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Chen D, Zhang B, Zhang H, Shangguan Z, Sun C, Cui X, Liu X, Zhao Z, Liu G, Chen H. Laser Ablating Biomimetic Periodic Array Fish Scale Surface for Drag Reduction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:415. [PMID: 39056856 PMCID: PMC11274741 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing resistance to surface friction is challenging in the field of engineering. Natural biological systems have evolved unique functional surfaces or special physiological functions to adapt to their complex environments over centuries. Among these biological wonders, fish, one of the oldest in the vertebrate group, have garnered attention due to their exceptional fluid dynamics capabilities. Fish skin has inspired innovation in reducing surface friction due to its unique structures and material properties. Herein, drawing inspiration from the unique properties of fish scales, a periodic array of fish scales was fabricated by laser ablation on a polished aluminum template. The morphology of the biomimetic fish scale surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and a white-light interfering profilometer. Drag reduction performance was measured in a closed circulating water tunnel. The maximum drag reduction was 10.26% at a Reynolds number of 39,532, and the drag reduction performance gradually decreased with an increase in the distance between fish scales. The mechanism of the biomimetic drag reduction surface was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. Streamwise vortices were generated at the valley of the biomimetic fish scale, replacing sliding friction with rolling friction. These results are expected to provide a foundation for in-depth analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of fish and serve as new inspiration for drag reduction and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zheng Shangguan
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chenggang Sun
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xianxian Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Xu Z, Qi H, Gao P, Wang S, Liu X, Ma Y. Biomimetic Design of Soil-Engaging Components: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:358. [PMID: 38921238 PMCID: PMC11201693 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil-engaging components play a critical role in agricultural production and engineering construction. However, the soil-engaging components directly interacting with the soil often suffer from the problems of high resistance, adhesion, and wear, which significantly reduce the efficiency and quality of soil operations. A large number of featured studies on the design of soil-engaging components have been carried out while applying the principles of bionics extensively, and significant research results have been achieved. This review conducts a comprehensive literature survey on the application of biomimetics in the design of soil-engaging components. The focus is on performance optimization in regard to the following three aspects: draught reduction, anti-adhesion, and wear resistance. The mechanisms of various biomimetic soil-engaging components are systematically explained. Based on the literature analysis and biomimetic research, future trends in the development of biomimetic soil-engaging components are discussed from both the mechanism and application perspectives. This research is expected to provide new insights and inspiration for addressing related scientific and engineering challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Xu
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Peng Gao
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yunhai Ma
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China; (Z.X.); (H.Q.); (P.G.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
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Wu B, Zhang R, Hou P, Tong J, Zhou D, Yu H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Xin Y. Bionic Nonsmooth Drag Reduction Mathematical Model Construction and Subsoiling Verification. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:5113453. [PMID: 34845415 PMCID: PMC8627333 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a bionic nonsmooth drag-reducing surface design method was proposed; a mathematical model was developed to obtain the relationship between the altitude of the nonsmooth drag-reducing surface bulges and the spacing of two bulges, as well as the speed of movement, based on which two subsoiler shovel tips were designed and verified on field experiments. The mechanism of nonsmooth surface drag reduction in soil was analyzed, inspired by the efficient digging patterns of antlions. The nonsmooth surface morphology of the antlion was acquired by scanning electron microscopy, and a movement model of the nonsmooth surface in soil was developed, deriving that the altitude of the nonsmooth drag-reducing surface bulge is proportional to the square of the distance between two bulges and inversely proportional to the square of the movement speed. A flat subsoiler shovel tip and a curved tip were designed by applying this model, and the smooth subsoiler shovel tips and the pangolin scale bionic tips were used as controls, respectively. The effect of the model-designed subsoilers on drag reduction was verified by subsoiling experiments in the field. The results showed that the resistance of the model-designed curved subsoiler was the lowest, the resistance of the pangolin scale bionic subsoiler was moderate, and the resistance of the smooth surface subsoiler was the highest; the resistance of the curved subsoiler was less than the flat subsoilers; the resistance reduction rate of the model-designed curved subsoiler was 24.6% to 33.7% at different depths. The nonsmooth drag reduction model established in this study can be applied not only to the design of subsoilers but also to the design of nonsmooth drag reduction surfaces of other soil contacting parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguang Wu
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Ruize Zhang
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jin Tong
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Deyi Zhou
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Haiye Yu
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yuelin Xin
- The College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China
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Effect of Biomimetic Surface Geometry, Soil Texture, and Soil Moisture Content on the Drag Force of Soil-Touching Parts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil adhesion is a major problem for agricultural machinery, especially in sticky soils within the plastic range. One promising and practical way to minimize soil–tool adhesion is to modify the surface geometry to one inspired by soil-burrowing animals. In this study, 27 domed discs were fabricated according to an L27 (33) Taguchi orthogonal array and tested to determine the optimal dimensions of domed surfaces to reduce drag force. The optimized domed disc was tested in a soil bin under different soil conditions (soil texture: silty loam and sandy clay loam; soil moisture content: 23%, 30%, and 37%). All trials included a flat disc (without a dome pattern) as a control. The optimal dimensions of domed surfaces to generate the lowest possible drag force under the present experimental conditions were explored based on signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The optimal levels of control parameters were found at a surface coverage ratio of 60%, dome height of 5 mm, and dome base diameter of 20 mm. Statistics revealed that the dome height-to-diameter ratio and disc coverage ratio are crucial factors that influence the drag force of domed surfaces. In contrast, the dome base diameter had a limited influence on drag force. In all treatments, the drag force of the optimized domed disc was less than that of the flat disc (by about 9% to 25%, according to soil conditions). Accordingly, it can be concluded that adequately designed domed surfaces could significantly reduce the drag force in sticky soil compared to their flat counterparts.
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