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Zhong C, Liang G, Li P, Shi K, Li F, Zhou J, Xu D. Inflammatory response: The target for treating hyperpigmentation during the repair of a burn wound. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1009137. [PMID: 36817442 PMCID: PMC9929571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1009137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a common complication in patients with burn injuries during wound healing; however, the mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development remain unclear. Recently, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) was found to result from overproduction of melanin. Local or systemic inflammatory responses are often observed in patients who develop hyperpigmentation. However, we lack studies on the relationship between PIH and burn injury. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the existing literature on the melanogenesis of the skin, inflammatory mechanisms in pigmentation, and local or systemic alteration in inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from burn trauma to elucidate the relationship between PIH and burn injury. We believe that this review will guide further research on regulating melanin production in the burn management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Geao Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kim DH, Lee SJ, Seo SH, Ahn HH, Kim BJ, Sun W, Rhyu IJ. Three-dimensional imaging for the analysis of human epidermal melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:534-538. [PMID: 35620945 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of human epidermal melanocytes is required for deeper understanding of melanocytic disorders. The purpose of this study was to standardize 3-D imaging and quantification for the evaluation of epidermal melanocytes. The epidermal specimen was obtained using the suction blister method from a patient with melanocytic nevus on the forearm skin. Cutaneous ACT-PRESTO, the tissue-clearing and labeling technique, was subsequently performed. With the 3-D image analysis program, morphological reconstruction and quantification of selected perilesional and melanocytic nevus areas were possible. The region of melanocytic nevus showed higher numbers of total melanocytic dendrites and similar numbers of cell bodies compared with perilesional area. In addition, the mean area and volume of cell bodies increased in the melanocytic nevus area compared with the results in the perilesional area. The 3-D evaluation method of human epidermal melanocytes can be applied to investigate novel pathologies related to hyper- or hypo-pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hong Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Laws R, Steel DH, Rajan N. Research Techniques Made Simple: Volume Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:265-271.e1. [PMID: 34762923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Volume scanning electron microscopy (VSEM) involves the serial sectioning and imaging of a sample using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction using computer software packages to allow visualization of 3D structures. VSEM can reveal qualitative and quantitative properties of organelles and cells within tissues at nanoscale. The ability to visualize spatial relationships of structures of interest within and across cells in 3D space in particular sets VSEM apart from conventional SEM and transmission electron microscopy. Here, we provide an overview of VSEM platforms and image processing, highlighting characteristics that will aid selection of a method to address specific research questions in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Laws
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David H Steel
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Mizutani Y, Yamashita M, Hashimoto R, Atsugi T, Ryu A, Hayashi A, Rikimaru-Nishi Y, Ohta K. Three-dimensional structure analysis of melanocytes and keratinocytes in senile lentigo. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:224-231. [PMID: 32991711 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile lentigo or age spots are hyperpigmented macules of skin that commonly develop following long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This condition is caused by accumulation of large numbers of melanosomes (melanin granules) produced by melanocytes within neighboring keratinocytes. However, there is still no consensus regarding the melanosome transfer mechanism in senile lentigo. To date, most pathohistological studies of skin have been two-dimensional and do not provide detailed data on the complex interactions of the melanocyte-keratinocyte network involved in melanosome transfer. We performed a three-dimensional reconstruction of the epidermal microstructure in senile lentigo using three different microscopic modalities to visualize the topological melanocyte-keratinocyte relationship and melanosome distribution. Confocal laser microscopy images showed that melanocyte dendritic processes are more frequently branched and elongated in senile lentigo skin than in normal skin. Serial transmission electron micrographs showed that dendritic processes extend into intercellular spaces between keratinocytes. Focused ion beam-scanning electron micrographs showed that dendritic processes in senile lentigo encircle adjacent keratinocytes and accumulate large numbers of melanosomes. Moreover, melanosomes transferred to keratinocytes are present not only in the supranuclear area but throughout the perinuclear area except on the basal side. The use of these different microscopic methods helped to elucidate the three-dimensional morphology and topology of melanocytes and keratinocytes in senile lentigo. We show that the localization of melanosomes in dendritic processes to the region encircling recipient keratinocytes contributes to efficient melanosome transfer in senile lentigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizutani
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Mika Yamashita
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Rie Hashimoto
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Toru Atsugi
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Akemi Ryu
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Akinobu Hayashi
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005 Japan
| | - Yukiko Rikimaru-Nishi
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan
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Qu Y, Wang F, Liu J, Xia X. Clinical observation and dermoscopy evaluation of fractional CO 2 laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in melasma treatments. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:1110-1116. [PMID: 33565243 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is an acquired refractory pigmentary disorder, which is a skin disease that predominantly affects females. This investigation aims to assess the efficacy of a low-power fractional CO2 laser combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) for melasma topical treatment with MASI and dermoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized comparative split-face study was performed. Each treatment interval was 3 weeks with four times in total. At the same time, we applied TXA solution twice a day. Assessments were made by the MASI score of the melasma area severity index, and the dermoscopy performance was collected and analyzed. RESULTS After treatments, the patient MASI score decreased significantly. Compared with the baseline, the MASI score was significantly lower than that of control group (P < .05), and the decrease ratio was higher than that of controls. Dermoscopy examination results verified that all lesions performed reticuloglobular pattern, granular, or punctate, with no structural pigmentation and obvious capillary dilation. After comprehensive treatments, the pigmentation area displayed lighter chroma, the follicle pore uniformity was completely improved, and the capillary dilation was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Low-power fractional CO2 laser combined with topical TXA solution is a comparatively effective and safe method for melasma treatment. TXA could reduce the dilation of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- Dongying District People's Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying, China
| | - Junru Liu
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Laishan Branch, Yantai, China
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Hsu CH, Jiang YJ. Does Nicastrin Inadequacy Cause Melanocytotoxicity in Human Skin as in the Fish Counterpart? J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1334-1338. [PMID: 33058861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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