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Kim JY, Kim SG, Garagiola U. Relevant Properties and Potential Applications of Sericin in Bone Regeneration. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6728-6742. [PMID: 37623245 PMCID: PMC10453912 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of sericin, a protein derived from silkworms, is explored in bone graft applications. Sericin's biocompatibility, hydrophilic nature, and cost-effectiveness make it a promising candidate for enhancing traditional graft materials. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV-resistant properties contribute to a healthier bone-healing environment, and its incorporation into 3D-printed grafts could lead to personalized medical solutions. However, despite these promising attributes, there are still gaps in our understanding. The precise mechanism through which sericin influences bone cell growth and healing is not fully understood, and more comprehensive clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term biocompatibility in humans. Furthermore, the best methods for incorporating sericin into existing graft materials are still under investigation, and potential allergic reactions or immune responses to sericin need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Liu J, Shi L, Deng Y, Zou M, Cai B, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang L. Silk sericin-based materials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121638. [PMID: 35921729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin, a natural protein extracted from silkworm cocoons, has been extensively studied and utilized in the biomedical field because of its superior biological activities and controllable chemical-physical properties. Sericin is biocompatible and naturally cell adhesive, enabling cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in sericin-based materials. Moreover, its abundant functional groups from variable amino acids composition allow sericin to be chemically modified and cross-linked to form versatile constructs serving as alternative matrixes for biomedical applications. Recently, sericin has been constructed into various types of biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including various bulk constructions (films, hydrogels, scaffolds, conduits, and devices) and micro-nano formulations. In this review, we systemically summarize the properties of silk sericin, introduce its different forms, and demonstrate their newly-developed as well as potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meizhen Zou
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Jo YY, Kweon H, Kim DW, Baek K, Chae WS, Kang YJ, Oh JH, Kim SG, Garagiola U. Silk sericin application increases bone morphogenic protein-2/4 expression via a toll-like receptor-mediated pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:607-617. [PMID: 34508721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) is an osteoinductive protein that accelerates osteogenesis when administered to bony defects. Sericin is produced by silkworms, and has a biological activity that differs depending on the degumming method used. Our results indicated that the high molecular weight fraction of silk sericin (MW > 30 kDa) obtained via sonication had a more abundant β-sheet structure than the low molecular weight fraction. Administration of the β-sheet structure silk sericin increased BMP-2/4 expression in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells and human monocytes. This sericin increased the expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-3, and TLR-4 in RAW264.7 cells. Application of a TLR-2 antibody or TLR pathway blocker decreased BMP-2/4 expression following sericin administration. In the animal model, the bone volume and BMP-2/4 expression were higher in rats treated with a sericin-incorporated gelatin sponge than in rats treated with a gelatin sponge alone or a sponge-incorporated with denatured sericin. In conclusion, sericin with a more abundant β-sheet structure increased BMP-2/4 expression and bone formation better than sericin with a less abundant β-sheet structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - HaeYong Kweon
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Veiga A, Castro F, Rocha F, Oliveira A. Silk-based microcarriers: current developments and future perspectives. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:645-653. [PMID: 33108319 PMCID: PMC8676661 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-seeded microcarriers (MCs) are currently one of the most promising topics in biotechnology. These systems are supportive structures for cell growth and expansion that allow efficient nutrient and gas transfer between the media and the attached cells. Silk proteins have been increasingly used for this purpose in the past few years due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. To date, several silk fibroin spherical MCs in combination with alginate, gelatin and calcium phosphates have been reported with very interesting outcomes. In addition, other silk-based three-dimensional structures such as microparticles with chitosan and collagen, as well as organoids, have been increasingly studied. In this study, the physicochemical and biological properties of these biomaterials, as well as the recent methodologies for their processing and for cell culture, are discussed. The potential biomedical applications are also addressed. In addition, an analysis of the future perspectives is presented, where the potential of innovative silk-based MCs processing technologies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Filippi M, Born G, Chaaban M, Scherberich A. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32509754 PMCID: PMC7253672 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration after damage. Through the production of substituting materials mimicking the physical and biological properties of the healthy tissue, tissue engineering strategies address an urgent clinical need for therapeutic alternatives to bone autografts. By virtue of their structural versatility, polymers have a predominant role in generating the biodegradable matrices that hold the cells in situ to sustain the growth of new tissue until integration into the transplantation area (i.e., scaffolds). As compared to synthetic ones, polymers of natural origin generally present superior biocompatibility and bioactivity. Their assembly and further engineering give rise to a wide plethora of advanced supporting materials, accounting for systems based on hydrogels or scaffolds with either fibrous or porous architecture. The present review offers an overview of the various types of natural polymers currently adopted in bone tissue engineering, describing their manufacturing techniques and procedures of functionalization with active biomolecules, and listing the advantages and disadvantages in their respective use in order to critically compare their actual applicability potential. Their combination to other classes of materials (such as micro and nanomaterials) and other innovative strategies to reproduce physiological bone microenvironments in a more faithful way are also illustrated. The regeneration outcomes achieved in vitro and in vivo when the scaffolds are enriched with different cell types, as well as the preliminary clinical applications are presented, before the prospects in this research field are finally discussed. The collection of studies herein considered confirms that advances in natural polymer research will be determinant in designing translatable materials for efficient tissue regeneration with forthcoming impact expected in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordian Born
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mansoor Chaaban
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Veiga A, Castro F, Rocha F, Oliveira AL. Protein-Based Hydroxyapatite Materials: Tuning Composition toward Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3441-3455. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Oliveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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Veiga A, Castro F, Reis CC, Sousa A, Oliveira AL, Rocha F. Hydroxyapatite/sericin composites: A simple synthesis route under near-physiological conditions of temperature and pH and preliminary study of the effect of sericin on the biomineralization process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110400. [PMID: 31923995 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and sericin (SS) nanocomposites was carried out by a simple precipitation method performed in batch in a stirred tank reactor (ST). The reaction was achieved by mixing a solution of calcium chloride dihydrate, in which SS was dissolved, with a solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate at 37 °C. Three experimental conditions were studied by varying the concentration of SS: HAp, HAp/SS1 (0.01 g/L of SS) and HAp/SS2 (1 g/L of SS). The chemical and physical properties of the resulting HAp/SS nanocomposites were studied using several techniques (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Selected area diffraction (SAED) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)). pH profile was also monitored over time for each experimental condition. The results revealed that nano single-phased HAp was formed with both rod and plate-like shape. Additionally, the particles have low crystallinity, characteristic similar to biological HAp. Regarding the influence of SS, one observed that with increasing SS concentration there is an increase in the mean particle size and the number of plate-like particles, as well as an increase in the aggregation degree and a decrease of the crystallinity. Further, the composites obtained have an inorganic/organic composition comparable to bone. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity showed that the synthetized nanoparticles are non-toxic and cell viability is higher for HAp and HAp/SS samples when compared to a commercially available HAp. The produced materials can thus be considered suitable candidates for bone related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cassilda Cunha Reis
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - National Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Silva SS, Kundu B, Lu S, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Chinese Oak Tasar SilkwormAntheraea pernyiSilk Proteins: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800252. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Silva
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Banani Kundu
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern SilkCollege of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark, 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Natural Origin Materials for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:3-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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