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Della Costa NS, Martella MB, Bernad L, Marin RH, Navarro JL. Yolk corticosterone and progesterone levels in Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) eggs vary in a changing social environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:594-599. [PMID: 35614573 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hormones in avian egg yolks may signal and prepare offspring for the prevailing conditions. However, this adjustment requires some degree of flexibility in regulating yolk hormone deposition. The Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) has a particular mating system that combines mixed polygyny and polyandry, communal nesting, and exclusive paternal care of chicks. In this species, we previously found that yolk hormone deposition varies among eggs of different captive populations and could influence chicks' physiology and behavior. However, it is still unknown whether females can modify yolk hormone deposition in a changing social environment. Using a captive population of Greater Rheas, in this study, we quantified yolk hormone levels before and after a reduction in the number of females present in the population. We found that females deposited on average higher yolk corticosterone and lower yolk progesterone after the change in their social environment. Since corticosterone deposited into the yolk comes exclusively from the female's plasma, our results suggest that females had, on average, higher plasma corticosterone levels. The change in the number of females may increase the events of male-male competitions, courtships, and matings, leading to an increase of corticosterone in the females' plasma and then into their eggs. Since we previously found that higher yolk corticosterone and lower yolk progesterone were associated with the production of chicks that have an attenuated stress response, the present study results suggest that yolk hormone deposition is mediated by flexible mechanisms that could adjust development to the prevailing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Della Costa
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Martella
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
| | - Lucía Bernad
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | - Raúl H Marin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
| | - Joaquín L Navarro
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
- Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Cátedra de Problemática Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba Province, Argentina
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Restricted double access mesoporous polypyrrole as adsorbent in pipette-tip solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of progesterone, pyriproxyfen, and deltamethrin in chicken eggs. Food Chem 2022; 380:132165. [PMID: 35101792 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two sample preparation techniques were evaluated in the simultaneous determination of three compounds with different physicochemical properties, progesterone, pyriproxyfen, and deltamethrin that may be present in the chicken egg. In this procedure, firstly the restricted double access mesoporous polypyrrole was synthesized, which was evaluated as adsorbent in pipette-tip solid phase extraction and dispersive solid phase extraction. After optimizing the extraction parameters, it was found that pipette-tip solid phase extraction was more efficient and, therefore, it was used in the validation and application of the method. The analytical method showed good recoveries, acceptable linearity (r > 0.99), limits of quantification, precision and accuracy, robustness and stability within the limits of the literature. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied in simultaneous determination of analytes in different chicken egg samples. Therefore, this work provided a promising strategy for the extraction of different organic compounds from egg products.
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Paitz RT, Cagney E. In ovo metabolism of progesterone to 5β-pregnanedione in chicken eggs: Implications for how yolk progesterone influences embryonic development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113221. [PMID: 31301283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone has received substantial attention for the essential role it plays in establishing and maintaining pregnancy in placental vertebrates. Despite the prevalence of progesterone during development, relatively little is known about how embryos respond to progesterone. This is true of placental vertebrates as well as egg-laying vertebrates where levels of progesterone in the yolk tend to be higher than most other steroids in the yolk. Bird eggs provide an opportunity to investigate the effects of progesterone on embryonic development because progesterone can be easily manipulated without any confounding effects on maternal physiology. To understand how progesterone might influence embryonic development, it is important to characterize the metabolic fate of progesterone given its potential to be converted to a wide range of steroids. We investigated the metabolic fate of tritiated progesterone over the first four days of development using chicken eggs (Gallus gallus) and identified 5β-pregnanedione as the primary metabolite during this period. After only one day of development, 5β-pregnanedione could be detected within the yolk. Levels of 5β-pregnanedione in both the yolk and albumen tended to rise early in development but conjugated metabolites began to accumulate towards the end of our sampling period. Additionally, in vitro assays using embryo homogenates collected after 72 h of development demonstrated that embryos were capable of carrying out the conversion of progesterone to 5β-pregnanedione. Overall these results have important implications for deciphering the mechanisms through which yolk progesterone might influence embryonic development. Effects could arise via progesterone receptors or receptors capable of binding 5β-pregnanedione but we found no evidence that progesterone is serving as a precursor for androgen or estrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Paitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Erin Cagney
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
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