mice deficient in dystrophin and alpha-syntrophin, which localizes neuronal nitric oxide synthase to the sarcolemma, have normal EOMs. Moreover, an alternative transmembrane protein, alpha7beta1 integrin, does not appear to substitute for the DGC in EOM. Finally, genomewide expression profiling showed that EOM does not actively adapt to dystrophinopathy but identified candidate genes for the constitutive protection of mdx EOM. Taken together, data emphasize the conditional nature of dystrophinopathy and the potential importance of nonmechanical DGC roles and support the hypothesis that broad, constitutive structural cell signaling, and/or biochemical differences between EOM and other skeletal muscles are determinants of differential disease responsiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Cluster Analysis
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hemostasis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Integrin alpha Chains/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/deficiency
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
- Oculomotor Muscles/metabolism
- Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Sarcolemma/metabolism
- Utrophin
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University and The Research Institute of University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5068, USA.
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Abstract
Perturbations in glucose metabolism in the fetus and in the neonate are a consistent finding in several different animal models of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) as well as in humans. Studies in rats who have undergone IUGR have shown decreased hepatic glycogen stores in the fetus and delayed induction of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) at birth. Hepatic transcription factors CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)alpha and C/EBPbeta and the increase in cyclic AMP at birth have been implicated in the initial appearance of PEPCK-C. We have examined the effect of IUGR induced by reduced maternal inspired oxygen (fractional inspired oxygen concentration 0.14) on a) the expression of genes for hepatic C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, PEPCK-C and glycogen synthase; and b) transcription of the genes for C/EBPbeta and PEPCK-C by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the fetus. Three days (d 18-21) of decrease in maternal inspired oxygen resulted in lower maternal arterial PO(2) and a lower birth weight of the pups (p < 0.01). Fetuses that underwent IUGR had significantly lower concentrations of plasma glucose, hepatic glycogen, and glycogen synthase mRNA and a higher hepatic lactate:pyruvate ratio. They also had lower levels of hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA at birth. The concentration of hepatic mRNA for C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta as well as the transcription factors themselves were not affected by the decreased maternal inspired oxygen. Fetal injection of dibutyryl cyclic AMP after 24 h of decreased maternal inspired oxygen (d 18-19) had no effect on the expression of C/EBPbeta. However, it resulted in an attenuated induction of PEPCK-C in the fetuses with IUGR. We speculate that a decrease in maternal inspired oxygen induced certain mediators, either in the mother or in the placenta, that caused lower fetal glucose concentration and affected the transcription of genes involved in fetal hepatic glucose metabolism. IUGR, as a result of decreased fractional inspired oxygen concentration may also be the consequence of pH-mediated changes in uterine blood flow. However, these remain to be examined in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu S Parimi
- Robert Schwartz MD Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA.
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Abstract
Control of mesangial cell growth and matrix accumulation is critical for normal development of the glomerular tuft and progression of glomerular injury, but the genes that control mesangial cell growth are not well understood. We used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze gene expression in well-differentiated human mesangial cells treated with serum to stimulate proliferation. Parallel measurement of >12,000 genes and expressed sequence tags identified 5,806 mRNA transcripts in quiescent, unstimulated cells and 609 genes significantly induced or repressed by serum. Functional classification of serum-regulated genes revealed many genes not directly related to cell cycle progression that, instead, might control renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration or cause tissue injury, leukocyte exudation, matrix accumulation, and fibrosis. Hierarchical cluster analysis defined sets of coregulated genes with similar functions and identified networks of proinflammatory genes with similar expression patterns. Pathway analysis of the gene expression profile suggested an autocrine role in mesangial cell proliferation for three growth factors in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family: heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, amphiregulin, and epiregulin. A functional role for EGF receptor (EGFR) activation was confirmed by blocking serum-induced proliferation with an EGFR-selective kinase inhibitor and a specific EGFR-neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these results suggest a role for EGFR signaling in control of mesangial cell growth in response to serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangnath Mishra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Porter JD, Khanna S, Kaminski HJ, Rao JS, Merriam AP, Richmonds CR, Leahy P, Li J, Guo W, Andrade FH. A chronic inflammatory response dominates the skeletal muscle molecular signature in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11:263-72. [PMID: 11823445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/11.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in dystrophin cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but absent dystrophin does not invariably cause necrosis in all muscles, life stages and species. Using DNA microarray, we established a molecular signature of dystrophinopathy in the mdx mouse, with evidence that secondary mechanisms are key contributors to pathogenesis. We used variability controls, adequate replicates and stringent analytic tools, including significance analysis of microarrays to estimate and manage false positive rates. In leg muscle, we identified 242 differentially expressed genes, >75% of which have not been previously reported as altered in human or animal dystrophies. Data provide evidence for coordinated activity of numerous components of a chronic inflammatory response, including cytokine and chemokine signaling, leukocyte adhesion and diapedesis, invasive cell type-specific markers, and complement system activation. Selective chemokine upregulation was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblot, and may be a key determinant of the nature of the inflammatory response in dystrophic muscle. Up-regulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (minopontin, osteopontin) mRNA and protein in dystrophic muscle identified a novel linkage between inflammatory cells and repair processes. Extracellular matrix genes were up-regulated in mdx to levels similar to those in DMD. Since, unlike DMD, mdx exhibits little fibrosis, data suggest that collagen regulation at post-transcriptional stages mediates extensive fibrosis in DMD. Taken together, these data identify a relatively neglected aspect of DMD, suggest new treatment avenues, and highlight the value of genome-wide profiling in study of complex disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland and The Research Institute of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106-5068, USA.
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Porter JD, Khanna S, Kaminski HJ, Rao JS, Merriam AP, Richmonds CR, Leahy P, Li J, Andrade FH. Extraocular muscle is defined by a fundamentally distinct gene expression profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12062-7. [PMID: 11572940 PMCID: PMC59827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211257298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are defined by patterned covariation of key traits that determine contractile and metabolic characteristics. Although the functional properties of most skeletal muscles result from their proportional content of a few conserved muscle fiber types, some, typically craniofacial, muscles exhibit fiber types that appear to lie outside the common phenotypic range. We analyzed gene expression profiles of three putative muscle classes, limb, masticatory, and extraocular muscle (EOM), in adult mice by high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Pairwise comparisons using conservative acceptance criteria identified expression differences in 287 genes between EOM and limb and/or masticatory muscles. Use of significance analysis of microarrays methodology identified up to 400 genes as having an EOM-specific expression pattern. Genes differentially expressed in EOM reflect key aspects of muscle biology, including transcriptional regulation, sarcomeric organization, excitation-contraction coupling, intermediary metabolism, and immune response. These patterned differences in gene expression define EOM as a distinct muscle class and may explain the unique response of these muscles in neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Chakravarty K, Leahy P, Becard D, Hakimi P, Foretz M, Ferre P, Foufelle F, Hanson RW. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mimics the negative effect of insulin on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:34816-23. [PMID: 11443121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103310200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the potential role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) on the transcription of the gene for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC ) (PEPCK-C). SREBP-1c introduced into primary hepatocytes with an adenovirus vector caused a total loss of PEPCK-C mRNA and a marked induction of fatty acid synthase mRNA that directly coincided with the appearance of SREBP-1c in the hepatocytes. It also blocked the induction of PEPCK-C mRNA by cAMP and dexamethasone in these cells. In contrast, a dominant negative form of SREBP-1c (dnSREBP-1c) stimulated the accumulation of PEPCK-C mRNA in these cells. SREBP-1c completely blocked the induction of PEPCK-C gene transcription by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), and increasing concentrations of dnSREBP-1c reversed the negative effect of insulin on transcription from the PEPCK-C gene promoter in WT-IR cells. The more than 10-fold induction of PKA-stimulated PEPCK-C gene transcription caused by the co-activator CBP, was also blocked by SREBP-1c. In addition, dnSREBP-1c reversed the strong negative effect of E1A and NF1 on PKA-stimulated transcription from the PEPCK-C gene promoter. An analysis of the possible site of action of SREBP-1c using stepwise truncations of the PEPCK-C gene promoter indicated that the negative effect of SREBP-1c on transcription is exerted at a site between -355 and -277. We conclude that SREBP-1c is an intermediate in the action of insulin on PEPCK-C gene transcription in the liver and acts by blocking the stimulatory effect cAMP that is mediated via an interaction with cAMP-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chakravarty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935, USA
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Pasquinelli AE, Reinhart BJ, Slack F, Martindale MQ, Kuroda MI, Maller B, Hayward DC, Ball EE, Degnan B, Müller P, Spring J, Srinivasan A, Fishman M, Finnerty J, Corbo J, Levine M, Leahy P, Davidson E, Ruvkun G. Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Nature 2000; 408:86-9. [PMID: 11081512 DOI: 10.1038/35040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1642] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two small RNAs regulate the timing of Caenorhabditis elegans development. Transition from the first to the second larval stage fates requires the 22-nucleotide lin-4 RNA, and transition from late larval to adult cell fates requires the 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA. The lin-4 and let-7 RNA genes are not homologous to each other, but are each complementary to sequences in the 3' untranslated regions of a set of protein-coding target genes that are normally negatively regulated by the RNAs. Here we have detected let-7 RNAs of approximately 21 nucleotides in samples from a wide range of animal species, including vertebrate, ascidian, hemichordate, mollusc, annelid and arthropod, but not in RNAs from several cnidarian and poriferan species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli or Arabidopsis. We did not detect lin-4 RNA in these species. We found that let-7 temporal regulation is also conserved: let-7 RNA expression is first detected at late larval stages in C. elegans and Drosophila, at 48 hours after fertilization in zebrafish, and in adult stages of annelids and molluscs. The let-7 regulatory RNA may control late temporal transitions during development across animal phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pasquinelli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
Adaptation to carbohydrate and fat intake involves changes in a number of biochemical parameters at the cellular level. A change in the concentration of fat or carbohydrate in the blood acts directly to influence metabolic pathways by altering the flux of intermediates into cells. This in turn alters the concentration of hormones and other signaling molecules and changes the rate of expression of genes coding for key regulatory proteins or enzymes in metabolic pathways. These effects occur at different rates and in a tissue-specific manner in response to diet. A key metabolic adaptation involves changes in the level of expression of genes coding for proteins of critical importance in energy metabolism; this is largely due to an altered rate of transcription of selected genes under the control of hormones and/or carbohydrate and lipid. The mediators of this effect are transcription factors, that is, nuclear proteins which integrate the effects of hormones and substrates with the transcription process by binding to response elements in the promoters of regulated genes and interacting with the transcription machinery at the TATA box, thereby altering the activity of RNA polymerase II. In this review we will outline the hierarchy of cellular adaptations to diet and will emphasize the latest concepts of gene regulation in response to metabolites and hormones. In particular, we will review the role of the various transcription factors involved in the regulated expression of the gene for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.132), a key gluconeogenic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leahy
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935, USA
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