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Di Cesare L, Barbeito CG, Santamaría-Martín C, Montes MM, Uribe MC, Plaul SE. Ovarian changes and development of the branchial placenta occurring in Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinodontiformes, Anablepidae). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21630. [PMID: 37585233 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In viviparous teleosts, intraovarian gestation occurs intrafollicularly, as in poeciliids, or intraluminally, as in goodeids and anablepids. Furthermore, there are two different forms of embryonic nutrition: lecithotrophy and matrotrophy; depending on the species, these can be exclusive or coexist during gestation. In matrotrophic species, nutrients are transmitted from the mother to the embryo and are especially important in species with intraluminal gestation. Jenynsia lineata is a South American viviparous teleost with intraluminal gestation, characterized by eggs with scarce yolk, which is resorbed when embryos are 6 mm long, thus developing a branchial placenta. Using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques, the present study describes the characteristics and changes of the ovarian mucosa in J. lineata during gestational and nongestational phases, and analyzes the embryonic pharyngeal epithelium in the branchial placenta. The ovaries of 30 adult female specimens were processed using histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Alcian Blue pH 2.5/periodic acid Schiff reagent. To detect cell proliferation, we used antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. In nonpregnant females, eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) and lymphocytes were identified in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and fibroblasts were identified adjacent to tissue debris in the ovarian folds'. In the cellular debris, an embryo in resorption was observed. In pregnant females, the ovarian mucosa has thin vascularization branches entering the opercular chamber of the embryos, in close contact with the forming gill processes, thereby establishing a branchial placenta. Active cell replacement was observed in these ovarian branches. The identification of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, EGCs, and MMCs adjacent to tissue debris could indicate that these cell types are involved in the embryonic resorption process. Considering the new data obtained in this study on the branchial placenta of J. lineata, we conclude that cell proliferation could be involved in the development of maternal-embryonic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Cesare
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Santamaría-Martín
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín M Montes
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT, CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mari C Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia E Plaul
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Saleh-Subaie N, Ramírez-Cruz GA, Zúñiga-Vega JJ. Examination of the Trexler-DeAngelis Model of Maternal Provisioning Reveals That Matrotrophy Is Costly. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.690430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of matrotrophy (post-fertilization maternal provisioning to developing embryos) has been explained through several hypotheses. Trexler and DeAngelis proposed in 2003 a theoretical model that defines the ecological conditions under which matrotrophy would be favored over lecithotrophy (pre-fertilization maternal provisioning). According to this model, matrotrophy offers a selective advantage in environments with abundant and constantly available food, whereas environments with limited and fluctuating food resources should instead promote a lecithotrophic mode of maternal provisioning. This model also proposes that matrotrophy entails the consequence of leaner reproductive females and in turn shorter lifespans. In this study, we examined the Trexler-DeAngelis model using data from 45 populations of five viviparous species from the fish genus Poeciliopsis (family Poeciliidae). We used the matrotrophy index (MI) as a measure of post-fertilization maternal provisioning, and the index of stomach fullness and individual body condition (BC) as proxies for food availability. We also estimated the magnitude of fluctuations in food availability by calculating the temporal variances of these two proxies. Neither abundant nor constantly available food were associated with greater degrees of matrotrophy, which fails to support the predictions of the Trexler-DeAngelis model with respect to the ecological drivers of increased post-fertilization provisioning to embryos. Nonetheless, in all five species we observed that females with greater degrees of matrotrophy had poorer BC compared to females that provided less nutrients to embryos after fertilization. This finding is consistent with one of the expected consequences of advanced matrotrophy according to the Trexler-DeAngelis model, namely, a detriment to the nutritional status of females. Our study provides compelling evidence that gestating females experience a trade-off between post-fertilization provisioning to embryos and self-maintenance, revealing in turn that matrotrophy is a costly reproductive strategy.
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Saleh‐Subaie N, Johnson JB, Zúñiga‐Vega JJ. Small sizes, big strategies: the relationship between female size, matrotrophy and superfetation throughout the reproductive lives of poeciliid fishes. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saleh‐Subaie
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - J. B. Johnson
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - J. J. Zúñiga‐Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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4
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Hagmayer A, Furness AI, Reznick DN, Dekker ML, Pollux BJA. Predation risk shapes the degree of placentation in natural populations of live-bearing fish. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:831-840. [PMID: 32166847 PMCID: PMC7187176 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a complex life‐history trait that is ubiquitous across the tree of life. Theory proposes that the placenta evolves in response to high performance‐demanding conditions by shifting maternal investment from pre‐ to post‐fertilisation, thereby reducing a female’s reproductive burden during pregnancy. We test this hypothesis by studying populations of the fish species Poeciliopsis retropinna in Costa Rica. We found substantial variation in the degree of placentation among natural populations associated with predation risk: females from high predation populations had significantly higher degrees of placentation compared to low predation females, while number, size and quality of offspring at birth remained unaffected. Moreover, a higher degree of placentation correlated with a lower reproductive burden and hence likely an improved swimming performance during pregnancy. Our study advances an adaptive explanation for why the placenta evolves by arguing that an increased degree of placentation offers a selective advantage in high predation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Hagmayer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Furness
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Hull, UK
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Myrthe L Dekker
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
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5
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Molina-Moctezuma A, Hernández-Rosas AL, Zúñiga-Vega JJ. Resource availability and its effects on mother to embryo nutrient transfer in two viviparous fish species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:181-193. [PMID: 31904197 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive value of matrotrophy, which is the postfertilization maternal provisioning to developing embryos. The Trexler-DeAngelis model proposes that matrotrophy provides fitness advantages when food abundance is high and availability is constant. If food availability is low or unpredictable, prefertilization maternal provisioning (lecithotrophy) should be favored over matrotrophy. In this study, we tested this model in two fish species from the family Poeciliidae, Poeciliopsis gracilis and P. infans, using field and laboratory data. In the field study, we explored the effects of population, season, and food abundance on the degree of matrotrophy. In P. infans, we found evidence that supports this model: In the population where food abundance decreased during the dry season, females reduced the amount of postfertilization provisioning and thus exhibited a more lecithotrophic strategy. In P. gracilis, we observed patterns that were partially consistent with this model: Food abundance decreased during the wet season in three populations of this species, but only in one of these populations, females exhibited less postfertilization nutrient transfer during this season. In the laboratory study, we tested the effects of constant, fluctuating, and low food availability on the relative amounts of pre- and postfertilization provisioning of P. infans. Our laboratory results also support the Trexler-DeAngelis model because both low and fluctuating food regimes promoted a more lecithotrophic strategy. Together, our findings indicate that the benefits of matrotrophy are more likely to occur when females have constant access to food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Molina-Moctezuma
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana L Hernández-Rosas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Mateos M, Domínguez‐Domínguez O, Varela‐Romero A. A multilocus phylogeny of the fish genus Poeciliopsis: Solving taxonomic uncertainties and preliminary evidence of reticulation. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1845-1857. [PMID: 30847076 PMCID: PMC6392363 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish genus Poeciliopsis constitutes a valuable research system for evolutionary ecology, whose phylogenetic relationships have not been fully elucidated. We conducted a multilocus phylogenetic study of the genus based on seven nuclear and two mitochondrial loci with a thorough set of analytical approaches, that is, concatenated (also known as super-matrix), species trees, and phylogenetic networks. Although several relationships remain unresolved, the overall results uncovered phylogenetic affinities among several members of this genus. A population previously considered of undetermined taxonomic status could be unequivocally assigned to P. scarlli; revealing a relatively recent dispersal event across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) or Pacific Ocean, which constitute a strong barrier to north-south dispersal of many terrestrial and freshwater taxa. The closest relatives of P. balsas, a species distributed south of the TMVB, are distributed in the north; representing an additional north-south split in the genus. An undescribed species of Poeciliopsis, with a highly restricted distribution (i.e., a short stretch of the Rio Concepcion; just south of the US-Mexico border), falls within the Leptorhaphis species complex. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that this species originated by "breakdown" of an asexual hybrid lineage. On the other hand, network analyses suggest one or more possible cases of reticulation within the genus that require further evaluation with genome-wide marker representation and additional analytical tools. The most strongly supported case of reticulation occurred within the subgenus Aulophallus (restricted to Central America), and implies a hybrid origin for P. retropinna (i.e., between P. paucimaculata and P. elongata). We consider that P. balsas and P. new species are of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mateos
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Omar Domínguez‐Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMexico
| | - Alejandro Varela‐Romero
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y TecnológicasUniversidad de SonoraHermosilloSonoraMexico
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Pires MN, Reznick DN. Life-history evolution in the fish genus Poecilia (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes: subgenus Pamphorichthys): an evolutionary origin of extensive matrotrophy decoupled from superfetation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Pires
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, 900 University Avenue - Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, 900 University Avenue - Riverside, CA, USA
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8
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Jue NK, Foley RJ, Reznick DN, O'Neill RJ, O'Neill MJ. Tissue-Specific Transcriptome for Poeciliopsis prolifica Reveals Evidence for Genetic Adaptation Related to the Evolution of a Placental Fish. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:2181-2192. [PMID: 29720394 PMCID: PMC6027864 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the placenta is an excellent model to examine the evolutionary processes underlying adaptive complexity due to the recent, independent derivation of placentation in divergent animal lineages. In fishes, the family Poeciliidae offers the opportunity to study placental evolution with respect to variation in degree of post-fertilization maternal provisioning among closely related sister species. In this study, we present a detailed examination of a new reference transcriptome sequence for the live-bearing, matrotrophic fish, Poeciliopsis prolifica, from multiple-tissue RNA-seq data. We describe the genetic components active in liver, brain, late-stage embryo, and the maternal placental/ovarian complex, as well as associated patterns of positive selection in a suite of orthologous genes found in fishes. Results indicate the expression of many signaling transcripts, "non-coding" sequences and repetitive elements in the maternal placental/ovarian complex. Moreover, patterns of positive selection in protein sequence evolution were found associated with live-bearing fishes, generally, and the placental P. prolifica, specifically, that appear independent of the general live-bearer lifestyle. Much of the observed patterns of gene expression and positive selection are congruent with the evolution of placentation in fish functionally converging with mammalian placental evolution and with the patterns of rapid evolution facilitated by the teleost-specific whole genome duplication event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Jue
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Robert J Foley
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Rachel J O'Neill
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Michael J O'Neill
- Institute for Systems Genomics and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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9
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López-Rodríguez NC, Barros CMD, Petry AC. A macroscopic classification of the embryonic development of the one-sided livebearer Jenynsia multidentata (Teleostei: Anablepidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study proposes eight stages according to the main discernible changes recorded throughout the embryonic development of Jenynsia multidentata. The development of morphological embryo structures, pigmentation, and changes in tissues connecting mother and embryo were included in the stage characterization. From the fertilized egg (Stage 1), an embryo reaches the intermediary stages when presenting yolk syncytial layer (Stage 2), initial pigmentation of the outer layers of the retina and dorsal region of the head (Stage 3), and the sprouting of the caudal (Stage 4), dorsal and anal fins (Stage 5). During the later stages, the ovarian folds enter the gills, and the body pigmentation becomes more intense (Stage 6), the body becomes elongated (Stage 7), and there is a greater intensity in body pigmentation and increased muscle mass (Stage 8). The dry weight of the batches varied between 0.6 ± 0.3 mg (Stage 3) to 54.6 ± 19.7 mg (Stage 8), but the dry weight of the maternal-embryonic connecting tissues remained almost constant. After controlling the effect of those reproductive tissues, the gain in dry weight of the batches throughout development increased exponentially from Stage 6, reflecting the increase in size and weight of the embryos due to matrotrophy.
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10
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Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Olivera-Tlahuel C, Molina-Moctezuma A. Superfetation increases total fecundity in a viviparous fish regardless of the ecological context. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Panhuis TM, Fris M, Tuhela L, Kwan L. An examination of surface epithelium structures of the embryo across the genus
Poeciliopsis
(Poeciliidae). J Morphol 2017; 278:1726-1738. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tami M. Panhuis
- Department of ZoologyOhio Wesleyan University, 61 S. Sandusky StDelaware Ohio43015
| | - Megan Fris
- Department of ZoologyOhio Wesleyan University, 61 S. Sandusky StDelaware Ohio43015
| | - Laura Tuhela
- Department of ZoologyOhio Wesleyan University, 61 S. Sandusky StDelaware Ohio43015
| | - Lucia Kwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto, 25 Willcocks StToronto Ontario Canada, M5S 3B2
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12
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Zhao T, Li C, Wang X, Xie F, Jiang J. Unraveling the relative contribution of inter- and intrapopulation functional variability in wild populations of a tadpole species. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4726-4734. [PMID: 28690802 PMCID: PMC5496530 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are increasingly recognized as an integrative approach by ecologists to quantify a key facet of biodiversity. And these traits are primarily expressed as species means in previous studies, based on the assumption that the effects of intraspecific variability can be overridden by interspecific variability when studying functional ecology at the community level. However, given that intraspecific variability could also have important effects on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, empirical studies are needed to investigate the importance of intraspecific variability in functional traits. In this study, 256 Scutiger boulengeri tadpole individuals from four different populations are used to quantify the functional difference between populations within a species, and the relative contribution of inter‐ and intrapopulation variability in functional traits. Our results demonstrate that these four populations differ significantly in functional attributes (i.e., functional position, functional richness, and low functional overlap), indicating that individuals from different populations within a species should be explicitly accounted for in functional studies. We also find similar relative contribution of inter‐ (~56%) and intrapopulation (~44%) variation to the total variability between individuals, providing evidence that individuals within populations should also be incorporated in functional studies. Overall, our results support the recent claims that intraspecific variability cannot be ignored, as well as the general idea of “individual level” research in functional ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
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13
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Olivera-Tlahuel C, Ossip-Klein AG, Espinosa-Pérez HS, Zúñiga-Vega JJ. Have superfetation and matrotrophy facilitated the evolution of larger offspring in poeciliid fishes? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015; 116:787-804. [PMID: 26617418 PMCID: PMC4659389 DOI: 10.1111/bij.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Superfetation is the ability of females to simultaneously carry multiple broods of embryos, with each brood at a different developmental stage. Matrotrophy is the post-fertilization maternal provisioning of nutrients to developing embryos throughout gestation. Several studies have demonstrated that, in viviparous fishes, superfetation and matrotrophy have evolved in a correlated way, such that species capable of bearing several simultaneous broods also exhibit advanced degrees of post-fertilization provisioning. The adaptive value of the concurrent presence of both reproductive modes may be associated with the production of larger newborns, which in turn may result in enhanced offspring fitness. In this study, we tested two hypotheses: (1) species with superfetation and moderate or extensive matrotrophy give birth to larger offspring compared to species without superfetation or matrotrophy; (2) species with higher degrees of superfetation and matrotrophy (i.e. more simultaneous broods and increased amounts of post-fertilization provisioning) give birth to larger offspring compared to species with relatively low degrees of superfetation and matrotrophy (i.e. fewer simultaneous broods and lesser amounts of post-fertilization provisioning). Using different phylogenetic comparative methods and data on 44 species of viviparous fishes of the family Poeciliidae, we found a lack of association between offspring size and the combination of superfetation and matrotrophy. Therefore, the concurrent presence of superfetation and moderate or extensive matrotrophy has not facilitated the evolution of larger offspring. In fact, these traits have evolved differently. Superfetation and matrotrophy have accumulated gradual changes that largely can be explained by Brownian motion, whereas offspring size has evolved fluidly, experiencing changes that likely resulted from selective responses to the local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Olivera-Tlahuel
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal 04510, México
| | | | - Héctor S. Espinosa-Pérez
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal 04510, México
| | - J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal 04510, México
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14
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Cohen SN, Regus JU, Reynoso Y, Mastro T, Reznick DN. Comparative life histories of fishes in the subgenus Limia (Pisces: Poeciliidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:100-114. [PMID: 26044076 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents life-history descriptions for 12 species in the subgenus Limia, which are endemic to the Greater Antilles. All species in this study lack evidence of superfoetation, producing a single brood of offspring before developing subsequent broods. Interbrood intervals (number of days between parturition events) are also consistent with intervals of species that lack superfoetation. Maternal provisioning, characterized by matrotrophy index, is <1.0 for all species of Limia. This is consistent with species that provide little or no maternal provisioning to developing embryos after ovum fertilization (lecithotrophic). Four species exhibit potentially bi-modal size distributions of mature males. Work on other poeciliids suggests that such bimodal distributions can be caused by genetic polymorphisms in some species. Principle component analyses revealed an axis of interspecific variation in life histories that separated species with small size at maturity and the production of many, small offspring from those with large size at maturity and that produce few, large offspring. This pattern of life-history diversity occurs in many other groups of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Cohen
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - J U Regus
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Y Reynoso
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - T Mastro
- Department Molecular and Computations Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - D N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
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15
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Kwan L, Fris M, Rodd FH, Rowe L, Tuhela L, Panhuis TM. An examination of the variation in maternal placentae across the genusPoeciliopsis(Poeciliidae). J Morphol 2015; 276:707-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks St. Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Megan Fris
- Department of Zoology; Ohio Wesleyan University; 61 S. Sandusky St. Delaware Ohio 43015
| | - F. Helen Rodd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks St. Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Willcocks St. Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Laura Tuhela
- Department of Zoology; Ohio Wesleyan University; 61 S. Sandusky St. Delaware Ohio 43015
| | - Tami M. Panhuis
- Department of Zoology; Ohio Wesleyan University; 61 S. Sandusky St. Delaware Ohio 43015
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16
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Weldele ML, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Johnson JB. Life history ofGambusia vittata(Pisces: Poeciliidae). SOUTHWEST NAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1894/mp-08.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Frías-Alvarez P, Macías Garcia C, Vázquez-Vega LF, Zúñiga-Vega JJ. Spatial and temporal variation in superfoetation and related life history traits of two viviparous fishes: Poeciliopsis gracilis and P. infans. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:1085-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Bassar RD, Auer SK, Reznick DN. Why do placentas evolve? A test of the life-history facilitation hypothesis in two clades in the genusPoeciliopsisrepresenting two independent origins of placentas. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D. Bassar
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Sonya K. Auer
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - David N. Reznick
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside California 92521 USA
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19
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Regus JU, Johnson JB, Webb SA, Reznick DN. Comparative life histories of fishes in the genus Phallichthys (Pisces: Poeciliidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 83:144-155. [PMID: 23808697 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a description of the life histories of all four species of the genus Phallichthys, found primarily in the Atlantic slope of Central America (ranging from northern Panama to Mexico), based on a combination of data collected from preserved and living specimens. All species produced a single litter of offspring before developing another brood (i.e. no superfoetation). In the laboratory, the mean time interval between successive litters ranged from 24 to 48 days, further suggesting that they lack superfoetation. Embryos lose from 15 to 65% of their dry mass during development, meaning all or the large majority of resources required for development are provided prior to fertilization (lecithotrophy). All mature male size distributions were platykurtotic and appeared either bimodal or multimodal. Multimodal and skewed size distributions have been associated with genetic polymorphisms for size at maturity in other species of Poeciliidae. As the sister clade to Phallichthys includes genera in which all species have superfoetation (Neoheterandria and Poeciliopsis), these results suggest that their common ancestor with Phallichthys also had superfoetation and that the trait has been lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Regus
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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20
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Diversification of the eutherian placenta is associated with changes in the pace of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7760-5. [PMID: 23610401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305018110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few mammalian organs vary as dramatically among species as the placenta. This variation is remarkable considering that the placenta's primary function--transfer of nutrients and waste between mother and offspring--does not differ among species. Evolutionary changes in placental morphology remain poorly understood, with suggestions that parent-offspring conflict or evolutionary changes in life history might drive placental evolution. Here we demonstrate that life history differences among eutherian mammals are associated with major transitions in maternofetal interdigitation and placental invasiveness. We show that the repeated evolution of villous interdigitation is associated with reduced offspring production early in life and an increased lifespan. Further changes in placental morphology that reestablish a larger surface area are also associated with a change back to greater offspring production. After controlling for these differences in interdigitation, we also show that the least invasive placental type is associated with a fast pace of life. We predict that selection for a faster pace of life intensifies parent-offspring conflict, and that the repeated evolution of less-invasive placental structures might have allowed mothers to wrest back control of gestation from the fetus and alter their relative allocation to offspring production across life.
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21
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Riesch R, Martin RA, Langerhans RB. Predation’s Role in Life-History Evolution of a Livebearing Fish and a Test of the Trexler-DeAngelis Model of Maternal Provisioning. Am Nat 2013; 181:78-93. [DOI: 10.1086/668597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Schrader M, Travis J. Embryonic IGF2 expression is not associated with offspring size among populations of a placental fish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45463. [PMID: 23029026 PMCID: PMC3446872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In organisms that provision young between fertilization and birth, mothers and their developing embryos are expected to be in conflict over embryonic growth. In mammalian embryos, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) plays a key role in maternal-fetal interactions and is thought to be a focus of maternal-fetal conflict. Recent studies have suggested that IGF2 is also a focus of maternal-fetal conflict in placental fish in the family Poeciliidae. However, whether the expression of IGF2 influences offspring size, the trait over which mothers and embryos are likely to be in conflict, has not been assessed in a poeciliid. We tested whether embryonic IGF2 expression varied among four populations of a placental poeciliid that display large and consistent differences in offspring size at birth. We found that IGF2 expression varied significantly among embryonic stages with expression being 50% higher in early stage embryos than late stage embryos. There were no significant differences among populations in IGF2 expression; small differences in expression between population pairs with different offspring sizes were comparable in magnitude to those between population pairs with the same offspring sizes. Our results indicate that variation in IGF2 transcript abundance does not contribute to differences in offspring size among H. formosa populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schrader
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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23
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Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Suárez-Rodríguez M, Espinosa-Pérez H, Johnson JB. Morphological and reproductive variation among populations of the Pacific molly Poecilia butleri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 79:1029-1046. [PMID: 21967588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In viviparous organisms, pregnant females typically experience an increase in body mass and body volume. In this study, the prediction that variation in reproductive traits among populations of viviparous organisms should be related to variation among populations in body shape was tested in the Pacific molly Poecilia butleri, a viviparous fish that inhabits western Mexico and northern Central America. Variation among 10 populations in four reproductive traits was examined: brood size, individual embryo mass, total reproductive allotment and degree of maternal provisioning of nutrients to developing embryos. Variation among these populations in body shape was also examined. Significant variation among populations was observed in both brood size and reproductive allotment but not in embryo mass or degree of maternal provisioning. Significant variation among populations was also observed in body shape. After correcting for female size, however, reproductive traits and body shape were not associated among populations. This suggests that selective pressures acting on reproduction do not necessarily affect morphology and vice versa. Several factors might contribute to this unexpected lack of association between reproductive traits and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zúñiga-Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Distrito Federal, México.
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24
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Pires MN, Bassar RD, McBride KE, Regus JU, Garland T, Reznick DN. Why do placentas evolve? An evaluation of the life-history facilitation hypothesis in the fish genus Poeciliopsis. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Pollux BJA, Reznick DN. Matrotrophy limits a female’s ability to adaptively adjust offspring size and fecundity in fluctuating environments. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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PIRES MARCELON, ARENDT JEFF, REZNICK DAVIDN. The evolution of placentas and superfetation in the fish genus Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: subgenera Micropoecilia and Acanthophacelus). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Pollux B, Pires M, Banet A, Reznick D. Evolution of Placentas in the Fish Family Poeciliidae: An Empirical Study of Macroevolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.J.A. Pollux
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; ,
| | - M.N. Pires
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - A.I. Banet
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - D.N. Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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29
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Schrader M, Travis J. DO EMBRYOS INFLUENCE MATERNAL INVESTMENT? EVALUATING MATERNAL-FETAL COADAPTATION AND THE POTENTIAL FOR PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT IN A PLACENTAL FISH. Evolution 2009; 63:2805-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Banet AI, Reznick DN. Do placental species abort offspring? Testing an assumption of the Trexler–DeAngelis model. Funct Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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