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Jannat R, Zahangir MM, Naziat A, Majharul Islam SM, Abdelazim AM, Mahboub HH, Shahjahan M. Hypoxia alters the upper thermal limits and blood physiology in zebrafish, Danio rerio. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103837. [PMID: 38552447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic aquatic environments occur more frequently as a result of climate change, thereby exerting challenges on the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals. In this study, a model fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used to observe the climate-induced hypoxic effect on the upper thermal limit (critical thermal maximum; CTmax), hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels, and abnormalities of erythrocytes at cellular and nuclear level. The value of CTmax decreased significantly under hypoxia (39.10 ± 0.96 °C) compared to normoxia (43.70 ± 0.91 °C). At CTmax, hemoglobin levels were much lower (9.33 ± 0.60 g/dL) and blood glucose levels were significantly higher (194.20 ± 11.33 mg/L) under hypoxia than they were under normoxia and at the beginning of the experiment. Increased frequencies of abnormalities in the erythrocytes at both cellular (fusion, twin, elongated, spindle and tear drop shaped) and nuclear (micronucleus, karyopyknosis, binuclei, nuclear degeneration and notched nuclei) levels were also found under hypoxia compared to normoxia. These results suggest that hypoxic conditions significantly alter the temperature tolerance and subsequent physiology in zebrafish. Our findings will aid in the development of effective management techniques for aquatic environments with minimum oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayeda Jannat
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymemsingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Department of Fish Biology and Biotechnology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Azmaien Naziat
- Department of Fish Biology and Biotechnology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymemsingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Aaser M Abdelazim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 67714, P.O. Box 255, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44519, Zagazig, 4511, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymemsingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Hunt von Herbing I, Tonello L, Benfatto M, Pease A, Grigolini P. Crucial Development: Criticality Is Important to Cell-to-Cell Communication and Information Transfer in Living Systems. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1141. [PMID: 34573766 PMCID: PMC8472183 DOI: 10.3390/e23091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the fourth paper of this Special Issue, we bridge the theoretical debate on the role of memory and criticality discussed in the three earlier manuscripts, with a review of key concepts in biology and focus on cell-to-cell communication in organismal development. While all living organisms are dynamic complex networks of organization and disorder, most studies in biology have used energy and biochemical exchange to explain cell differentiation without considering the importance of information (entropy) transfer. While all complex networks are mixtures of patterns of complexity (non-crucial and crucial events), it is the crucial events that determine the efficiency of information transfer, especially during key transitions, such as in embryogenesis. With increasing multicellularity, emergent relationships from cell-to-cell communication create reaction-diffusion exchanges of different concentrations of biochemicals or morphogenetic gradients resulting in differential gene expression. We suggest that in conjunction with morphogenetic gradients, there exist gradients of information transfer creating cybernetic loops of stability and disorder, setting the stage for adaptive capability. We specifically reference results from the second paper in this Special Issue, which correlated biophotons with lentil seed germination to show that phase transitions accompany changes in complexity patterns during development. Criticality, therefore, appears to be an important factor in the transmission, transfer and coding of information for complex adaptive system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione Hunt von Herbing
- Biological Sciences Department, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA;
| | - Lucio Tonello
- GY Academy Higher Education Institution, E305, The Hub Workspace, Triq San Andrija, SGN1612 San Gwann, Malta;
- Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA;
| | - Maurizio Benfatto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - April Pease
- Biological Sciences Department, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA;
| | - Paolo Grigolini
- Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA;
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Onukwufor JO, Wood CM. Osmorespiratory Compromise in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects of Hypoxia and Acute Thermal Stress on Oxygen Consumption, Diffusive Water Flux, and Sodium Net Loss Rates. Zebrafish 2020; 17:400-411. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John O. Onukwufor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris M. Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Cabezas-Sáinz P, Pensado-López A, Sáinz B, Sánchez L. Modeling Cancer Using Zebrafish Xenografts: Drawbacks for Mimicking the Human Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:E1978. [PMID: 32867288 PMCID: PMC7564051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first steps towards establishing xenografts in zebrafish embryos were performed by Lee et al., 2005 and Haldi et al., 2006, paving the way for studying human cancers using this animal species. Since then, the xenograft technique has been improved in different ways, ranging from optimizing the best temperature for xenografted embryo incubation, testing different sites for injection of human tumor cells, and even developing tools to study how the host interacts with the injected cells. Nonetheless, a standard protocol for performing xenografts has not been adopted across laboratories, and further research on the temperature, microenvironment of the tumor or the cell-host interactions inside of the embryo during xenografting is still needed. As a consequence, current non-uniform conditions could be affecting experimental results in terms of cell proliferation, invasion, or metastasis; or even overestimating the effects of some chemotherapeutic drugs on xenografted cells. In this review, we highlight and raise awareness regarding the different aspects of xenografting that need to be improved in order to mimic, in a more efficient way, the human tumor microenvironment, resulting in more robust and accurate in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabezas-Sáinz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
| | - Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bruno Sáinz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Stem Cell and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
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Babkiewicz E, Bazała M, Urban P, Maszczyk P, Markowska M, Gliwicz ZM. The effects of temperature on the proxies of visual detection of Danio rerio larvae: observations from the optic tectum. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio047779. [PMID: 32694151 PMCID: PMC7390641 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that temperature improves the visual capabilities of different ectotherms, including a variety of fish species. However, none of these studies has directly tested whether elevated temperature extends the visual detection distance - the distance from which a visual stimulus is detected. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of temperature on the visual detection distance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by measuring the largest distance from a moving target that induced a neural response in the optic tectum. We applied advanced methods of functional calcium imaging such as selective plane illumination microscopy in combination with a miniature OLED screen. The screen displayed an artificial, mobile prey, appearing in the visual field of the larvae. We performed experiments in three temperature treatments (18, 23 and 28°C) on transgenic fish expressing a fluorescent probe (GCaMP5G) that changes intensity in response to altered Ca2+ concentrations in the nerves in the optic tectum. Based on the obtained data, we also measured three additional parameters of the neural response in the optic tectum, each being a proxy of sensitivity to changes in the stimulus movement. We did not confirm our hypothesis, since the visual detection distance shortened as the temperature increased. Moreover, all of the three additional parameters indicated a negative effect of the temperature on the speed of the neural response to the stimuli. However, the obtained results could be explained not only by worse visual capabilities at the elevated temperature, but also by the differences in the visual field and in turn, the retinotopic location of the visual stimulus between the temperature treatments, since the stimulus in the experiments moved horizontally rather than forward and backward from the fish's eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Bazała
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Księcia Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Urban
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Maciej Gliwicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Hunt von Herbing I, Schroeder-Spain K. Hemoglobin Polymerization in Red Blood Cells of Marine Fishes: A Case of Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity? THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 236:29-42. [PMID: 30707608 DOI: 10.1086/700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of the unusual phenomenon of hemoglobin polymerization in a 10-year survey of 47 species of fishes. Similar to human sickle cell disease, hemoglobin polymers in fish red blood cells can cause distortion or sickling under low oxygen and low pH. We sampled fish from three geographic areas, including the east and west coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Fifteen species spanning five orders and nine families exhibited hemoglobin polymerization in vitro, with a majority in or related to Gadiformes, as well as species within Notocanthiformes, Perciformes, and Scorpianiformes. Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, also showed the trait in vivo. Light and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of hemoglobin polymers at the cellular level, but the morphology of hemoglobin polymers and rates of polymerization varied across species. Hemoglobin polymerization in red blood cells in vitro was pH dependent and reversible. For two species, G. morhua and Opsanus tau, >60% and >40% of all red blood cells contained hemoglobin polymers at pH 7.6, while 100% and 90% of red blood cells polymerized at pH 6.96, respectively. In both species, recovery of 60%-70% of red blood cells occurred within 45 minutes when pH increased from 6.96 to 7.99. From these results we conclude that hemoglobin polymerization is present in a broad range of fish taxa occupying wide biogeographical ranges and habitats and that it is oxygen and pH sensitive. The physiology and adaptive significance of hemoglobin polymerization in fishes remain unclear, but as oceans and coastal environments become more hypoxic and hypercapnic, this trait may have the potential to affect fish survival.
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Del Rio AM, Davis BE, Fangue NA, Todgham AE. Combined effects of warming and hypoxia on early life stage Chinook salmon physiology and development. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coy078. [PMID: 30834124 PMCID: PMC6387995 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of salmonids are particularly vulnerable to warming and hypoxia, which are common stressors in hyporheic, gravel bed, rearing habitat (i.e. a 'redd'). With the progression of global climate change, high temperatures and hypoxia may co-occur more frequently within redds, particularly for salmonid species at their southern range limit. Warming and hypoxia have competing effects on energy supply and demand, which can be detrimental to energy-limited early life stages. We examined how elevated temperature and hypoxia as individual and combined stressors affected the survival, physiological performance, growth, and development of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We reared late fall-run Chinook salmon from fertilization to the fry stage in a fully factorial design of two temperatures [10°C (ambient) and 14°C (warm)] and two oxygen levels [normoxia (100% air saturation, 10 mg O2/l) and hypoxia (50% saturation, 5.5 mg O2/l)]. Rearing in hypoxia significantly reduced hatching success, especially in combination with warming. Both warming and hypoxia improved acute thermal tolerance. While rearing in hypoxia improved tolerance to acute hypoxia stress, warming reduced hypoxia tolerance. Hypoxia-reared fish were smaller at hatch, but were able to reach similar sizes to the normoxia-reared fish by the fry stage. High temperature and normoxia resulted in the fastest rate of development while low temperature and hypoxia resulted in the slowest rate of development. Despite improved physiological tolerance to acute heat and hypoxia stress, hypoxia-reared embryos had reduced survival and growth, which could have larger population-level effects. These results suggest that both warming and hypoxia are important factors to address in conservation strategies for Chinook salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise M Del Rio
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brittany E Davis
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- California Department of Water Resources, Division of Environmental Services, PO Box 942836, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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