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S S, V S. FACNN: fuzzy-based adaptive convolution neural network for classifying COVID-19 in noisy CXR images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:2893-2909. [PMID: 38710960 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 detection using chest X-rays (CXR) has evolved as a significant method for early diagnosis of the pandemic disease. Clinical trials and methods utilize X-ray images with computer and intelligent algorithms to improve detection and classification precision. This article thus proposes a fuzzy-based adaptive convolution neural network (FACNN) model to improve the detection precision by confining the false rates. The feature extraction process between the successive regions is validated using a fuzzy process that classifies labeled and unknown pixels. The membership functions are derived based on high precision features for detection and false rate suppression process. The convolution neural network process is responsible for increasing detection precision through recurrent training based on feature availability. This availability analysis is verified using fuzzy derivatives under local variances. Based on variance-reduced features, the appropriate regions with labeled and unknown features are used for normal or infected classification. Thus, the proposed FACNN improves accuracy, precision, and feature extraction by 14.36%, 8.74%, and 12.35%, respectively. This model reduces the false rate and extraction time by 10.35% and 10.66%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganyadevi S
- Department of ECE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 407, India.
| | - Seethalakshmi V
- Department of ECE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 407, India
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Reduwan NH, Abdul Aziz AA, Mohd Razi R, Abdullah ERMF, Mazloom Nezhad SM, Gohain M, Ibrahim N. Application of deep learning and feature selection technique on external root resorption identification on CBCT images. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38373931 PMCID: PMC10875886 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence has been proven to improve the identification of various maxillofacial lesions. The aim of the current study is two-fold: to assess the performance of four deep learning models (DLM) in external root resorption (ERR) identification and to assess the effect of combining feature selection technique (FST) with DLM on their ability in ERR identification. METHODS External root resorption was simulated on 88 extracted premolar teeth using tungsten bur in different depths (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm). All teeth were scanned using a Cone beam CT (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA). Afterward, a training (70%), validation (10%), and test (20%) dataset were established. The performance of four DLMs including Random Forest (RF) + Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG), RF + EfficienNetB4 (EFNET), Support Vector Machine (SVM) + VGG, and SVM + EFNET) and four hybrid models (DLM + FST: (i) FS + RF + VGG, (ii) FS + RF + EFNET, (iii) FS + SVM + VGG and (iv) FS + SVM + EFNET) was compared. Five performance parameters were assessed: classification accuracy, F1-score, precision, specificity, and error rate. FST algorithms (Boruta and Recursive Feature Selection) were combined with the DLMs to assess their performance. RESULTS RF + VGG exhibited the highest performance in identifying ERR, followed by the other tested models. Similarly, FST combined with RF + VGG outperformed other models with classification accuracy, F1-score, precision, and specificity of 81.9%, weighted accuracy of 83%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 96%. Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.008) in the prediction accuracy among the eight DLMs. CONCLUSION In general, all DLMs have similar performance on ERR identification. However, the performance can be improved by combining FST with DLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hidayah Reduwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000, Malaysia
| | - Azwatee Abdul Abdul Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Roziana Mohd Razi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Erma Rahayu Mohd Faizal Abdullah
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Seyed Matin Mazloom Nezhad
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Meghna Gohain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Abdellatef E, Emara HM, Shoaib MR, Ibrahim FE, Elwekeil M, El-Shafai W, Taha TE, El-Fishawy AS, El-Rabaie ESM, Eldokany IM, Abd El-Samie FE. Automated diagnosis of EEG abnormalities with different classification techniques. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:3363-3385. [PMID: 37672143 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Automatic seizure detection and prediction using clinical Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are challenging tasks due to factors such as low Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs), high variance in epileptic seizures among patients, and limited clinical data constraints. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents two approaches for EEG signal classification. One of these approaches depends on Machine Learning (ML) tools. The used features are different types of entropy, higher-order statistics, and sub-band energies in the Hilbert Marginal Spectrum (HMS) domain. The classification is performed using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers. Both seizure detection and prediction scenarios are considered. The second approach depends on spectrograms of EEG signal segments and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based residual learning model. We use 10000 spectrogram images for each class. In this approach, it is possible to perform both seizure detection and prediction in addition to a 3-state classification scenario. Both approaches are evaluated on the Children's Hospital Boston and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) dataset, which contains 24 EEG recordings for 6 males and 18 females. The results obtained for the HMS-based model showed an accuracy of 100%. The CNN-based model achieved accuracies of 97.66%, 95.59%, and 94.51% for Seizure (S) versus Pre-Seizure (PS), Non-Seizure (NS) versus S, and NS versus S versus PS classes, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed approaches can be effectively used for seizure detection and prediction. They outperform the state-of-the-art techniques for automatic seizure detection and prediction. Block diagram of proposed epileptic seizure detection method using HMS with different classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Abdellatef
- Department of Electronics and Communications, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), 35511, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba M Emara
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Shoaib
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fatma E Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elwekeil
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt.
- Security Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taha E Taha
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Adel S El-Fishawy
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim M Eldokany
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Fathi E Abd El-Samie
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Farhat F, Sohail SS, Alam MT, Ubaid S, Shakil, Ashhad M, Madsen DØ. COVID-19 and beyond: leveraging artificial intelligence for enhanced outbreak control. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1266560. [PMID: 38028660 PMCID: PMC10663297 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1266560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has brought significant changes to our political, social, and technological landscape. This paper explores the emergence and global spread of the disease and focuses on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in containing its transmission. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no scientific presentation of the early pictorial representation of the disease's spread. Additionally, we outline various domains where AI has made a significant impact during the pandemic. Our methodology involves searching relevant articles on COVID-19 and AI in leading databases such as PubMed and Scopus to identify the ways AI has addressed pandemic-related challenges and its potential for further assistance. While research suggests that AI has not fully realized its potential against COVID-19, likely due to data quality and diversity limitations, we review and identify key areas where AI has been crucial in preparing the fight against any sudden outbreak of the pandemic. We also propose ways to maximize the utilization of AI's capabilities in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Farhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohammed Talha Alam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ubaid
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shakil
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohd Ashhad
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Dag Øivind Madsen
- USN School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
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5
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Ghamry FM, Emara HM, Hagag A, El-Shafai W, El-Banby GM, Dessouky MI, El-Fishawy AS, El-Hag NA, El-Samie FEA. Efficient algorithms for compression and classification of brain tumor images. JOURNAL OF OPTICS 2023; 52:818-830. [DOI: 10.1007/s12596-022-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Emara HM, Shoaib MR, El-Shafai W, Elwekeil M, Hemdan EED, Fouda MM, Taha TE, El-Fishawy AS, El-Rabaie ESM, El-Samie FEA. Simultaneous Super-Resolution and Classification of Lung Disease Scans. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071319. [PMID: 37046537 PMCID: PMC10093568 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lower respiratory infection is a leading cause of death in developing countries. Hence, progress has been made for early detection and treatment. There is still a need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) have the potential to serve as effective screening tools for lower respiratory infections, but the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in these areas is limited. To address this gap, we present a computer-aided diagnostic system for chest X-ray and CT images of several common pulmonary diseases, including COVID-19, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung opacity, and various types of carcinoma. The proposed system depends on super-resolution (SR) techniques to enhance image details. Deep learning (DL) techniques are used for both SR reconstruction and classification, with the InceptionResNetv2 model used as a feature extractor in conjunction with a multi-class support vector machine (MCSVM) classifier. In this paper, we compare the proposed model performance to those of other classification models, such as Resnet101 and Inceptionv3, and evaluate the effectiveness of using both softmax and MCSVM classifiers. The proposed system was tested on three publicly available datasets of CT and X-ray images and it achieved a classification accuracy of 98.028% using a combination of SR and InceptionResNetv2. Overall, our system has the potential to serve as a valuable screening tool for lower respiratory disorders and assist clinicians in interpreting chest X-ray and CT images. In resource-limited settings, it can also provide a valuable diagnostic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Emara
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, High Institute of Electronic Engineering, Ministry of Higher Education, Bilbis-Sharqiya 44621, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Shoaib
- School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Security Engineering Lab, Computer Science Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elwekeil
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Ezz El-Din Hemdan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Taha E. Taha
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Adel S. El-Fishawy
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Taher F, Shoaib MR, Emara HM, Abdelwahab KM, Abd El-Samie FE, Haweel MT. Efficient framework for brain tumor detection using different deep learning techniques. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959667. [PMID: 36530682 PMCID: PMC9752904 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain tumor is an urgent malignancy caused by unregulated cell division. Tumors are classified using a biopsy, which is normally performed after the final brain surgery. Deep learning technology advancements have assisted the health professionals in medical imaging for the medical diagnosis of several symptoms. In this paper, transfer-learning-based models in addition to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) called BRAIN-TUMOR-net trained from scratch are introduced to classify brain magnetic resonance images into tumor or normal cases. A comparison between the pre-trained InceptionResNetv2, Inceptionv3, and ResNet50 models and the proposed BRAIN-TUMOR-net is introduced. The performance of the proposed model is tested on three publicly available Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) datasets. The simulation results show that the BRAIN-TUMOR-net achieves the highest accuracy compared to other models. It achieves 100%, 97%, and 84.78% accuracy levels for three different MRI datasets. In addition, the k-fold cross-validation technique is used to allow robust classification. Moreover, three different unsupervised clustering techniques are utilized for segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Taher
- College of Technological Innovative, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed R. Shoaib
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Emara
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt,*Correspondence: Heba M. Emara
| | | | - Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt,Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad T. Haweel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Alsaaidah B, Al-Hadidi MR, Al-Nsour H, Masadeh R, AlZubi N. Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Systems for COVID-19 Detection. J Imaging 2022; 8:267. [PMID: 36286361 PMCID: PMC9604704 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two years are considered the most crucial and critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting most life aspects worldwide. This virus spreads quickly within a short period, increasing the fatality rate associated with the virus. From a clinical perspective, several diagnosis methods are carried out for early detection to avoid virus propagation. However, the capabilities of these methods are limited and have various associated challenges. Consequently, many studies have been performed for COVID-19 automated detection without involving manual intervention and allowing an accurate and fast decision. As is the case with other diseases and medical issues, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides the medical community with potential technical solutions that help doctors and radiologists diagnose based on chest images. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the mentioned AI-based detection solution proposals is conducted. More than 200 papers are reviewed and analyzed, and 145 articles have been extensively examined to specify the proposed AI mechanisms with chest medical images. A comprehensive examination of the associated advantages and shortcomings is illustrated and summarized. Several findings are concluded as a result of a deep analysis of all the previous works using machine learning for COVID-19 detection, segmentation, and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Alsaaidah
- Department of Computer Science, Prince Abdullah bin Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology and Communications, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Moh’d Rasoul Al-Hadidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Power Engineering and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Heba Al-Nsour
- Department of Computer Science, Prince Abdullah bin Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology and Communications, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Raja Masadeh
- Computer Science Department, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman 11947, Jordan
| | - Nael AlZubi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Power Engineering and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
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9
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Ibrahim FE, Emara HM, El-Shafai W, Elwekeil M, Rihan M, Eldokany IM, Taha TE, El-Fishawy AS, El-Rabaie ESM, Abdellatef E, Abd El-Samie FE. Deep-learning-based seizure detection and prediction from electroencephalography signals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3573. [PMID: 35077027 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is among the main tools used for analyzing and diagnosing epilepsy. The manual analysis of EEG must be conducted by highly trained clinicians or neuro-physiologists; a process that is considered to have a comparatively low inter-rater agreement. Furthermore, the new data interpretation consumes an excessive amount of time and resources. Hence, an automatic seizure detection and prediction system can improve the quality of patient care in terms of shortening the diagnosis period, reducing manual errors, and automatically detecting debilitating events. Moreover, for patient treatment, it is important to alert the patients of epilepsy seizures prior to seizure occurrence. Various distinguished studies presented good solutions for two-class seizure detection problems with binary classification scenarios. To deal with these challenges, this paper puts forward effective approaches for EEG signal classification for normal, pre-ictal, and ictal activities. Three models are presented for the classification task. Two of them are patient-specific, while the third one is patient non-specific, which makes it better for the general classification tasks. The two-class classification is implemented between normal and pre-ictal activities for seizure prediction and between normal and ictal activities for seizure detection. A more generalized three-class classification framework is considered to identify all EEG signal activities. The first model depends on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with residual blocks. It contains thirteen layers with four residual learning blocks. It works on spectrograms of EEG signal segments. The second model depends on a CNN with three layers. It also works on spectrograms. On the other hand, the third model depends on Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) to eliminate the limitations of the spectrograms used in the first models. A five-layer CNN is used with this strategy. The advantage of the PSR is the direct projection from the time domain, which keeps the main trend of different signal activities. The third model deals with all signal activities, and it was tested for all patients of the CHB-MIT dataset. It has a superior performance compared to the first models and the state-of-the-art models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E Ibrahim
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Heba M Emara
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
- Security Engineering Lab, Computer Science Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elwekeil
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DIEI), University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, 03043, Italy
| | - Mohamed Rihan
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DIEI), University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, 03043, Italy
| | - Ibrahim M Eldokany
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Taha E Taha
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Adel S El-Fishawy
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M El-Rabaie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdellatef
- Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fathi E Abd El-Samie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Shoaib MR, Emara HM, Elwekeil M, El-Shafai W, Taha TE, El-Fishawy AS, El-Rabaie ESM, El-Samie FEA. Hybrid classification structures for automatic COVID-19 detection. JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING 2022; 13:4477-4492. [PMID: 35280854 PMCID: PMC8898749 DOI: 10.1007/s12652-021-03686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the issue of COVID-19 detection from X-ray images. X-ray images, in general, suffer from low quality and low resolution. That is why the detection of different diseases from X-ray images requires sophisticated algorithms. First of all, machine learning (ML) is adopted on the features extracted manually from the X-ray images. Twelve classifiers are compared for this task. Simulation results reveal the superiority of Gaussian process (GP) and random forest (RF) classifiers. To extend the feasibility of this study, we have modified the feature extraction strategy to give deep features. Four pre-trained models, namely ResNet50, ResNet101, Inception-v3 and InceptionResnet-v2 are adopted in this study. Simulation results prove that InceptionResnet-v2 and ResNet101 with GP classifier achieve the best performance. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) is also introduced in this paper to enhance the COVID-19 detection process. The selected classification hierarchy is also compared with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model built from scratch to prove its quality of classification. Simulation results prove that deep features and TL methods provide the best performance that reached 100% for accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Shoaib
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
| | - Heba M. Emara
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elwekeil
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
- Security Engineering Lab, Computer Science Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586 Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha E. Taha
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
| | - Adel S. El-Fishawy
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
| | - Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nazir T, Nawaz M, Javed A, Malik KM, Saudagar AKJ, Khan MB, Abul Hasanat MH, AlTameem A, AlKathami M. COVID-DAI: A novel framework for COVID-19 detection and infection growth estimation using computed tomography images. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2313-2330. [PMID: 35194866 PMCID: PMC9088346 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic is spreading at a fast pace around the world and has a high mortality rate. Since there is no proper treatment of COVID‐19 and its multiple variants, for example, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, being more infectious in nature are affecting millions of people, further complicates the detection process, so, victims are at the risk of death. However, timely and accurate diagnosis of this deadly virus can not only save the patients from life loss but can also prevent them from the complex treatment procedures. Accurate segmentation and classification of COVID‐19 is a tedious job due to the extensive variations in its shape and similarity with other diseases like Pneumonia. Furthermore, the existing techniques have hardly focused on the infection growth estimation over time which can assist the doctors to better analyze the condition of COVID‐19‐affected patients. In this work, we tried to overcome the shortcomings of existing studies by proposing a model capable of segmenting, classifying the COVID‐19 from computed tomography images, and predicting its behavior over a certain period. The framework comprises four main steps: (i) data preparation, (ii) segmentation, (iii) infection growth estimation, and (iv) classification. After performing the pre‐processing step, we introduced the DenseNet‐77 based UNET approach. Initially, the DenseNet‐77 is used at the Encoder module of the UNET model to calculate the deep keypoints which are later segmented to show the coronavirus region. Then, the infection growth estimation of COVID‐19 per patient is estimated using the blob analysis. Finally, we employed the DenseNet‐77 framework as an end‐to‐end network to classify the input images into three classes namely healthy, COVID‐19‐affected, and pneumonia images. We evaluated the proposed model over the COVID‐19‐20 and COVIDx CT‐2A datasets for segmentation and classification tasks, respectively. Furthermore, unlike existing techniques, we performed a cross‐dataset evaluation to show the generalization ability of our method. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation confirms that our method is robust to both COVID‐19 segmentation and classification and can accurately predict the infection growth in a certain time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Nazir
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Marriam Nawaz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Ali Javed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Malik
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Badruddin Khan
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mozaherul Hoque Abul Hasanat
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlTameem
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad AlKathami
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Ha YJ, Lee G, Yoo M, Jung S, Yoo S, Kim J. Feasibility study of multi-site split learning for privacy-preserving medical systems under data imbalance constraints in COVID-19, X-ray, and cholesterol dataset. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1534. [PMID: 35087165 PMCID: PMC8795162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It seems as though progressively more people are in the race to upload content, data, and information online; and hospitals haven't neglected this trend either. Hospitals are now at the forefront for multi-site medical data sharing to provide ground-breaking advancements in the way health records are shared and patients are diagnosed. Sharing of medical data is essential in modern medical research. Yet, as with all data sharing technology, the challenge is to balance improved treatment with protecting patient's personal information. This paper provides a novel split learning algorithm coined the term, "multi-site split learning", which enables a secure transfer of medical data between multiple hospitals without fear of exposing personal data contained in patient records. It also explores the effects of varying the number of end-systems and the ratio of data-imbalance on the deep learning performance. A guideline for the most optimal configuration of split learning that ensures privacy of patient data whilst achieving performance is empirically given. We argue the benefits of our multi-site split learning algorithm, especially regarding the privacy preserving factor, using CT scans of COVID-19 patients, X-ray bone scans, and cholesterol level medical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jeong Ha
- Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gusang Lee
- Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Yoo
- Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Jung
- Hallym University, School of Software, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seehwan Yoo
- Department of Mobile Systems Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, 16890, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joongheon Kim
- Korea University, School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kufel J, Bargieł K, Koźlik M, Czogalik Ł, Dudek P, Jaworski A, Cebula M, Gruszczyńska K. Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosing COVID-19 disease symptoms on chest X-rays: A systematic review. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1743-1752. [PMID: 36313227 PMCID: PMC9608047 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.76515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on using artificial intelligence (AI) to detect COVID-19 infection with the help of X-ray images. Methodology: In January 2022, the authors searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus using specific medical subject headings terms and filters. All articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers. All conflicts resulting from a misunderstanding were resolved by a third independent researcher. After assessing abstracts and article usefulness, eliminating repetitions and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were found to be qualified for this study. Results: The findings from individual studies differed due to the various approaches of the authors. Sensitivity was 72.59%-100%, specificity was 79%-99.9%, precision was 74.74%-98.7%, accuracy was 76.18%-99.81%, and the area under the curve was 95.24%-97.7%. Conclusion: AI computational models used to assess chest X-rays in the process of diagnosing COVID-19 should achieve sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity. Their results and performance should be repeatable to make them dependable for clinicians. Moreover, these additional diagnostic tools should be more affordable and faster than the currently available procedures. The performance and calculations of AI-based systems should take clinical data into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kufel
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bargieł
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Koźlik
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Czogalik
- Professor Zbigniew Religa Student Scientific Association at the Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Dudek
- Professor Zbigniew Religa Student Scientific Association at the Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Professor Zbigniew Religa Student Scientific Association at the Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Cebula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-754 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gruszczyńska
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-754 Katowice, Poland
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