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Sheppard L, Alsubhi M, Brown V, Le H, Robinson K, Moodie M. What Interventions are Cost Effective in Reducing Violence Against Women? A Scoping Review. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2024; 22:283-296. [PMID: 38279982 PMCID: PMC11021229 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically summarise the recent literature on the cost and cost effectiveness of interventions implemented to reduce violence against women (VAW) and decision frameworks guiding resource allocation. METHOD A scoping review of scholarly and grey literature on the cost-effectiveness and/or resource allocation for interventions addressing intimate partner violence (IPV), dating violence and non-partner sexual violence perpetrated against women aged 15 years and over. All settings and contexts were eligible, with papers published in English between 2010 and March 2023 included. RESULTS Nineteen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria reporting the cost, cost savings and/or cost effectiveness of 24 interventions to prevent IPV and to a lesser extent, other forms of interpersonal violence. Among the 16 economic evaluation studies reviewed, four types of interventions were cost effective in multiple settings or studies, including community activism (Uganda, Ghana), gender transformative interventions with couples and individuals (Ethiopia, Rwanda), specific justice and law enforcement measures (USA) and a combined personnel training, support, and referral programme in General Practice in the UK. Other interventions were cost effective in a single study or had conflicting evidence. Three remaining papers conducted a partial evaluation or cost appraisal providing limited information on the cost or cost-savings of other implemented interventions. No frameworks on resource allocation for the prevention of VAW were identified. CONCLUSION While there is some evidence of cost effectiveness emerging for interventions implemented in specific contexts, overall, we find the recent evidence on costs and cost effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of VAW to be limited. Embedding economic evaluation in future effectiveness trials will build critical evidence needed to inform policy and resource allocation decisions based on the value-for-money of interventions. Modelling the benefits and costs of interventions to better understand the societal impacts of programmes at scale is a further research opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sheppard
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Moosa Alsubhi
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Vicki Brown
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ha Le
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Kim Robinson
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Marj Moodie
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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Koshy D, Allardyce BJ, Dumée LF, Sutti A, Rajkhowa R, Agrawal R. Silk Industry Waste Protein-Derived Sericin Hybrid Nanoflowers for Antibiotics Remediation via Circular Economy. ACS Omega 2024; 9:15768-15780. [PMID: 38617643 PMCID: PMC11007843 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid protein-copper nanoflowers have emerged as promising materials with diverse applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, and bioremediation. Sericin, a waste biopolymer from the textile industry, has shown potential for fabricating such nanoflowers. However, the influence of the molecular weight of sericin on nanoflower morphology and peroxidase-like activity remains unexplored. This work focused on the self-assembly of nanoflowers using high- and low-molecular-weight (HMW and LMW) silk sericin combined with copper(II) as an inorganic moiety. The peroxidase-like activity of the resulting nanoflowers was evaluated using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The findings revealed that high-molecular-weight sericin hybrid nanoflowers (HMW-ShNFs) exhibited significantly higher peroxidase-like activity than low-molecular-weight sericin hybrid nanoflowers (LMW-ShNFs). Furthermore, HMW-ShNFs demonstrated superior reusability and storage stability, thereby enhancing their potential for practical use. This study also explored the application of HMW-ShNF for ciprofloxacin degradation to address the environmental and health hazards posed by this antibiotic in water. The results indicated that HMW-ShNFs facilitated the degradation of ciprofloxacin, achieving a maximum degradation of 33.2 ± 1% at pH 8 and 35 °C after 72 h. Overall, the enhanced peroxidase-like activity and successful application in ciprofloxacin degradation underscore the potential of HMW-ShNFs for a sustainable and ecofriendly remediation process. These findings open avenues for the further exploration and utilization of hybrid nanoflowers in various environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
S. Koshy
- TERI-Deakin
Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy
and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal
Pahari, Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Pigdons
Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Allardyce
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Pigdons
Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ludovic F. Dumée
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu
Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alessandra Sutti
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Pigdons
Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Pigdons
Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- TERI-Deakin
Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy
and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal
Pahari, Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India
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Aydin E, Callahan DL, Chong L, Azizoglu S, Gokhale M, Suphioglu C. The Plight of the Metabolite: Oxidative Stress and Tear Film Destabilisation Evident in Ocular Allergy Sufferers across Seasons in Victoria, Australia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4019. [PMID: 38612830 PMCID: PMC11012581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular allergy (OA) is characterised by ocular surface itchiness, redness, and inflammation in response to allergen exposure. The primary aim of this study was to assess differences in the human tear metabolome and lipidome between OA and healthy controls (HCs) across peak allergy (spring-summer) and off-peak (autumn-winter) seasons in Victoria, Australia. A total of 19 participants (14 OA, 5 HCs) aged 18-45 were recruited and grouped by allergy questionnaire score. Metabolites and lipids from tear samples were analysed using mass spectrometry. Data were analysed using TraceFinder and Metaboanalyst. Metabolomics analysis showed 12 differentially expressed (DE) metabolites between those with OA and the HCs during the peak allergy season, and 24 DE metabolites were found in the off-peak season. The expression of niacinamide was upregulated in OA sufferers vs. HCs across both seasons (p ≤ 0.05). A total of 6 DE lipids were DE between those with OA and the HCs during the peak season, and 24 were DE in the off-peak season. Dysregulated metabolites affected oxidative stress, inflammation, and homeostasis across seasons, suggesting a link between OA-associated itch and ocular surface damage via eye rubbing. Tear lipidome changes were minimal between but suggested tear film destabilisation and thinning. Such metabolipodome findings may pave new and exciting ways for effective diagnostics and therapeutics for OA sufferers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrin Aydin
- NeuroAllergy Research Lab (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Luke Chong
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Serap Azizoglu
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Moneisha Gokhale
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Lab (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
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Pant A, Gribbin S, Machado P, Hodge A, Wasfy JH, Moran L, Marschner S, Chow CK, Zaman S. Ultra-processed foods and incident cardiovascular disease and hypertension in middle-aged women. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:713-725. [PMID: 38147150 PMCID: PMC10948520 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has increased in recent decades, yet limited knowledge of long-term effects on cardiovascular health persists and sex-specific data is scant. We determined the association of UPF intake with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or hypertension in a population-based cohort of women. METHODS In the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, women aged 50-55 years were prospectively followed (2001-2016). UPFs were identified using NOVA classification and contribution of these foods to total dietary intake by weight was estimated. Primary endpoint was incident CVD (self-reported heart disease/stroke). Secondary endpoints were self-reported hypertension, all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or obesity. Logistic regression models assessed associations between UPF intake and incident CVD, adjusting for socio-demographic, medical comorbidities, and dietary variables. RESULTS We included 10,006 women (mean age 52.5 ± 1.5; mean UPF intake 26.6 ± 10.2% of total dietary intake), with 1038 (10.8%) incident CVD, 471 (4.7%) deaths, and 4204 (43.8%) hypertension cases over 15 years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, the highest [mean 42.0% total dietary intake] versus the lowest [mean 14.2% total dietary intake] quintile of UPF intake was associated with higher incident hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.74; p = 0.005] with a linear trend (ptrend = 0.02), but not incident CVD [OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.92-1.61; p = 0.16] or all-cause mortality (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.54-1.20; p = 0.28). Similar results were found after multiple imputations for missing values. CONCLUSION In women, higher UPF intake was associated with increased hypertension, but not incident CVD. These findings may support minimising UPFs within a healthy diet for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushriya Pant
- Westmead Applied Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Sarah Gribbin
- Department of General Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Priscila Machado
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason H Wasfy
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah Zaman
- Westmead Applied Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Alzubaidi H, Oliveira VH, Samorinha C, Mc Namara K, Shaw JE. Acculturation and glycaemic control in Arab immigrants with type 2 diabetes in Australia. Diabetologia 2024; 67:663-669. [PMID: 38214713 PMCID: PMC10904404 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to investigate acculturation's direct and mediated effects on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes from Arabic-speaking countries that are members of the Arab League who have emigrated to Australia. METHODS In this multicentre cross-sectional study, we recruited 382 Arabic-speaking immigrants who were born in any of the 22 countries of the Arab League and who had type 2 diabetes from different healthcare settings in Australia. HbA1c levels were retrieved from medical records. A validated self-report questionnaire was used to assess behavioural and psychosocial outcomes. Acculturation was measured using the General Acculturation Index and the Adherence to Traditional Values tool. We used structural equation modelling to test mediation hypotheses. RESULTS Participants had a mean HbA1c value of 63.9 mmol/mol (8.0%), a low acculturation level (mean±SD: 1.9±0.6; range: 1-5) and highly adhered to traditional values (mean General Acculturation Index value: 3.7±0.7; range: 1-5). Higher HbA1c was associated with lower acculturation levels (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = -0.32, p<0.01) and higher adherence to traditional values (r=0.35, p<0.01). Self-efficacy, health literacy and self-care activities partially mediated the relationship between acculturation and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Among Arab immigrants in Australia with type 2 diabetes, the degree of acculturation is related to glycaemic control, suggesting possible avenues for new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Alzubaidi
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- School of Medicine, Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vitor H Oliveira
- inED Centre for Research and Innovation in Education, School of Education, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Samorinha
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kevin Mc Namara
- School of Medicine, Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Ramos-Saz F, Kang CSM, O'Dell LA, Forsyth M, Pringle JM. Insights into the Carbon Dioxide Separation Performance of Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based Plastic Crystal Composite Membranes with Fluorinated Polar Polymers. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301314. [PMID: 38018882 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based gas separation technologies are one solution towards mitigating global emissions of CO2. New membrane materials with improved separation performance are still highly sought after. Composite membranes based on organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) have shown preferential interaction for CO2 over N2, leading in some cases to competitive CO2/N2 selectivities. However, these ionic materials have been scarcely studied in the field of gas separation. Here, OIPCs based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]-) anion were investigated for use as gas separation membranes for the first time. The effect of the polymer type was also investigated, through the comparison of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) OIPC membranes. A strong temperature dependence of the gas separation performance was found, particularly in the N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium-based composites where the material undergoes a solid-solid phase transition within the testing temperature range. The polymer type was noted to induce a strong effect on the structure of the composites, as well as affecting the gas and ionic transport. Thus, this research provides insights on the influence of the [TFSI]- anion on the structure and separation properties of OIPC-based composites, and new information towards the development of novel OIPC-based membranes with enhanced gas separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos-Saz
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Colin S M Kang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
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Gates P, Dhillon HM, Krishnasamy M, Wilson C, Gough K. Cancer-related cognitive impairment and wellbeing in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma compared to population norms and healthy controls: an exploratory study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:238. [PMID: 38512692 PMCID: PMC10957702 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been little dedicated research on cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with aggressive lymphoma. We describe and compare patients' cognitive function with that of healthy controls and patients' wellbeing and distress with general population values. We also explore associations between patients' neuropsychological test performance and self-reported cognitive function and distress. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from a feasibility study of 30 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma and 72 healthy controls. Patients completed neuropsychological tests and self-report measures before and 6-8 weeks after chemotherapy. Healthy controls completed neuropsychological tests and the FACT-Cog at enrolment and 6 months later. Mixed models were used to analyze neuropsychological test and FACT-Cog scores. One-sample t-tests were used to compare patients' self-reported wellbeing and distress with population norms. Associations were explored with Kendall's Tau b. RESULTS Patients and healthy controls were well matched on socio-demographics. Differences between neuropsychological test scores were mostly large-sized; on average, patients' scores on measures of information processing speed, executive function, and learning and memory were worse both before and after chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.003). The same pattern was observed for impact of perceived cognitive impairment on quality-of-life (both p < 0.001). Patients' physical and emotional wellbeing scores were lower than population norms both before and after chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.018). Associations between neuropsychological performance and other measures were mostly trivial (all p > 0.10). CONCLUSION For many patients with aggressive lymphoma, impaired neuropsychological test performance and impact of perceived impairments on quality-of-life precede chemotherapy and are sustained after chemotherapy. Findings support the need for large-scale longitudinal studies with this population to better understand targets for interventions to address cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Gates
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-Based Decision-Making, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Krishnasamy
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karla Gough
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Holloway-Kew KL, Baker TR, Sajjad MA, Yosef T, Kotowicz MA, Adams J, Brumby S, Page RS, Sutherland AG, Kavanagh BE, Brennan-Olsen SL, Williams LJ, Pasco JA. Emergency presentations for farm-related injuries in older adults residing in south-western Victoria, Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2024. [PMID: 38506552 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Farm workers are at high risk for injuries, and epidemiological data are needed to plan resource allocation. OBJECTIVE This study identified regions with high farm-related injury rates in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia, for residents aged ≥50 yr. DESIGN Retrospective synthesis using electronic medical records of emergency presentations occurring during 2017-2019 inclusive for Local Government Areas (LGA) in the study region. For each LGA, age-standardised incidence rates (per 1000 population/year) were calculated. FINDINGS For men and women combined, there were 31 218 emergency presentations for any injury, and 1150 (3.68%) of these were farm-related. The overall age-standardised rate for farm-related injury presentations was 2.6 (95% CI 2.4-2.7); men had a higher rate than women (4.1, 95% CI 3.9-4.4 versus 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3, respectively). For individual LGAs, the highest rates of farm-related emergency presentations occurred in Moyne and Southern Grampians, both rural LGAs. Approximately two-thirds of farm-related injuries occurred during work activities (65.0%), and most individuals arrived at the hospital by transport classified as "other" (including private car, 83.3%). There were also several common injury causes identified: "other animal related injury" (20.2%), "cutting, piercing object" (19.5%), "fall ⟨1 m" (13.1%), and "struck by or collision with object" (12.5%). Few injuries were caused by machinery (1.7%) and these occurred mainly in the LGA of Moyne (65%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study provides data to inform future research and resource allocation for the prevention of farm-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Holloway-Kew
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy R Baker
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Sajjad
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tewodros Yosef
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Mark A Kotowicz
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessie Adams
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Brumby
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard S Page
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Barwon Health and St John of God Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alasdair G Sutherland
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- South West Healthcare, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca E Kavanagh
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Veenhof RJ, Champion C, Dworjanyn SA, Schwoerbel J, Visch W, Coleman MA. Projecting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) gametophyte thermal adaptation and persistence under climate change. Ann Bot 2024; 133:153-168. [PMID: 37665952 PMCID: PMC10921825 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kelp forests underpin temperate marine ecosystems but are declining due to ocean warming, causing loss of associated ecosystem services. Projections suggest significant future decline but often only consider the persistence of adult sporophytes. Kelps have a biphasic life cycle, and the haploid gametophyte can be more thermally tolerant than the sporophyte. Therefore, projections may be altered when considering the thermal tolerance of gametophytes. METHODS We undertook thermal tolerance experiments to quantify the effect of temperature on gametophyte survival, relative growth rate (RGR) and sex ratio for three genetically distinct populations of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes from comparatively high, mid- and low latitudes (43°, 33° and 30°S). We then used these data to project the likely consequences of climate-induced thermal change on gametophyte persistence and performance across its eastern Australian range, using generalized additive and linear models. KEY RESULTS All populations were adapted to local temperatures and their thermal maximum was 2-3 °C above current maximum in situ temperatures. The lowest latitude population was most thermally tolerant (~70 % survival up to 27 °C), while survival and RGR decreased beyond 25.5 and 20.5 °C for the mid- and low-latitude populations, respectively. Sex ratios were skewed towards females with increased temperature in the low- and high-latitude populations. Spatially explicit model projections under future ocean warming (2050-centred) revealed a minimal decline in survival (0-30 %) across populations, relative to present-day predictions. RGRs were also projected to decline minimally (0-2 % d-1). CONCLUSIONS Our results contrast with projections for the sporophyte stage of E. radiata, which suggest a 257-km range contraction concurrent with loss of the low-latitude population by 2100. Thermal adaptation in E. radiata gametophytes suggests this life stage is likely resilient to future ocean warming and is unlikely to be a bottleneck for the future persistence of kelp.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Veenhof
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - C Champion
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - S A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - J Schwoerbel
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - W Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - M A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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10
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Mayes C, Meloni M. Forgetting how we ate: personalised nutrition and the strategic uses of history. Hist Philos Life Sci 2024; 46:14. [PMID: 38453802 PMCID: PMC10920492 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-024-00613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Personalised nutrition (PN) has emerged over the past twenty years as a promising area of research in the postgenomic era and has been popularized as the new big thing out of molecular biology. Advocates of PN claim that previous approaches to nutrition sought general and universal guidance that applied to all people. In contrast, they contend that PN operates with the principle that "one size does not fit all" when it comes to dietary guidance. While the molecular mechanisms studied within PN are new, the notion of a personal dietary regime guided by medical advice has a much longer history that can be traced back to Galen's "On Food and Diet" or Ibn Sina's (westernized as Avicenna) "Canon of Medicine". Yet this history is either wholly ignored or misleadingly appropriated by PN proponents. This (mis)use of history, we argue helps to sustain the hype of the novelty of the proposed field and potential commodification of molecular advice that undermines longer histories of food management in premodern and non-Western cultures. Moreover, it elides how the longer history of nutritional advice always happened in a heavily moralized, gendered, and racialized context deeply entwined with collective technologies of power, not just individual advice. This article aims at offering a wider appreciation of this longer history to nuance the hype and exceptionalism surrounding contemporary claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mayes
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Maurizio Meloni
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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11
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Kooijman L, Berti S, Asadi H, Nahavandi S, Keshavarz B. Measuring vection: a review and critical evaluation of different methods for quantifying illusory self-motion. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2292-2310. [PMID: 37369940 PMCID: PMC10991029 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of self-motion in the absence of physical motion, known as vection, has been scientifically investigated for over a century. As objective measures of, or physiological correlates to, vection have yet to emerge, researchers have typically employed a variety of subjective methods to quantify the phenomenon of vection. These measures can be broadly categorized into the occurrence of vection (e.g., binary choice yes/no), temporal characteristics of vection (e.g., onset time/latency, duration), the quality of the vection experience (e.g., intensity rating scales, magnitude estimation), or indirect (e.g., distance travelled) measures. The present review provides an overview and critical evaluation of the most utilized vection measures to date and assesses their respective merit. Furthermore, recommendations for the selection of the most appropriate vection measures will be provided to assist with the process of vection research and to help improve the comparability of research findings across different vection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kooijman
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stefan Berti
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Houshyar Asadi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saeid Nahavandi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, 02134, USA
| | - Behrang Keshavarz
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Anderson C, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Messer M, Linardon J. Target-user preferences, motivations, and acceptance for a dialectical behaviour therapy smartphone application for eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:17. [PMID: 38411711 PMCID: PMC10899409 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence shows that dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) is efficacious for eating disorders (ED), yet few people have access to specialized treatments like DBT. Translating key DBT skills for delivery via a smartphone application may broaden the dissemination of evidence-based interventions. However, prior to developing a DBT-based app, it is crucial to gather information on target-user needs and preferences. Assessing overall acceptance and identifying predictors of acceptance, informed by the UTAUT framework, is also important. This process ensures not only a demand for such an app, but also that users receive content and features tailored to their needs. METHOD This study aimed to understand target-user preferences of DBT-based apps for EDs by assessing willingness to engage, overall acceptance levels, and preferred functionality/content delivery modes (n = 326 symptomatic participants). RESULTS Eighty-eight percent indicated they would be willing to use a DBT-based ED app if it were available. Acceptance levels of a DBT app were high (64%), which was uniquely predicted by performance expectancy (perceptions of how beneficial an intervention is) and facilitating conditions (expectations of technological infrastructure and support in interventions) in path analysis. Content perceived as important to contain were emotion regulation techniques, tailored intervention strategies, and psychoeducation. CONCLUSION Findings generate important information about target-user preferences of a DBT-based app for EDs, highlighting necessary design principles for apps of this kind. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anderson
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | | | - Mariel Messer
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Jake Linardon
- Center for Social and Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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13
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Youn S, Guadagno BL, Byrne LK, Watson AE, Murrihy S, Cotton SM. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Rates of Violence During First-Episode Psychosis (FEP). Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae010. [PMID: 38412435 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with psychotic disorders will never commit an act of violence. However, the risk of violence committed by people with schizophrenia is higher than the general population. Violence risk is also known to be highest during the first episode of psychosis compared to later stages of illness. Despite this, there have been no comprehensive reviews conducted in the past 10 years examining rates of violence during FEP. We aimed to provide an updated review of the rate of violence in people with FEP. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analytical techniques were used to identify pooled proportions of violence according to severity (less serious, serious, severe) and timing of violence (before presentation, at first presentation, after presentation to services). STUDY RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. The pooled prevalence was 13.4% (95% CI [9.0%-19.5%]) for any violence, 16.3% (95% CI [9.1%-27.4%]) for less serious violence, 9.7% (95% CI [5.4%-17.0%]) for serious violence and 2.7% for severe violence, regardless of time point. The pooled prevalence of any violence was 11.6% (95% CI [6.8%-18.9%]) before presentation, 20.8% (95% CI [9.8%-38.7%]) at first presentation and 13.3% (95% CI [7.3%-23.0%]) after presentation to services. CONCLUSION Overall, rates of violence appear to be lower in more recent years. However, due to the high between-study heterogeneity related to study design, the findings must be interpreted with consideration of sample characteristics and other contextual factors. The prevalence of violence remained high at all-time points, suggesting that more targeted, holistic, and early interventions are needed for clinical FEP groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Youn
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Belinda L Guadagno
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, 391-393 Tooroonga Road, Hawthorn East, Victoria 3123, Australia
| | - Amity E Watson
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sean Murrihy
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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14
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Gaynor M, Wynter K, Hesketh KD, Love P, Laws R. Fathers' perceived role, self-efficacy and support needs in promoting positive nutrition and physical activity in the first 2000 days of life: a mixed methods study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38409057 PMCID: PMC10895814 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first 2000 days of life are a crucial and opportunistic time to promote positive dietary and physical activity behaviours that can continue throughout life. The bulk of research on the impact of parents promoting positive dietary and physical activity behaviours has been on mothers, with the impact of fathers rarely investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate fathers' perceived role, self-efficacy and support needs in promoting positive dietary and physical activity behaviours in early childhood. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed methods study design consisted of a cross sectional survey of Australian fathers (n = 200) from a convenience sample, followed by semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 21) with a purposeful sample of Australian fathers. RESULTS Quantitative survey data revealed that more than 90.0% of fathers agreed that it is important to role model healthy eating and participating in physical activity with their babies, toddlers and children. A majority of fathers were confident in getting their child to eat fruit/ vegetables (90%) and playing with their child (80%). When searching for information about nutrition and physical activity, the highest proportion of fathers nominated online sources (52%) as their preferred source in survey data. Qualitative interview data revealed that while fathers exhibited high self-efficacy in their abilities, this was susceptible to deterioration due to feelings of isolation, pressures of fatherhood, a lack of information and resources that are father specific, and difficulties navigating the different types of information/resources to find what is right for them. CONCLUSIONS Although possessing self-efficacy, being committed and seeking knowledge, many fathers found that useful information was hard to find and understand. Appropriate resources are therefore required to support the specific needs of fathers to promote positive dietary and physical activity behaviours in their infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Gaynor
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karen Wynter
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Penelope Love
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Laws
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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15
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Sharafkhani N, Long JM, Adams SD, Kouzani AZ. A self-stiffening compliant intracortical microprobe. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:17. [PMID: 38345721 PMCID: PMC10861748 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Utilising a flexible intracortical microprobe to record/stimulate neurons minimises the incompatibility between the implanted microprobe and the brain, reducing tissue damage due to the brain micromotion. Applying bio-dissolvable coating materials temporarily makes a flexible microprobe stiff to tolerate the penetration force during insertion. However, the inability to adjust the dissolving time after the microprobe contact with the cerebrospinal fluid may lead to inaccuracy in the microprobe positioning. Furthermore, since the dissolving process is irreversible, any subsequent positioning error cannot be corrected by re-stiffening the microprobe. The purpose of this study is to propose an intracortical microprobe that incorporates two compressible structures to make the microprobe both adaptive to the brain during operation and stiff during insertion. Applying a compressive force by an inserter compresses the two compressible structures completely, resulting in increasing the equivalent elastic modulus. Thus, instant switching between stiff and soft modes can be accomplished as many times as necessary to ensure high-accuracy positioning while causing minimal tissue damage. The equivalent elastic modulus of the microprobe during operation is ≈ 23 kPa, which is ≈ 42% less than the existing counterpart, resulting in ≈ 46% less maximum strain generated on the surrounding tissue under brain longitudinal motion. The self-stiffening microprobe and surrounding neural tissue are simulated during insertion and operation to confirm the efficiency of the design. Two-photon polymerisation technology is utilised to 3D print the proposed microprobe, which is experimentally validated and inserted into a lamb's brain without buckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Sharafkhani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - John M Long
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Scott D Adams
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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16
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Barnett LM, Verswijveren SJJM, Colvin B, Lubans DR, Telford RM, Lander NJ, Schott N, Tietjens M, Hesketh KD, Morgan PJ, Hinkley T, Downing KL, Telford RD, Cohen KE, Ridgers ND, Abbott G. Motor skill competence and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity: a linear and non-linear cross-sectional analysis of eight pooled trials. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38326890 PMCID: PMC10848369 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the relationship between motor skill competence and device-measured physical activity in large samples and none have used non-linear modelling. This study assessed the linear and non-linear associations between motor skill competence and physical activity in children using pooled data from eight studies. METHODS Cross-sectional ActiGraph accelerometer and motor skills competence data from 988 children (50.8% boys) aged 3-11 years were included. Total, object control and locomotor skill competence were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Skill Development. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine linear associations between motor skill competence and physical activity. Then, restricted cubic splines models were used to assess potential non-linear relationships. Interactions by sex and age were assessed. RESULTS There was evidence of positive linear associations between total skill, and object control and locomotor skills, with moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity; however, the associations with total skill competence and object control better fitted a non-linear model. Non-linear models indicated associations were positive but relatively weak in the low to mid ranges of TGMD/object control scores but at high ranges (~ > 70 out of 100/ and ~ 35 out of 50) the association strength increased for both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. There were sex interactions for locomotor skills only, specifically for vigorous activity with boys having a stronger positive association than girls. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a threshold for object control skill proficiency that children need to reach to enhance their physical activity levels which provides support for a motor skill "proficiency barrier". This provides a tangible benchmark for children to achieve in motor competence programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia.
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - S J J M Verswijveren
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - B Colvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - D R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Keskussairaalantie 4, 40600, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R M Telford
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
- The Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Health & Medicine, 62 Mills Rd, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - N J Lander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - N Schott
- Department of Sport Psychology and Human Movement Sciences Organization, University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, Allmandring 28, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - M Tietjens
- University of Muenster, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Horstmarer Landweg 62 b, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - K D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - P J Morgan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - K L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - R D Telford
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - K E Cohen
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - N D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
- University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - G Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, 3125, Australia
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Karantzas GC, Toumbourou JW, Knox L, Greenwood CC, Westrupp EM. Predicting the Trajectories of Parents' Relationship Well-Being During COVID-19 Lockdowns and Beyond: a Vulnerability, Stress and Adaptation Model Perspective. Prev Sci 2024; 25:213-229. [PMID: 36976437 PMCID: PMC10043525 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Strict lockdowns have been employed by many of the world's nations as a public health response to COVID-19. However, concerns have been expressed as to how such public health responses disturb the human ecosystem. In this paper, we report on findings from a longitudinal study of Australian parents in which we investigated how state differences in government-mandated lockdowns affect the relationship well-being (i.e., relationship satisfaction and loneliness) of parents. We situated the study of the relational effects of strict lockdowns within the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model (VSAM, Karney & Bradbury, 1995) that considers the role of parents' pre-existing vulnerabilities (i.e., psychological distress and attachment insecurity), life stressors (pre-pandemic and COVID-19 stressors), and adaptive relationship processes (constructive communication and perceived partner support). A total of 1942 parents completed 14 waves of assessments of relationship satisfaction and loneliness over a 13.5-month period as well as baseline assessments of personal vulnerabilities, life stressors, and adaptive relationship processes. Parents with high relationship adaptations and low vulnerabilities evidenced the highest relationship well-being (i.e., high satisfaction and low loneliness) during changes in lockdown restrictions, while parents with moderate relationship adaptations and vulnerabilities experienced the poorest well-being. Differences in state lockdown restrictions (i.e., Victoria [long and strict lockdown policy] vs all other states) were associated with differences in relationship well-being for parents with high relationship adaptations. Specifically, Victorian parents experienced significant declines in relationship well-being compared to non-Victorian parents. Our findings provide novel insights into how government-mandated social restrictions can disrupt the relational ecology of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gery C Karantzas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Laura Knox
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Christopher C Greenwood
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Westrupp
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong, 3220, Australia
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18
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Houshialsadat Z, Cediel G, Sattamini I, Scrinis G, Machado P. Ultra-processed foods, dietary diversity and micronutrient intakes in the Australian population. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:135-144. [PMID: 37798558 PMCID: PMC10798929 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between ultra-processed foods consumption and dietary diversity and micronutrient intake in Australia. METHODS As part of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011-2012), 12,153 participants aged 2 years and above were recruited and interviewed. Dietary intake data were collected by two 24-h dietary recalls using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method. The NOVA classification system was used to group the food items based on the extent and purpose of industrial food processing. The mean micronutrient contents were calculated for the total diet, and for two diet fractions; one made up entirely of ultra-processed foods (NOVA group 4) and the other consisting of all non-ultra-processed foods (aggregation of NOVA food groups 1 to 3). The mean micronutrient content in the ultra-processed and non-ultra-processed food diet fractions were compared. Dietary diversity was measured using the ten Food Group Indicators (FGI) of the Food and Agriculture Organization and was defined as the sum number of FGIs per individual. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between the quintiles of energy contribution of ultra-processed foods, dietary diversity, and micronutrient intake. RESULTS A negative association was found between quintiles of energy contribution of ultra-processed foods and dietary diversity (β = - 0.43; p < 0.001). The overall micronutrient content was lower in the diet fraction dominated by ultra-processed foods compared to the non-ultra-processed food diet fraction in the study population. The dietary contents of vitamins A, E, C, B9, B12, zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus were reduced significantly with increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and dietary diversity. CONCLUSION The quintiles of energy contribution of ultra-processed foods were negatively associated with dietary diversity and micronutrient intake in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Houshialsadat
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Ecole des hautes études en santé publique, Paris, France
| | - Gustavo Cediel
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Isabela Sattamini
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gyorgy Scrinis
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priscila Machado
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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19
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Burns L, Pitt H, Ngoc TL. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights for ethnic minority girls in Vietnam. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad182. [PMID: 38234276 PMCID: PMC10794874 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in improved adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR) for girls across low- to- middle-income countries (LMICs). However, progress has been uneven, and disparities persistent across and within countries. For example, Vietnam is one of only nine countries to have achieved the 2015 maternal mortality rate (MMR) target of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a nation, but for some sub-populations, progress has been much slower, and MMR is more than twice that the national average. Ensuring equity is a current focus of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda that seeks to Leave No One Behind. This paper explores some of these inequities and potential drivers for ethnic minority adolescent girls in Vietnam, with a specific focus on the Tay community, the largest ethnic minority group in Vietnam. This paper highlights the challenges to progress, including areas where there is still limited evidence about the range of socio-cultural factors that may determine sexual and reproductive health outcomes for Tay adolescent girls. In the era of the SDGs, Vietnam's national policy platforms and current aid architecture provide a solid basis on which to build research, policy and practice investments that improve the health of adolescent ethnic minority girls in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Burns
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 301 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 301 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Thuy Luu Ngoc
- Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), Arts, Design & Architecture, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Dingle SE, Bowe SJ, Bujtor M, Milte CM, Daly RM, Byles J, Cavenagh D, Torres SJ. Data-driven lifestyle patterns and risk of dementia in older Australian women. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:798-808. [PMID: 37777990 PMCID: PMC10916984 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many lifestyle factors have been associated with dementia, but there is limited evidence of how these group together. The aim of this study was to examine the clustering of lifestyle behaviors and associations with dementia. METHODS This population-based study included 9947 older Australian women. Latent class analysis was employed to identify distinct lifestyle classes, and Cox proportional hazard regression compared these with incident dementia over 17 years. RESULTS Three classes were identified: (1) "highly social and non-smokers" (54.9%), (2) "highly social, smokers, and drinkers" (25.1%), and (3) "inactive and low socializers" (20.0%). Women in Class 3 exhibited a higher risk of dementia compared to both Class 1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08 to 1.30) and Class 2 (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.25). DISCUSSION A lifestyle pattern characterized by physical inactivity and low social engagement may be particularly detrimental for dementia risk in older women and should be prioritized in preventive strategies. HIGHLIGHTS Latent class analysis was employed to identify distinct lifestyle clusters. Three lifestyle-related clusters were differentially associated with dementia risk. Inactive and low socializers exhibited the greatest risk of dementia. Targeting physical inactivity and low social engagement in prevention is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Dingle
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Biostatistics UnitFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
- Faculty of HealthVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Melissa Bujtor
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
- StressPsychiatry and Immunology LaboratoryDepartment of Psychological MedicineInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology & Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUK
| | - Catherine M Milte
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julie Byles
- Centre for Women's Health ResearchThe University of NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dominic Cavenagh
- Centre for Women's Health ResearchThe University of NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Susan J Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
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21
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Thomas S, Ryan NP, Byrne LK, Hendrieckx C, White V. Psychological Distress Among Parents of Children With Chronic Health Conditions and Its Association With Unmet Supportive Care Needs and Children's Quality of Life. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:45-55. [PMID: 37840456 PMCID: PMC10799716 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess parent psychological distress in families of children with common chronic health conditions (CHC) and to explore relationships between parent psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs and children's quality of life (QoL). METHOD Cross-sectional study involving parents of children diagnosed with a common CHC between 0 and 12 years of age and who had received treatment within the last 5 years. Eligible parents completed an online survey, that included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) assessing distress in parents and a 34-item assessment of unmet supportive care needs across 6 domains. Parents completed ratings of their child's current functioning (QoL) using the 23-item PedsQL. Multivariable regression models examined the relative association between unmet needs, children's QoL and parents' depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS The sample consisted of 194 parents of children with congenital heart disease (n=97; 50%), diabetes (n=50; 26%), cancer (n=39; 20%), and asthma (n=8; 4%). A significant proportion of parents had moderate-severe symptoms of depression (26%), anxiety (38%), and stress (40%). Of the PedsQL scales, the poorest outcomes were found for emotional and school functioning. Multivariable analyses showed that both higher unmet needs and poorer child emotional functioning were associated with parent depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. CONCLUSION Evidence linking parent distress symptoms to higher unmet needs and poorer child emotional functioning suggests these factors may be targets for interventions to alleviate parent distress. Longitudinal research using larger samples is required to replicate findings, and clarify the magnitude and direction of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Thomas
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda K Byrne
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Australia
| | - Christel Hendrieckx
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Victoria White
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Liongue C, Ward AC. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diseases Mediated by Chronic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38254802 PMCID: PMC10813624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic diseases characterized by the clonal expansion of single or multiple lineages of differentiated myeloid cells that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. MPNs are grouped into distinct categories based on key clinical presentations and distinctive mutational hallmarks. These include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is strongly associated with the signature BCR::ABL1 gene translocation, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosis (PMF), typically accompanied by molecular alterations in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. There are also rarer forms such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), which involves mutations in the CSF3R gene. However, rather than focusing on the differences between these alternate disease categories, this review aims to present a unifying molecular etiology in which these overlapping diseases are best understood as disruptions of normal hematopoietic signaling: specifically, the chronic activation of signaling pathways, particularly involving signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, most notably STAT5B, leading to the sustained stimulation of myelopoiesis, which underpins the various disease sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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23
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Neason C, Miller CT, Tagliaferri SD, Belavy DL, Main LC, Ford JJ, Hahne AJ, Bowe SJ, Owen PJ. Exercise prescription variables predict reductions in pain intensity in adults with chronic low back pain: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001744. [PMID: 38196942 PMCID: PMC10773405 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between exercise training variables and clinical outcomes in low back pain (LBP) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between exercise training parameters and pain intensity in individuals with chronic LBP. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a previously reported randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of general strength and conditioning to motor control exercises and manual therapy. This secondary analysis includes adults with chronic LBP (n=20) randomised to the general strength and conditioning programme only. Primary outcomes of this analysis were exercise training parameters (time under tension, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), session duration, session-RPE and training frequency) and pain intensity (0-100 mm visual analogue acale) measured every 2 weeks from baseline to 6 months follow-up. Linear mixed models with random effects (participants) and allowance for heterogeneity of variance (study date) were used to determine the association between pain intensity and training parameters over time. Results Mean (95% CI) pain intensity decreased over time from baseline to 6 months follow-up by 10.7 (2.8 to 18.7) points (p=0.008). Over the 6-month intervention, lower pain intensity was associated with higher RPE (β (95% CI) -27.168 (-44.265 to -10.071), p=0.002), greater time under tension (-0.029 (-0.056 to -0.001), p=0.040) and shorter session duration (1.938 (0.011 to 3.865), p=0.049). Conclusion During 6 months of general strength and conditioning, lower pain intensity was associated with higher participant-reported training intensity, greater volume and shorter session duration. To ensure positive outcomes to exercise training, these variables should be monitored on a short-term basis. Trial registration number ACTRN12615001270505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Neason
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clint T Miller
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott D Tagliaferri
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Luana C Main
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jon J Ford
- Low Back Research Team, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Advance HealthCare, Boronia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hahne
- Low Back Research Team, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Owen
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Dipnall LM, Yang JYM, Chen J, Fuelscher I, Craig JM, Silk TJ. Childhood development of brain white matter myelin: a longitudinal T1w/T2w-ratio study. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:151-159. [PMID: 37982844 PMCID: PMC10827845 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Myelination of human brain white matter (WM) continues into adulthood following birth, facilitating connection within and between brain networks. In vivo MRI studies using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) suggest microstructural properties of brain WM increase over childhood and adolescence. Although DWI metrics, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), could reflect axonal myelination, they are not specific to myelin and could also represent other elements of WM microstructure, for example, fibre architecture, axon diameter and cell swelling. Little work exists specifically examining myelin development. The T1w/T2w ratio approach offers an alternative non-invasive method of estimating brain myelin. The approach uses MRI scans that are routinely part of clinical imaging and only require short acquisition times. Using T1w/T2w ratio maps from three waves of the Neuroimaging of the Children's Attention Project (NICAP) [N = 95 (208 scans); 44% female; ages 9.5-14.20 years] we aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of brain white matter myelin in children as they enter adolescence. We also aimed to investigate whether longitudinal changes in myelination of brain WM differs between biological sex. Longitudinal regression modelling suggested non-linear increases in WM myelin brain wide. A positive parabolic, or U-shaped developmental trajectory was seen across 69 of 71 WM tracts modelled. At a corrected level, no significant effect for sex was found. These findings build on previous brain development research by suggesting that increases in brain WM microstructure from childhood to adolescence could be attributed to increases in myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Dipnall
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Joseph Y M Yang
- Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- School of Medicine and the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Sobah ML, Liongue C, Ward AC. Contribution of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) to Bone Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:389. [PMID: 38203559 PMCID: PMC10778865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor activated canonically by numerous cytokines and other factors, with significant roles in immunity, immune diseases, and cancer. It has also been implicated in several human skeletal disorders, with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with aberrant skeletal development. To gain further insights, two zebrafish STAT3 lines were investigated: a complete LOF knockout (KO) mutant and a partial LOF mutant with the transactivation domain truncated (ΔTAD). Consistent with other studies, the KO mutants were smaller, with reduced length in early embryos exacerbated by a decreased growth rate from 5 days postfertilization (dpf). They displayed skeletal deformities that approached 80% incidence by 30 dpf, with a significant reduction in early bone but not cartilage formation. Further analysis additionally identified considerable abrogation of caudal fin regeneration, concomitant with a paucity of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils, which may be responsible for this. Most of these phenotypes were also observed in the ΔTAD mutants, indicating that loss of canonical STAT3 signaling was the likely cause. However, the impacts on early bone formation and regeneration were muted in the ΔTAD mutant, suggesting the potential involvement of noncanonical functions in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Clifford Liongue
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Alister C. Ward
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
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26
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Liongue C, Sobah ML, Ward AC. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins at the Nexus of Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity and Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38255152 PMCID: PMC10813391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins has been demonstrated to perform pivotal roles downstream of a myriad of cytokines, particularly those that control immune cell production and function. This is highlighted by both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations being implicated in various diseases impacting cells of the immune system. These mutations are typically inherited, although somatic GOF mutations are commonly observed in certain immune cell malignancies. This review details the growing appreciation of STAT proteins as a key node linking immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Mohamed Luban Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Brookman R, Parker S, Hoon L, Ono A, Fukayama A, Matsukawa H, Harris CB. Technology for dementia care: what would good technology look like and do, from carers' perspectives? BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:867. [PMID: 38104074 PMCID: PMC10725604 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of technology in dementia care has largely been without consultation with carers, and has primarily focused on safety, monitoring devices, and supporting activities of daily living. Further, while involving end-users in the design of technology has been recommended, this is yet to become common practice. METHOD We conducted a mixed methods study with the aim of investigating carers' values and priorities for technology development, including prior experiences, barriers to use, and what they would like technology to do. Importantly, we asked carers for their design ideas and bespoke technology solutions for future development. RESULTS Carers of people living with dementia (N = 127), including both unpaid (n = 102) and paid carers (n = 25) residing in Australia, completed an online survey. In addition, a subsample of carers (n = 23) participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings demonstrate that carers want technology to be person-centred, customisable, and to increase opportunities for meaningful social connection. Findings also demonstrate the ability of carers to generate creative design solutions for dementia care. CONCLUSIONS These findings and implications will be discussed in relation to the importance of co-design with carers and engineers during the design phase of assistive technology. Also, the importance of technology to enhance, not replace, human-to-human social interactions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brookman
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | - Asuka Ono
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Celia B Harris
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Elias A, Ben J. Pandemic Racism: Lessons on the Nature, Structures, and Trajectories of Racism During COVID-19. J Bioeth Inq 2023; 20:617-623. [PMID: 37917295 PMCID: PMC10942924 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most acute global crises in recent history, which profoundly impacted the world across many dimensions. During this period, racism manifested in ways specifically related to the pandemic, including xenophobic sentiments, racial attacks, discriminatory policies, and disparate outcomes across racial/ethnic groups. This paper examines some of the pressing questions about pandemic racism and inequity. We review what research has revealed about the nature and manifestations of racism, the entrenchment of structural racism, and trajectories of racism during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elias
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood HWY, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - J Ben
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood HWY, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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29
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Evans MK, Lane H, Hitch DP, Tull V, Pepin G. Are two occupational therapists better than one? Occupational therapists' perspectives of intra-disciplinary practice within community health. Aust Occup Ther J 2023; 70:678-689. [PMID: 37438958 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intra-disciplinary practice is rarely discussed in occupational therapy and the broader health-care literature. Community-based occupational therapists often work autonomously in clients' homes and consequently have limited access to routine intra-disciplinary practices. Additionally, the community-based role covers a large scope of practice requiring comprehensive expertise. This study aimed to describe occupational therapists' perspectives on intra-disciplinary practice within community health settings. METHODS This study utilised an online cross-sectional survey design, collecting quantitative and qualitative data to explore perspectives of occupational therapists working within Australian community health services. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Both forms of data were compared and contrasted. RESULTS/FINDINGS Eighty occupational therapists completed the survey. Seventy-eight participants (97%) previously used or currently use intra-disciplinary practice in their workplace. Participants predominantly consult their peers when client needs are perceived as complex. Participants indicated that intra-disciplinary practice can benefit the client, therapist, and workplace. Enablers and barriers to the use of intra-disciplinary practice had overlapping themes, including access to therapists, attitudes towards intra-disciplinary practice, management support, and funding influences. Most participants expressed a desire to utilise intra-disciplinary practices (n = 70, 87%) and were also likely or extremely likely to incorporate it into their clinical work (n = 73, 91%). Participants who did not want to utilise intra-disciplinary practices or who were unsure provided reasons related to cost, practice inefficiencies, and being uncertain of the benefit. CONCLUSIONS Occupational therapists perceive intra-disciplinary practice as beneficial for problem-solving and an opportunity for knowledge sharing that supports therapist confidence with clinical reasoning. Conversely, some therapists believe its use may lead to client confusion, a greater need for communication and coordination among therapists, and that power differentials between therapists may discourage equal collaboration. Greater understanding of intra-disciplinary practice will help guide how it is used and supported in community health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Patricia Hitch
- Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Tull
- Fight Parkinson's, Surrey Hills, Victoria, Australia
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Carr AJ, McKay AKA, Burke LM, Smith ES, Urwin CS, Convit L, Jardine WT, Kelly MK, Saunders B. Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents-A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:25-48. [PMID: 37878211 PMCID: PMC10721675 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels: (1) moderating variables (supplement dose and timing, and exercise test duration and intensity), (2) design factors (e.g., use of crossover or matched group study design, familiarisation trials) and (3) athlete-specific factors (recruitment of highly trained participants, buffering capacity and reported performance improvements). Only 19% of the included studies for the three buffering agents reported a performance benefit, and only 10% recruited highly trained athletes. This low transferability of research findings to athletes' real-world practices may be due to factors including the small number of sodium citrate studies in females (n = 2), no studies controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC) or menstrual status using methods described in recently established frameworks, and the limited number of beta-alanine studies using performance tests replicating real-world performance efforts (n = 3). We recommend further research into buffering agents in highly trained female athletes that control or account for the MC, studies that replicate the demands of athletes' heat and altitude camps, and investigations of highly trained athletes' use of combined buffering agents. In a practical context, we recommend developing evidence-based buffering protocols for individual athletes which feature co-supplementation with other evidence-based products, reduce the likelihood of side-effects, and optimise key moderating factors: supplement dose and timing, and exercise duration and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Carr
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella S Smith
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles S Urwin
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Lilia Convit
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - William T Jardine
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Monica K Kelly
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zanker J, Scott D, Szoeke C, Vogrin S, Patel S, Blackwell T, Bird S, Kirk B, Center J, Alajlouni DA, Gill T, Jones G, Pasco JA, Waters DL, Cawthon PM, Duque G. Predicting Slow Walking Speed From a Pooled Cohort Analysis: Sarcopenia Definitions, Agreement, and Prevalence in Australia and New Zealand. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2415-2425. [PMID: 37428864 PMCID: PMC10692428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent operational definitions of sarcopenia have not been replicated and compared in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) populations. We aimed to identify sarcopenia measures that discriminate ANZ adults with slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s) and determine the agreement between the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) and revised European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) operational definitions of sarcopenia. METHODS Eight studies comprising 8 100 ANZ community-dwelling adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.0 ± 14.4 years) with walking speed, grip strength (GR), and lean mass data were combined. Replicating the SDOC methodology, 15 candidate variables were included in sex-stratified classification and regression tree models and receiver operating characteristic curves on a pooled cohort with complete data to identify variables and cut points discriminating slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s). Agreement and prevalence estimates were compared using Cohen's Kappa (CK). RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curves identified GR as the strongest variable for discriminating slow from normal walking speed in women (GR <20.50 kg, area under curve [AUC] = 0.68) and men (GR <31.05 kg, AUC = 0.64). Near-perfect agreement was found between the derived ANZ cut points and SDOC cut points (CK 0.8-1.0). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 1.5% (EWGSOP2) to 37.2% (SDOC) in women and 1.0% (EWGSOP2) to 9.1% (SDOC) in men, with no agreement (CK <0.2) between EWGSOP2 and SDOC. CONCLUSIONS Grip strength is the primary discriminating characteristic for slow walking speed in ANZ women and men, consistent with findings from the SDOC. Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium and EWGSOP2 definitions showed no agreement suggesting these proposed definitions measure different characteristics and identify people with sarcopenia differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zanker
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Patel
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Blackwell
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Bird
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Center
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dima A Alajlouni
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon HealthDeakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Medicine, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Thomas S, Byrne LK, Ryan NP, Hendrieckx C, White V. Unmet supportive care needs in families of children with chronic health conditions: an Australian cross-sectional study. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1181-1191. [PMID: 37246167 PMCID: PMC10225288 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences in the unmet supportive care needs (USCN) of families of children with major chronic health conditions (CHCs) using a universal need assessment tool. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey involving parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), cancer, and asthma diagnosed within the last 5 years recruited via social media and support organizations. Thirty-four items assessing the USCN across six domains (care needs, physical and social needs, informational needs, support needs, financial needs, child-related emotional needs) were responded to on a 4-point Likert scale [no need (1) to high need (4)]. Descriptive statistics identified the level of need, and linear regressions identified factors associated with higher need domain scores. Due to small numbers, the asthma group was excluded from comparisons across CHCs. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-four parents completed the survey (CHD: n = 97, T1D: n = 50, cancer: n = 39, and asthma: n = 8). Parents of children with cancer were most likely to report at least one USCN (92%), followed by parents of children with T1D (62%). The five most commonly reported USCN across CHCs were drawn from four domains: child-related emotional, support, care, and financial. Three need items were included in the top five needs for all conditions. A higher USCN was associated with a greater frequency of hospital visits and the absence of parental support. CONCLUSIONS Using a universal need assessment tool, this is one of the first studies to characterize USCN in families of children diagnosed with common CHCs. While proportions endorsing different needs varied across conditions, the most endorsed needs were similar across the illness groups. This suggests that support programs or services could be shared across different CHCs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Thomas
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christel Hendrieckx
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria White
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Low JK, Crawford K, Lai J, Manias E. Factors associated with readmission in chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ren Care 2023; 49:229-242. [PMID: 35809061 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors associated with all-cause hospital readmission are poorly characterised in patients with chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify risk factors and protectors of hospital readmission in chronic kidney disease. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS Studies involving adult patients were identified from four databases from inception to 31/03/2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with all-cause 30-day hospital readmission in general chronic kidney disease, in dialysis and in kidney transplant recipient groups. RESULTS Eighty relevant studies (chronic kidney disease, n = 14 studies; dialysis, n = 34 studies; and transplant, n = 32 studies) were identified. Meta-analysis revealed that in both chronic kidney disease and transplant groups, increasing age in years and days spent at the hospital during the initial stay were associated with a higher risk of 30-day readmission. Other risk factors identified included increasing body mass index (kg/m2 ) in the transplant group, and functional impairment and discharge destination in the dialysis group. Within the chronic kidney disease group, having an outpatient follow-up appointment with a nephrologist within 14 days of discharge was protective against readmission but this was not protective if provided by a primary care provider or a cardiologist. CONCLUSION Risk-reduction interventions that can be implemented include a nephrologist appointment within 14 days of hospital discharge, rehabilitation programme for functional improvement in the dialysis group and meal plans in the transplant group. Future risk analysis should focus on modifiable factors to ensure that strategies can be tested and implemented in those who are more at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac Kee Low
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley Crawford
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerry Lai
- eSolution, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Intersect Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Manias
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bortolasci CC, Jaehne EJ, Hernández D, Spolding B, Connor T, Panizzutti B, Dean OM, Crowley TM, Yung AR, Gray L, Kim JH, van den Buuse M, Berk M, Walder K. Metergoline Shares Properties with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Identified by Gene Expression Signature Screen. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:502-513. [PMID: 37922109 PMCID: PMC10682262 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel approaches are required to find new treatments for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. This study utilised a combination of in vitro transcriptomics and in silico analysis with the BROAD Institute's Connectivity Map to identify drugs that can be repurposed to treat psychiatric disorders. Human neuronal (NT2-N) cells were treated with a combination of atypical antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder), and differential gene expression was analysed. Biological pathways with an increased gene expression included circadian rhythm and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, while the adherens junction and cell cycle pathways were transcriptionally downregulated. The Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis screen highlighted drugs that affect global gene expression in a similar manner to these psychiatric disorder treatments, including several other antipsychotic drugs, confirming the utility of this approach. The CMap screen specifically identified metergoline, an ergot alkaloid currently used to treat seasonal affective disorder, as a drug of interest. In mice, metergoline dose-dependently reduced MK-801- or methamphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity confirming the potential of metergoline to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia in an animal model. Metergoline had no effects on prepulse inhibition deficits induced by MK-801 or methamphetamine. Taken together, metergoline appears a promising drug for further studies to be repurposed as a treatment for schizophrenia and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara C Bortolasci
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Damián Hernández
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Briana Spolding
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Timothy Connor
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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van der Pligt PF, Kuswara K, McNaughton SA, Abbott G, Islam SMS, Huynh K, Meikle PJ, Mousa A, Ellery SJ. Maternal diet quality and associations with plasma lipid profiles and pregnancy-related cardiometabolic health. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3369-3381. [PMID: 37646831 PMCID: PMC10611854 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship of early pregnancy maternal diet quality (DQ) with maternal plasma lipids and indicators of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure (BP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational weight gain (GWG). METHODS Women (n = 215) aged 18-40 years with singleton pregnancies were recruited at 10-20 weeks gestation. Diet quality was assessed by the Dietary Guideline Index, calculated at early ([mean ± SD]) (15 ± 3 weeks) and late (35 ± 2 weeks) pregnancy. Lipidomic analysis was performed, and 698 species across 37 lipid classes were measured from plasma blood samples collected at early (15 ± 3 weeks) and mid (27 ± 3 weeks)-pregnancy. Clinical measures (BP, GDM diagnosis, weight) and blood samples were collected across pregnancy. Multiple linear and logistic regression models assessed associations of early pregnancy DQ with plasma lipids at early and mid-pregnancy, BP at three antenatal visits, GDM diagnosis and total GWG. RESULTS Maternal DQ scores ([mean ± SD]) decreased significantly from early (70.7 ± 11.4) to late pregnancy (66.5 ± 12.6) (p < 0.0005). At a false discovery rate of 0.2, early pregnancy DQ was significantly associated with 13 plasma lipids at mid-pregnancy, including negative associations with six triglycerides (TGs); TG(54:0)[NL-18:0] (neutral loss), TG(50:1)[NL-14:0], TG(48:0)[NL-18:0], TG(52:1)[NL-18:0], TG(54:1)[NL-18:1], TG(50:0)[NL-18:0]. No statistically significant associations were found between early pregnancy DQ and BP, GDM or GWG. CONCLUSION Maternal diet did not adhere to Australian Dietary Guidelines. Diet quality was inversely associated with multiple plasma TGs. This study provides novel insights into the relationship between DQ, lipid biomarkers and cardiometabolic health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige F van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Footscray, Australia.
| | - Konsita Kuswara
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Emonson NS, Dharmasiri B, Gordon EB, Borkar A, Newman B, Wickramasingha YA, Coia P, Harte T, Newton J, Allardyce BJ, Stojcevski F, Kaplan DL, Henderson LC. Biomedical Applications of Electro-Initiated Polymerisation on Ti6Al4 V Titanium Alloy using Silk Fibroin Coatings for Antibiotic Delivery and Improved Cell Metabolism. Chempluschem 2023:e202300555. [PMID: 38036452 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin interactions with metallic surfaces can provide utility for medical materials and devices. Toward this goal, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4 V) was covalently grafted with polyacrylamide via electrochemically reducing 4-nitrobenzene diazonium salt in the presence of acrylamide. Analysis of the modified surfaces with FT-IR spectra, SEM and AFM were consistent with surface grafting. Functionalised titanium samples with a silk fibroin membrane, with and without impregnated therapeutics, were used to assess cytocompatibility and drug delivery. Initial cytocompatibility experiments using fibroblasts showed that the functionalised samples, both with and without silk fibroin coatings, supported significant increases between 72-136 % in cell metabolism, compared to the controls after 7 days. A 7-days release profiling showed consistent bacterial inhibition through gentamicin release with average inhibition zones of 239 mm2 . Over a 5-week period, silk fibroin coated samples, both with and without growth factors, supported better human mesenchymal stem cell metabolism with increases reaching 1031 % and 388 %, respectively, compared to samples without the silk fibroin coating with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Emonson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Bhagya Dharmasiri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Edward B Gordon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ameya Borkar
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ben Newman
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | | | - Piers Coia
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Timothy Harte
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Jazmyn Newton
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Allardyce
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Skeeles MR, Scheuffele H, Clark TD. Supplemental oxygen does not improve growth but can enhance reproductive capacity of fish. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231779. [PMID: 37909085 PMCID: PMC10618859 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish tend to grow faster as the climate warms but attain a smaller adult body size following an earlier age at sexual maturation. Despite the apparent ubiquity of this phenomenon, termed the temperature-size rule (TSR), heated scientific debates have revealed a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. At the centre of these debates are prominent but marginally tested hypotheses which implicate some form of 'oxygen limitation' as the proximate cause. Here, we test the role of oxygen limitation in the TSR by rearing juvenile Galaxias maculatus for a full year in current-day (15°C) and forecasted (20°C) summer temperatures while providing half of each temperature group with supplemental oxygen (hyperoxia). True to the TSR, fish in the warm treatments grew faster and reached sexual maturation earlier than their cooler conspecifics. Yet, despite supplemental oxygen significantly increasing maximum oxygen uptake rate, our findings contradict leading hypotheses by showing that the average size at sexual maturation and the adult body size did not differ between normoxia and hyperoxia groups. We did, however, discover that hyperoxia extended the reproductive window, independent of fish size and temperature. We conclude that the intense resource investment in reproduction could expose a bottleneck where oxygen becomes a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Skeeles
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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Bucholc J, McCaffrey N, Ugalde A, Muldowney A, Rand S, Hoefman R, Mihalopoulos C, Engel L. How well do the adult social care outcomes toolkit for carers, carer experience scale and care-related quality of life capture aspects of quality of life important to informal carers in Australia? Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3109-3121. [PMID: 37356076 PMCID: PMC10522516 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identify aspects of quality of life (QoL) important to Australian informal carers and explore how well the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit for Carers, Care-related Quality of Life instrument and Carer Experience Scale capture these aspects in the Australian context. METHODS Online questionnaires were completed by Australian informal carers. Socio-demographics, open-ended questions: positive/negative aspects of caring and QoL aspects missing from the instruments, and ranking of the instrument domains was used to explore the content of the instruments. Instruments were scored using preference-weighted value sets (reported in another paper). Content analysis was used to analyse the open-ended responses. Chi-squared test looked at differences in domain importance. Descriptive analyses summarised all other information. RESULTS Eight themes were identified: Behaviour-mood of the care recipient, Caring responsibilities, Finances, Health, Own life, Perception of carers, Relationship with care recipient and Support. Many aspects of carer QoL mentioned as missing in the instruments appeared covered by the domains, of which all were reported as important. The highest ranked domain was relationship with the care recipient. The influence of the care recipient specific support, behaviour/mood and health on carer QoL appear absent in all instruments. CONCLUSION The content of the three instruments appears relevant in an Australian setting. The influence of care recipient's health and well-being on carer QoL should be considered, along with spillover effects. A content and/or face validity analysis is required to confirm differences in item interpretation in Australian informal carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bucholc
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nikki McCaffrey
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Ugalde
- Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Stacey Rand
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), Cornwallis Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Renske Hoefman
- The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Health Economics Division, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lidia Engel
- Health Economics Division, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jardine WT, Aisbett B, Kelly MK, Burke LM, Ross ML, Condo D, Périard JD, Carr AJ. The Effect of Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration on Exercise Performance, Physiological Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:2111-2134. [PMID: 37490269 PMCID: PMC10587316 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid loss during prolonged exercise in hot conditions poses thermoregulatory and cardiovascular challenges for athletes that can lead to impaired performance. Pre-exercise hyperhydration using nutritional aids is a strategy that may prevent or delay the adverse effects of dehydration and attenuate the impact of heat stress on exercise performance. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to examine the current literature to determine the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration on performance, key physiological responses and gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS English language, full-text articles that compared the intervention with a baseline or placebo condition were included. An electronic search of Medline Complete, SPORTDiscus and Embase were used to identify articles with the final search conducted on 11 October 2022. Studies were assessed using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies involving 403 participants (n = 361 males) were included in this review (n = 22 assessed exercise performance or capacity). Two studies reported an improvement in time-trial performance (range 5.7-11.4%), three studies reported an improvement in total work completed (kJ) (range 4-5%) and five studies reported an increase in exercise capacity (range 14.3-26.2%). During constant work rate exercise, nine studies observed a reduced mean heart rate (range 3-11 beats min-1), and eight studies reported a reduced mean core temperature (range 0.1-0.8 °C). Ten studies reported an increase in plasma volume (range 3.5-12.6%) compared with a control. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 26 studies, with differences in severity potentially associated with factors within the ingestion protocol of each study (e.g. treatment, dose, ingestion rate). CONCLUSIONS Pre-exercise hyperhydration may improve exercise capacity during constant work rate exercise due to a reduced heart rate and core temperature, stemming from an acute increase in plasma volume. The combination of different osmotic aids (e.g. glycerol and sodium) may enhance fluid retention and this area should continue to be explored. Future research should utilise valid and reliable methods of assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, studies should investigate the effect of hyperhydration on different exercise modalities whilst implementing a strong level of blinding. Finally, females are vastly underrepresented, and this remains a key area of interest in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Jardine
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Brad Aisbett
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Monica K Kelly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Watson, ACT, 2602, Australia
| | - Megan L Ross
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Watson, ACT, 2602, Australia
| | - Dominique Condo
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Amelia J Carr
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Varshney K, Pillay P, Mustafa AD, Shen D, Adalbert JR, Mahmood MQ. A systematic review of the clinical characteristics of influenza-COVID-19 co-infection. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3265-3275. [PMID: 37326928 PMCID: PMC10618381 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted populations across the globe and has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Influenza is another potentially deadly respiratory infection that affects people worldwide. While both of these infections pose major health threats, little is currently understood regarding the clinical aspects of influenza and COVID-19 co-infection. Our objective was to therefore provide a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for patients who are co-infected with influenza and COVID-19. Our review, which was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, involved searching for literature in seven different databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included at least one co-infected patient, were available in English, and described clinical characteristics for the patients. Data were pooled after extraction. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Brigg's Institute Checklists. Searches produced a total of 5096 studies, and of those, 64 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 6086 co-infected patients were included, 54.1% of whom were male; the mean age of patients was 55.9 years (SD = 12.3). 73.6% of cases were of influenza A and 25.1% were influenza B. 15.7% of co-infected patients had a poor outcome (death/deterioration). The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, with the most frequent complications being pneumonia, linear atelectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oseltamivir, supplemental oxygen, arbidol, and vasopressors were the most common treatments provided to patients. Having comorbidities, and being unvaccinated for influenza, were shown to be important risk factors. Co-infected patients show symptoms that are similar to those who are infected with COVID-19 or influenza only. However, co-infected patients have been shown to be at an elevated risk for poor outcomes compared to mono-infected COVID-19 patients. Screening for influenza in high-risk COVID-19 patients is recommended. There is also a clear need to improve patient outcomes with more effective treatment regimens, better testing, and higher rates of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Varshney
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Preshon Pillay
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ashmit Daiyan Mustafa
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Dennis Shen
- School of Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Malik Quasir Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Jayasinghe A, Wrobel A, Filia K, Byrne LK, Melvin G, Murrihy S, Moller C, Berk L, Berk M, Cotton S. Distress, burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with mental illness: a mixed studies systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6945-6964. [PMID: 37489510 PMCID: PMC10951414 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members of people with mental illness (MI) may experience a host of psychological adversities such as increased stress, burden, and reduced wellbeing. However, relatively little is known about siblings. This study aimed to characterise the experience of distress (viz. depressive and anxiety symptoms), burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with MI. METHODS Studies reporting on quantitative measures of depression, anxiety, burden, or wellbeing in siblings; and/or qualitative findings on siblings' experience were eligible. The literature search was conducted up until 20th October 2022. RESULTS Sixty-two studies comprising data from 3744 siblings were included. The pooled mean percentage of depressive symptoms fell in the mild range at 15.71 (k = 28, N = 2187, 95% CI 12.99-18.43) and anxiety symptoms fell in the minimal range at 22.45 (k = 16, N = 1122, 95% CI 17.09-27.80). Moderator analyses indicate that siblings of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder experience greater depressive symptoms than siblings of people with other types of MI (β = -16.38, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings suggest that individuals may be particularly vulnerable during their siblings' illness onset and times of relapse. Limited communication, confusion about MI, and the need to compensate may contribute to siblings' distress and/or burden. Siblings' experience of wellbeing and caregiving were closely related. CONCLUSION This review highlights the complex psychological experience of siblings and the need for greater research and clinical support for this important yet often overlooked cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradhi Jayasinghe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Wrobel
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Filia
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda K. Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sean Murrihy
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl Moller
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Hoh SM, Watters DA. The Best Stoma in an Emergency. World J Surg 2023; 47:2865-2866. [PMID: 37668705 PMCID: PMC10545626 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Mei Hoh
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Allan Watters
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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Holloway-Kew KL, Rufus-Membere PG, Anderson KB, Harland JW, Diez-Perez A, Kotowicz MA, Pasco JA. Mean Bone Material Strength Index Values for Women are Lower Than Those for Men: Data from a Single Geographical Location. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:511-514. [PMID: 37666992 PMCID: PMC10618326 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone material strength index (BMSi) values are obtained using impact microindentation, which assesses the ability of bone to resist indentation. Differences in BMSi between men and women are unclear, and to date, BMSi sex differences have not been compared for individuals from the same population. Therefore, we compared BMSi values for men and women drawn from the same geographical location in Australia. Participants (n = 220) were from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. BMSi was measured, following international published guidelines, using an OsteoProbe for participants at recent follow-up phases (women 2022-2023 and men 2016-2022). Women (n = 55) were age matched to men (n = 165) in a 1:3 ratio. A two-sample t test was used to determine the intergroup difference in mean BMSi. Linear regression was also performed, adjusting for weight and height. Median (IQR) ages for men and women were 67.0 (61.7-71.5) and 67.4 (62.0-71.2) years (p = 0.998). Men were heavier (81.0 ± 10.9 vs 71.0 ± 13.9 kg, p < 0.001) and taller (173.9 ± 6.4 vs 161.5 ± 7.5 cm, p < 0.001) than women. Mean (± SD) BMSi for women (75.7 ± 7.4) was lower than for men (82.8 ± 6.8) (p < 0.001). The difference persisted after adjustment for weight and height (mean ± SE: 76.5 ± 1.1 vs 82.5 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). Given the higher fracture risk observed for women, the higher mean BMSi values in men are consistent with cross sectional data suggesting this measure may be useful in fracture prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Holloway-Kew
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Pamela G Rufus-Membere
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kara B Anderson
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jacob W Harland
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adolfo Diez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERFES, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Kotowicz
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, St Albans, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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44
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Cooke R, Carter N, Groves J, Scarfe N, Mason P, White JG. Successful rehabilitation and release of a powerful owl chick with suspected rodenticide poisoning. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:453-459. [PMID: 37644778 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The successful rehabilitation and release of raptor chicks can be challenging, especially when the chicks are still in the post-fledging dependency period. Here, we report on a recently fledged powerful owl chick that was held in care for 33 days before being successfully reunited with its parents. We document the steps undertaken during the entire process from collection from the wild to post-release monitoring and recommend clinical procedures for treatment of raptors entering veterinary facilities. Success of this rehabilitation was facilitated by early care and treatment for potential rodenticide poisoning, as well as the integration of citizen scientists monitoring the family unit in the field while the chick was in care and during the post-release period. Given the emerging evidence of widespread rodenticide poisoning in raptors both in Australia and globally, it is critical to suspect all raptors may have been exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides and commence treatment with vitamin K immediately. Routine treatment for rodenticides early increases the probability of successful recovery post-trauma as well as reducing the time in treatment as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Burwood, Australia
| | - N Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Burwood, Australia
| | - J Groves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Burwood, Australia
| | - N Scarfe
- Boobook Wildlife Shelter, Heathmont, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Mason
- Australian Wildlife Health Centre. Zoos Victoria, Healesville Sanctuary, Healesville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J G White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Burwood, Australia
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Kerr JA, Gillespie AN, O'Connor M, Deane C, Borschmann R, Dashti SG, Spry EA, Heerde JA, Möller H, Ivers R, Boden JM, Scott JG, Bucks RS, Glauert R, Kinner SA, Olsson CA, Patton GC. Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068733. [PMID: 37890970 PMCID: PMC10619087 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rise in premature mortality-defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15-60 years)-is contributing to stalling life expectancy in high-income countries. Causes of mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury and non-communicable disease. The development of evidence-informed policy frameworks to guide new approaches to prevention require knowledge of early targets for intervention, and interactions between higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention targets for premature mortality (in which intervention targets are causes of mortality that can, at least hypothetically, be modified to reduce risk); (2) evaluate the review quality and risk of bias; (3) compare and evaluate each review's, and their relevant primary studies, findings to identify existing evidence gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In May 2023, we searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers published in the English language in the 12 years from 2012 to 2023 that examined intervention targets for mortality. Screening will narrow these papers to focus on systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, and their primary papers. Our outcome is death between ages 15 and 60 years; with potential intervention targets measured prior to death. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used to assess quality and risk of bias within included systematic reviews. Results will be synthesised narratively due to anticipated heterogeneity between reviews and between primary studies contained within included reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will synthesise findings from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and their primary reviewed studies, meaning ethics committee approval is not required. Our findings will inform cross-cohort consortium development, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and be presented at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022355861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kerr
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alanna N Gillespie
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camille Deane
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Ghazaleh Dashti
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holger Möller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James G Scott
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Mallya DS, Yang G, Lei W, Muthukumaran S, Baskaran K. Tuning nanofiltration membrane performance: OH-MoS 2 nanosheet engineering and divalent cation influence on fouling and organic removal. Discov Nano 2023; 18:131. [PMID: 37870641 PMCID: PMC10593713 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) present in surface water causes severe organic fouling of nanofiltration (NF) membranes employed for the production of potable water. Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) are alkaline earth metals present in natural surface water and severely exacerbate organic fouling owing to their ability to cause charge neutralization, complexation, and bridging of NOM and the membrane surface. Hence, it is of practical significance to engineer membranes with properties suitable for addressing organic fouling in the presence of these cations. This study employed OH-functionalized molybdenum disulphide (OH-MoS2) nanosheets as nanofillers via the interfacial polymerization reaction to engineer NF membranes for enhanced removal of NOM and fouling mitigation performance. At an optimized concentration of 0.010 wt.% of OH-MoS2 nanosheet, the membrane was endowed with higher hydrophilicity, negative charge and rougher membrane morphology which enhanced the pure water permeance by 46.33% from 11.2 to 16.39 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 while bridging the trade-off between permeance and salt selectivity. The fouling performance was evaluated using humic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA), which represent the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of NOM in the presence of 0, 0.5, and 1 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, and the performance was benchmarked with control and commercial membranes. The modified membrane exhibited normalized fluxes of 95.09% and 93.26% for HA and SA, respectively, at the end of the 6 h filtration experiments, compared to the control membrane at 89.71% and 74.25%, respectively. This study also revealed that Ca2+ has a more detrimental effect than Mg2+ on organic fouling and NOM removal. The engineered membrane outperformed the commercial and the pristine membranes during fouling tests in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the feed solution. In summary, this study has shown that incorporating OH-MoS2 nanosheets into membranes is a promising strategy for producing potable water from alternative water sources with high salt and NOM contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainability Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Kanagaratnam Baskaran
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Wong S, Simmons A, Villicana JR, Barnett S. Estimating Patient-Level Uncertainty in Seizure Detection Using Group-Specific Out-of-Distribution Detection Technique. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8375. [PMID: 37896469 PMCID: PMC10611125 DOI: 10.3390/s23208375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting around 1% of the global population, characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for reducing mortality rates. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown potential in aiding clinicians with seizure detection in electroencephalography (EEG) data. However, these algorithms face significant challenges due to the patient-specific variability in seizure patterns and the limited availability of high-quality EEG data for training, causing erratic predictions. These erratic predictions are harmful, especially for high-stake domains in healthcare, negatively affecting patients. Therefore, ensuring safety in AI is of the utmost importance. In this study, we propose a novel ensemble method for uncertainty quantification to identify patients with low-confidence predictions in ML-based seizure detection algorithms. Our approach aims to mitigate high-risk predictions in previously unseen seizure patients, thereby enhancing the robustness of existing seizure detection algorithms. Additionally, our method can be implemented with most of the deep learning (DL) models. We evaluated the proposed method against established uncertainty detection techniques, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying patients for whom the model's predictions are less certain. Our proposed method managed to achieve 87%, 89% and 75% in accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. This study represents a novel attempt to improve the reliability and robustness of DL algorithms in the domain of seizure detection. This study underscores the value of integrating uncertainty quantification into ML algorithms for seizure detection, offering clinicians a practical tool to gauge the applicability of ML models for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wong
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Anj Simmons
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | | | - Scott Barnett
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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Barnett LM, Jerebine A, Keegan R, Watson-Mackie K, Arundell L, Ridgers ND, Salmon J, Dudley D. Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility of Physical Literacy Assessments Designed for School Children: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:1905-1929. [PMID: 37341907 PMCID: PMC10504218 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the burgeoning researcher and practitioner interest in physical literacy has stimulated new assessment approaches, the optimal tool for assessment among school-aged children remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to: (i) identify assessment instruments designed to measure physical literacy in school-aged children; (ii) map instruments to a holistic construct of physical literacy (as specified by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework); (iii) document the validity and reliability for these instruments; and (iv) assess the feasibility of these instruments for use in school environments. DESIGN This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 21 August, 2022) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. DATA SOURCES Reviews of physical literacy assessments in the past 5 years (2017 +) were initially used to identify relevant assessments. Following that, a search (20 July, 2022) in six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, GlobalHealth, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was conducted for assessments that were missed/or published since publication of the reviews. Each step of screening involved evaluation from two authors, with any issues resolved through discussion with a third author. Nine instruments were identified from eight reviews. The database search identified 375 potential papers of which 67 full text papers were screened, resulting in 39 papers relevant to a physical literacy assessment. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Instruments were classified against the Australian Physical Literacy Framework and needed to have assessed at least three of the Australian Physical Literacy Framework domains (i.e., psychological, social, cognitive, and/or physical). ANALYSES Instruments were assessed for five aspects of validity (test content, response processes, internal structure, relations with other variables, and the consequences of testing). Feasibility in schools was documented according to time, space, equipment, training, and qualifications. RESULTS Assessments with more validity/reliability evidence, according to age, were as follows: for children, the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and Passport for Life (PFL). For older children and adolescents, the Canadian Assessment for Physical Literacy (CAPL version 2). For adolescents, the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q). Survey-based instruments were appraised to be the most feasible to administer in schools. CONCLUSIONS This review identified optimal physical literacy assessments for children and adolescents based on current validity and reliability data. Instrument validity for specific populations was a clear gap, particularly for children with disability. While survey-based instruments were deemed the most feasible for use in schools, a comprehensive assessment may arguably require objective measures for elements in the physical domain. If a physical literacy assessment in schools is to be performed by teachers, this may require linking physical literacy to the curriculum and developing teachers' skills to develop and assess children's physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alethea Jerebine
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Keegan
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean Dudley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wynter K, Watkins V, Kavanagh S, Hosking S, Rasmussen B, Maindal HT, Macdonald J. Health literacy among fathers and fathers-to-be: a multi-country, cross-sectional survey. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad131. [PMID: 37851463 PMCID: PMC10583760 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy and early fatherhood, men are at higher risk of poor health, exacerbated by low engagement by healthcare services. Yet the transition to fatherhood presents an opportunity for men to improve their health and health behaviours. Health literacy refers to individuals' competence in accessing and applying health information. Poor health literacy is associated with poor health and low help-seeking. The aim of this study was to identify health literacy strengths, needs and profiles among fathers. Men who were expecting a baby ('antenatal') or had become fathers in the past 18 months ('postnatal') were recruited through an international, online paid survey platform. The survey included the nine-scale Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Of 889 survey respondents (n = 416, 46.5% antenatal; n = 473, 53.5% postnatal), 274 (31.0%) were residing in the USA and 239 (27.0%) in the UK. Relatively higher scores were reported for HLQ scales relating to having sufficient information and finding and understanding this information, as well as social support for health. Relatively lower scores were obtained for scales relating to actively managing one's own health and navigating the health care system. Three scale scores were significantly lower among nulliparous than multiparous men. Seven health literacy profiles were identified. In conclusion, while fathers have some health literacy strengths, they also experience some barriers, particularly first-time fathers. Awareness of diverse health literacy profiles among fathers may assist in developing strategies to strengthen health services' capacity to meet fathers' needs and reduce risks to their health at this critical juncture in families' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wynter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Level 3, P Block, 246 Clayton Road, Clatyon, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Vanessa Watkins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Shane Kavanagh
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah Hosking
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, 199 Ryrie Street Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Bodil Rasmussen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation (IHT) – Western Health Partnership, Deakin University, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, 3021, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark and Steno Diabetes Center, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Helle Terkildsen Maindal
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, 2. sal, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jacqui Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Zask A, Pattinson M, Ashton D, Ahmadi M, Trost S, Irvine S, Stafford L, Delbaere K, Adams J. The effects of active classroom breaks on moderate to vigorous physical activity, behaviour and performance in a Northern NSW primary school: A quasi-experimental study. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:799-808. [PMID: 36527187 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Approximately 77% of NSW children aged 5 to 15 years do not meet physical activity guidelines and many spend a considerable amount of time sitting. Active breaks at primary school are feasible, may increase daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease off-task behaviour without adversely affecting cognitive function and learning. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 101 primary school children in six intervention classrooms participated in three 10-minute active breaks per day for six-weeks during class time, while five control classrooms were run as usual (n = 89). Physical activity levels were measured using wrist-worn Actigraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers and analysed using a random forest model. Students' off-task behaviour, wellbeing, cognitive function and maths performance were also measured. School staff completed a brief feedback survey. RESULTS Children in the intervention group engaged in 15.4 and 10.9 minutes more MVPA per day at 3 and 6 weeks respectively (P < .001). Participation significantly increased the proportion of children who met the Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (P < .001). At pre, middle and end of intervention, 44.4%, 60.8% and 55.1% of intervention children and 46.5%, 45.9% and 45.8% of controls met the guidelines. Significantly fewer students engaged in off-task behaviour in the intervention classes at mid and final weeks of intervention (-1.4 students, P = .003). No significant intervention effects were found for wellbeing, cognitive and maths performance. CONCLUSIONS Active classroom breaks are an effective way to increase physical activity among primary school children while reducing off-task classroom behaviour. SO WHAT?: Primary school students' health would benefit from active breaks with no detrimental effects on wellbeing, maths and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigdor Zask
- Health Promotion, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, Australia
- North Coast University Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martina Pattinson
- Health Promotion, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, Australia
| | - Daniel Ashton
- Aboriginal Health, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, Australia
| | - Matthew Ahmadi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stewart Trost
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - Sam Irvine
- St Mary's Catholic School, Casino, Casino, Australia
| | - Lauren Stafford
- Health Promotion, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Australia (NeuRA), University of NSW, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jillian Adams
- Health Promotion, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, Australia
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