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Raza S, Siddiqui JA, Srivastava A, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha RA, Chakravarti B. Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Tumors: The Cancer stem cell perspective. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:27694127.2024.2358648. [PMID: 39006309 PMCID: PMC7616179 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2358648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with a subpopulation of tumor cells known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with self-renewal and differentiation abilities that play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex area where diverse cancer cells reside creating a highly interactive environment with secreted factors, and the extracellular matrix. Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process, influences dynamic cellular processes in the tumor TME integrating diverse signals that regulate tumor development and heterogeneity. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword in the breast TME, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing roles. Autophagy promotes breast tumorigenesis by regulating tumor cell survival, migration and invasion, metabolic reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BCSCs harness autophagy to maintain stemness properties, evade immune surveillance, and resist therapeutic interventions. Conversely, excessive, or dysregulated autophagy may lead to BCSC differentiation or cell death, offering a potential avenue for therapeutic exploration. The molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy in BCSCs including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMPK, and Beclin-1 signaling pathways may be potential targets for pharmacological intervention in breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between autophagy and BCSCs, highlighting recent advancements in our understanding of their interplay. We also discuss the current state of autophagy-targeting agents and their preclinical and clinical development in BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
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2
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Li J, Bai M, Jia W, Zhai X, Wang M, Yu J, Zhu H. Irradiated tumor cell-released microparticles enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors by promoting M1-TAMs polarization in NSCLC brain metastases. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217133. [PMID: 39079563 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common sites of metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, BMs are not responsive to immunotherapy because of the blood-brain barrier. This is because intracranial immune cells such as M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, we focused on irradiated tumor cell-released microparticles (RT-MPs) that can cross the blood-brain barrier and influence the intracranial immune microenvironment. Using animal models of BMs, we observed that RT-MPs could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be swallowed by TAMs. Then the microenvironment of TAMs is shifted from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype, thereby modulating the interactions between TAMs and tumor cells. Single-cell sequencing analysis demonstrated that TAMs, after internalizing RT-MPs, active chemokine signaling pathways and secrete more chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL1, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL22, attracting more CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, improving immune-mediated killing, and enhancing subsequent combination anti-PD-1 therapy. These findings provide a preclinical foundation for exploring alternative treatments for patients with immunoresistant NSCLC BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menglin Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiao Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Qian C, Li X, Zhang J, Wang Y. Small Molecular Inhibitors That Target ATM for Drug Discovery: Current Research and Potential Prospective. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39149790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a constituent of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, exerting a pivotal influence on diverse cellular processes, notably the signaling of double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) and stress response. The dysregulation of ATM is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases such as neurodegeneration. Hence, ATM is deemed a promising candidate for potential therapeutic interventions across a spectrum of diseases. Presently, while ATM small molecule inhibitors are not commercially available, various selective inhibitors have progressed to the clinical research phase. Specifically, AZD1390, WSD0628, SYH2051, and ZN-B-2262 are under investigation in clinical studies pertaining to glioblastoma multiforme and advanced solid tumors, respectively. In this Perspective, we encapsulate the structure, biological functions, and disease relevance of ATM. Subsequently, we concentrate on the design concepts and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of ATM inhibitors, delineating potential avenues for the development of more efficacious ATM-targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan China
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Yang Y, Liu H, Guo K, Yu Q, Zhao Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Li W. Extracellular Vesicles from Compression-Loaded Cementoblasts Promote the Tissue Repair Function of Macrophages. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402529. [PMID: 39101239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Treatment strategies for hard tissue defects aim to establish a mineralized microenvironment that facilitates tissue remodeling. As a mineralized tissue, cementum shares a similar structure with bone and exhibits an excellent capacity to resist resorption under compression. Macrophages are crucial for mineralized remodeling; however, their functional alterations in the microenvironment of cementum remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study explores the mechanisms by which cementum resists resorption under compression and the regulatory roles of cementoblasts in macrophage functions. As a result, extracellular vesicles from compression-loaded cementoblasts (Comp-EVs) promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by 2- to 3-fold. Local injection of Comp-EVs relieves cementum destruction in mouse root resorption model by activating the tissue repair function of macrophages. Moreover, Comp-EV-loaded hydrogels achieve significant bone healing in calvarial bone defect. Unexpectedly, under compression, EV secretion in cementoblasts is reduced by half. RNA-Seq analysis and verification reveal that Rab35 expression decreases by 60% under compression, thereby hampering the release of EVs. Rab35 overexpression is proposed as a modification of cementoblasts to boost the yield of Comp-EVs. Collectively, Comp-EVs activate the repair function of macrophages, which will be a potential therapeutic strategy for hard tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kunyao Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qianyao Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Deepak K, Roy PK, Das CK, Mukherjee B, Mandal M. Mitophagy at the crossroads of cancer development: Exploring the role of mitophagy in tumor progression and therapy resistance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119752. [PMID: 38776987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Preserving a functional mitochondrial network is crucial for cellular well-being, considering the pivotal role of mitochondria in ensuring cellular survival, especially under stressful conditions. Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, plays a pivotal role in preserving cellular homeostasis by preventing the production of harmful reactive oxygen species from dysfunctional mitochondria. While the involvement of mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases has been thoroughly investigated, it is becoming increasingly evident that mitophagy plays a significant role in cancer biology. Perturbations in mitophagy pathways lead to suboptimal mitochondrial quality control, catalyzing various aspects of carcinogenesis, including establishing metabolic plasticity, stemness, metabolic reconfiguration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immunomodulation. While mitophagy performs a delicate balancing act at the intersection of cell survival and cell death, mounting evidence indicates that, particularly in the context of stress responses induced by cancer therapy, it predominantly promotes cell survival. Here, we showcase an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitophagy in cancer biology and its potential as a target for cancer therapy. Gaining a more comprehensive insight into the interaction between cancer therapy and mitophagy has the potential to reveal novel targets and pathways, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies for therapy-resistant tumors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepak
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pritam Kumar Roy
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Budhaditya Mukherjee
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Lab, School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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6
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Ren B, Li X, Zhang Z, Tai S, Yu S. Exosomes: a significant medium for regulating drug resistance through cargo delivery. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1379822. [PMID: 39135913 PMCID: PMC11317298 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid nanovesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm. They are present in all body fluids and are actively secreted by the majority of cells through the process of exocytosis. Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and act as significant molecular carriers in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as the emergence of drug resistance in tumors. Tumor-associated exosomes transfer drug resistance to other tumor cells by releasing substances such as multidrug resistance proteins and miRNAs through exosomes. These substances change the cell phenotype, making it resistant to drugs. Tumor-associated exosomes also play a role in impacting drug resistance in other cells, like immune cells and stromal cells. Exosomes alter the behavior and function of these cells to help tumor cells evade immune surveillance and form a tumor niche. In addition, exosomes also export substances such as tumoricidal drugs and neutralizing antibody drugs to help tumor cells resist drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in promoting drug resistance by delivering cargo in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Ren
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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7
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Peppicelli S, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Andreucci E. Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z. [PMID: 39023664 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and continuously evolving features of the tumor microenvironment, varying between tumor histotypes, are characterized by the presence of host cells and tumor cells embedded in a milieu shaped by hypoxia and low pH, resulting from the frequent imbalance between vascularity and tumor cell proliferation. These microenvironmental metabolic stressors play a crucial role in remodeling host cells and tumor cells, contributing to the stimulation of cancer cell heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and multidrug resistance, ultimately leading to progression and metastasis. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures released into the extracellular milieu by tumor/host cells, are now recognized as critical drivers in the complex intercellular communication between tumor cells and the local cellular components in a hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between tumor and host cells within a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, triggered by the release of EVs, could pave the way for innovative strategies to disrupt the complex interplay of cancer cells with their microenvironment. This approach may contribute to the development of an efficient and safe therapeutic strategy to combat cancer progression. Therefore, we review the major findings on the release of EVs in a hypoxic/acidic tumor microenvironment to appreciate their role in tumor progression toward metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
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Duan J, Huang Z, Qin S, Li B, Zhang Z, Liu R, Wang K, Nice EC, Jiang J, Huang C. Oxidative stress induces extracellular vesicle release by upregulation of HEXB to facilitate tumour growth in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12468. [PMID: 38944674 PMCID: PMC11214608 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in triggering tumour-aggressive behaviours. However, the energetic process by which tumour cells produce EVs remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) in mediating EV release in response to oxidative stress, thereby promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), leading to the upregulation of both HEXB and its antisense lncRNA HEXB-AS. HEXB-AS can bind HEXB to form a protein/RNA complex, which elevates the protein stability of HEXB. The stabilized HEXB interacts with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), disrupting lysosome-multivesicular body (MVB) fusion, which protects EVs from degradation. Knockdown of HEXB efficiently inhibits EV release and curbs HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeting HEXB by M-31850 significantly inhibits HCC growth, especially when combined with GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome release. Our results underscore the critical role of HEXB as a modulator that promotes EV release during HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
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9
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Xue Y, Ying Z, Wang F, Yin M, Pei Y, Liu J, Liu Q. The Effects and Mechanism of ATM Kinase Inhibitors in Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6947. [PMID: 39000057 PMCID: PMC11241798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an important opportunistic pathogen, underscores the necessity of developing novel therapeutic drugs and identifying new drug targets. Our findings indicate that the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of KU60019 and CP466722 (abbreviated as KU and CP) against T. gondii are 0.522 μM and 0.702 μM, respectively, with selection indices (SI) of 68 and 10. Treatment with KU and CP affects the in vitro growth of T. gondii, inducing aberrant division in the daughter parasites. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that KU and CP prompt the anomalous division of T. gondii, accompanied by cellular enlargement, nuclear shrinkage, and an increased dense granule density, suggesting potential damage to parasite vesicle transport. Subsequent investigations unveil their ability to modulate the expression of certain secreted proteins and FAS II (type II fatty acid synthesis) in T. gondii, as well as including the dot-like aggregation of the autophagy-related protein ATG8 (autophagy-related protein 8), thereby expediting programmed death. Leveraging DARTS (drug affinity responsive target stability) in conjunction with 4D-Label-free quantitative proteomics technology, we identified seven target proteins binding to KU, implicated in pivotal biological processes such as the fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial ATP transmission, microtubule formation, and Golgi proteins transport in T. gondii. Molecular docking predicts their good binding affinity. Furthermore, KU has a slight protective effect on mice infected with T. gondii. Elucidating the function of those target proteins and their mechanism of action with ATM kinase inhibitors may potentially enhance the treatment paradigm for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Xue
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zhu Ying
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Fei Wang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Meng Yin
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yanqun Pei
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jing Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.P.)
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Zhang TQ, Lv QY, Jin WL. The cellular-centered view of hypoxia tumor microenvironment: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189137. [PMID: 38880161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a profoundly dynamic, heterogeneous and aggressive systemic ailment, with a coordinated evolution of various types of tumor niches. Hypoxia plays an indispensable role in the tumor micro-ecosystem, drastically enhancing the plasticity of cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells and orchestrating intercellular communication. Hypoxia-induced signals, particularly hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), drive the reprogramming of genetic, transcriptional, and proteomic profiles. This leads to a spectrum of interconnected processes, including augmented survival of cancer cells, evasion of immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and the development of resistance to conventional therapeutic modalities like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here, we summarize the latest research on the multifaceted effects of hypoxia, where a multitude of cellular and non-cellular elements crosstalk with each other and co-evolve in a synergistic manner. Additionally, we investigate therapeutic approaches targeting hypoxic niche, encompassing hypoxia-activated prodrugs, HIF inhibitors, nanomedicines, and combination therapies. Finally, we discuss some of the issues to be addressed and highlight the potential of emerging technologies in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian-Yu Lv
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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11
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Fu J, Lin J, Dai Z, Lin B, Zhang J. Hypoxia-associated autophagy flux dysregulation in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216823. [PMID: 38521197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A general feature of cancer is hypoxia, determined as low oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels may cause cells to alter in ways that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Hypoxia leads to variations in cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment might induce immunosuppression. Moreover, hypoxia has the potential to impact cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy refers to the catabolic process by which damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules are broken down. The abnormal activation of autophagy has been extensively recorded in human tumors and it serves as a regulator of cell growth, spread to other parts of the body, and resistance to treatment. There is a correlation between hypoxia and autophagy in human malignancies. Hypoxia can regulate the activity of AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, and ATGs to govern autophagy in human malignancies. Furthermore, HIF-1α, serving as an indicator of low oxygen levels, controls the process of autophagy. Hypoxia-induced autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the growth, spread, and resistance to treatment in human malignancies. Hypoxia-induced regulation of autophagy can impact other mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis. Chemoresistance and radioresistance have become significant challenges in recent years. Hypoxia-mediated autophagy plays a crucial role in determining the response to these therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Baisheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.
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12
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Wang H, Wang R, Shen K, Huang R, Wang Z. Biological Roles and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Breast Cancer: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4620. [PMID: 38731840 PMCID: PMC11083446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health risk for women and has a high prevalence rate. The drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of BC affect patient prognosis, thus posing a challenge to scientists. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from various cells; they have a double-layered lipid membrane structure and contain rich biological information. They mediate intercellular communication and have pivotal roles in tumor development, progression, and metastasis and drug resistance. Exosomes are important cell communication mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomes are utilized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for estimating the treatment efficacy of BC and have the potential to function as tools to enable the targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. This review introduces recent progress in research on how exosomes influence tumor development and the TME. We also present the research progress on the application of exosomes as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
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13
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Chen C, Liu J, Lin X, Xiang A, Ye Q, Guo J, Rui T, Xu J, Hu S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulated cell death in tumors: insights into apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:189. [PMID: 38649701 PMCID: PMC11035635 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main stromal component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play multifaceted roles in cancer progression through paracrine signaling, exosome transfer, and cell interactions. Attractively, recent evidence indicates that CAFs can modulate various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) in adjacent tumor cells, thus involving cancer proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. Here, we present a brief introduction to CAFs and basic knowledge of RCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. In addition, we further summarize the different types of RCD in tumors that are mediated by CAFs, as well as the effects of these modes of RCD on CAFs. This review will deepen our understanding of the interactions between CAFs and RCD and might offer novel therapeutic avenues for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aizhai Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwei Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Rui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Huang Q, Ge Y, He Y, Wu J, Tong Y, Shang H, Liu X, Ba X, Xia D, Peng E, Chen Z, Tang K. The Application of Nanoparticles Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3333-3365. [PMID: 38617796 PMCID: PMC11012801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially in solid tumors. It has been confirmed that it can not only interact with tumor cells to promote cancer progression and metastasis, but also affect the infiltration and function of immune cells to induce chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance. So, targeting CAF has been considered an important method in cancer treatment. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides a good perspective to improve the efficiency of targeting CAF. At present, more and more researches have focused on the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting CAF. These studies explored the effects of different types of NPs on CAF and the multifunctional nanomedicines that can eliminate CAF are able to enhance the EPR effect which facilitate the anti-tumor effect of themselves. There also exist amounts of studies focusing on using NPs to inhibit the activation and function of CAF to improve the therapeutic efficacy. The application of NPs targeting CAF needs to be based on an understanding of CAF biology. Therefore, in this review, we first summarized the latest progress of CAF biology, then discussed the types of CAF-targeting NPs and the main strategies in the current. The aim is to elucidate the application of NPs in targeting CAF and provide new insights for engineering nanomedicine to enhance immune response in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojie Shang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhuo Ba
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wang Y, Wen J, Lu T, Han W, Jiao K, Li H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3233-3257. [PMID: 38601346 PMCID: PMC11005933 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s441467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver various bioactive molecules among cells, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown therapeutic potential similar to MSCs but with drawbacks such as lower yield, reduced biological activities, off-target effects, and shorter half-lives. Improving strategies utilizing biotechniques to pretreat MSCs and enhance the properties of released EVs, as well as modifying MSC-EVs to enhance targeting abilities and achieve controlled release, shows potential for overcoming application limitations and enhancing therapeutic effects in treating bone-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in functionalizing MSC-EVs to treat bone-related diseases. Firstly, we underscore the significance of MSC-EVs in facilitating crosstalk between cells within the skeletal environment. Secondly, we highlight strategies of functional-modified EVs for treating bone-related diseases. We explore the pretreatment of stem cells using various biotechniques to enhance the properties of resulting EVs, as well as diverse approaches to modify MSC-EVs for targeted delivery and controlled release. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities for further research on MSC-EVs in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Xu Y, Shao B, Zhang Y. The significance of targeting lysosomes in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308070. [PMID: 38370407 PMCID: PMC10869645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular digestive organelles that participate in various physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of immune checkpoint molecules, immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, antigen presentation, metabolism, and autophagy. Abnormalities or dysfunction of lysosomes are associated with the occurrence, development, and drug resistance of tumors. Lysosomes play a crucial role and have potential applications in tumor immunotherapy. Targeting lysosomes or harnessing their properties is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms and approaches related to lysosomes in tumor immunotherapy are not fully understood at present, and further basic and clinical research is needed to provide better treatment options for cancer patients. This review focuses on the research progress related to lysosomes and tumor immunotherapy in these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Lyu C, Sun H, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. Roles of exosomes in immunotherapy for solid cancers. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:106. [PMID: 38302430 PMCID: PMC10834551 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress, its efficacy in solid tumours remains unsatisfactory. Exosomes are the main type of extracellular vesicles that can deliver various intracellular molecules to adjacent or distant cells and organs, mediating various biological functions. Studies have found that exosomes can both activate the immune system and inhibit the immune system. The antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) carried in exosomes make it possible to develop them as anticancer vaccines. Exosomes derived from blood, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid can be used as ideal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In recent years, exosome-based therapy has made great progress in the fields of drug transportation and immunotherapy. Here, we review the composition and sources of exosomes in the solid cancer immune microenvironment and further elaborate on the potential mechanisms and pathways by which exosomes influence immunotherapy for solid cancers. Moreover, we summarize the potential clinical application prospects of engineered exosomes and exosome vaccines in immunotherapy for solid cancers. Eventually, these findings may open up avenues for determining the potential of exosomes for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in solid cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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18
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shen L. Claudin-18.2 mediated interaction of gastric Cancer cells and Cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:27. [PMID: 38200591 PMCID: PMC10777637 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) has emerged as an alluring therapeutic target against gastrointestinal tumors in recent years. However, a thorough understanding of its regulatory mechanism in gastric cancer remains elusive. METHODS We presented a comprehensive study comprising 185 gastric cancer patients, which included 112 cases with high CLDN18.2 expression and 73 cases with low CLDN18.2 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. After overdressed CLDN18.2 in AGS and NUGC4 cell lines, we elucidated the functions of CLDN18.2 in connecting gastric cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through an in vitro adhesion models and in vivo lung colonization models. The molecular mechanism underlying CLDN18.2-mediated interaction between gastric cancer cells and CAFs was identified through RNA sequencing and protein-proximity labeling techniques in vivo. RESULTS In our own cohort, a correlation was observed between high levels of CLDN18.2 expression and advanced cancer stage, poor prognosis, and heightened infiltration of CAFs. We elucidated a pivotal role of CLDN18.2 in mediating adhesion between gastric cancer cells and CAFs, which leads to the adhesion of cancer cells to stroma tissue and facilitates the clustering of cancer cells and CAFs into embolus, enhancing gastric cancer's metastatic progression and the risk of embolic death. Mechanistically, it was discovered that CAFs can activate adhesion and metastasis-related signaling pathways in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, using an in vivo protein-proximity labeling approach, we identified S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) as a distinctive marker of CAFs that interacts with CLDN18.2 to enhance gastric cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illuminated the role of the CLDN18.2-mediated interaction between cancer cells and CAFs in promoting gastric cancer progression and embolism, thereby providing insight into potential therapeutic avenues for CLDN18.2 positive cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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19
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Xu J, Bian L, You D, Li Z, Wang T, Li Y, Ren X, He Y. PDGF-BB accelerates TSCC via fibroblast lactates limiting miR-26a-5p and boosting mitophagy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38169376 PMCID: PMC10763357 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in tumor development, and their metabolic coupling remains unclear. Clinical data showed a positive correlation between PDGF-BB, CAFs, and glycolysis in the tumor microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. In vitro, CAFs are derived from hOMF cells treated with PDGF-BB, which induces their formation and promotes aerobic glycolysis. Mitophagy increased the PDGF-BB-induced formation of CAF phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis, while autophagy inhibition blocked PDGF-BB-induced effects. Downregulation of miR-26a-5p was observed in CAFs; upregulation of miR-26a-5p inhibited the expression of mitophagy-related proteins ULKI, Parkin, PINK1, and LC3 and aerobic glycolysis in PDGF-BB-induced CAFs. PDGF-BB-induced CAFs promoted tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, NF-κB signaling pathway activation, and PDGF-BB secretion. Thus, PDGF-BB is associated with lactate-induced CAF formation and glucose metabolism reprogramming. These findings indicate potential therapeutic targets in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Dingyun You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- Department of oral Implantology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 1088 Haiyuan Central Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China.
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 1088 Haiyuan Central Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China.
- Qujing Medical College, Qujing, 655011, China.
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20
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Zhang C, Li H, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Jia J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Zhang J, Zhang J. Hypoxic microenvironment promotes dermal fibroblast migration and proliferation via a BNIP3-autophagy pathway. FEBS J 2024; 291:358-375. [PMID: 37873601 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon injury, nearby cells, including fibroblasts at the wound edge, are often found in a hypoxic microenvironment. Nevertheless, the influence of hypoxia on skin fibroblasts is poorly understood. Using previously established mouse full-thickness wounds, we show that Bcl-2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) expression was significantly elevated at the wound edge, and hypoxia treatment enhanced BNIP3 expression in fibroblasts. Interestingly, BNIP3 promoted the migration and proliferation, as well as the activation of autophagy, in fibroblasts under hypoxia. The hypoxia-induced autophagy was found to induce the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, a process that could be reversed by knocking down the autophagy-related gene for autophagy protein 5, ATG5. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) was significantly upregulated in fibroblasts under hypoxia treatment, and HIF-1α knockdown attenuated the hypoxia-induced expression of BNIP3 and the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. Altogether, our results establish the hypoxia-BNIP3-autophagy signaling axis as a newly identified regulatory mechanism of skin fibroblast migration and proliferation upon wounding. Autophagy intervening might thus represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqing Yu
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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21
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Hou W, Xu L, Su T, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wei Y. Hypoxia Induces Tumor-Derived Exosome SNHG16 to Mediate Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression through the miR-23b-5p/MCM6 Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:275-295. [PMID: 37119503 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanism of tumor-derived exosomal (EVs) SNHG16 in promoting the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SNHG16, miR-23b-5p and MCM6 in NPC. MTT, flow cytometry and transwell were used to detect the effects of them on the proliferation, cycle, apoptosis and invasion ability of NPC. Transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting and BCA were used to verify the regulation of exosome secretion under different oxygen environments. Our results showed that hypoxia induces tumor-derived exosome SNHG16 to mediate NPC progression through the miR-23b-5p/MCM6 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yang Ling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yang Ling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangao Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yang Ling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Li T, Tian L, Cao J, Liu M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secret extracellular vesicles to support cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101934. [PMID: 37777021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
As the critical components of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support the development of various type of cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), but the detailed molecular mechanisms by which cancer-associated fibroblasts interact with LSCC cells to facilitate its progression have not been fully uncovered. In the present study, by analyzing the contents from normal fibroblasts (NFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) with Real-Time qPCR analysis, we found that the tumor-initiating LncRNA TUC338 was significantly upregulated in the cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles, compared to the normal fibroblasts-secreted extracellular vesicles. Further experiments confirmed that cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles promoted cell proliferation, colony formation abilities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis of LSCC cells via delivering LncRNA TUC338. The mechanical experiments verified that LncRNA TUC338 was stabilized by METTL3/YTHDF1-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications, and elevated LncRNA TUC338 sponged miR-8485 to upregulate chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) in LSCC cells in a competing endogenous RNA mechanisms-dependent manner. Moreover, our rescue experiments evidenced that cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived LncRNA TUC338-containing extracellular vesicles-induced supportive effects in LSCC aggressiveness were all abrogated by overexpressing miR-8485 and silencing CBX2. Collectively, this study is the first to identify a novel m6A/LncRNA TUC338/miR-8485/CBX2 axis in CAFs-EVs-mediated LSCC development, and to show its potential as a diagnostic biomarker for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Yiyuan Street No. 37, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Linli Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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23
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Lee S, Son JY, Lee J, Cheong H. Unraveling the Intricacies of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Implications in Cancer Biology. Cells 2023; 12:2742. [PMID: 38067169 PMCID: PMC10706449 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential lysosome-mediated degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis and viability in response to various intra- and extracellular stresses. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that is involved in the intricate removal of dysfunctional mitochondria during conditions of metabolic stress. In this review, we describe the multifaceted roles of autophagy and mitophagy in normal physiology and the field of cancer biology. Autophagy and mitophagy exhibit dual context-dependent roles in cancer development, acting as tumor suppressors and promoters. We also discuss the important role of autophagy and mitophagy within the cancer microenvironment and how autophagy and mitophagy influence tumor host-cell interactions to overcome metabolic deficiencies and sustain the activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a stromal environment. Finally, we explore the dynamic interplay between autophagy and the immune response in tumors, indicating their potential as immunomodulatory targets in cancer therapy. As the field of autophagy and mitophagy continues to evolve, this comprehensive review provides insights into their important roles in cancer and cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Lee
- Branch of Molecular Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Branch of Molecular Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science & Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Branch of Molecular Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-Y.S.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science & Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea;
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24
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Zhang W, Wang J, Liu C, Li Y, Sun C, Wu J, Wu Q. Crosstalk and plasticity driving between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment: significance of breast cancer metastasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:827. [PMID: 37978384 PMCID: PMC10657029 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell population in breast tumors. A functionally diverse population of CAFs increases the dynamic complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The intertwined network of the TME facilitates the interaction between activated CAFs and breast cancer cells, which can lead to the proliferation and invasion of breast cells. Considering the special transmission function of CAFs, the aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the crosstalk between CAFs and breast cancer cells in the TME as well as the relationship between CAFs and extracellular matrix (ECM), soluble cytokines, and other stromal cells in the metastatic state. The crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment also provides a plastic therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis. In the course of the study, the inhibitory effects of different natural compounds on targeting CAFs and the advantages of different drug combinations were summarized. CAFs are also widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The cumulative research on this phenomenon supports the establishment of a targeted immune microenvironment as a possible breakthrough in the prevention of invasive metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China.
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China.
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
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25
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Rydz L, Wróbel M, Janik K, Jurkowska H. Hypoxia-Induced Changes in L-Cysteine Metabolism and Antioxidative Processes in Melanoma Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1491. [PMID: 37892173 PMCID: PMC10604596 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed on human primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cell lines developed from the same individual. The expression of proteins involved in L-cysteine metabolism (sulfurtransferases, and cystathionine β-synthase) and antioxidative processes (thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase-1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 1) as well as the level of sufane sulfur, and cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions were investigated. Hypoxia in WM115 and WM266-4 cells was confirmed by induced expression of carbonic anhydrase IX and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 by the RT-PCR and Western blot methods. It was shown that, under hypoxic conditions the inhibition of WM115 and WM266-4 melanoma cell proliferation was associated with decreased expression of thioredoxin reductase-1 and cystathionine β-synthase. These two enzymes may be important therapeutic targets in the treatment of melanoma. Interestingly, it was also found that in normoxia the expression and activity of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in metastatic WM266-4 melanoma cells was significantly higher than in primary melanoma WM115 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Halina Jurkowska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (L.R.); (M.W.); (K.J.)
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26
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Reichlmeir M, Canet-Pons J, Koepf G, Nurieva W, Duecker RP, Doering C, Abell K, Key J, Stokes MP, Zielen S, Schubert R, Ivics Z, Auburger G. In Cerebellar Atrophy of 12-Month-Old ATM-Null Mice, Transcriptome Upregulations Concern Most Neurotransmission and Neuropeptide Pathways, While Downregulations Affect Prominently Itpr1, Usp2 and Non-Coding RNA. Cells 2023; 12:2399. [PMID: 37830614 PMCID: PMC10572167 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive disorder Ataxia-Telangiectasia is caused by a dysfunction of the stress response protein, ATM. In the nucleus of proliferating cells, ATM senses DNA double-strand breaks and coordinates their repair. This role explains T-cell dysfunction and tumour risk. However, it remains unclear whether this function is relevant for postmitotic neurons and underlies cerebellar atrophy, since ATM is cytoplasmic in postmitotic neurons. Here, we used ATM-null mice that survived early immune deficits via bone-marrow transplantation, and that reached initial neurodegeneration stages at 12 months of age. Global cerebellar transcriptomics demonstrated that ATM depletion triggered upregulations in most neurotransmission and neuropeptide systems. Downregulated transcripts were found for the ATM interactome component Usp2, many non-coding RNAs, ataxia genes Itpr1, Grid2, immediate early genes and immunity factors. Allelic splice changes affected prominently the neuropeptide machinery, e.g., Oprm1. Validation experiments with stressors were performed in human neuroblastoma cells, where ATM was localised only to cytoplasm, similar to the brain. Effect confirmation in SH-SY5Y cells occurred after ATM depletion and osmotic stress better than nutrient/oxidative stress, but not after ATM kinase inhibition or DNA stressor bleomycin. Overall, we provide pioneer observations from a faithful A-T mouse model, which suggest general changes in synaptic and dense-core vesicle stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reichlmeir
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.R.); (J.C.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Júlia Canet-Pons
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.R.); (J.C.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Gabriele Koepf
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.R.); (J.C.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Wasifa Nurieva
- Transposition and Genome Engineering, Research Centre of the Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany; (W.N.); (Z.I.)
| | - Ruth Pia Duecker
- Division of Pediatrics, Pulmonology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (R.P.D.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Claudia Doering
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Kathryn Abell
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA; (K.A.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Jana Key
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.R.); (J.C.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Matthew P. Stokes
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA; (K.A.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division of Pediatrics, Pulmonology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (R.P.D.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
- Respiratory Research Institute, Medaimun GmbH, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division of Pediatrics, Pulmonology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (R.P.D.); (S.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Transposition and Genome Engineering, Research Centre of the Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany; (W.N.); (Z.I.)
| | - Georg Auburger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Exp. Neurology, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.R.); (J.C.-P.); (J.K.)
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27
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK signaling pathways during breast tumor progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:556. [PMID: 37596669 PMCID: PMC10439650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) as one of the most common causes of human deaths among women, is always considered one of the global health challenges. Despite various advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, a significant percentage of BC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of therapeutic response. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in BC progression can improve the therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in these patients. Cytokine and growth factor-dependent signaling pathways play a key role during BC progression. In addition to cytokines and growth factors, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also important roles in regulation of such signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of lncRNAs in regulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in breast tumor cells. It has been shown that lncRNAs mainly have an oncogenic role through the promotion of these signaling pathways in BC. This review can be an effective step in introducing the lncRNAs inhibition as a probable therapeutic strategy to reduce tumor growth by suppression of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in BC patients. In addition, considering the oncogenic role and increased levels of lncRNAs expressions in majority of the breast tumors, lncRNAs can be also considered as the reliable diagnostic markers in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Ren Y, Yang P, Li C, Wang WA, Zhang T, Li J, Li H, Dong C, Meng W, Zhou H. Ionizing radiation triggers mitophagy to enhance DNA damage in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:267. [PMID: 37507394 PMCID: PMC10382586 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy that causes DNA damage in tumor cells either directly or indirectly. Autophagy is a physiological process linked to DNA damage. Mitophagy is a form of autophagy, which specifically targets and eliminates impaired mitochondria, thereby upholding cellular homeostasis. However, the connection between DNA damage and mitophagy has yet to be fully elucidated. We found that mitophagy, as an upstream signal, increases ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage by downregulating or overexpressing key mitophagy proteins Parkin and BNIP3. Enhancing the basal level of mitophagy in conjunction with X-ray irradiation can potentially diminish cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, substantially elevate the accumulation of γ-H2AX, 53BP1, and PARP1 foci within the nucleus, augment DNA damage, and facilitate the demise of tumor cells. Consequently, this approach prolongs the survival of melanoma-bearing mice. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer a therapeutic approach for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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29
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Georgieva I, Tchekalarova J, Iliev D, Tzoneva R. Endothelial Senescence and Its Impact on Angiogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11344. [PMID: 37511104 PMCID: PMC10379128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress factors that, above a certain threshold, trigger cellular senescence and apoptosis. The altered vascular function affects new vessel formation and endothelial fitness, contributing to the progression of age-related diseases. This narrative review highlights the complex interplay between senescence, oxidative stress, extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular matrix and emphasizes the crucial role of angiogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between the vascular and nervous systems is essential for the development of a healthy brain, especially since neurons are exceptionally dependent on nutrients carried by the blood. Therefore, anomalies in the delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors and the consequences of disrupted angiogenesis, such as misalignment, vascular leakage and disturbed blood flow, are responsible for neurodegeneration. The implications of altered non-productive angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease due to dysregulated Delta-Notch and VEGF signaling are further explored. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction to modulate angiogenesis and vascular aging and to mitigate the associated debilitating symptoms are discussed. Moreover, both the roles of extracellular vesicles in stress-induced senescence and as an early detection marker for Alzheimer's disease are considered. The intricate relationship between endothelial senescence and angiogenesis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis-related disorders and opens avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Iliev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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30
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Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhao T, Chen Y, Luo Y, Dong Y, Tang H, Jiang J. Real-Time Monitoring of Exosomes Secretion from Single Cell Using Dual-Nanopore Biosensors. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37368982 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes secreted from cells carry rich information from their parent cells, representing a promising biomarker for investigation of diseases. We develop a dual-nanopore biosensor using DNA aptamers to specifically recognize CD63 protein on the exosome's surface, which enables label-free exosome detection based on ionic current change. The sensor allows for sensitive detection of exosomes with a detection limit of 3.4 × 106 particles/mL. The dual-nanopore biosensor was able to form an intrapipette electric circuit for ionic current measurement due to its unique structure, which is crucial to achieve detection of exosome secretion from a single cell. We utilized a microwell array chip to entrap a single cell into a confined microwell with small volume, enabling the accumulation of exosomes with high concentration. The dual-nanopore biosensor was positioned into the microwell with a single cell, and monitoring of exosome secretion from a single cell in different cell lines and under different stimulations has been achieved. Our design may provide a useful platform for developing nanopore biosensors for detecting cell secretions from a single living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangcan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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31
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Miaomiao S, Xiaoqian W, Yuwei S, Chao C, Chenbo Y, Yinghao L, Yichen H, Jiao S, Kuisheng C. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosome microRNA-21 promotes angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9671. [PMID: 37316504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, and angiogenesis determines its progression. In the tumor microenvironment, normal fibroblasts (NFs) are transformed into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which can promote angiogenesis. Microribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21) is highly expressed in various tumors. However, research on the relationship between tumor angiogenesis and miR-21 is rare. We analyzed the relationship between miR-21, CAFs, and angiogenesis in MM. NFs and CAFs were isolated from the bone marrow fluids of patients with dystrophic anemia and newly-diagnosed MM. Co-culturing of CAF exosomes with multiple myeloma endothelial cells (MMECs) showed that CAF exosomes were able to enter MMECs in a time-dependent manner and initiate angiogenesis by promoting proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. We found that miR-21 was abundant in CAF exosomes, entering MMECs and regulating angiogenesis in MM. By transfecting NFs with mimic NC, miR-21 mimic, inhibitor NC, and miR-21 inhibitor, we found that miR-21 significantly increased the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast activation protein in NFs. Our results showed that miR-21 can transform NFs into CAFs, and that CAF exosomes promote angiogenesis by carrying miR-21 into MMECs. Therefore, CAF-derived exosomal miR-21 may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Miaomiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiaoqian
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou Yuwei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chenbo
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yinghao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yichen
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kuisheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Jia W, Yuan J, Cheng B, Ling C. Targeting tumor-derived exosome-mediated premetastatic niche formation: The metastasis-preventive value of traditional Chinese medicine. Cancer Lett 2023:216261. [PMID: 37302563 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosome (TDE)-mediated premetastatic niche (PMN) formation is a potential mechanism underlying the organotropic metastasis of primary tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown considerable success in preventing and treating tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we discussed PMN formation from the perspectives of TDE biogenesis, cargo sorting, and TDE recipient cell alterations, which are critical for metastatic outgrowth. We also reviewed the metastasis-preventive effects of TCM, which act by targeting the physicochemical materials and functional mediators of TDE biogenesis, regulating the cargo sorting machinery and secretory molecules in TDEs, and targeting the TDE-recipient cells involved in PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jia
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Changquan Ling
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
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Qiu Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Du YE, Yin G, Luo H, Wen S, Lang L, Liu M, Tang X. TCF12 regulates exosome release from epirubicin-treated CAFs to promote ER+ breast cancer cell chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166727. [PMID: 37137433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant stromal cells in the microenvironment and play important roles in tumor progression, including chemoresistance. However, the response of CAFs to chemotherapeutics and their effects on chemotherapeutic outcomes are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that epirubicin (EPI) treatment triggered ROS which initiated autophagy in CAFs, TCF12 inhibited autophagy flux and further promoted exosome secretion. Inhibition of EPI-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or suppression of autophagic initiation with short interfering RNA (siRNA) against ATG5 blunted exosome release from CAFs. Furthermore, exosome secreted from EPI-treated CAFs not only prevented ROS accumulation in CAFs but also upregulated the CXCR4 and c-Myc protein levels in recipient ER+ breast cancer cells, thus promoting EPI resistance of tumor cells. Together, the current study provides novel insights into the role of stressed CAFs in promoting tumor chemoresistance and reveal a new function of TCF12 in regulating autophagy impairment and exosome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Basic Medical School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-E Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyang Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lei Lang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. The impact of hypoxia on extracellular vesicle secretome profile of cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:128. [PMID: 36964452 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key mediators of cell-to-cell communications and signal transporters between tumor and stroma, and hypoxia is a critical characteristic of tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid cancers. Hypoxia stimulates tumor cells to generate and secrete more EVs, and the EVs shed from cancer transfer biological information to boost hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) functionality. Hypoxia alters EV secretome profile to carry pro-tumorigenic factors for promoting numerous tumor-related processes including increased cancer cell proliferation and survival, immune escape, aberrant angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. Exosomal hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an essential driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness profile in cancer. Hypoxic cancer-derived EVs are also contributed to therapy resistance. In fact, EVs are messengers of hypoxic tolerance in cancer, which enable adaptation of tumor cells to changes occurring within TME for their further resistance and metastasis. Tracing EVs shed from hypoxic tumor cells into plasma provide important information about the genomic signature of cancer. In this review, we aimed to discuss about key tumorigenic events promoted by inter-connections between hypoxia and EVs, mainly exosomes, secreted into tumor area focusing on key hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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35
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu F. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Versatile mediators in remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110567. [PMID: 36538999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer therapeutic strategies are generally not sufficient to eradicate malignancy, as cancer stroma cells contribute to tumor evasion and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a largely heterogeneous type of stromal cell population and are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs are the most abundant stromal cell type and are actively involved in tumor progression through complex mechanisms involving effects on other cell types. Research conducted in recent years has emphasized an emerging function of CAFs in the remodeling of the TME that promotes tumor progression with effects on response to treatment by various molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive mechanism of tumor-promoting activities of CAFs could facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, the biological characterization of CAFs and the mechanisms of their effects on TME remodeling are summarized. Furthermore, we also highlight currently available therapeutic strategies targeting CAF in the context of optimizing the success of immunotherapies and briefly discuss possible future perspectives and challenges related to CAF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China.
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36
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Wang X, Wu R, Zhai P, Liu Z, Xia R, Zhang Z, Qin X, Li C, Chen W, Li J, Zhang J. Hypoxia promotes EV secretion by impairing lysosomal homeostasis in HNSCC through negative regulation of ATP6V1A by HIF-1α. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12310. [PMID: 36748335 PMCID: PMC9903130 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells under hypoxia tend to modulate the number and contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate the tumour microenvironment (TME) and thus promote tumour progression. However, the mechanism of how hypoxia influences the secretion of EVs remains to be elucidated. Here, we confirm the increased production of EVs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells under hypoxia, where endosome-derived EVs are the main subtype affected by insufficient O2 . The accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxia directly downregulates the expression of ATP6V1A, which is pivotal to maintain the homeostasis of lysosomes. Subsequently, impaired lysosomal degradation contributes to the reduced fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with lysosomes and enables the secretion of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) as EVs. These findings establish a HIF-1α-regulated lysosomal dysfunction-EV release axis and provide an exquisite framework to better understand EV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Ruoyi Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Peisong Zhai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Chuwen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of StomatologyShanghaiPRChina
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
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37
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Rao DY, Huang DF, Si MY, Lu H, Tang ZX, Zhang ZX. Role of exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142539. [PMID: 37122754 PMCID: PMC10130367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important mediator of information transfer between cells, exosomes play a unique role in regulating tumor growth, supporting vascular proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids, and therefore they can be used as a potential tool for non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present study reviews the role of exosomes in liquid biopsy, tumor microenvironment formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy as a first-line treatment for patients with NSCLC, this study also briefly describes the occurrence of EGRF+ exosomes and the role of exosomes and their contents in non-invasive detection and potential therapeutic targets in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - De-Fa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mao-Yan Si
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Xian Tang, ; Zu-Xiong Zhang,
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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38
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Luo X, Li Y, Hua Z, Xue X, Wang X, Pang M, Xiao C, Zhao H, Lyu A, Liu Y. Exosomes-mediated tumor metastasis through reshaping tumor microenvironment and distant niche. J Control Release 2023; 353:327-336. [PMID: 36464063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are the particular communicator and messenger between tumor cells and other cells containing cancer-associated genetic materials and proteins. And TDEs who are also one of the important components consisting of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can reshape and interact with TME to promote tumor development and metastasis. Moreover, due to their long-distance transmission by body fluids, TDEs can facilitate the formation of pre-metastatic niche to support tumor colonization. We discuss the main characteristics and mechanism of TDE-mediated tumor metastasis by reshaping TME and pre-metastatic niche as well as the potential of TDEs for diagnosing tumor and predicting future metastatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshi Pang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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39
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Xia Y, Duan S, Han C, Jing C, Xiao Z, Li C. Hypoxia-responsive nanomaterials for tumor imaging and therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1089446. [PMID: 36591450 PMCID: PMC9798000 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1089446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important component of tumor microenvironment and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. With the distinctive physiochemical properties and biological effects, various nanoparticles targeting hypoxia had raised great interest in cancer imaging, drug delivery, and gene therapy during the last decade. In the current review, we provided a comprehensive view on the latest progress of novel stimuli-responsive nanomaterials targeting hypoxia-tumor microenvironment (TME), and their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Future prospect and challenges of nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shao Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaozhe Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengwei Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zunyu Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Chao Li, ; Zunyu Xiao,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Chao Li, ; Zunyu Xiao,
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40
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Jin Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Yang W, Feng Q, Wang H. Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Biol Res 2022; 55:35. [PMID: 36435789 PMCID: PMC9701380 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released membrane vesicles that act as carriers of proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. With various biomolecules and specific ligands, EV has represented a novel form of information transfer, which possesses extremely outstanding efficiency and specificity compared to the classical signal transduction. In addition, EV has extended the concept of signal transduction to intercellular aspect by working as the collection of extracellular information. Therefore, the functions of EVs have been extensively characterized and EVs exhibit an exciting prospect for clinical applications. However, the biogenesis of EVs and, in particular, the regulation of this process by extracellular signals, which are essential to conduct further studies and support optimal utility, remain unclear. Here, we review the current understanding of the biogenesis of EVs, focus on the regulation of this process by extracellular signals and discuss their therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Ma
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China.
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41
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Han QF, Li WJ, Hu KS, Gao J, Zhai WL, Yang JH, Zhang SJ. Exosome biogenesis: machinery, regulation, and therapeutic implications in cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:207. [PMID: 36320056 PMCID: PMC9623991 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps, including cargo sorting, MVB formation and maturation, transport of MVBs, and MVB fusion with the plasma membrane. Each process is modulated through the competition or coordination of multiple mechanisms, whereby diverse repertoires of molecular cargos are sorted into distinct subpopulations of exosomes, resulting in the high heterogeneity of exosomes. Intriguingly, cancer cells exploit various strategies, such as aberrant gene expression, posttranslational modifications, and altered signaling pathways, to regulate the biogenesis, composition, and eventually functions of exosomes to promote cancer progression. Therefore, exosome biogenesis-targeted therapy is being actively explored. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in understanding the machinery of exosome biogenesis and how it is regulated in the context of cancer. In particular, we highlight pharmacological targeting of exosome biogenesis as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- grid.412536.70000 0004 1791 7851Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Kai-Shun Hu
- grid.412536.70000 0004 1791 7851Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jie Gao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wen-Long Zhai
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Clinical Systems Biology Key Laboratories of Henan, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,Henan Diagnosis & Treatment League for Hepatopathy, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102027. [PMID: 36297462 PMCID: PMC9607910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is a subset of bladder cancer with a significant risk for metastases and death. It accounts for nearly 25% of bladder cancer diagnoses. A diagnostic work-up for MIBC is inclusive of urologic evaluation, radiographic imaging with a CT scan, urinalysis, and cystoscopy. These evaluations, especially cystoscopy, are invasive and carry the risk of secondary health concerns. Non-invasive diagnostics such as urine cytology are an attractive alternative currently being investigated to mitigate the requirement for cystoscopy. A pitfall in urine cytology is the lack of available options with high reliability, specificity, and sensitivity to malignant bladder cells. Exosomes are a novel biomarker source which could resolve some of the concerns with urine cytology, due to the high specificity as the surrogates of tumor cells. This review serves to define muscle invasive bladder cancer, current urine cytology methods, the role of exosomes in MIBC, and exosomes application as a diagnostic tool in MIBC. Urinary exosomes as the specific populations of extracellular vesicles could provide additional biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity to bladder malignancies, which are a consistent source of cellular information to direct clinicians for developing treatment strategies. Given its strong presence and differentiation ability between normal and cancerous cells, exosome-based urine cytology is highly promising in providing a perspective of a patient’s bladder cancer.
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Targeted inhibition of tumor-derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic option for cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1379-1389. [PMID: 36117219 PMCID: PMC9534887 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play critical roles in tumor development and progression by regulating components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Moreover, due to their delivery of critical molecules that react to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, TDEs also contribute to tumor drug resistance and impede the effective response of antitumor immunotherapy, thereby leading to poor clinical outcomes. There is a pressing need for the inhibition or removal of TDEs to facilitate the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. Here, in the present review, we systematically overviewed the current strategies for TDE inhibition and clearance, providing novel insights for future tumor interventions in translational medicine. Moreover, existing challenges and potential prospects for TDE-targeted cancer therapy are also discussed to bridge the gaps between progress and promising applications. Inhibiting or removing tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), tiny membrane-bound packets of DNA, RNA, and proteins secreted by tumors, may improve cancer therapies. TDEs can suppress the body’s immune response, promote tumor progression and spread, and reduce efficacy of cancer drugs and immunotherapy. Gang Chen at Wuhan University, China, and co-workers have reviewed ways to remove or inhibit production of TDEs. They report that disruption of the genes for production of TDEs, drugs that inhibit TDE secretion, and removal of TDEs via plasma exchange or dialysis are all being investigated and show promise for reducing patient TDE load, thereby increasing the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs and immunotherapy. Future challenges include reducing side effects and finding less invasive ways to filter out TDEs. Gaining a better understanding of TDEs may help to improve therapies for many types of cancer.
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44
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Meng L, Song K, Li S, Kang Y. Exosomes: Small Vesicles with Important Roles in the Development, Metastasis and Treatment of Breast Cancer. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080775. [PMID: 36005690 PMCID: PMC9414313 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has now overtaken lung cancer as the most common cancer, while no biopredictive marker isolated from biological fluids has yet emerged clinically. After traditional chemotherapy, with the huge side effects brought by drugs, patients also suffer from the double affliction of drugs to the body while fighting cancer, and they often quickly develop drug resistance after the drug, leading to a poor prognosis. And the treatment of some breast cancer subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), is even more difficult. Exosomes (Exos), which are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) with nanoscale acellular structures ranging in diameter from 40 to 160 nm, can be isolated from various biological fluids and have been widely studied because they are derived from the cell membrane, have extremely small diameter, and are widely involved in various biological activities of the body. It can be used directly or modified to make derivatives or to make some analogs for the treatment of breast cancer. This review will focus on the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer initiation, progression, invasion as well as metastasis and the therapeutic role of exosomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling’ao Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.K.)
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45
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Kim I, Choi S, Yoo S, Lee M, Kim IS. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143321. [PMID: 35884382 PMCID: PMC9320406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers have regions of low oxygen concentration where hypoxia-related signaling pathways are activated. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been widely accepted as a hallmark of cancer and shown to be a critical factor in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells. Fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cellular components in the tumor stroma and are also significantly affected by oxygen deprivation. In this case, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions and their effect on cancer development and progression. Unraveling these regulatory mechanisms could be exploited in developing potential fibroblast-specific therapeutics for cancer. Abstract Solid cancers are composed of malignant cells and their surrounding matrix components. Hypoxia plays a critical role in shaping the tumor microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression and treatment failure. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most prominent components of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are highly sensitive to hypoxia and participates in the crosstalk with cancer cells. Hypoxic CAFs modulate several mechanisms that induce cancer malignancy, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Key signaling molecules regulating CAFs in hypoxia include transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In this article, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the hypoxic regulation of CAFs and how hypoxic CAFs affect cancer development and progression. We also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies focused on targeting CAFs in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Sanga Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seongkyeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (I.-S.K.)
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46
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Howard M, Erickson J, Cuba Z, Kim S, Zhou W, Gade P, Carter R, Mitchell K, Branscome H, Siddhi D, Alanazi F, Kim Y, Araujo RP, Haymond A, Luchini A, Kashanchi F, Liotta LA. A secretory form of Parkin-independent mitophagy contributes to the repertoire of extracellular vesicles released into the tumour interstitial fluid in vivo. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12244. [PMID: 35879267 PMCID: PMC9314315 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the in vivo interstitial fluid (IF) content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the GFP-4T1 syngeneic murine cancer model to study EVs in-transit to the draining lymph node. GFP labelling confirmed the IF EV tumour cell origin. Molecular analysis revealed an abundance of IF EV-associated proteins specifically involved in mitophagy and secretory autophagy. A set of proteins required for sequential steps of fission-induced mitophagy preferentially populated the CD81+/PD-L1+ IF EVs; PINK1, TOM20, and ARIH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (required for Parkin-independent mitophagy), DRP1 and FIS1 (mitochondrial peripheral fission), VDAC-1 (ubiquitination state triggers mitophagy away from apoptosis), VPS35, SEC22b, and Rab33b (vacuolar sorting). Comparing in vivo IF EVs to in vitro EVs revealed 40% concordance, with an elevation of mitophagy proteins in the CD81+ EVs for both murine and human cell lines subjected to metabolic stress. The export of cellular mitochondria proteins to CD81+ EVs was confirmed by density gradient isolation from the bulk EV isolate followed by anti-CD81 immunoprecipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and MitoTracker export into CD81+ EVs. We propose the 4T1 in vivo model as a versatile tool to functionally characterize IF EVs. IF EV export of fission mitophagy proteins has broad implications for mitochondrial function and cellular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Howard
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary Cuba
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Shawn Kim
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Purva Gade
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Carter
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelsey Mitchell
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Daivik Siddhi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Robyn P Araujo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
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47
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Wang N, Yu M, Fu Y, Ma Z. Blocking ATM Attenuates SKOV3 Cell Proliferation and Migration by Disturbing OGT/OGA Expression via hsa-miR-542-5p. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839508. [PMID: 35795059 PMCID: PMC9251376 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a crucial player in DNA repair responses, has been proposed as a promising strategy in anti-cancer therapy. Most previous studies have focused on DNA damage response-related pathways after administration of ATM inhibitors. However, ATM inhibition could potentially influence a wide range of changes in gene expression, which remain poorly defined. Here, we report that administration of the ATM inhibitor KU60019 led to impaired migration and enhanced apoptosis in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, accompanied by abnormally elevated O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase expression levels. In addition, KU60019 treatment significantly suppressed expression of hsa-miR-542-5p in SKOV3 cells. Up-regulation of hsa-miR-542-5p expression inhibited increases in OGT and OGA level, and reversed the effects of ATM inhibition on apoptosis and migration in SKOV3 cells. Finally, we found aberrant expression of OGT and OGA to be associated with ovarian cancer patient survival. Taken together, our results suggest that ATM inhibition may promote SKOV3 cell apoptosis via suppressing hsa-miR-542-5p and elevating OGT and OGA expression, providing new insights into the application of ATM inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Gynaecology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Gynaecology I, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanchuan Ma, ; Yan Fu,
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanchuan Ma, ; Yan Fu,
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48
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Liu D, Tang J, Xu H, Yuan K, Aryee AA, Zhang C, Meng H, Qu L, Li Z. Split-aptamer mediated regenerable temperature-sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of tumour exosomes. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1219:340027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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49
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Hu D, Li Z, Zheng B, Lin X, Pan Y, Gong P, Zhuo W, Hu Y, Chen C, Chen L, Zhou J, Wang L. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:401-434. [PMID: 35481621 PMCID: PMC9118050 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the function of immune cells. CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer. We hope that summarizing CAF-related studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF-targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdi Hu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yuehong Pan
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Peirong Gong
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China.,Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Hu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Lini Chen
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
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50
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Jiang H, Zhao H, Zhang M, He Y, Li X, Xu Y, Liu X. Hypoxia Induced Changes of Exosome Cargo and Subsequent Biological Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824188. [PMID: 35444652 PMCID: PMC9013908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are secreted by almost all types of cells and exist in almost all extracellular spaces. As an important mediator of intercellular communication, exosomes encapsulate the miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA, mRNA, cytokine, enzyme, lipid, and other components from the cytoplasm into its closed single membrane structure and transfer them to recipient units in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension and is involved in many pathological processes. Hypoxia influences the size, quantity, and expression of exosome cargos. Exosomes derived from hypoxic tumor cells transfer genetics, proteins, and lipids to the recipient units to exert pleiotropic effects. Different donor cells produce different cargo contents, target different recipient units and lead to different biological effects. Hypoxic exosomes derived from tumor cells uptaken by normoxic tumor cells lead to promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion; uptaken by extracellular space or liver lead to promoted metastasis; uptaken by endothelial cells lead to promoted angiogenesis; uptaken by immune cells lead to promoted macrophage polarization and changed tumor immune microenvironment. In addition to various types of tumors, hypoxic exosomes also participate in the development of diseases in the cardiovascular system, neuron system, respiratory system, hematology system, endocrine system, urinary system, reproduction system, and skeletomuscular system. Understanding the special characteristics of hypoxic exosomes provide new insight into elaborating the pathogenesis of hypoxia related disease. This review summarizes hypoxia induced cargo changes and the biological effects of hypoxic exosomes in tumors and non-malignant diseases in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqiu Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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