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Roussel D, Roussel N, Voituron Y, Rey B. Liver mitochondrial coupling efficiency and its relationship to oxidative capacity and adenine nucleotide translocase content: A comparative study among crocodiles, birds and mammals. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101909. [PMID: 38844192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess whether adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) content could be associated with phylogenetic disparities in mitochondrial coupling efficiency, within liver mitochondria obtained from rats, crocodiles, and ducklings. Our measurements included mitochondrial membrane conductance, ANT content, and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes at various steady-state rates. We observed significant variations in liver mitochondrial coupling efficiency across the three species. These variations correlated with interspecific differences in mitochondrial oxidative capacity and, to a lesser extent, the ANT content of liver mitochondria. These findings expand upon previous research by highlighting the pivotal role of oxidative capacity and ANT in modulating mitochondrial efficiency on an interspecific scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roussel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, France.
| | | | - Yann Voituron
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558 LBBE, France
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2
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Udino E, George JM, McKenzie M, Pessato A, Crino OL, Buchanan KL, Mariette MM. Prenatal acoustic programming of mitochondrial function for high temperatures in an arid-adapted bird. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211893. [PMID: 34875198 PMCID: PMC8651415 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound is an essential source of information in many taxa and can notably be used by embryos to programme their phenotypes for postnatal environments. While underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown, there is growing evidence for the involvement of mitochondria-main source of cellular energy (i.e. ATP)-in developmental programming processes. Here, we tested whether prenatal sound programmes mitochondrial metabolism. In the arid-adapted zebra finch, prenatal exposure to 'heat-calls'-produced by parents incubating at high temperatures-adaptively alters nestling growth in the heat. We measured red blood cell mitochondrial function, in nestlings exposed prenatally to heat- or control-calls, and reared in contrasting thermal environments. Exposure to high temperatures always reduced mitochondrial ATP production efficiency. However, as expected to reduce heat production, prenatal exposure to heat-calls improved mitochondrial efficiency under mild heat conditions. In addition, when exposed to an acute heat-challenge, LEAK respiration was higher in heat-call nestlings, and mitochondrial efficiency low across temperatures. Consistent with its role in reducing oxidative damage, LEAK under extreme heat was also higher in fast growing nestlings. Our study therefore provides the first demonstration of mitochondrial acoustic sensitivity, and brings us closer to understanding the underpinning of acoustic developmental programming and avian strategies for heat adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Udino
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
| | - Julia M. George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
| | - Anaïs Pessato
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
| | - Ondi L. Crino
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Buchanan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
| | - Mylene M. Mariette
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3288, Australia
- Estación Biológica de Doñana EBD-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain
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3
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Thoral E, Queiros Q, Roussel D, Dutto G, Gasset E, McKenzie DJ, Romestaing C, Fromentin JM, Saraux C, Teulier L. Changes in foraging mode caused by a decline in prey size have major bioenergetic consequences for a small pelagic fish. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2289-2301. [PMID: 34013518 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is causing profound modifications of aquatic ecosystems and one major outcome appears to be a decline in adult size of many fish species. Over the last decade, sardine populations in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea) have shown severe declines in body size and condition as well as disappearance of the oldest individuals, which could not be related to overfishing, predation pressure or epizootic diseases. In this study, we investigated whether this situation reflects a bottom-up phenomenon caused by reduced size and availability of prey that could lead to energetic constraints. We fed captive sardines with food items of two different sizes eliciting a change in feeding mode (filter-feeding on small items and directly capturing larger ones) at two different rations for several months, and then assessed their muscle bioenergetics to test for changes in cellular function. Feeding on smaller items was associated with a decline in body condition, even at high ration, and almost completely inhibited growth by comparison to sardines fed large items at high ration. Sardines fed on small items presented specific mitochondrial adjustments for energy sparing, indicating a major bioenergetic challenge. Moreover, mitochondria from sardines in poor condition had low basal oxidative activity but high efficiency of ATP production. Notably, when body condition was below a threshold value of 1.07, close to the mean observed in the wild, it was directly correlated with basal mitochondrial activity in muscle. The results show a link between whole-animal condition and cellular bioenergetics in the sardine, and reveal physiological consequences of a shift in feeding mode. They demonstrate that filter-feeding on small prey leads to poor growth, even under abundant food and an increase in the efficiency of ATP production. These findings may partially explain the declines in sardine size and condition observed in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Thoral
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Damien Roussel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilbert Dutto
- Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER), Laboratoire SEA, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Claire Saraux
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France.,IPHC, UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Teulier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
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4
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Sukhotin A, Kovalev A, Sokolov E, Sokolova IM. Mitochondrial performance of a continually growing marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis, depends on body size. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226332. [PMID: 32527963 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allometric decline of mass-specific metabolic rate with increasing body size in organisms is a well-documented phenomenon. Despite a long history of research, the mechanistic causes of metabolic scaling with body size remain under debate. Some hypotheses suggest that intrinsic factors such as allometry of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism may contribute to the organismal-level metabolic scaling. The aim of our present study was to determine the metabolic allometry at the mitochondrial level using a continually growing marine ectotherm, the mussel Mytilus edulis, as a model. Mussels from a single cohort that considerably differed in body size were selected, implying faster growth in the larger specimens. We determined the body mass-dependent scaling of the mitochondrial proton leak respiration, respiration in the presence of ADP indicative of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and maximum activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Respiration was measured at normal (15°C), and elevated (27°C) temperatures. The results demonstrated a pronounced allometric increase in both proton leak respiration and OXPHOS activity of mussel mitochondria. Mussels with faster growth (larger body size) showed an increase in OXPHOS rate, proton leak respiration rate, and ETS and COX activity (indicating an overall improved mitochondrial performance) and higher respiratory control ratio (indicating better mitochondrial coupling and potentially lower costs of mitochondrial maintenance at the same OXPHOS capacity) compared with slower growing (smaller) individuals. Our data show that the metabolic allometry at the organismal level cannot be directly explained by mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sukhotin
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Kovalev
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Leibniz ScienceCampus Rostock: Phosphorus Research, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Roussel D, Voituron Y. Mitochondrial Costs of Being Hot: Effects of Acute Thermal Change on Liver Bioenergetics in Toads ( Bufo bufo). Front Physiol 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32218742 PMCID: PMC7078649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climatic warming is predicted to drive extreme thermal events, especially in temperate terrestrial environments. Hence, describing how physiological parameters are affected by acute temperature changes would allow us to understand the energy management of organisms facing such non-predictable and constraining events. As mitochondria play a key role in the conversion of energy from food into ATP but also produce harmful reactive oxygen species, the understanding of its functioning is crucial to determine the proximal causes of potential decline in an animal's performance. Here we studied the effects of acute temperature changes (between 20 and 30°C) on mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis rate, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (ATP/O), and H2O2 generation in isolated liver mitochondria of a terrestrial ectotherm, the common toad (Bufo bufo). Using succinate as the respiratory substrate, we found that the mitochondrial rates of oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, and H2O2 generation increased as the temperature increased, being 65, 52, and 66% higher at 30°C than at 20°C, respectively. We also found that the mitochondrial coupling efficiency (ATP/O) decreased, while the oxidative cost of ATP production (H2O2/ATP ratio) increased. The present results further indicate that between 40 and 60% of temperature effects on mitochondrial ATP production and H2O2 generation was at minima driven by an action on the oxidative capacity of the mitochondria. These results suggest that B. bufo may need to allocate extra energy to maintain ATP production and protect cells from oxidative stress, reducing the energy allocable performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roussel
- CNRS, UMR 5023, Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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6
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Leclaire S, Bourret V, Pineaux M, Blanchard P, Danchin E, Hatch SA. Red coloration varies with dietary carotenoid access and nutritional condition in kittiwakes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.210237. [PMID: 31597729 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid-based ornaments are common signaling features in animals. Although the mechanisms that link color-based signals to individual condition is key to understanding the evolution and function of these ornaments, they are most often poorly known. Several hypotheses have been posited. They include: (i) the role of foraging abilities on carotenoid acquisition and thereby carotenoid-based ornaments, and (ii) the role of internal processes linked to individual quality on the allocation and conversion of carotenoids in integuments. Here, we tested the influence of dietary carotenoid access versus internal process on gape coloration in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). This seabird displays a vibrant red gape, whose coloration varies with individual quality in males and is due to the deposition of red ketocarotenoids, such as astaxanthin. We decreased hydroxycarotenoid and ketocarotenoid levels in plasma, but increased efficiency in internal processes linked to nutritional condition, by supplementing breeding males with capelin, a natural energy-rich fish prey. We found that, despite having lower carotenoid levels in plasma, supplemented birds developed redder coloration than control birds, but only in the year when dietary levels of astaxanthin in the natural diet were low. In contrast, in the astaxanthin-rich year, supplemented males had a less-red gape than unsupplemented birds. These results suggest that inter-individual differences in internal processes may be sufficient to maintain the honesty of gape coloration under conditions of low dietary astaxanthin levels. Nonetheless, when inter-individual variations in dietary astaxanthin levels are elevated (such as in the crustacean-rich year), carotenoid access seems a more limiting factor to the expression of gape coloration than internal processes. Therefore, our study revealed a complex mechanism of gape color production in kittiwakes, and suggests that the main factor maintaining the condition dependency of this ornaments may vary with environmental conditions and diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leclaire
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 (CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Bourret
- Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Maxime Pineaux
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 (CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierrick Blanchard
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 (CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Danchin
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 (CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Scott A Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, 12850 Mountain Place, Anchorage, AK 99516, USA
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7
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Lamarre SG, Melanson CA, McCarthy I, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Differences in mitochondrial efficiency explain individual variation in growth performance. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191466. [PMID: 31431161 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological causes of intraspecific differences in fitness components such as growth rate are currently a source of debate. It has been suggested that differences in energy metabolism may drive variation in growth, but it remains unclear whether covariation between growth rates and energy metabolism is: (i) a result of certain individuals acquiring and consequently allocating more resources to growth, and/or is (ii) determined by variation in the efficiency with which those resources are transformed into growth. Studies of individually housed animals under standardized nutritional conditions can help shed light on this debate. Here we quantify individual variation in metabolic efficiency in terms of the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by liver and muscle mitochondria and examine its effects, both on the rate of protein synthesis within these tissues and on the rate of whole-body growth of individually fed juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) receiving either a high or low food ration. As expected, fish on the high ration on average gained more in body mass and protein content than those maintained on the low ration. Yet, growth performance varied more than 10-fold among individuals on the same ration, resulting in some fish on low rations growing faster than others on the high ration. This variation in growth for a given ration was related to individual differences in mitochondrial properties: a high whole-body growth performance was associated with high mitochondrial efficiency of ATP production in the liver. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, that among-individual variation in the efficiency with which substrates are converted into ATP can help explain marked variation in growth performance, independent of food intake. This study highlights the existence of inter-individual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in whole-animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Chloé A Melanson
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Ian McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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8
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Hoitzing H, Gammage PA, Haute LV, Minczuk M, Johnston IG, Jones NS. Energetic costs of cellular and therapeutic control of stochastic mitochondrial DNA populations. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007023. [PMID: 31242175 PMCID: PMC6615642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the cellular proportion of mutant mtDNA molecules is crucial for mitochondrial diseases. Cellular populations of mitochondria are under homeostatic control, but the details of the control mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we use stochastic modelling to derive general results for the impact of cellular control on mtDNA populations, the cost to the cell of different mtDNA states, and the optimisation of therapeutic control of mtDNA populations. This formalism yields a wealth of biological results, including that an increasing mtDNA variance can increase the energetic cost of maintaining a tissue, that intermediate levels of heteroplasmy can be more detrimental than homoplasmy even for a dysfunctional mutant, that heteroplasmy distribution (not mean alone) is crucial for the success of gene therapies, and that long-term rather than short intense gene therapies are more likely to beneficially impact mtDNA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hoitzing
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Payam A. Gammage
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Iain G. Johnston
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick S. Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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9
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Chinopoulos C, Metcalfe NB. The RCR and ATP/O Indices Can Give Contradictory Messages about Mitochondrial Efficiency. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:486-494. [PMID: 29982616 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial efficiency is typically taken to represent an animal's capacity to convert its resources into ATP. However, the term mitochondrial efficiency, as currently used in the literature, can be calculated as either the respiratory control ratio, RCR (ratio of mitochondrial respiration supporting ATP synthesis to that required to offset the proton leak) or as the amount of ATP generated per unit of oxygen consumed, ATP/O ratio. The question of how flexibility in mitochondrial energy properties (i.e., in rates of respiration to support ATP synthesis and offset proton leak, and in the rate of ATP synthesis) affects these indices of mitochondrial efficiency has tended to be overlooked. Furthermore, little is known of whether the RCR and ATP/O ratio vary in parallel, either among individuals or in response to environmental conditions. Using data from brown trout Salmo trutta we show that experimental conditions affect mitochondrial efficiency, but the apparent direction of change depends on the index chosen: a reduction in food availability was associated with an increased RCR (i.e., increased efficiency) but a decreased ATP/O ratio (decreased efficiency) in liver mitochondria. Moreover, there was a negative correlation across individuals held in identical conditions between their RCR and their ATP/O ratio. These results show that the choice of index of mitochondrial efficiency can produce different, even opposing, conclusions about the capacity of the mitochondria to produce ATP. Neither ratio is necessarily a complete measure of efficiency of ATP production in the living animal (RCR because it contains no assessment of ATP production, and ATP/O because it contains no assessment of respiration to offset the proton leak). Consequently, we suggest that a measure of mitochondrial efficiency obtained nearer to conditions where respiration simultaneously offsets the proton leak and produce ATP would be sensitive to changes in both proton leakage and ATP production, and is thus likely to be more representative of the state of the mitochondria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins-LEMAR UMR 6530, BP70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary.,MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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10
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Hood WR, Zhang Y, Taylor HA, Park NR, Beatty AE, Weaver RJ, Yap KN, Kavazis AN. Prior reproduction alters how mitochondria respond to an oxidative event. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.195545. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An animal's pace of life is mediated by the physiological demands and stressors it experiences (e.g., reproduction) and one likely mechanism that underlies these effects is oxidative stress. Reproduction has been shown to increase or reduce oxidative stress under different conditions and modify mitochondrial performance. We hypothesized that the changes associated with reproduction can alter how animals respond to future oxidative stressors. We tested this theory by comparing the organ-specific mitochondrial response in female wild-derived house mice. Specifically, we compared mice that reproduced or were virgins to mice that were exposed to an oxidant (i.e., radiation) or not-exposed to radiation. We measured liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial density, respiratory performance, enzyme activity, and oxidant production, as well as markers of oxidative damage to tissues. In the liver, prior reproduction prevented a radiation-induced reduction in mitochondrial density and increased mitochondrial respiratory performance. In skeletal muscle, prior reproduction resulted in a radiation-induced decline in mitochondrial density which could reduce the bioenergetic capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Yet, electron transport chain complex I activity in skeletal muscle, which dropped with reproduction, returned to control levels following oxidant exposure. The results of this investigation indicate that prior reproduction alters the response of mitochondria to an oxidative challenge in an organ-specific manner. Such changes could have differential effects on future reproductive performance and risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R. Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
- Current address: School of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, USA
| | | | - Noel R. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, USA
| | - Abby E. Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
| | - Ryan J. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
| | - Kang Nian Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, USA
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11
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Voituron Y, Josserand R, Le Galliard JF, Haussy C, Roussel D, Romestaing C, Meylan S. Chronic stress, energy transduction, and free-radical production in a reptile. Oecologia 2017; 185:195-203. [PMID: 28836018 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress hormones, such as corticosterone, play a crucial role in orchestrating physiological reaction patterns shaping adapted responses to stressful environments. Concepts aiming at predicting individual and population responses to environmental stress typically consider that stress hormones and their effects on metabolic rate provide appropriate proxies for the energy budget. However, uncoupling between the biochemical processes of respiration, ATP production, and free-radical production in mitochondria may play a fundamental role in the stress response and associated life histories. In this study, we aim at dissecting sub-cellular mechanisms that link these three processes by investigating both whole-organism metabolism, liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes (O2 consumption and ATP production) and ROS emission in Zootoca vivipara individuals exposed 21 days to corticosterone relative to a placebo. Corticosterone enhancement had no effect on mitochondrial activity and efficiency. In parallel, the corticosterone treatment increased liver mass and mitochondrial protein content suggesting a higher liver ATP production. We also found a negative correlation between mitochondrial ROS emission and plasma corticosterone level. These results provide a proximal explanation for enhanced survival after chronic exposure to corticosterone in this species. Importantly, none of these modifications affected resting whole-body metabolic rate. Oxygen consumption, ATP, and ROS emission were thus independently affected in responses to corticosterone increase suggesting that concepts and models aiming at linking environmental stress and individual responses may misestimate energy allocation possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Voituron
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (U.M.R. CNRS 5023), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Bât. Darwin C, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Josserand
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences, de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris)-UPMC-CNRS, Bat. A, 7ème étage cc237, quai Saint Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences, de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris)-UPMC-CNRS, Bat. A, 7ème étage cc237, quai Saint Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), UMS 3194, 78 rue du château, 77140, Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours, France
| | - Claudy Haussy
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences, de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris)-UPMC-CNRS, Bat. A, 7ème étage cc237, quai Saint Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (U.M.R. CNRS 5023), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Bât. Darwin C, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (U.M.R. CNRS 5023), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Bât. Darwin C, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences, de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris)-UPMC-CNRS, Bat. A, 7ème étage cc237, quai Saint Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
- ESPE de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris IV, 10 rue Molitor, 75016, Paris, France
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12
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Stier A, Romestaing C, Schull Q, Lefol E, Robin J, Roussel D, Bize P. How to measure mitochondrial function in birds using red blood cells: a case study in the king penguin and perspectives in ecology and evolution. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Stier
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés CNRS UMR 5023 Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Quentin Schull
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Emilie Lefol
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke QC Canada J1K 2R1
| | | | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés CNRS UMR 5023 Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Pierre Bize
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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13
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Colinet H, Renault D, Roussel D. Cold acclimation allows Drosophila flies to maintain mitochondrial functioning under cold stress. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 80:52-60. [PMID: 27903433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress generally disturbs cellular homeostasis. Researchers have hypothesized that chilling injury is linked to a shortage of ATP. However, previous studies conducted on insects exposed to nonfreezing low temperatures presented conflicting results. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial bioenergetics of Drosophila melanogaster flies exposed to chronic cold stress (4 °C). We assessed mitochondrial oxygen consumption while monitoring the rate of ATP synthesis at various times (0, 1, 2, and 3 days) during prolonged cold stress and at two assay temperatures (25 and 4 °C). We compared organelle responses between cold-susceptible and cold-acclimated phenotypes. Continuous exposure to low temperature provoked temporal declines in the rates of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. Respiratory control ratios (RCRs) suggested that mitochondria were not critically uncoupled. Nevertheless, after 3 days of continuous cold stress, a sharp decline in the mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate was observed in control flies when they were assayed at low temperature. This change was associated with reduced survival capacity in control flies. In contrast, cold-acclimated flies exhibited high survival and maintained higher rates of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and coupling (i.e., higher RCRs). Adaptive changes due to cold acclimation observed in the whole organism were thus manifested in isolated mitochondria. Our observations suggest that cold tolerance is linked to the ability to maintain bioenergetics capacity under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Auer SK, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB, Chinopoulos C. Simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in tissue homogenates and calculation of effective P/O ratios. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e13007. [PMID: 27798358 PMCID: PMC5099967 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue homogenate has greatly aided the study of the functioning of mitochondria. However, the amount of ATP produced per oxygen molecule consumed, that is, the effective P/O ratio, has never been measured directly in tissue homogenate. Here we combine and refine existing methods previously used in permeabilized cells and isolated mitochondria to simultaneously measure mitochondrial ATP production (JATP) and oxygen consumption (JO2) in tissue homogenate. A major improvement over existing methods is in the control of ATPases that otherwise interfere with the ATP assay: our modified technique facilitates simultaneous measurement of the rates of "uncorrected" ATP synthesis and of ATP hydrolysis, thus minimizing the amount of tissue and time needed. Finally, we develop a novel method of calculating effective P/O ratios which corrects measurements of JATP and JO2 for rates of nonmitochondrial ATP hydrolysis and respiration, respectively. Measurements of JATP and JO2 in liver homogenates from brown trout (Salmo trutta) were highly reproducible, although activity declined once homogenates were 2 h old. We compared mitochondrial properties from fed and food-deprived animals to demonstrate that the method can detect mitochondrial flexibility in P/O ratios in response to nutritional state. This method simplifies studies examining the mitochondrial bioenergetics of tissue homogenates, obviating the need for differential centrifugation or chemical permeabilization and avoiding the use of nonmitochondrial ATPase inhibitors. We conclude that our approach for characterizing effective P/O ratio opens up new possibilities in the study of mitochondrial function in very small samples, where the use of other methods is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eugenia M Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Review: can diet influence the selective advantage of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes? Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150232. [PMID: 26543031 PMCID: PMC4708006 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential for changes in dietary macronutrients to differentially influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and thereby the frequency of mtDNA haplotypes in natural populations. Such dietary modification may be seasonal or result from biogeographic or demographic shifts. Mechanistically, mtDNA haplotypes may influence the activity of the electron transport system (ETS), retrograde signalling to the nuclear genome and affect epigenetic modifications. Thus, differential provisioning by macronutrients may lead to selection through changes in the levels of ATP production, modulation of metabolites (including AMP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the NAD+/NADH ratio) and potentially complex epigenetic effects. The exquisite complexity of dietary influence on haplotype frequency is further illustrated by the fact that macronutrients may differentially influence the selective advantage of specific mutations in different life-history stages. In Drosophila, complex I mutations may affect larval growth because dietary nutrients are fed through this complex in immaturity. In contrast, the majority of electrons are provided to complex III in adult flies. We conclude the review with a case study that considers specific interactions between diet and complex I of the ETS. Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial ETS and co-ordinates in the oxidation of NADH and transfer of electrons to ubiquinone. Although the supposition that mtDNA variants may be selected upon by dietary macronutrients could be intuitively consistent to some and counter intuitive to others, it must face a multitude of scientific hurdles before it can be recognized.
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16
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Salin K, Auer SK, Rey B, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Variation in the link between oxygen consumption and ATP production, and its relevance for animal performance. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151028. [PMID: 26203001 PMCID: PMC4528520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often assumed that an animal's metabolic rate can be estimated through measuring the whole-organism oxygen consumption rate. However, oxygen consumption alone is unlikely to be a sufficient marker of energy metabolism in many situations. This is due to the inherent variability in the link between oxidation and phosphorylation; that is, the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by mitochondria (P/O ratio). In this article, we describe how the P/O ratio can vary within and among individuals, and in response to a number of environmental parameters, including diet and temperature. As the P/O ratio affects the efficiency of cellular energy production, its variability may have significant consequences for animal performance, such as growth rate and reproductive output. We explore the adaptive significance of such variability and hypothesize that while a reduction in the P/O ratio is energetically costly, it may be associated with advantages in terms of somatic maintenance through reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we discuss how considering variation in mitochondrial efficiency, together with whole-organism oxygen consumption, can permit a better understanding of the relationship between energy metabolism and life history for studies in evolutionary ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Rey B, Pélisson PF, Bel-Venner MC, Voituron Y, Venner S. Revisiting the link between breeding effort and oxidative balance through field evaluation of two sympatric sibling insect species. Evolution 2015; 69:815-22. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR; Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Wildlife Conservation Physiology, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Pierre-François Pélisson
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR; Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Marie-Claude Bel-Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR; Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Yann Voituron
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, UMR; Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR; Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
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18
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Roussel D, Salin K, Dumet A, Romestaing C, Rey B, Voituron Y. Oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, proton conductance and reactive oxygen species production of liver mitochondria correlates with body mass in frogs. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:3222-8. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Body size is a central biological parameter affecting most biological processes (especially energetics) and mitochondria is a key organelle controlling metabolism and is also the cell's main source of chemical energy. However, the link between body size and mitochondrial function is still unclear, especially in ectotherms. In this study, we investigated several parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the liver of three closely related species of frogs (the common frog Rana temporaria, the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus and the bull frog Lithobates catesbeiana). These particular species were chosen due to their differences in adult body mass. We found that the mitochondrial coupling efficiency was markedly increased with animal size, which lead to a higher ATP production (+70%) in the larger frogs (L. catesbeiana) compared to the smaller frogs (R. temporaria). This was essentially driven by a strong negative dependence of mitochondrial proton conductance on body mass. Liver mitochondria from the larger frogs (L. catesbeiana) displayed 50% of the proton conductance of mitochondria from the smaller frogs (R. temporaria). Contrary to our prediction, the low mitochondrial proton conductance measured in L. catesbeiana was not associated with higher radical oxygen species production. Instead, liver mitochondria from the larger individuals produced significantly lower radical oxygen species than those from the smaller frogs. Collectively, the data shows that key bioenergetics parameters of mitochondria (proton leak, ATP production efficiency and radical oxygen species production) are correlated with body mass in frogs. This research expands our understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial function and the evolution of allometric scaling in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Salin
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Adeline Dumet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yann Voituron
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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19
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Stier A, Bize P, Roussel D, Schull Q, Massemin S, Criscuolo F. Mitochondrial uncoupling as a regulator of life-history trajectories in birds: an experimental study in the zebra finch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3579-89. [PMID: 25063856 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a fundamental role in the transduction of energy from food into ATP. The coupling between food oxidation and ATP production is never perfect, but may nevertheless be of evolutionary significance. The 'uncoupling to survive' hypothesis suggests that 'mild' mitochondrial uncoupling evolved as a protective mechanism against the excessive production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because resource allocation and ROS production are thought to shape animal life histories, alternative life-history trajectories might be driven by individual variation in the degree of mitochondrial uncoupling. We tested this hypothesis in a small bird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), by treating adults with the artificial mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) over a 32-month period. In agreement with our expectations, the uncoupling treatment increased metabolic rate. However, we found no evidence that treated birds enjoyed lower oxidative stress levels or greater survival rates, in contrast to previous results in other taxa. In vitro experiments revealed lower sensitivity of ROS production to DNP in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscles of zebra finch than mouse. In addition, we found significant reductions in the number of eggs laid and in the inflammatory immune response in treated birds. Altogether, our data suggest that the 'uncoupling to survive' hypothesis may not be applicable for zebra finches, presumably because of lower effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on mitochondrial ROS production in birds than in mammals. Nevertheless, mitochondrial uncoupling appeared to be a potential life-history regulator of traits such as fecundity and immunity at adulthood, even with food supplied ad libitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Stier
- University of Angers, Groupe Écologie et Conservation des Vertébrés (GECCO), 49045 Angers, Cedex 01, France
| | - Pierre Bize
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS UMR 5023, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France Département d'Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), CNRS UMR 7178, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvie Massemin
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France Département d'Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), CNRS UMR 7178, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - François Criscuolo
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France Département d'Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), CNRS UMR 7178, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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20
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Hill GE. Cellular respiration: the nexus of stress, condition, and ornamentation. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:645-57. [PMID: 24791751 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental hypothesis for the evolution and maintenance of ornamental traits is that ornaments convey information to choosing females about the quality of prospective mates. A diverse array of ornaments (e.g., colors, morphological features, and behaviors) has been associated with a wide range of measures of individual quality, but decades of study of such indicator traits have failed to produce general mechanisms of honest signaling. Here, I propose that efficiency of cellular respiration, as a product of mitochondrial function, underlies the associations between ornamentation and performance for a broad range of traits across taxa. A large biomedical literature documents the fundamental biochemical links between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the process of metabolism, the function of the immune system, the synthesis of proteins, and the development and function of the nervous system. The production of virtually all ornaments whose expressions have been demonstrated to be condition-dependent is directly affected by the efficiency of cellular respiration, suggesting that the signaling of respiratory efficiency may be the primary function of such traits. Furthermore, the production of ornaments links to stress-response systems, including particularly the neuroendocrine system, through mitochondrial function, thereby makes ornamental traits effective signals of the capacity to withstand environmental perturbations. The identification of a unifying mechanism of honest signaling holds the potential to connect many heretofore-disparate fields of study related to stress and ornamentation, including neuroendocrinology, respiratory physiology, metabolic physiology, and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5414, USA
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21
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Monternier PA, Marmillot V, Rouanet JL, Roussel D. Mitochondrial phenotypic flexibility enhances energy savings during winter fast in king penguin chicks. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:2691-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Energy conservation is a key priority for organisms living in environments with seasonal shortages in resource supplies or spontaneously fasting during their annual cycle. The aim of the study was to determine whether the high fasting endurance of winter-acclimatized king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus) would be associated with an adjustment of mitochondrial bioenergetics in pectoralis muscle, the largest skeletal muscle in penguins. The rates of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis and mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O ratio) were measured in winter-acclimatized chicks. We used pyruvate/malate and palmitoyl-L-carnitine/malate as respiratory substrates and results from naturally fasted chicks were compared to experimentally re-fed chicks. Bioenergetics analysis of pectoralis muscle revealed that mitochondria are on average 15% more energy efficient in naturally fasted than in experimentally fed chicks, indicating that fasted birds would consume fewer nutrients to sustain their energy demanding processes. We also found that moderate reductions in temperature from 38°C to 30°C further increase by 23% the energy coupling efficiency at the level of mitochondria, suggesting that king penguin chicks realize additional energy savings while becoming hypothermic during winter. It has been calculated that this adjustment of mitochondrial efficiency in skeletal muscle may contribute to nearly 25% of fasting-induced reduction in mass-specific metabolic rate measured in vivo. The present study shows that the regulation of mitochondrial efficiency triggers the development of an economical management of resources, which would maximize the conservation of endogenous fuel store by decreasing the cost of living in fasted winter-acclimatized king penguin chicks.
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22
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Stier A, Bize P, Habold C, Bouillaud F, Massemin S, Criscuolo F. Mitochondrial uncoupling prevents cold-induced oxidative stress: a case study using UCP1 knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 217:624-30. [PMID: 24265420 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.092700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondria has often been (wrongly) viewed as straightforward, with increased metabolism leading to higher generation of pro-oxidants. Insights into mitochondrial functioning show that oxygen consumption is principally coupled with either energy conversion as ATP or as heat, depending on whether the ATP-synthase or the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is driving respiration. However, these two processes might greatly differ in terms of oxidative costs. We used a cold challenge to investigate the oxidative stress consequences of an increased metabolism achieved either by the activation of an uncoupled mechanism (i.e. UCP1 activity) in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of wild-type mice or by ATP-dependent muscular shivering thermogenesis in mice deficient for UCP1. Although both mouse strains increased their metabolism by more than twofold when acclimatised for 4 weeks to moderate cold (12°C), only mice deficient for UCP1 suffered from elevated levels of oxidative stress. When exposed to cold, mice deficient for UCP1 showed an increase of 20.2% in plasmatic reactive oxygen metabolites, 81.8% in muscular oxidized glutathione and 47.1% in muscular protein carbonyls. In contrast, there was no evidence of elevated levels of oxidative stress in the plasma, muscles or BAT of wild-type mice exposed to cold despite a drastic increase in BAT activity. Our study demonstrates differing oxidative costs linked to the functioning of two highly metabolically active organs during thermogenesis, and advises careful consideration of mitochondrial functioning when investigating the links between metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Stier
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg 67037, France
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23
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Hemmer-Brepson C, Replumaz L, Romestaing C, Voituron Y, Daufresne M. Non-stressful temperature effect on oxidative balance and life history traits in adult fish (Oryzias latipes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 217:274-82. [PMID: 24115055 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.096172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is well known to affect many biological and ecological traits, especially in ectotherms. From a physiological point of view, temperature is also positively correlated to metabolism and is often associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It has recently been suggested that ROS play a role in lifespan and resource allocation. However, only a few authors have attempted to explore the relationships between temperature, resource allocation and oxidative balance in ectotherms. Here, we measured the effect of temperature on growth, reproductive effort, offspring quantity and quality, hatching and survival rates, and the associated proximal costs, which were evaluated through the quantification of oxidative balance elements. We reared adult fish (Oryzias latipes) at two non-stressful temperatures (20 and 30°C) during a relatively long period (4 months, approximately the entire adult life). The results show a trade-off between reproduction and maintenance because investment toward growth could be neglected at the adult stage (confirmed by our results). Intriguingly, ROS-dependent damages did not differ between the two groups, probably because of the higher rate of activation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase for warm-acclimated fish. The allocation toward antioxidant defences is associated with an earlier reproduction and a lower quality of offspring. These interesting results bring new perspectives in terms of the prediction of the impact of global warming on biota through the use of ecological theories based on oxidative balance and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hemmer-Brepson
- Irstea, UR HYAX - Équipe Écosystèmes Lacustres, HYNES (Irstea-EDF R&D), 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, F-13182, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 5, France
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