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Effect of Fishmeal Content in the Diet on the Growth and Sexual Maturation of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthysolivaceus) at a Typical Fish Farm. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072055. [PMID: 34359181 PMCID: PMC8300409 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing demand for an efficient and economic fishmeal feed for sustainable aquaculture has urged the aquafeed sector to seek an optimum fish-feed formulation. This study investigated the physiological response in olive flounder fed various fishmeal diets in a typical fish farm. The fish were farmed for 20 weeks, using the following experimental feeds: a control feed (CON), a replacement by 20% (F20), and 30% (F30) of the fish meal content of the CON. All groups showed no significant difference in growth and survival rates. However, due to investigating hormone expression associated with maturation, high expression of PSS-I and low expression of FSH-β, ER-α, and ER-β in FM30 compared to other experimental groups were observed. Therefore, up to 30% fishmeal replacement does not affect growth, but it appears to have a slight effect on the sexual development of olive flounder. Abstract Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a commercially important and valuable species for aquaculture in Korea. Due to the unstable supply of fishmeal for farmed fish, an optimum fish-feed formulation should be researched to ensure the sustainability of P. olivaceus aquaculture. This study investigated the effect of three experimental diets: Con (basal diet); FM20 (20% fishmeal replacement of CON); and FM30 (30% fishmeal replacement of CON) on P. olivaceus over 20 weeks at a typical farm by monitoring the growth and factors relating to sexual maturation. The results showed that no differences in growth were observed between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Gonadal oocyte development was similar between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Moreover, sbGnRH and GH expression did not differ between the CON and diet-replacement groups. The levels of Erβ and Vtg expression were significantly higher in the FM20 group than in the CON and FM30 groups after the experimental period. The expression of PSS-I was significantly higher in the FM30 group than in the CON and FM20 groups. Therefore, although growth occurred when 30% of the fishmeal was replaced, such high dietary protein replacement may be ill-advised during the maturation of olive flounder at the commercial fish farm.
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Jiang P, Pan X, Zhang W, Dai Z, Lu W. Neuromodulatory effects of GnRH on the caudal neurosecretory Dahlgren cells in female olive flounder. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 307:113754. [PMID: 33711313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered a key player in reproduction. The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a unique neurosecretory structure of fish that may be involved in osmoregulation, nutrition, reproduction, and stress-related responses. However, a direct effect of GnRH on Dahlgren cells remains underexplored. Here, we examined the electrophysiological response of Dahlgren cell population of the CNSS to GnRH analog LHRH-A2 and the transcription of related key genes of CNSS. We found that GnRH increased overall firing frequency and may be changed the firing pattern from silent to burst or phasic firing in a subpopulation of Dahlgren cells. The effect of GnRH on a subpopulation of Dahlgren cells firing activity was blocked by the GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) antagonist cetrorelix. A positive correlation was observed between the UII and GnRH-R mRNA levels in CNSS or gonadosomatic index (GSI) during the breeding season. These findings are the first demonstration of the ability of GnRH acts as a modulator within the CNSS and add to our understanding of the physiological role of the CNSS in reproduction and seasonal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Jiang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinbei Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiqi Dai
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Nie H, Zhang R, Yu X, Zhang Y, Yan P, Li E, Wang R, Wu X. Molecular cloning, immunological characterization, and expression analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain of the Chinese alligator during different stages of reproductive cycle. Gene 2021; 789:145672. [PMID: 33882325 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neurohormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an essential role in the control of reproductive functions in vertebrates. However, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the GnRHs precursor and it role in the reproductive cycles regulating has not been illustrated in crocodilian species. In the present study, full-length cDNAs encoding GnRH1 forms, its predominant localization within brain and peripheral tissues, and GnRH1 peptide concentrations in the hypothalamus and pituitary in relation to seasonal gonadal development of Chinese alligator were investigated. The cDNA of GnRH1 is consisted of 282 bp open reading frame encoding 93 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of alligator GnRH1 contains several conserved regions and shows a closer genetic relationship to the avian species than to other reptile species. The GnRH1 immunopositive cells were not only detected widely in cerebrum, diencephalon, medulla oblongata but also observed in peripheral tissues, these widespread distribution characteristics indicated that GnRH1 possibly possess the multi-functionality in Chinese Alligator. GnRH1 peptide concentration within hypothalamus were observed be the highest in RP group (P < 0.05), in association with an peak value in GSI and emerging of late vitellogenic follicles in the ovary. Taken together, our results suggested that GnRH1 was predominantly involved in the vitellogenesis process of seasonal gonadal development of Chinese Alligator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Nie
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - En Li
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Renping Wang
- Alligator Research Center of Anhui Province, Xuanzhou 242000, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Kim BH, Hur SP, Hyeon JY, Yamashina F, Takemura A, Lee YD. Annual patterns of ocular melatonin level in the female grass puffer, Takifugu alboplumbeus: possible involvement in seasonal reproductive response. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:787-801. [PMID: 32128660 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of ocular melatonin in the annual reproductive cycle of the female grass puffer. Spawning season of the female grass puffer is from June to July in Jeju, South Korea. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay revealed that levels of ocular melatonin, which show an annual change, peaked in May (spawning season). Additionally, expression of reproductive-related genes also showed annual patterns: GnRH1 peaked in August, GnRH2 peaked in February, GnRH3, Kiss2, and LPXRFa peaked in November. These results suggest that ocular melatonin may be related to the annual reproductive cycle in the grass puffer. To better understand the photic regulation of AANAT1a mRNA in the retina, we observed the nocturnal pattern of ocular melatonin levels daily, which shows a nocturnal pattern in both short photoperiod (SD) and long photoperiod (LD) conditions. In the brain, AANAT2 mRNA also shows a nocturnal pattern in both SD and LD; however, the time of peak expression of AANAT2 mRNA was unchanged in both conditions. Following intraperitoneal injection of melatonin for 2 weeks, expression of GnRH2 and LPXRFa mRNA in the brain significantly increased, while that of Kiss2 mRNA was decreased, suggesting that melatonin has a reproduction-related effect. Furthermore, under SD and LD conditions for 14 weeks, the gonadosomatic index more increased and the maturity of the ovary progressed under LD compared with those under SD, suggesting that the SD photoperiodic signal inactivated ovarian development. These results indicate that the ocular melatonin may have a possible role in the reproductive endocrinology of the grass puffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Hoon Kim
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 695-965, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 2670, Iijudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 2670, Iijudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumika Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Young-Don Lee
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 695-965, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Liu XM, Li AY, Du XX, Wang XB, Liu JX, Wang ZG, Zhang QQ, Yu HY. Teleost Type 2 Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1R2) from the Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus): 3D Structure and a Role in Immune Response. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Shi B, Zang K. Evidences for involvement of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in ovarian development of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:527-537. [PMID: 27807711 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although gonadotrophins are major regulators of ovarian function in teleosts and other vertebrates, accumulating evidence indicates that the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis also plays an important role in fish reproduction. As a first step to understand the physiological role of the GH-IGF system in the ovarian development of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), the expression profiles of GH and IGF messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plasma GH, IGF-I, estradiol-17β (E2), and testosterone (T) levels during the ovarian development were investigated. The developmental stages of ovaries were divided into five stages (II, III, IV, V, and VI) by histological analysis. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) values increased and peaked at stage IV and stage V, respectively, and then declined at stage VI. Pituitary GH mRNA levels decreased sharply at stage III and raised to top level at stage VI. The hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels ascended to maximum value at stage V and then declined significantly at stage VI. However, the hepatic IGF-II mRNA levels remained stable and increased significantly at stage VI. In contrast, the ovarian IGF-I mRNA levels increased gradually and peaked at stage VI. The ovarian IGF-II mRNA levels were initially stable and increased significantly at stage V until the top level at stage VI. Consistent with the pituitary GH mRNA levels, plasma GH levels reduced sharply at stage III and remained depressed until stage V and then raised remarkably at stage VI. Plasma IGF-I level peaked at stage V and then declined to initial level. Plasma E2 level peaked at stage IV and then dramatically descended to the basal level. Plasma T level peaked at stage V and then declined significantly back to the basal level. Based on statistical analysis, significant positive correlations between hepatic IGF-I mRNA and GSI, ovarian IGF-II mRNA and hepatic IGF-II mRNA, ovarian IGF-I mRNA and ovarian IGF-II mRNA, and plasma IGF-I and plasma T were observed, respectively. These results suggest that the GH-IGF system may be involved in the ovarian development of starry flounder; GH and IGFs appear to play distinct roles in the regulation of the ovarian development in paracrine/autocrine manners. These findings extend our knowledge of the roles of the GH-IGF axis on reproduction regulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kun Zang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Song Y, Miao J, Cai Y, Pan L. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like cDNA in the clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tuziak SM, Volkoff H. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: tissue distributions, early ontogeny and effects of fasting. Peptides 2013; 50:109-18. [PMID: 24140403 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is classically known for its role in regulating teleost fish skin color change for environmental adaptation. Recent evidence suggests that MCH also has appetite-stimulating properties. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide family has dual roles in endocrine control of reproduction and energy status in fish. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are a commercially important aquaculture species inhabiting the shores of Atlantic Canada. In this study, we examine MCH and GnRH transcript expression profiles during early development as well as in central and peripheral tissues and quantify juvenile Atlantic cod MCH and GnRH hypothalamic mRNA expressions following food deprivation. MCH and GnRH3 cDNAs are maternally deposited into cod eggs, while MCH has variable expression throughout early development. GnRH2 and GnRH3 mRNAs "turn-on" during mid-segmentation once the brain is fully developed. For both MCH and GnRH, highest expression appears during the exogenous feeding stages, perhaps supporting their functions as appetite regulators during early development. MCH and GnRH transcripts are found in brain regions related to appetite regulation (telencephalon/preoptic area, optic tectum/thalamus, hypothalamus), as well as the pituitary gland and the stomach, suggesting a peripheral function in food intake regulation. Atlantic cod MCH mRNA is upregulated during fasting, while GnRH2 and GnRH3 transcripts do not appear to be influenced by food deprivation. In conclusion, MCH might be involved in stimulating food intake in juvenile Atlantic cod, while GnRHs may play a more significant role in appetite regulation during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Tuziak
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada.
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