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Bao W, Xie L, Zeng X, Kang H, Wen S, Cui B, Li W, Qian Y, Wu J, Li T, Deng K, Xin HB, Wang X. A Cocktail-Inspired Male Birth Control Strategy with Physical/Chemical Dual Contraceptive Effects and Remote Self-Cleared Properties. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1003-1011. [PMID: 30698012 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by cocktails, we designed a medium term (2-20 weeks) male contraceptive strategy. Through a sequential injection process of four reagents (calcium alginate hydrogel, PEG-Au nanoparticles (PEG-AuNps), EDTA, and PEG-AuNps), physical clogging of the vas deferens and chemical inhibition of the sperm motility were realized simultaneously. The contraceptive period could be directly preset by adjusting the injection ratio of each reagent. More interesting, the embolism area could be readily dredged through a short-time noninvasive near-infrared irradiation. The present study offered an effective and reversible manner to fill the gap of current medium-term contraceptive strategy. In addition, the proposed in vivo pipeline plugging technology, with a flexible noninvasive self-cleared characteristic, might also provide a convenient and reliable strategy for some other biomedical engineering researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Bao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Basic Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Hang Kang
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Ben Cui
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Wenting Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Yisong Qian
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Keyu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
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Elkomy AE, Zahran S, El-Azab A, Azab ME. Effects of Substitution of Alfalfa Meal with Dried Tomato Pomace (DTP) in Newzealand Male Rabbits Rations on Semen Characteristics and Some Blood Constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.590.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Loux SC, Macías-Garcia B, González-Fernández L, Canesin HD, Varner DD, Hinrichs K. Regulation of axonemal motility in demembranated equine sperm. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:152. [PMID: 25339104 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine in vitro fertilization is not yet successful because equine sperm do not effectively capacitate in vitro. Results of previous studies suggest that this may be due to failure of induction of hyperactivated motility in equine sperm under standard capacitating conditions. To evaluate factors directly affecting axonemal motility in equine sperm, we developed a demembranated sperm model and analyzed motility parameters in this model under different conditions using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Treatment of ejaculated equine sperm with 0.02% Triton X-100 for 30 sec maximized both permeabilization and total motility after reactivation. The presence of ATP was required for motility of demembranated sperm after reactivation, but cAMP was not. The calculated intracellular pH of intact equine sperm was 7.14 ± 0.07. Demembranated sperm showed maximal total motility at pH 7. Neither increasing pH nor increasing calcium levels, nor any interaction of the two, induced hyperactivated motility in demembranated equine sperm. Motility of demembranated sperm was maintained at free calcium concentrations as low as 27 pM, and calcium arrested sperm motility at much lower concentrations than those reported in other species. Calcium arrest of sperm motility was not accompanied by flagellar curvature, suggesting a failure of calcium to induce the tonic bend seen in other species and thought to support hyperactivated motility. This indicated an absence, or difference in calcium sensitivity, of the related asymmetric doublet-sliding proteins. These studies show a difference in response to calcium of the equine sperm axoneme to that reported in other species that may be related to the failure of equine sperm to penetrate oocytes in vitro under standard capacitating conditions. Further work is needed to determine the factors that stimulate hyperactivated motility at the axonemal level in equine sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavahn C Loux
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Beatríz Macías-Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Lauro González-Fernández
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Heloisa DeSiqueira Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Katrin Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Valsa J, Skandhan KP, Khan PS, Sumangala B, Gondalia M. Split ejaculation study: semen parameters and calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma. Cent European J Urol 2012; 65:216-8. [PMID: 24578965 PMCID: PMC3921810 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2012.04.art7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Male infertility is on the rise. Artificial insemination is an option in many cases like oligozoospermia or oligoasthenozoospermia. Homologous insemination is helpful for some couples in whom sperm count is low. This study was aimed to understand the most suitable portion of split ejaculate for insemination and also the level of calcium and magnesium in each split. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total number of 31 normal and clinically healthy adults participated in this study. They were instructed to maintain abstinence for 2-5 days prior to sample collection in three splits. Each split was evaluated as if it were a whole sample, following WHO criteria. Seminal plasma was separated. Calcium and magnesium levels were measured in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of each split. RESULTS The split ejaculate study revealed that the first portion contained a higher number of spermatozoa with better motility than the 2nd and 3rd splits. Similarly, the level of calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma and spermatozoa was greater in the first split, followed by 2(nd) and 3(rd) splits. CONCLUSION The presented split ejaculate study has shown the first ejaculate as superior in quality in terms of total sperm count and percentage of active motility. The first split of ejaculation is recommended for homologous artificial insemination in case of oligozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia. This study has also shown that a major portion of two important elements, calcium and magnesium, is contributed by the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Valsa
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Surat, India
| | | | - Pulikkal Sahab Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Sir Syed Institute for Technical Studies Taliparamba, Kannur, India
| | - Balakrishnan Sumangala
- Department of Pathology, Sree Narayama Institute of Medical Science Chalakka, Ernakulam, India
| | - Meenaxi Gondalia
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Surat, India
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Lasko J, Schlingmann K, Klocke A, Mengel GA, Turner R. Calcium/calmodulin and cAMP/protein kinase-A pathways regulate sperm motility in the stallion. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:169-77. [PMID: 22687341 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the importance of sperm motility to fertility in the stallion, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate motility in this species. In other mammals, calcium/calmodulin signaling and the cyclic AMP/protein kinase-A pathway are involved in sperm motility regulation. We hypothesized that these pathways also were involved in the regulation of sperm motility in the stallion. Using immunoblotting, calmodulin and the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β were shown to be present in stallion sperm and with indirect immunofluorescence calmodulin was localized to the acrosome and flagellar principal piece. Additionally, inhibition of either calmodulin or protein kinase-A significantly reduced sperm motility without affecting viability. Following inhibition of calmodulin, motility was not restored with agonists of the cyclic AMP/protein kinase-A pathway. These data suggest that calcium/calmodulin and cyclic AMP/protein kinase-A pathways are involved in the regulation of stallion sperm motility. The failure of cyclic AMP/protein kinase-A agonists to restore motility of calmodulin inhibited sperm suggests that both pathways may be required to support normal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Lasko
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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6
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Valsa J, Skandhan KP, Gusani PH, Sahab Khan P, Amith S. Quality of 4-hourly ejaculates--levels of calcium and magnesium. Andrologia 2012; 45:10-7. [PMID: 22540387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A four-hourly ejaculation study was conducted in which eleven normal healthy subjects participated. Five of them discontinued after submitting three samples. One alone was present for submission at the end of 16 h (fifth ejaculate), which was his last submission. Physical exhaustion was the sole reason for all participants for their discontinuation from the study. The result showed a decrease in semen volume and sperm count from first to last ejaculate. The increase in motility was probably due to reduction in exposure time to sperm motility inhibitory factors. In general, total motile spermatozoa as well as actively motile spermatozoa progressively increased from first to last ejaculate at the cost of sluggish spermatozoa. A significant increase in seminal plasma calcium and magnesium was seen as well as a significant increase in magnesium inside the cell from the first to the fourth ejaculate. Considering the quality of semen, which was good in sperm count and excellent in motility, calcium and magnesium may be helpful in cleaning motility inhibitory factors of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valsa
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Surat, India
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7
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SUZUKI-MIGISHIMA R, HINO T, TAKABE M, ODA K, MIGISHIMA F, MORIMOTO Y, YOKOYAMA M. Marked Improvement of Fertility of Cryopreserved C57BL/6J Mouse Sperm by Depletion of Ca2+ in Medium. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:386-92. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miho TAKABE
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences
| | - Kanako ODA
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences
| | | | | | - Minesuke YOKOYAMA
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University
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8
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Qi H, Moran MM, Navarro B, Chong JA, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, Kirichok Y, Ramsey IS, Quill TA, Clapham DE. All four CatSper ion channel proteins are required for male fertility and sperm cell hyperactivated motility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:1219-23. [PMID: 17227845 PMCID: PMC1770895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610286104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa become motile at ejaculation, but before they can fertilize the egg, they must acquire more thrust to penetrate the cumulus and zona pellucida. The forceful asymmetric motion of hyperactivated spermatozoa requires Ca2+ entry into the sperm tail by an alkalinization-activated voltage-sensitive Ca2+-selective current (ICatSper). Hyperactivation requires CatSper1 and CatSper2 putative ion channel genes, but the function of two other related genes (CatSper3 and CatSper4) is not known. Here we show that targeted disruption of murine CatSper3 or CatSper4 also abrogated ICatSper, sperm cell hyperactivated motility and male fertility but did not affect spermatogenesis or initial motility. Direct protein interactions among CatSpers, the sperm specificity of these proteins, and loss of ICatSper in each of the four CatSper-/- mice indicate that CatSpers are highly specialized flagellar proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Qi
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Magdalene M. Moran
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Betsy Navarro
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Jayhong A. Chong
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Grigory Krapivinsky
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Luba Krapivinsky
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Yuriy Kirichok
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - I. Scott Ramsey
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Timothy A. Quill
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - David E. Clapham
- *Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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9
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Rota A, Peña AI, Linde-Forsberg C, Rodriguez-Martinez H. In vitro capacitation of fresh, chilled and frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa assessed by the chloretetracycline assay and changes in motility patterns. Anim Reprod Sci 1999; 57:199-215. [PMID: 10610039 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(99)00056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of preservation on capacitation status of dog spermatozoa was investigated. Split ejaculates from six dogs were assessed as fresh, chilled for 24 h and rewarmed, and frozen-thawed samples. Capacitation-like status was assessed using the chlortetracycline (CTC)-assay and the measurement of sperm motility patterns using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Evaluations were performed on washed spermatozoa immediately after dilution in a Tris-fructose-citrate buffer (TFC) or in canine capacitation medium (CCM), and at 2-h intervals during 8 h of incubation in 5% CO2 in air, at 37 degrees C. Preservation decreased significantly the proportion of uncapacitated spermatozoa. In TFC, at hour 0, chilled-rewarmed and frozen-thawed samples had a significantly lower proportion of uncapacitated, viable spermatozoa than the fresh samples (P<0.05) according to the CTC-assay. The time course of capacitation was accelerated in the preserved samples, compared to the fresh ones. During incubation in CCM, the mean time from hour 0 to when, according to the CTC-assay, the highest proportion of capacitated spermatozoawas present in the samples (time-to-peak), was 4 h for fresh and 2 h for chilled-rewarmed and frozen-thawed samples (P<0.1). The highest values for curvilinear line velocity (VCL) and lateral head displacement (LHD), thought to be descriptive of sperm hyperactivation, were also observed 4 and 2 h after incubation began, in the fresh and the preserved samples, respectively. The difference in time-to-peak for VCL and LHD between fresh, chilled-rewarmed and frozen-thawed semen samples was statistically significant (P<0.02). It can be concluded that based on the CTC-assay and the analysis of motility patterns, capacitation-like changes in dog semen seem to be both initiated and accelerated by the preservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
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Jones KT, Soeller C, Cannell MB. The passage of Ca2+ and fluorescent markers between the sperm and egg after fusion in the mouse. Development 1998; 125:4627-35. [PMID: 9806912 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.23.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse sperm-egg fusion was examined using two-photon and confocal microscopy. A delay of several minutes occurred between the first observable event of fusion (which was the diffusion of Ca2+-sensitive dyes from egg into sperm) and any change in egg cytoplasmic Ca2+. When indo-1 dextran was used to obtain ratiometric two-photon images, there was no detectable local increase in egg cytoplasmic Ca2+ near the site of sperm fusion. However, the sperm underwent a Ca2+ transient which appeared to be coincident with the egg cytoplasm Ca2+ transient, which suggested that there was a high permeability pathway for Ca2+ between egg and sperm. To exclude this pathway from providing trigger Ca2+ for the egg transient, we reduced bathing [Ca2+] to approx. 18 microM and 13nM (with EGTA). In these conditions the first egg Ca2+ transient was not prevented, which makes an obligatory role for extracellular Ca2+ in the initiation of the egg Ca2+ transient unlikely. Both FITC-albumin (70 kDa) and 10 kDa dextran-linked Ca2+ indicators were able to diffuse into the sperm from the egg. In addition, phycoerythrin (240 kDa) rapidly diffused into the sperm shortly after fusion (but before any changes in Ca2+ occurred). This suggests that the ‘pore(s)’ that form during sperm-egg fusion must be at least 8 nm in diameter. These data are compatible with the idea that a diffusible sperm protein could trigger the observed changes in intracellular Ca2+ in the egg, but do not exclude the possibility that other second messengers are generated during sperm-egg fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Bourinbaiar AS, Lee CH. Synergistic effect of gramicidin and EDTA in inhibiting sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration in vitro. Contraception 1996; 54:367-72. [PMID: 8968665 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(96)00205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gramicidin, a linear polypeptide with antiviral and antimicrobial properties, was compared in vitro with a commonly used spermicidal detergent-nonoxynol-9 (N9). The inhibition of sperm functions was evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for sperm motility, in cervical mucus penetration assay, and by colorimetric tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays routinely employed for testing the toxicity of drugs. The effective 100% inhibitory concentration (IC100) of gramicidin in a 2-min sperm immobilization assay by CASA was equal to 4 micrograms/ml, whereas IC100 of N9 was equal to 200 micrograms/ml. The presence of 0.1% of chelating agent, EDTA, reduced IC100 of gramicidin to 10 ng/ml, while less than a twofold enhancement in N9 activity was observed upon combination with EDTA. Likewise, the gramicidin/EDTA combination was 100,000 times more potent than N9/EDTA in the sperm penetration assay. Quantitative toxicity tests confirmed that gramicidin is a potent spermostatic rather than spermicidal agent. Further development of a gramicidin/EDTA formulation is warranted as a nontoxic topical contraceptive with activity against viral and microbial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
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Cinatl J, Hoffmann F, Cinatl J, Weber B, Scholz M, Rabenau H, Stieneker F, Kabickova H, Blasko M, Doerr HW. In vitro inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by calcium trinatrium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Antiviral Res 1996; 31:23-34. [PMID: 8793006 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(95)00833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) has been shown to inhibit human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in vitro. In the present study, we compared antiviral effects of DFO in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells against several CMV strains with those of other chelators that interact with iron and other ions from different pools. DFO, a hydrophilic chelator, that may chelate both intracellular and extracellular ions inhibited production of CMV late antigen at 50% effective concentrations (EC50S) ranging from 6.2 to 8.9 microM. EC50S for calcium trinatrium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (CaDTPA) ranged from 6.1 to 9.9 microM. EC50S for 2,2'-bipyridine (BPD), a hydrophobic chelator, which diffuses into cell membranes ranged from 65 to 72 microM. Concentrations which inhibited BrdU incorporation into cellular DNA by 50% (IC50S) ranged from 8.2 to 12.0 microM (DFO), from 65 to 89 microM (BPD), and from 139 to 249 microM (CaDTPA). CaDTPA was the only chelator which completely inhibited production of infectious virus in HFF and vascular endothelial cells at concentrations which had no significant effects on cellular DNA synthesis and growth. Addition of stoichiometric amounts of Fe3+ in the culture medium of HFF cells completely eliminated antiviral effects of DFO while antiviral effects of CaDTPA and BPD were only moderately affected. Fe2+ and Cu2+ were stronger inhibitors of CaDTPA than Fe3+; however, Mn2+ and Zn2+ completely suppressed antiviral effects of CaDTPA. The results show that CaDTPA is a novel nontoxic inhibitor of CMV replication. The antiviral activity of CaDTPA is suppressed by metal ions with a decreasing potency order of Mn2+/Zn2+ > Fe2+ > Cu2+ > Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cinatl
- Department of Medical Virology, University Hospital, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M., Germany
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13
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Abstract
To investigate the activation mechanism of mouse sperm motility, the intact sperm in various activities were further investigated after demembranation. When dry sperm was diluted into sucrose solution, the sperm exhibited low motility with the swimming velocity of 13.5 +/- 3.8 microns/s and the beat frequency of 1.5 +/- 0.4 Hz. The demembranated sperm were immotile in the reactivation solution lacking cAMP. Meanwhile, when dry sperm was diluted into the solution containing either high concentration of NaCl or Ca2+, they exhibited the beat frequency of about 9 Hz. The demembranated ones exhibited the intermediate motility in the absence of cAMP. When dry sperm were diluted into the sucrose solution containing HCO3-, the sperm exhibited a vigorous motility with the swimming velocity of 181.2 +/- 10.1 microns/s and the beat frequency of 11.3 +/- 1.2 Hz. The demembranated sperm exhibited the high reactivation motility (90%) and flagellar beat frequency (9 Hz) in the absence of cAMP. These values were almost equivalent to those obtained in the demembranated sperm pretreated with sucrose or Ca2+ or NaCl and reactivated in the presence of cAMP. The activation induced by bicarbonate was considered complete in comparison with the activation by Ca2+ or NaCl. It was likely that the activation of mouse sperm motility took multiple states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Si
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Deana R, Ruzzene M, Cavallini L, Francesconi M, Rigoni F. Effects of calcium chelators, divalent cations and sulfhydryl reagents on calcium uptake and motility of bovine spermatozoa. Cell Calcium 1988; 9:121-8. [PMID: 3138028 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4160(88)90015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Addition of 1 mM Ca/EGTA complex (1:1 ratio) to an incubation medium containing 1.5 mM Ca2+ produced a notable increase in the Ca2+ cycling in ejaculated bovine spermatozoa. Similar results were also obtained with the Ca/EDTA and Ca/EDTA complexes or with the heavy metal chelator DTPA (50 microM). Ba2+, Ni2+ or Co2+ added at 0.1 mM concentration abolished the stimulatory effect of the Ca/EGTA complex on Ca2+ cycling, whereas it did not affect the calcium movement in the absence of the calcium chelator complex. It is concluded that small amounts of these cations should be bound to the plasma membrane of bovine spermatozoa and inhibit the cellular calcium influx. 0.1 mM Cd2+ and NEM or 1 mM diamide produced a calcium efflux from the spermatozoa together with an inhibition of cellular motility and an increase in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase release. Conversely the impermeant sulfhydryl reagent mersalyl caused a net calcium efflux but did not alter the cellular motility nor the transaminase release. It is suggested that the permeant thiol reagents could decrease the spermatozoal mobility by impairing the mitochondrial ATP-synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Deana
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy
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Feng B, Bhattacharyya A, Yanagimachi R. Ca2+ is essential for the motility of plasma membrane-intact, but not of demembranated, hamster spermatozoa. Andrologia 1988; 20:155-62. [PMID: 3389541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1988.tb00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Ca2+ is essential for the flagellar motility of membrane-intact hamster spermatozoa. When suspended in a medium completely free of Ca2+, most spermatozoa quickly lost their motility, and remained motionless until they were transferred back to Ca2+-containing medium. The motility could not be restored after the spermatozoa had been in Ca2+-free medium for more than 2 hr. Unlike membrane-intact spermatozoa, demembranated spermatozoa (spermatozoa without plasma membranes) exhibited active movement in Ca2+-free medium, and their motility was inhibited by Ca2+. In view of these facts, we suggest that the "hyperactivated motility" which membrane-intact spermatozoa display upon capacitation may be due to the activation of a Ca2+-dependent adenylate cyclase (and the resultant increase in intracellular cAMP), rather than being a direct effect of a rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Feng
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu
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Abstract
Calcium ions have an apparently paradoxical effect on sperm motility. In the epididymis, calcium ions stimulate immature sperm, whereas, in ejaculated semen, calcium ions inhibit sperm motility. Maturation processes change the response of sperm to calcium ions. Calcium binding substances and calcium transport inhibitors are secreted by male accessory sexual organs and mixed with sperm during ejaculation. In the female genital tract sperm acquire full capacity of fertilise the ovum. Calcium binding substances and calcium transport inhibitors are removed during the process known as capacitation. Finally, calcium ions trigger the acrosome reaction and facilitate sperm penetration into the ovum.
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17
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Bridges KR, Cudkowicz A. Effect of iron chelators on the transferrin receptor in K562 cells. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Characterization of basal and methylxanthine-stimulated Ca2+ transport in abalone spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Cooper TG. The onset and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa from the mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Boell EJ, Burkus JK. Oxygen consumption and motility of mouse sperm as affected by oxidizable substrates and oxygen tension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02913942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Olds-Clarke P. The nonprogressive motility of sperm populations from mice with a tw32 haplotype. JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 1983; 4:136-43. [PMID: 6853358 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1983.tb00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that epididymal spermatozoa from mice carrying a tw32 haplotype have a lower net velocity than do spermatozoa from congenic +/+ males. Using a test for nonprogressive motility based on the inability of a spermatazoon to leave a cube 200 micron on each side in less than 4 seconds, the frequency of nonprogressively motile sperm in these populations now has been determined to be above 90% after 2 to 5 hours of incubation in vitro. The nonprogressive motility never appears in sperm populations incubated in media with less than 0.1 mM Ca2+, although normal motility is well-maintained. Nonprogressive motility was also observed at low frequencies in uterine sperm populations, and at higher frequencies among uterotubal sperm from both +/+ and tw32/+ males. These observations suggest that nonprogressive motility may be a component of normal sperm function, either during sperm transport within the oviduct, or during fertilization.
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A requirement of bicarbonate for Ca2+-induced elevations of cyclic AMP in guinea pig spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Heffner LJ, Storey BT. Cold lability of mouse sperm binding to zona pellucida. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1982; 219:155-6. [PMID: 7061969 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402190204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Yanagimachi R. Requirement of extracellular calcium ions for various stages of fertilization and fertilization-related phenomena in the hamster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Dudenhausen E, Talbot P. Detection and kinetics of the normal acrosome reaction of mouse sperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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