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Zaman W, Ullah F, Park S. Foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of Apiaceae species endemic to Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, Republic of Korea. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37083080 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of the two endemic Apiaceae species of Korea Bupleurum latissimum Nakai and Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag. were investigated. The taxonomically important characteristics of these two species were identified and described to help understand their classical taxonomy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the anatomical characteristics of the studied species in detail. The comparative foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics were observed in the present research for the two-endemic species. Some of the most important foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics were observed to distinguish them, including the epidermal cell shape and size, stomata type, and trichomes shape and size. SEM provided sufficient evidence to distinguish the study species. The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics provide sufficient information to differentiate these two species from their closely related taxa. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Apiaceae species endemic to Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands exhibit unique foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics that can be used for taxonomic identification and classification. This study contributes to the documentation of the plant diversity of Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands, and highlights the need for further research on the biogeography and conservation of these endemic plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Kadluczka D, Sliwinska E, Grzebelus E. Combining genome size and pollen morphology data to study species relationships in the genus Daucus (Apiaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:382. [PMID: 35909100 PMCID: PMC9341078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Daucus (Apiaceae) comprises about 40 wild species and the cultivated carrot, a crop of great economic and nutritional importance. The rich genetic diversity of wild Daucus species makes them a valuable gene pool for carrot improvement breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to have good knowledge of the genome structure and relationships among wild Daucus species. To broaden such knowledge, in this research, the nuclear DNA content for 14 Daucus accessions and four closely related species was estimated by flow cytometry and their pollen morphology was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The flow cytometric analysis showed a 3.2-fold variation in the mean 2C values among Daucus taxa, ranging from 0.999 (D. carota subsp. sativus) to 3.228 pg (D. littoralis). Among the outgroup species, the mean 2C values were 1.775-2.882 pg. The pollen grains of Daucus were tricolporate, mainly prolate or perprolate (rarely) in shape, and mainly medium or small (rarely) in size (21.19-40.38 µm), whereas the outgroup species had tricolporate, perprolate-shaped, and medium-sized (26.01-49.86 µm) pollen grains. In the studied taxa, SEM analysis revealed that exine ornamentation was striate, rugulate, perforate, or the ornamentation pattern was mixed. At the time of shedding, all pollen grains were three-celled, as evidenced by DAPI staining. We also found high positive correlations between the length of the polar axis (P) and the length of the equatorial diameter (E) of pollen grains, as well as between P and P/E. However, when comparing cytogenetic information with palynological data, no significant correlations were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study complements the information on the nuclear DNA content in Daucus and provides comprehensive knowledge of the pollen morphology of its taxa. These findings may be important in elucidating the taxonomic relationships among Daucus species and can help in the correct identification of gene bank accessions. In a broader view, they could also be meaningful for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kadluczka
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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Majeed S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Ghufran A, Ayoub M, Sultana S, Yaseen G, Raza J, Nabila. Morpho-palynological and anatomical studies in desert cacti (Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia monacantha) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2801-2812. [PMID: 35411979 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia is the most diverse and widely distributed drought resistant promising genus of family Cactaceae. The cladodes were utilized to quantify the chemical composition of these plants helpful in lignocellulose conversion and their application towards biofuel production. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the taxonomic relationship based on morphology, stem anatomy and palynology of important desert cacti including Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia monacantha. This study also evaluates the potential usefulness of morphological, anatomical and pollen traits using light and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained microcharacters of stem and flowers are considered diagnostic at the generic and specific levels. Some distinguishing morphological features observed were elliptical to obovate cladodes, 1-7 spines per areole and presence of glochidia in O. dillenii. Pollen and stem anatomical characters of the studied taxa are considered highly diagnostic at the generic and species levels. The epidermis has irregular and wavy cells, with straight to sinuate wall pattern and paracytic stomata. Pollen grains appear as pantoporate and prolate spheroidal having reticulate to perforate-reticulate sculpturing while exine semi-tectate to tectate. The taxonomic features studied could be valuable to elaborate and helpful in correctly identification of Opuntia species. The methods of diverse microscopic examination also providing sufficient evidence about the taxonomy of the Opuntia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ghufran
- Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ayoub
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Self-Sustainable Buildin, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, Township Campus, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Raza
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Attique R, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Ghufran MA, Mustafa MRU, Yaseen G, Ahmad L, Sultana S, Nabila, Zafar A, Majeed S. Pollen morphology of selected melliferous plants and its taxonomic implications using microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2361-2380. [PMID: 35247018 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the melliferous bee flora pollen from arid zones of District Attock, Islamabad Capital and Rawalpindi. Morpho-palynological features has provided key information for the classification and help to explain the taxonomy of several genera and species. Therefore, in this work, we examined the morphological characters of pollen potentially to be used for the species delimitation of bee flora. A total of 18 bee floral species, classified into 12 different families were collected, pressed, identified and then acetolyized to observe the grains under microscopy. Bee pollen can be described by small, medium to large sized morphotypes presenting five types of shapes, prolate spheroidal in (seven species), sub-prolate (six species), oblate spheroidal (three species), oblate and prolate (one species each) was examined. The observed polar and equatorial diameter were found maximum in Zea mays 73.5 μm and Pelargonium inquinans 66.75 μm respectively. Pollen of six different types was found namely: tricolporate, 3-zonocolporate, monoportae, tetracolporate, tetraporate and mononsulcate. Whereas highest value of colpi length was measured in Grewia tenax (24.55 μm). Exine surface nature of pollen was examined echinate psilate and scabrate. Exine thickness noted to be maximum in Verbena tenuisecta (8.40 μm) and minimum in Citrus macrocarpa (0.4 μm). Bee floral species considered difficult to identify based on other morphological traits were successfully distinguished using pollen quantitative and qualitative traits, confirming the importance of pollen morphology to diagnose characters to correctly identify honeybee flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Attique
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ghufran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Latif Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqeela Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Yousaf Z, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Rozina, Ozdemir FA, Abidin SZU. Palyno-anatomical microscopic characterization of selected species of Boraginaceae and Fabaceae. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1332-1354. [PMID: 34953111 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Palyno-anatomical characterization of some selected species of Boraginaceae and Fabaceae using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted. Six species of them belongs to four genera of family Boraginaceae and other six species belongs to four genera of Fabaceae. The current study aimed to investigate palyno-anatomical features for correct identification and taxonomic significance. Pollen grains were acetolyzed and observed both qualitatively and quantitatively through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical data was analyzed through cluster analysis which categorized plants into clusters. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to illustrate morphological variation among selected plant species. Studied plant species showed variation in shape, size, aperture type, exine ornamentation of pollen, size and shape of epidermal cells, types of stomata, guard cells, subsidiary cells and trichome types. Exine thickness was recorded maximum 2.30 ± 0.1 μm in Lablab purpureus and minimum 1.05 ± 0.2 in Gastrocotyle hispida. PCA summarized 73.78% of accumulative variance. Trichome index was observed highest 62% on the adaxial surface of Heliotropium europaeum and lowest 21% on adaxial surface of L. purpureus. These findings reinforce the importance of palyno-anatomical features in the characterization and identification of taxa. It was concluded that description of palyno-anatomical characteristics presented in this study, highly contribute to our knowledge for correct identification of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Yousaf
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rozina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bingol University, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Botany Program), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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