1
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Prazdnikov DV, Kondakova EA. Investigation of extragonadal teratomas in two Poecilia wingei. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13929. [PMID: 38291575 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Teratoma is a rare tumour in fish consisting of tissues from more than one germ layer, that may be located in either the gonads or extragonadal sites. Teratomas in many fish species remain poorly understood. In this work, we performed the first histological examinations of extragonadal teratomas in Poecilia wingei and also examined the influence of a large teratoma on male sexual activity. The studied teratomas shared general organizational features, but they also had variations in both external and internal features. In teratomas, the most common and highly differentiated tissues were striated muscle and nervous tissue. Despite the tumour, the male P. wingei exhibited normal mating behaviour and retained the ability for successful copulation. The structural features of extragonadal teratomas in guppy fish indicate a possible connection between these tumours and a failure of conserved processes operating in the embryonic germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Prazdnikov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kondakova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Branch of the FSBSI «VNIRO» («GosNIORKH» named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Matthews DG, Reznick DN, Dial TR. Trophic niche drives the evolution of craniofacial shape in Trinidadian guppies. Evolution 2024; 78:894-905. [PMID: 38315570 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diverse clades of fishes adapted to feeding on the benthos repeatedly converge on steep craniofacial profiles and shorter, wider heads. But in an incipient radiation, to what extent is this morphological evolution measurable and can we distinguish the relative genetic vs. plastic effects? We use the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to test the repeatability of adaptation and the alignment of genetic and environmental effects shaping poecilid craniofacial morphology. We compare wild-caught and common garden lab-reared fish to quantify the genetic and plastic components of craniofacial morphology across 4 populations from 2 river drainage systems (n = 56 total). We first use micro-computed tomography to capture 3D morphology, then place both landmarks and semilandmarks to perform size-corrected 3D morphometrics and quantify shape space. We find a measurable, significant, and repeatable divergence in craniofacial shape between high-predation invertivore and low-predation detritivore populations. As predicted from previous examples of piscine adaptive trophic divergence, we find increases in head slope and craniofacial compression among the benthic detritivore foragers. Furthermore, the effects of environmental plasticity among benthic detritivores produce exaggerated craniofacial morphological change along a parallel axis to genetic morphological adaptation from invertivore ancestors. Overall, many of the major patterns of benthic-limnetic craniofacial evolution appear convergent among disparate groups of teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Matthews
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Terry R Dial
- Department of Biology and College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Moab, UT, United States
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3
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Yoshida J, Tajika Y, Uchida K, Kuwahara M, Sano K, Suzuki T, Hondo E, Iida A. Membrane molecule bouncer regulates sperm binding activity in immature oocytes in the viviparous teleost species Poecilia reticulata (guppy). Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:194-204. [PMID: 38302769 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Generally, in vertebrates, the first step toward fertilization is the ovulation of mature oocytes, followed by their binding to sperm cells outside of the ovary. Exceptionally, the oocytes of poeciliid fish are fertilized by sperm cells within the follicle, and the developmental embryo is subsequently released into the ovarian lumen before delivery. In the present study, we aimed to identify the factor(s) responsible for intrafollicular fertilization in a viviparous teleost species, Poecilia reticulata (guppy). Sperm tracking analysis in this regard indicated that in this species, sperm cells reached immature oocytes including the germinal vesicle, and the insemination assay indicated that the immature oocytes robustly adhered to the sperm cells; similar binding was not observed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Oryzias latipes (medaka). We also identified the Ly6/uPAR protein bouncer as the factor responsible for the observed sperm binding activity of the immature oocytes in this species. The recombinant bouncer peptide acted as an inhibitory decoy for the sperm-oocyte binding in guppy. On the other hand, ectopic expression of guppy bouncer in zebrafish oocytes resulted in interspecific sperm-oocyte binding. These results argue that bouncer is responsible for sperm-immature oocyte binding. Our findings highlight the unique reproductive strategies of guppy fish and enhance our understanding of the diverse reproductive mechanisms in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajika
- Department of Radiological Technology, School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Science, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Uchida
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science Department of Biology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Earl SR, Johnson LE, Grant E, Kasubhai A, López-Sepulcre A, Yang Y, Gordon S. Disentangling genetic, plastic and social learning drivers of sex-specific foraging behaviour in Trinidadian guppies ( Poecilia reticulata). Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232950. [PMID: 38471559 PMCID: PMC10932697 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists have long been interested in parsing out the roles of genetics, plasticity and their interaction on adaptive trait divergence. Since males and females often have different ecological and reproductive roles, separating how their traits are shaped by interactions between their genes and environment is necessary and important. Here, we disentangle the sex-specific effects of genetic divergence, developmental plasticity, social learning and contextual plasticity on foraging behaviour in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) adapted to high- or low-predation habitats. We reared second-generation siblings from both predation regimes with or without predator chemical cues, and with adult conspecifics from either high- or low-predation habitats. We then quantified their foraging behaviour in water with and without predator chemical cues. We found that high-predation guppies forage more efficiently than low-predation guppies, but this behavioural difference is context-dependent and shaped by different mechanisms in males and females. Higher foraging efficiency in high-predation females is largely genetically determined, and to a smaller extent socially learned from conspecifics. However, in high-predation males, higher foraging efficiency is plastically induced by predator cues during development. Our study demonstrates sex-specific differences in genetic versus plastic responses in foraging behaviour, a trait of significance in organismal fitness and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna R. Earl
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lauren E. Johnson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elly Grant
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avika Kasubhai
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrés López-Sepulcre
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yusan Yang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Swanne Gordon
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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5
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Montalbano G, Bertolucci C, Bisazza A, Lucon-Xiccato T. Interspecific differences in developmental mode determine early cognitive abilities in teleost fish. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1893-1903. [PMID: 37831192 PMCID: PMC10769910 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on developmental variation in cognition have suggested that individuals are born with reduced or absent cognitive abilities, and thereafter, cognitive performance increases with age during early development. However, these studies have been mainly performed in altricial species, such as humans, in which offspring are extremely immature at birth. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that species with other developmental modes might show different patterns of cognitive development. To this end, we analysed inhibitory control performance in two teleost species with different developmental modes, the zebrafish Danio rerio and the guppy Poecilia reticulata, exploiting a simple paradigm based on spontaneous behaviour and therefore applicable to subjects of different ages. Zebrafish hatch as larvae 3 days after fertilisation, and have an immature nervous system, a situation that mirrors extreme altriciality. We found that at the early stages of development, zebrafish displayed no evidence of inhibitory control, which only begun to emerge after one month of life. Conversely, guppies, which are born after approximately one month of gestation as fully developed and independent individuals, solved the inhibitory control task since their first days of life, although performance increased with sexual maturation. Our study suggests that the typical progression described during early ontogeny in humans and other species might not be the only developmental trend for animals' cognition and that a species' developmental mode might determine variation in cognition across subjects of different age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Montalbano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelo Bisazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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6
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Travis J, Bassar RD, Coulson T, Lopez-Sepulcre A, Reznick D. Population Regulation and Density-Dependent Demography in the Trinidadian Guppy. Am Nat 2023; 202:413-432. [PMID: 37792920 DOI: 10.1086/725796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClassic theory for density-dependent selection for delayed maturation requires that a population be regulated through some combination of adult fecundity and/or juvenile survival. We tested whether those demographic conditions were met in four experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies in which delayed maturation of males evolved when the densities of those populations became high. We used monthly mark-recapture data to examine population dynamics and demography in these populations. Three of the four populations displayed clear evidence of regulation. In all four populations, monthly adult survival rates were independent of biomass density or actually increased with increased biomass density. Juvenile recruitment, which is a combination of adult fecundity and juvenile survival, decreased as biomass density increased in all four populations. Demography showed marked seasonality, with greater survival and higher recruitment in the dry season than the wet season. Population regulation via juvenile recruitment supports the hypothesis that density-dependent selection was responsible for the evolution of delayed maturity in males. This body of work represents one of the few complete tests of density-dependent selection theory.
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7
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Zhang S, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Ru S, Tian H. 17β-Trenbolone activates androgen receptor, upregulates transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling pathways, and induces masculinization of caudal and anal fins in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Aquat Toxicol 2023; 263:106677. [PMID: 37677862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexually mature female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (20, 200, and 2000 ng/L) of 17β-trenbolone for four weeks. As evidenced by the increased caudal fin index and anal fins developing into gonopodium-like structures, exposed females displayed masculinized secondary sexual characteristics. Differential gene expression and subsequent pathway analysis of mRNA sequencing data revealed that the transcription of transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway were upregulated following 17β-trenbolone exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that the bone morphogenetic protein 7 protein content was elevated after 17β-trenbolone exposure. Finally, real-time PCR revealed that 17β-trenbolone treatment significantly increased androgen receptor mRNA levels, and molecular docking showed potent interaction between 17β-trenbolone and guppy androgen receptor. Furthermore, 17β-trenbolone-induced masculinization of caudal and anal fins in female guppies, concomitant to the upregulated expression of differentially expressed genes involved in the above-mentioned two signaling pathways, was significantly inhibited by flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist). These findings demonstrated that 17β-trenbolone masculinized fins of female guppies by activating the androgen receptor. This study revealed that 17β-trenbolone could upregulate signaling pathways related to fin growth and differentiation, and eventually cause caudal and anal fin masculinization in female guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Xuefu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China; College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, Hebei province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China.
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8
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Bierbach D, Gómez-Nava L, Francisco FA, Lukas J, Musiolek L, Hafner VV, Landgraf T, Romanczuk P, Krause J. Live fish learn to anticipate the movement of a fish-like robot . Bioinspir Biomim 2022; 17:065007. [PMID: 36044889 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac8e3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of an individual to predict the outcome of the actions of others and to change their own behavior adaptively is called anticipation. There are many examples from mammalian species-including humans-that show anticipatory abilities in a social context, however, it is not clear to what extent fishes can anticipate the actions of their interaction partners or what the underlying mechanisms are for that anticipation. To answer these questions, we let live guppies (Poecilia reticulata) interact repeatedly with an open-loop (noninteractive) biomimetic robot that has previously been shown to be an accepted conspecific. The robot always performed the same zigzag trajectory in the experimental tank that ended in one of the corners, giving the live fish the opportunity to learn both the location of the final destination as well as the specific turning movement of the robot over three consecutive trials. The live fish's reactions were categorized into a global anticipation, which we defined as relative time to reach the robot's final corner, and a local anticipation which was the relative time and location of the live fish's turns relative to robofish turns. As a proxy for global anticipation, we found that live fish in the last trial reached the robot's destination corner significantly earlier than the robot. Overall, more than 50% of all fish arrived at the destination before the robot. This is more than a random walk model would predict and significantly more compared to all other equidistant, yet unvisited, corners. As a proxy for local anticipation, we found fish change their turning behavior in response to the robot over the course of the trials. Initially, the fish would turn after the robot, which was reversed in the end, as they began to turn slightly before the robot in the final trial. Our results indicate that live fish are able to anticipate predictably behaving social partners both in regard to final movement locations as well as movement dynamics. Given that fish have been found to exhibit consistent behavioral differences, anticipation in fish could have evolved as a mechanism to adapt to different social interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bierbach
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Gómez-Nava
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz A Francisco
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Lukas
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Musiolek
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Adaptive Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena V Hafner
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Adaptive Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Landgraf
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Romanczuk
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Krause
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 'Science of Intelligence', Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Martins LKL, Lima-Faria JMD, Guimarães LN, Silva VCD, Moreira PC, Sabóia-Morais SMTD. Co-exposure of iron oxide nanoparticles and glyphosate-based herbicide promote liver toxicity in guppy (Poecilia reticulata): A histochemical and ultrastructural approach. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2244-2258. [PMID: 35661388 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrate functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are employed for various purposes-including environmental remediation but the interaction of IONPs with aquatic contaminants is poorly understood. Among those, glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and affect target organs such as the liver. Evaluations of livers of female Poecilia reticulata by exposures to IONPs at a concentration of 0.3 mg/L were performed with association to: (1) 0.65 mg of glyphosate per litter and (2) 1.3 mg of glyphosate per litter of Roundup Original, and (3) glyphosate P.A at 0.65 mg/L. These associations were carried out progressively, after 7, 14, and 21 days. We detected circulatory disturbances, inflammatory responses, activation of the immune system, regressive changes, and progressive responses with changes in the connective tissue and decreased glycogen reserve from days 14 to 21. Ultrastructural changes in the Disse space and microvilli of hepatocytes indicated decreased contact surface area. In general, the damage was time and concentration dependent, increasing from 7 to 14 days and tending to stabilize from 14 to 21 days. Therefore, herbicide-associated IONPs functioned as xenobiotics inducing intense cellular detoxification processes and activation of hepatic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Cesar Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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10
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Fan R, Reader SM, Sakata JT. Alarm cues and alarmed conspecifics: neural activity during social learning from different cues in Trinidadian guppies. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220829. [PMID: 36043284 PMCID: PMC9428528 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to respond appropriately to novel dangers is often essential to survival and success, but carries risks. Learning about novel threats from others (social learning) can reduce these risks. Many species, including the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), respond defensively to both conspecific chemical alarm cues and conspecific anti-predator behaviours, and in other fish such social information can lead to a learned aversion to novel threats. However, relatively little is known about the neural substrates underlying social learning and the degree to which different forms of learning share similar neural mechanisms. Here, we explored the neural substrates mediating social learning of novel threats from two different conspecific cues (i.e. social cue-based threat learning). We first demonstrated that guppies rapidly learn about threats paired with either alarm cues or with conspecific threat responses (demonstration). Then, focusing on acquisition rather than recall, we discovered that phospho-S6 expression, a marker of neural activity, was elevated in guppies during learning from alarm cues in the putative homologue of the mammalian lateral septum and the preoptic area. Surprisingly, these changes in neural activity were not observed in fish learning from conspecific demonstration. Together, these results implicate forebrain areas in social learning about threat but raise the possibility that circuits contribute to such learning in a stimulus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Fan
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon M. Reader
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jon T. Sakata
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Kramp RD, Kohl KD, Stephenson JF. Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220167. [PMID: 35975629 PMCID: PMC9382456 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the link between the gut microbiome and host behaviour is well established, how the microbiomes of other organs correlate with behaviour remains unclear. Additionally, behaviour-microbiome correlations are likely sex-specific because of sex differences in behaviour and physiology, but this is rarely tested. Here, we tested whether the skin microbiome of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, predicts fish activity level and shoaling tendency in a sex-specific manner. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial community richness on the skin (Faith's phylogenetic diversity) was correlated with both behaviours differently between males and females. Females with richer skin-associated bacterial communities spent less time actively swimming. Activity level was significantly correlated with community membership (unweighted UniFrac), with the relative abundances of 16 bacterial taxa significantly negatively correlated with activity level. We found no association between skin microbiome and behaviours among male fish. This sex-specific relationship between the skin microbiome and host behaviour may indicate sex-specific physiological interactions with the skin microbiome. More broadly, sex specificity in host-microbiome interactions could give insight into the forces shaping the microbiome and its role in the evolutionary ecology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael D. Kramp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin D. Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Bigio J, Braack L, Chea T, Set S, Suon S, Echaubard P, Hustedt J, Debackere M, Ramirez B, Prasetyo DB, Bunleng S, Wharton-Smith A, Hii J. Entomological outcomes of cluster-randomised, community-driven dengue vector-suppression interventions in Kampong Cham province, Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010028. [PMID: 35077452 PMCID: PMC8789142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cambodia has one of the highest dengue infection rates in Southeast Asia. Here we report quantitative entomological results of a large-scale cluster-randomised trial assessing the impact on vector populations of a package of vector control interventions including larvivorous guppy fish in household water containers, mosquito trapping with gravid-ovitraps, solid waste management, breeding-container coverage through community education and engagement for behavioural change, particularly through the participation of school children. These activities resulted in major reductions in Container Index, House Index, Breteau Index, Pupal Index and Adult Index (all p-values 0.002 or lower) in the Intervention Arm compared with the Control Arm in a series of household surveys conducted over a follow-up period of more than one year, although the project was not able to measure the longer-term sustainability of the interventions. Despite comparative reductions in Adult Index between the study arms, the Adult Index was higher in the Intervention Arm in the final household survey than in the first household survey. This package of biophysical and community engagement interventions was highly effective in reducing entomological indices for dengue compared with the control group, but caution is required in extrapolating the reduction in household Adult Index to a reduction in the overall population of adult Aedes mosquitoes, and in interpreting the relationship between a reduction in entomological indices and a reduction in the number of dengue cases. The package of interventions should be trialled in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bigio
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leo Braack
- Malaria Consortium, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thy Chea
- Malaria Consortium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Srun Set
- Malaria Consortium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokha Suon
- Malaria Consortium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - John Hustedt
- Malaria Consortium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernadette Ramirez
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sam Bunleng
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alexandra Wharton-Smith
- Department for Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Hii
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Australia
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13
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De la Torre I MH, Frausto-Rea GDR, Mendoza-Santoyo F, Del S Hernandez Montes M. Fish swim water bulk displacement visualization with digital holographic interferometry. Appl Opt 2021; 60:5376-5381. [PMID: 34263775 DOI: 10.1364/ao.425059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A collimated transmission beam interferometer is used to measure the water motion provoked by the fish swimming through it. An indirect measurement of the fish motion impact in the water contained in a home-type aquarium is detected. Measurements of the whole aquarium are possible due to a large diameter collimated laser beam in the interferometer's object arm. This beam goes through the aquarium, and any perturbation inside it deflects the collimated beam. The interferometer detects a phase difference, i.e., the beam through the disturbed water undergoes different optical paths. This optical phase change was first demonstrated by means of a simple test using spherical steel marbles placed in a cuvette. For this, the small water movements for a single steel marble are detected with the acquired optical phase. Next, the aquarium optical phase results show water movements according to the fishes' size and swimming speed. It is worth mentioning that no additives were added to the aquarium's fresh water during the tests, so the water was crystal clear.
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14
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Jia J, Gomes-Silva G, Plath M, Pereira BB, UeiraVieira C, Wang Z. Shifts in bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and gut microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the upper Rio Uberabinha, Brazil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111955. [PMID: 33497859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities especially water pollution can affect the diversity and composition of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, water samples and guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were sampled from six sampling sites along the Uberabinha River in southeastern Brazil, both microbial communities and ARGs of surface waters and intestinal microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were detected. According to the results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in both water and intestinal microbiota, but the abundance of putative pathogens was higher at heavily polluted sites. Up to 83% of bacteria in intestinal microbiota originated from water microbiota; this proportion was relatively higher in less polluted compared to polluted environments. ARGs providing resistance of tetracyclines and quinolones were dominant in both water and gut microbiota. The relative abundances of class I integrons and ARGs were as high as 1.74 × 10-1/16S rRNA copies and 3.61 × 10-1/16S rRNA copies, respectively, at heavily polluted sites. Correlation analysis suggests that integrons and bacteria play key roles in explaining the widespread occurrence of ARGs in the surface, but not in intestinal microbiota. We could rule out the class I integrons a potential intermediary bridge for ARGs between both types of microbiomes. Our results highlight the tight link in microbial communities and ARGs between ambient microbiota of stream ecosystems and intestinal microbiota of fish. Our study could have far-reaching consequences for fisheries and consumer safety and calls for investigations of gut microbiota of target species of both commercial fisheries and recreational (hobby) angling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guilherme Gomes-Silva
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Institute of Geography, Department of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil; Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil
| | - Carlos UeiraVieira
- Institute of Geography, Department of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Abstract
AbstractKin recognition plays an important role in social behavior and evolution, but the proximate mechanisms by which individuals recognize kin remain poorly understood. In many species, individuals form a "kin template" that they compare with conspecifics' phenotypes to assess phenotypic similarity-and, by association, relatedness. Individuals may form a kin template through self-inspection (i.e., self-referencing) and/or by observing their rearing associates (i.e., family referencing). However, despite much interest, few empirical studies have successfully disentangled self-referencing and family referencing. Here, we employ a novel set of breeding crosses using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to disentangle referencing systems by manipulating exposure to kin from conception onward. We show that guppies discriminate among their full and maternal half siblings, which can be explained only by self-referencing. Additional behavioral experiments revealed no evidence that guppies incorporate the phenotypes of their broodmates or mother into the kin template. Finally, by manipulating the format of our behavioral tests, we show that olfactory communication is both necessary and sufficient for kin discrimination. These results provide robust evidence that individuals recognize kin by comparing the olfactory phenotypes of conspecifics with their own. This study resolves key questions about the proximate mechanisms underpinning kin recognition, with implications for the ontogeny and evolution of social behavior.
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16
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Macario A, Darden SK, Verbruggen F, Croft DP. Intraspecific variation in inhibitory motor control in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:317-328. [PMID: 33128393 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) is the ability to overcome impulsive or prepotent but ineffective responses in favour of more appropriate behaviours. The ability to inhibit internal predispositions or external temptations is vital in coping with a complex and variable world. Traditionally viewed as cognitively demanding and a main component of executive functioning and self-control, IC was historically examined in only a few species of birds and mammals but recently a number of studies has shown that a much wider range of taxa rely on IC. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that inhibitory abilities may vary within species at the population and individual levels owing to genetic and environmental factors. Here we use a detour-reaching task, a standard paradigm to measure motor inhibition in nonhuman animals, to quantify patterns of interindividual variation in IC in wild-descendant female guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We found that female guppies displayed inhibitory performances that were, on average, half as successful as the performances reported previously for other strains of guppies tested in similar experimental conditions. Moreover, we showed consistent individual variation in the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviours. Our results contribute to the understanding of the evolution of fish cognition and suggest that IC may show considerable variation among populations within a species. Such variation in IC abilities might contribute to individual differences in other cognitive functions such as spatial learning, quantity discrimination or reversal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Macario
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Safi K Darden
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Frederick Verbruggen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Darren P Croft
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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17
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Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation is maintained in ecologically important traits is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Male Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibit extreme genetic diversity in color patterns within populations, which is believed to be promoted by a female mating preference for rare or novel patterns. However, the origins of this preference remain unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that mating preference for novel phenotypes is a by-product of general neophilia that evolved in response to selection in nonmating contexts. We measured among-female variation in preference for eight different, novel stimuli that spanned four ecological contexts: mate choice, exploration, foraging, and social (but nonsexual) interactions. Females exhibited preference for novelty in six out of eight tests. Individual variation in preference for novelty was positively correlated among all eight types of stimuli. Furthermore, factor analysis revealed a single axis of general neophilia that accounts for 61% of individual variation in preference for novel color patterns. The single-factor structure of neophilia suggests that interest in novelty is governed primarily by shared processes that transcend context. Because neophilia likely has a sizable heritable component, our results provide evidence that mating preference for novel phenotypes may be a nonadaptive by-product of natural selection on neophilia.
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18
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Zebral YD, da Silva Fonseca J, Roza M, Costa PG, Robaldo RB, Bianchini A. Combining elevated temperature with waterborne copper: Impacts on the energy metabolism of the killifish Poecilia vivipara. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126631. [PMID: 32302917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated in a companion work that acclimation to 28 °C potentiated waterborne copper (Cu) toxic effects in Poecilia vivipara through oxidative stress-related processes. In the present study, we hypothesized that these results were related to kinetic metabolic adjustments in enzymes from aerobic and anaerobic pathways. To test this, P. vivipara was acclimated to two temperatures (22 °C or 28 °C) for three weeks and then exposed to Cu (control, 9 or 20 μg/L) for 96 h. The activity of enzymes from glycolysis (pyruvate kinase [PK] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), Krebs cycle (citrate synthase [CS]) and the electron transport chain system (ETS) were assessed in gills, liver and muscle. Interactive effects were only seen for hepatic LDH activity, as both metal exposure and heat stress, combined or not, inhibited this enzyme, showing a suppression in anaerobic pathways. Conversely, a Cu main effect was present in the liver, expressed as an elevation in ETS activity, showing an enhancement in hepatic aerobic metabolism likely related with the very energy-demanding process of metal detoxification. Moreover, this study shows that P. vivipara has a remarkable ability to compensate heat stress in terms of energy metabolism, as we could not observe acclimation temperature effects for most of the cases. Nonetheless, a tissue-dependent effect of elevated temperature was observed, as we could observe an inhibition in muscular CS activity. Finally, it is concluded that kinetic adjustments in terms of the energy metabolism are not related with the temperature-dependent elevation of Cu toxicity in P. vivipara as we previously hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Roza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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19
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Greenway R, Barts N, Henpita C, Brown AP, Arias Rodriguez L, Rodríguez Peña CM, Arndt S, Lau GY, Murphy MP, Wu L, Lin D, Tobler M, Kelley JL, Shaw JH. Convergent evolution of conserved mitochondrial pathways underlies repeated adaptation to extreme environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16424-16430. [PMID: 32586956 PMCID: PMC7368198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004223117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme environments test the limits of life; yet, some organisms thrive in harsh conditions. Extremophile lineages inspire questions about how organisms can tolerate physiochemical stressors and whether the repeated colonization of extreme environments is facilitated by predictable and repeatable evolutionary innovations. We identified the mechanistic basis underlying convergent evolution of tolerance to hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-a toxicant that impairs mitochondrial function-across evolutionarily independent lineages of a fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) from H2S-rich springs. Using comparative biochemical and physiological analyses, we found that mitochondrial function is maintained in the presence of H2S in sulfide spring P. mexicana but not ancestral lineages from nonsulfidic habitats due to convergent adaptations in the primary toxicity target and a major detoxification enzyme. Genome-wide local ancestry analyses indicated that convergent evolution of increased H2S tolerance in different populations is likely caused by a combination of selection on standing genetic variation and de novo mutations. On a macroevolutionary scale, H2S tolerance in 10 independent lineages of sulfide spring fishes across multiple genera of Poeciliidae is correlated with the convergent modification and expression changes in genes associated with H2S toxicity and detoxification. Our results demonstrate that the modification of highly conserved physiological pathways associated with essential mitochondrial processes mediates tolerance to physiochemical stress. In addition, the same pathways, genes, and-in some instances-codons are implicated in H2S adaptation in lineages that span 40 million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Nick Barts
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Chathurika Henpita
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Anthony P Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163
| | - Lenin Arias Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, 86150, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Rodríguez Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, 10105, Dominican Republic
| | - Sabine Arndt
- Medical Research Council - Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council - Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506;
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163;
| | - Jennifer H Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078;
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20
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Santacà M, Agrillo C. Two halves are less than the whole: Evidence of a length bisection bias in fish (Poecilia reticulata). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233157. [PMID: 32407367 PMCID: PMC7224554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The horizontal-vertical (HV) illusion is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the length of vertically-arranged objects. Comparative research is primarily confined to primates, a range of species that, although arboreal, often explore their environment moving along the horizontal axis. Such behaviour may have led to the development of asymmetrical perceptual mechanisms to make relative size judgments of objects placed vertically and horizontally. We observed the susceptibility to the HV illusion in fish, whose ability to swim along the horizontal and vertical plane permits them to scan objects' size equally on both axes. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were trained to select the longer orange line to receive a food reward. In the test phase, two arrays, containing two same-sized lines were presented, one horizontally and the other vertically. Black lines were also included in each pattern to generate the perception of an inverted T-shape (where a horizontal line is bisected by a vertical one) or an L-shape (no bisection). No bias was observed in the L-shape, which supports the idea of differential perceptual mechanisms for primates and fish. In the inverted T-shape, guppies estimated the bisected line as shorter, providing the first evidence of a length bisection bias in a fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Santacà
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Agrillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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21
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Dias MS, de Faria IF, Guarido PCP, Teresa FB, de Aquino PDPU, Quimbayo JP. Historical distribution and current drivers of guppy occurrence in Brazil. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:877-885. [PMID: 31998966 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans introduce non-native species by means such as the deliberate release of fish into fresh waters and through commercial trade. The guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859, is commonly kept in aquaria and controls disease vectors, and now it occurs in many areas outside its natural distribution. Its initial habitat in Brazil was identified, and a study was performed to determine whether the density of guppies can be explained by the density of human population, per-capita gross domestic product, level of human impact on the areas where guppies have been found and fish-sampling effort. A total of 1402 guppy records were found; the southeastern region had the oldest records; and the southeastern, northeastern and central-western regions had the maximum records. Low tolerance to the colder climate may be the reason for the lack of guppy records in the southernmost states. It was also observed that the occurrence of this fish is positively, yet weakly, related to the density of human population, indicating that improved regulations regarding its use in controlling disease vectors, the aquarium trade and education of aquarium hobbyists could help prevent the spread of this species and its potential impacts in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ian F de Faria
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula C P Guarido
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B Teresa
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Brazil
| | | | - Juan P Quimbayo
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), São Sebastião, Brazil
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22
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Bertram MG, Tomkins P, Saaristo M, Martin JM, Michelangeli M, Tomkins RB, Wong BBM. Disruption of male mating strategies in a chemically compromised environment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:134991. [PMID: 31757546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A leading source of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment is run-off of veterinary pharmaceuticals used in agriculture, including hormonal growth promotants (HGPs). Despite being banned in various countries, HGP use is still common in beef production around the world. The androgenic steroid 17β-trenbolone (17β-TB) is a HGP that commonly enters surface waters via livestock effluent run-off. Here, we used a flow-through system to expose wild-caught adult male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to an environmentally realistic level of 17β-TB (average measured concentration = 2 ng/L) for 21 days. We then compared the response of exposed and unexposed males to sequentially presented large and small stimulus (unexposed) females. Due to a positive size-fecundity relationship, larger females are generally expected to be preferred by males. While we found no evidence that the size of a previously encountered female affected the amount of courtship or coercive 'sneak' mating behaviour performed by males during the second presentation, males from both exposure treatments conducted more frequent courting events towards larger females during both presentations, suggesting an absolute preference for greater female size. Further, across both presentations, 17β-TB exposure caused a shift in male mating strategy towards increased coercive sneaking behaviour, although male sequential investment into mating effort was not impacted at the tested dosage. In combination, our findings demonstrate that exposure to a field-realistic level of a widespread agricultural pollutant alters male mating strategies in fish, and contribute to a growing understanding of sub-lethal impacts of chemical contaminants on complex behaviours in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Tomkins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Raymond B Tomkins
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP), Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Ord J, Holmes KE, Holt WV, Fazeli A, Watt PJ. Premature birth stunts early growth and is a possible driver of stress-induced maternal effects in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:506-515. [PMID: 31846081 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We tested the effects of gestational stress, principally in the form of alarm cue extracted from the skin of conspecifics, on reproduction in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and the growth and behaviour of their offspring. Offspring from mothers exposed to alarm cue exhibited stunted growth in the first few days post-partum, which appeared to be mediated by shortening of the gestation period, the length of which directly correlated with growth rate within the first 6 days post-partum. Mature offspring did not differ in behaviour or stress responses compared with controls and so the effects of maternal predation stress did not appear to persist into adulthood. A different form of gestational stress, dietary restriction, did not significantly affect offspring growth, though brood size was reduced, suggesting that the effects of predation stress were not mediated by differences in resource demand or consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ord
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kelle E Holmes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Penelope J Watt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Lopes FC, Junior ASV, Corcini CD, Sánchez JAA, Pires DM, Pereira JR, Primel EG, Fillmann G, Martins CDMG. Impacts of the biocide chlorothalonil on biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality in guppy Poecilia vivipara. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109847. [PMID: 31732268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide present in antifouling paints and other formulations used in agriculture, although studies have shown this chemical to be toxic to fish species. To clarify the deleterious effects of chlorothalonil for these non-target organisms, the present study evaluated the toxic effects of this biocide for the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara in terms of an acute mortality test (96 h) and the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality. The LC50 calculated for P. vivipara was 40.8 μg/L of chlorothalonil. For the analysis of biomarkers, fish were exposed (96 h) to 1 and 10 μg/L of chlorothalonil. It was observed that chlorothalonil alters the levels of pro- and antioxidants towards oxidative stress. In the gills, a negative effect on total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) was detected, while there was a reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver. However, levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activity and glutamate-cysteine-ligase (GCL) increased in both tissues, as a possible detoxification response. Following chlorothalonil exposure, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation (LPO) significantly increased at the cellular level only (red blood cells (RBCs) and sperm cells). An increase in fluidity of membranes, reactive oxygen species concentration and micronuclei (MNs) incidence were also seen in RBCs. In sperm cells, LPO increased, while membrane and mitochondrial functionality as well as sperm motility decreased. Based on these results, chlorothalonil can be considered as a toxic compound for fish, causing genotoxicity and affecting the RBCs physiology and the fertility of males of P. vivipara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Chaves Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Martins Pires
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Veterinária. Faculdade de Veterinária. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Caixa Postal 354, CEP. 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, CEP. 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-individual stable but inter-individually variable behaviours, i.e. personalities, are commonly reported across diverse animal groups, yet the reasons for their maintenance remain controversial. Therefore, studying fitness consequences of personality traits is necessary to discriminate between alternative explanations. RESULTS Here, I measured boldness, a highly repeatable personality trait, and reproductive success in male guppies, Poecilia reticulata. I found that bolder males had higher reproductive success than their shyer conspecifics and they sired offspring with females who had larger clutches. CONCLUSIONS This result provides direct evidence for fitness consequences of boldness in the guppy. It suggests that the effect may be driven by bolder males mating with more fecund females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Herdegen-Radwan
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology of Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Araújo CVM, Gómez L, Silva DCVR, Pintado-Herrera MG, Lara-Martín PA, Hampel M, Blasco J. Risk of triclosan based on avoidance by the shrimp Palaemon varians in a heterogeneous contamination scenario: How sensitive is this approach? Chemosphere 2019; 235:126-135. [PMID: 31255752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As the exposure of organisms to contaminants can provoke harmful effects, some organisms try to avoid a continuous exposure by using different strategies. The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of the shrimp Palaemon varians to detect a triclosan gradient and escape to less contaminated areas. Two multi-compartmented exposure systems (the linear system and the HeMHAS-Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System) were used and then results were compared. Finally, it was aimed how sensitive the avoidance response is by comparing it with other endpoints through a sensitivity profile by biological groups and the species sensitive distribution. The distribution of the shrimps along the triclosan gradient was dependent on the concentrations, not exceeding 3% for 54 μg/L in the linear system and 7% for 81 μg/L in the HeMHAS; 25% of organisms preferred the compartment with the lowest concentrations in both systems. Half of the population seems to avoid concentrations around 40-50 μg/L. The triclosan concentration that might start (threshold) to trigger an important avoidance (around 20%) was estimated to be of 18 μg/L. The profile of sensitivity to triclosan showed that avoidance by shrimps was less sensitive than microalgae growth and avoidance by guppy; however, it might occur even at concentrations considered safe for more than 95% of the species. In summary, (i) the HeMHAS proved to be a suitable system to simulate heterogeneous contamination scenarios, (ii) triclosan triggered the avoidance response in P. varians, and (iii) the avoidance was very sensitive compared to other ecotoxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Livia Gómez
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Daniel C V R Silva
- Institute of Xingu Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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27
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Almeida SDS, Rocha TL, Qualhato G, Oliveira LDAR, Amaral CLD, Conceição ECD, Sabóia-Morais SMTD, Bailão EFLC. Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of benzophenone-3 induced genotoxicity in Poecilia reticulata. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 216:105293. [PMID: 31522060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The organic UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3), widely used in the commercial formulations of sunscreens and personal care products, is considered an emerging pollutant and has been associated with several human and environmental health concerns. However, knowledge about their mode of action and ecotoxicity on aquatic biota is scarce. In this scenario, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotoxic, mutagenic, and erythrotoxicity effects of BP-3 in the guppy Poecilia reticulata after acute exposure. Adult females of P. reticulata were exposed to three non-lethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of BP-3 (10, 100, and 1000 ng L-1) during 96 h of exposure, and the somatic parameter [Fulton condition factor (K)], genotoxicity (comet assay), mutagenicity [micronucleus (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) tests] and erythrotoxicity parameters (such as total cell area and nucleus-cytoplasmic ratio) were analyzed. Results showed that the general physiological condition (K value) of fish was not affected by acute exposure to BP-3. However, BP-3 induced DNA damage at 100 and 1000 ng L-1 and increased the frequency of total ENA at 1000 ng L-1, specially lobed nucleus, when compared to control group, indicating its genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Furthermore, the BP-3 did not induce significant changes in the total cell area and nucleus-cytoplasmic ratio. In summary, results showed that the BP-3 at environmentally relevant concentration was genotoxic to freshwater fish P. reticulata, confirming its environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dos Santos Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Qualhato
- Laboratório de Comportamento Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicos, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leandra de Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de PD&I de Bioprodutos, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Farmácia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cátia Lira do Amaral
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratório de Comportamento Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicos, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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28
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Marhounová L, Kotrschal A, Kverková K, Kolm N, Němec P. Artificial selection on brain size leads to matching changes in overall number of neurons. Evolution 2019; 73:2003-2012. [PMID: 31339177 PMCID: PMC6772110 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the basic computational units of the brain, but brain size is the predominant surrogate measure of brain functional capacity in comparative and cognitive neuroscience. This approach is based on the assumption that larger brains harbor higher numbers of neurons and their connections, and therefore have a higher information-processing capacity. However, recent studies have shown that brain mass may be less strongly correlated with neuron counts than previously thought. Till now, no experimental test has been conducted to examine the relationship between evolutionary changes in brain size and the number of brain neurons. Here, we provide such a test by comparing neuron number in artificial selection lines of female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) with >15% difference in relative brain mass and numerous previously demonstrated cognitive differences. Using the isotropic fractionator, we demonstrate that large-brained females have a higher overall number of neurons than small-brained females, but similar neuronal densities. Importantly, this difference holds also for the telencephalon, a key region for cognition. Our study provides the first direct experimental evidence that selection for brain mass leads to matching changes in number of neurons and shows that brain size evolution is intimately linked to the evolution of neuron number and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marhounová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Animal Sciences6708wdWageningenNetherlands
- Department of Zoology/EthologyStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Kristina Kverková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/EthologyStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
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29
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Gösser F, Schartl M, García-De León FJ, Tollrian R, Lampert KP. Red Queen revisited: Immune gene diversity and parasite load in the asexual Poecilia formosa versus its sexual host species P. mexicana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219000. [PMID: 31269085 PMCID: PMC6608962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the Red Queen hypothesis, the lower genotypic diversity in clonally reproducing species should make them easier targets for pathogen infection, especially when closely related sexually reproducing species occur in close proximity. We analyzed two populations of clonal P. formosa and their sexual parental species P. mexicana by correlating individual parasite infection with overall and immune genotype. Our study revealed lower levels of overall genotypic diversity and marginally fewer MHC class I alleles in P. formosa individuals compared to sexually reproducing P. mexicana. Parasite load, however, differed only between field sites but not between species. We hypothesize that this might be due to slightly higher genotypic diversity in P. formosa at the innate immune system (toll like receptor 8) which is likely due to the species’ hybrid origin. In consequence, it appears that clonal individuals do not necessarily suffer a disadvantage compared to sexual individuals when fighting parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gösser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. García-De León
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR, S.C.), Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Ralph Tollrian
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (KPL); (RT)
| | - Kathrin P. Lampert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (KPL); (RT)
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30
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Maximino C, do Carmo Silva RX, Dos Santos Campos K, de Oliveira JS, Rocha SP, Pyterson MP, Dos Santos Souza DP, Feitosa LM, Ikeda SR, Pimentel AFN, Ramos PNF, Costa BPD, Herculano AM, Rosemberg DB, Siqueira-Silva DH, Lima-Maximino M. Sensory ecology of ostariophysan alarm substances. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:274-286. [PMID: 30345536 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with conspecific alarm substance (CAS) being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish are captured by a predator and elicits neurobehavioural adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviours and disrupting the predation sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioural neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish [e.g., zebrafish Danio rerio, guppies Poecilia reticulata, minnows Phoxinus phoxinus) in neurobehavioural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Rhayra X do Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Dos Santos Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Jeisiane S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Sueslene P Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Maryana P Pyterson
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Dainara P Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Feitosa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Saulo R Ikeda
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Ana F N Pimentel
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Pâmila N F Ramos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Bruna P D Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Neuropsicobiologia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diógenes H Siqueira-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Monica Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
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31
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Ramsey ME, Fry D, Cummings ME. Isotocin increases female avoidance of males in a coercive mating system: Assessing the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin in a fish species. Horm Behav 2019; 112:1-9. [PMID: 30902535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonapeptide oxytocin (and its fish homolog isotocin (IT)) is an evolutionarily-conserved hormone associated with social behaviors across most vertebrate taxa. Oxytocin has traditionally been regarded as a prosocial hormone, but studies on social cognition in mammalian models suggest it may play a more nuanced role in modulating social discrimination based on social salience and stimulus valence. Here we test IT and its role in regulating female social decision-making and anxiety behaviors in a live-bearing fish with a male coercive mating system. Gambusia affinis males engage in a forced mating strategy, with frequent harassment and attempted copulatory thrusts directed towards unwilling females. Exogenous IT produced anxiolytic responses in female G. affinis that altered exploration (time in center of tank) but not time in dark vs. light regions of the tank. Exogenous IT also produced context-specific changes in social tendency: IT-treated G. affinis females spent less time associating with males while association time with conspecific females was not altered. Further, while overall activity levels were not changed by IT treatment, the amount of social behaviors IT-treated females directed towards males, but not females, was reduced. Our results support the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin action in a teleost and suggest that oxytocin's critical input into social cognitive processing is conserved across vertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Ramsey
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Dustin Fry
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Molly E Cummings
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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32
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Steinbach C, Císař P, Šauer P, Klicnarová J, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Golovko O, Kocour Kroupová H. Synthetic progestin etonogestrel negatively affects mating behavior and reproduction in Endler's guppies (Poecilia wingei). Sci Total Environ 2019; 663:206-215. [PMID: 30711587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High rates of progestins consumption in the form of active ingredients in women's oral contraceptives and other hormonal preparations may lead to their increased concentrations in aquatic environments and subsequent harmful effect on fish reproduction. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of etonogestrel, a third-generation synthetic progestin, on the reproductive behavior, fertility, gonads histology, and secondary sexual characteristics of male and female Endler's guppies (Poecilia wingei). Fish were subjected for 34 days to two concentrations of etonogestrel, including one possibly environmentally relevant (3.2 ng L-1) and one sublethal (320 ng L-1) concentration. A mating behavior study was subsequently conducted and revealed that the treatment with etonogestrel significantly reduced mating frequency in the exposed fish compared to controls. All the exposed females were unable to reproduce. In addition, female fish exposed to the highest level of etonogestrel were masculinized, as their anal fins and body coloration showed patterns similar to those of male fish. Etonogestrel-exposed females also had fewer developed oocytes. In conclusion, the low etonogestrel concentration (3.2 ng L-1) led to a reduction of mating activity in males without effect on their reproductive success, but it completely inhibited reproduction in females. Exposure to etonogestrel clearly has more severe consequences for females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Císař
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šauer
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klicnarová
- Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Fuss T, Nöbel S, Witte K. It's in the eye of the beholder: visual lateralisation in response to the social environment in poeciliids. J Fish Biol 2019; 94:759-771. [PMID: 30854659 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The social environment offers fish complex information about the quality, performance, personality and other cues of potential mates and competitors simultaneously. It is likely, therefore, that the environmental information regarding the context of mate choice is perceived and processed differently in species and sexes in respect to lateralisation. The present study comparatively assessed visual lateralisation behaviour in response to different social or sexual stimuli in three closely related poeciliid species (P. latipinna, P. mexicana, P. formosa) in comparison to a more distantly related species (P. reticulata). Individuals were presented with four different social or sexual stimuli that were tested against a control stimulus; (a) a conspecific male, (b) a conspecific female, (c) a heterosexual conspecific pair, (d) three conspecific females (shoal). In order to approach a target stimulus, focal fish had to perform detours to the right or left of a vertically straight-shaped barrier. The three closely related poeciliid species, P. latipinna, P. mexicana, P. formosa, appeared to have a general tendency to turn right (i.e., left-eye preference), whereas the more distantly related P. reticulata males and females showed an overall bias to the left (i.e., right-eye preference) in response to various social-sexual incitements. Moreover, body size seemed to significantly influence especially the males' detour behaviour, with smaller males acting in opposition to their larger conspecifics in response to certain social stimuli. In this case, smaller and larger Poecilia spp. males responded in the same way as smaller and larger males of the other three poeciliid species. Therefore, results possibly point to differences in the degree of general social behaviour between closely and more distantly related species and mating motivation amongst larger and smaller individuals when placed in a novel social environment. Hence, present results possibly suggest a sex-specific functional lateralisation for the analysis of visual information and seem to support the closer ancestral relationships between the Poecilia spp. tested in this study and the more distantly related guppies in terms of their left-right lateralisation. Generally, present results suggest that functional asymmetries in behaviour could be widespread among vertebrates, thus supporting the hypothesis of an early evolution of lateralisation in brain and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Fuss
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sabine Nöbel
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Klaudia Witte
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Dornelles Zebral Y, Roza M, da Silva Fonseca J, Gomes Costa P, Stürmer de Oliveira C, Gubert Zocke T, Lemos Dal Pizzol J, Berteaux Robaldo R, Bianchini A. Waterborne copper is more toxic to the killifish Poecilia vivipara in elevated temperatures: Linking oxidative stress in the liver with reduced organismal thermal performance. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 209:142-149. [PMID: 30776781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured the interactive effect of temperature (22 °C and 28 °C) and waterborne copper (Cu) contamination (9 μg/L and 20 μg/L) on the killifish Poecilia vivipara. Endpoints analyzed included parameters involved in Cu-accumulation, antioxidant capacity (antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals [ACAP] and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation [LPO]) and upper thermal tolerance (critical thermal maximum [CTMax]). Results show that Cu hepatic accumulation was elevated in 28 °C in comparison to 22 °C in both exposure groups. For gills, this was true only in 20 μg/L. Moreover, hepatic and brachial accumulation were concentration-dependent in both acclimation temperatures. Additionally, Hepatic ACAP and TAC were elevated in animals acclimated to 28 °C and only the animals kept at this temperature had reduced ACAP and TAC levels facing metal exposure (9 and 20 μg/L). Similarly, the combination of elevated temperature and Cu exposure raised hepatic LPO levels. Finally, animals acclimated to 28 °C had higher CTMax levels in comparison to fish acclimated to 22 °C both in control and exposed animals, however, CTMax of contaminated fish were only reduced in comparison to control in animals kept at 28 °C. Concluding, we show that the physiological mechanism besides the potentiating effect of elevated temperature in Cu toxicity is related to higher hepatic and branchial metal accumulation and elevated oxidative stress in the liver, outlined by reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative damage. We also show that these outcomes lead to compromised organismal performance, characterized by reduced CTMax. Finally, it is concluded that Cu exposure in warmer periods of the year or within global warming predictions may be more hazardous to fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Roza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Stürmer de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tayndy Gubert Zocke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Dal Pizzol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Li X, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang X, Wang W, Tian H, Ru S. 2,2'-Dithiobis-pyridine induced reproductive toxicity in male guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:778-785. [PMID: 30597776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal pyrithiones (MePTs) are frequently used antifouling biocides in marine coatings. Their main degradation product, 2,2'-dithiobis-pyridine ((PS)2), has been widely detected in seawater and may pose potential ecological risks. In the present study, sexually mature guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exposed to (PS)2 at concentrations of 0, 20, 200, and 2000 ng/L for 28 days to investigate its reproductive toxicity. The results showed that (PS)2 significantly reduced testosterone (T) levels, spermatogenic cyst number and sperm motility, impeded spermatogenic cell differentiation in male guppies and delayed embryo development in females. These results indicated that (PS)2 could cause reproductive toxicity in guppies. We also examined mRNA expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive behaviors. We found that 200 and 2000 ng/L (PS)2 decreased T synthesis by downregulating 17βHSD and CYP17 mRNA levels, and upregulating the mRNA level of CYP19a1a, which converted T to 17β-estradiol. (PS)2 also upregulated GnRH1, FSHβ, LHβ, and LHR mRNA levels, a positive feedback regulation due to the decrease of T levels in male guppies. Furthermore, (PS)2 significantly decreased CYP19a1b mRNA levels in all three exposure groups and thus reduced the display frequency of male guppies. This study was the first to report that (PS)2 could induce reproductive toxicity, which would provide a basis for future assessment of its ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefu Li
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Palmieri B, Scanlon C, Worroll D, Grant M, Lee J. Substrate mediated interaction between pairs of keratocytes: Multipole traction force models describe their migratory behavior. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212162. [PMID: 30822310 PMCID: PMC6396918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of traction force microscopy experiments involving pairs of keratocytes migrating on compliant substrates were analyzed. We observed several instances where keratocytes that are about to collide turn before they touch. We term this phenomenon collision avoidance behavior and we propose that the turning is caused by the substrate mediated elastic interactions between the cells. A multipole analysis of the cell traction reveals that the left-right symmetry of the keratocyte traction pattern is broken during collision avoidance events. The analysis further shows that the cell migration direction reorients before the principal traction dipoles as the cells turn. Linear elasticity theory is used to derive the cell-cell interaction energy between pairs of keratocytes. The traction force applied by each cell is modeled as a two points (dipole) or three points (tripod) force model. We show that both models predict that cells that are about to collide in a head-on manner will turn before touching. The tripod model is further able to account for the quadrupole components of the traction force profile that we observed experimentally. Also, the tripod model proposes a mechanism that may explain why cells tend to scatter with a finite angle after a collision avoidance event. A relationship between the scattering angle and the traction force quadrupole moment is also established. Dynamical simulations of migrating model cells are further used to explain the emergence of other cell pair trajectories that we observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Palmieri
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Scanlon
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Daniel Worroll
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Martin Grant
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliet Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang JL, Zhang CN, Li EC, Jin MM, Huang MX, Cui W, Lin YY, Shi YJ. Triphenyltin exposure affects mating behaviors and attractiveness to females during mating in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:76-84. [PMID: 30423510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of triphenyltin (TPT) on ecological health have been of great concern due to their widespread use and ubiquity in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of TPT on the reproductive behaviors of fishes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of TPT at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 1 and 10 ng Sn/L) on the mating behaviors and the attractiveness to females during mating in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The results showed that TPT exposure disturbed the mating behaviors; the TPT-exposed male fish performed more sneaking attempts, but no changes in sigmoid courtship were displayed. The increases in sneaking attempts might be related to increases in testosterone levels induced by TPT exposure. In the context of a competing male, the TPT-exposed males were less attractive to females during mating. The decreases in attractiveness might be related to decreases in carotenoid-based coloration, shown as decreases in caudal fin redness values and skin carotenoid contents. In addition, TPT-induced total antioxidant capacities, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the contents of malondialdehyde in liver and intestinal tissues indicated increases in oxidative stress. Both oxidative stress and coloration are linked to carotenoids. Thus, we speculated that the TPT-exposed males might use carotenoids to cope with increases in oxidative stress at the expense of carotenoid-based coloration. The disruption of mating behaviors and the decrease in attractiveness to females in male fish could result in reproductive failure. The present study underscores the importance of using behavioral tests as a sensitive tool in assessing the impact of pollutants present in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Chun-Nuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Er-Chao Li
- College of Ocean Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mao-Xian Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China; College of Ocean Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yang-Yang Lin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Jun Shi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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38
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Saaristo M, Johnstone CP, Xu K, Allinson M, Wong BBM. The endocrine disruptor, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, alters male mate choice in a freshwater fish. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 208:118-125. [PMID: 30658282 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the handful of studies on the behavioural effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), only a few have set out to disentangle the mechanisms underpinning behavioural changes. In fish, previous studies have shown that both visual and chemical cues play an important role in mate choice. As such, contaminant-induced changes in either transmission or perception of mate choice cues could have direct implications for individual's fitness. One widespread contaminant of environmental concern is 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in the contraceptive pill. Here, we investigated the impacts of EE2 exposure (28 days; measured concentration 14 ng/L) on visual and chemical communication in wild guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Using a standard dichotomous mate choice assay, we first gave individual males (either control or EE2-exposed) the opportunity to court two size-matched females (one control and one EE2-exposed) using only visual cues. We then introduced chemical cues of females (control and EE2-exposed) to the trial tank. We found that there was no significant effect of EE2-treatment on total time males spent associating with the females, when given only visual cues. There was, however, a significant effect on male courtship behaviour, with both control and EE2-exposed males spending more time performing 'sigmoid' displays towards the visual cues of control females compared to EE2-exposed females. When males were presented with both visual and chemical female cues simultaneously, we found that males spent more time courting control females that were paired with EE2-chemical cues. Not only does our study uncover a previously unknown behavioural impact of EE2-exposure on chemical cues, but demonstrates that EE2-exposure can exert complex effects on visual and chemical communication in a mate choice context. Finally, we contribute to the discussion of intraspecific variability by providing data on the potential trade-offs underpinning contaminant-induced behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Kun Xu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mayumi Allinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Fursdon JB, Martin JM, Bertram MG, Lehtonen TK, Wong BBM. The pharmaceutical pollutant fluoxetine alters reproductive behaviour in a fish independent of predation risk. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:642-652. [PMID: 30212693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical pollutants constitute a major threat to wildlife because of their capacity to induce biological effects at low doses. One such pollutant is the antidepressant fluoxetine, which has been detected in surface waters globally at levels that recent studies suggest can alter physiology and behaviour in aquatic organisms. However, wildlife exposed to pharmaceutical contaminants are typically confronted with multiple stressors simultaneously, including predation risk, which is a particularly important natural stressor that can have direct (e.g. mortality) and indirect (e.g. changed prey behaviour) fitness effects. Accordingly, we investigated potential impacts of environmentally realistic fluoxetine exposure on reproductive behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) under predation risk. Specifically, we tested whether fluoxetine exposure altered mating behaviour in male and female guppies in the presence of either a predatory spangled perch (Leiopotherapon unicolor) or a non-predatory rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida) control. We found that fluoxetine and the presence of a predatory spangled perch did not interact to affect reproductive behaviour. We also found that, independent of a predatory threat, fluoxetine exposure altered male mating strategy, with males in the high treatment conducting significantly more coercive 'sneak' copulations, whereas the number of courtship displays performed was not significantly affected. Moreover, while fluoxetine exposure did not significantly affect the amount of time that males and females spent following one another, we found that females, but not males, followed a potential partner less when in the presence of the predatory fish. Finally, both sexes reacted to the risk of predation by spending less time in close proximity to a predator than a non-predator. In combination, our findings highlight the capacity of fluoxetine to influence processes of sexual selection at field-realistic concentrations and emphasise the importance of considering multiple stressors when assessing impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on the behaviour of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack B Fursdon
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Topi K Lehtonen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Moniruzzaman M, Mukherjee J, Jacquin L, Mukherjee D, Mitra P, Ray S, Chakraborty SB. Physiological and behavioural responses to acid and osmotic stress and effects of Mucuna extract in Guppies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:37-46. [PMID: 30031943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Variation in pH (acidification) and salinity conditions have severe impact at different levels of biological organization in fish. Present study focused to assess the effects of acidification and salinity changes on physiological stress responses at three different levels of function: i) hormonal and oxidative response, ii) osmoregulation and iii) reproduction, in order to identify relevant biomarkers. Second objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant (Mucuna pruriens) extract for alleviating pH and salinity related stress. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exposed to different pH (6.0, 5.5, 5.0) and salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 ppt) for 7, 14 and 21 days. Following exposure to stress for respective duration, fish were fed diet containing methanol extract of Mucuna seeds (dose 0.80 gm/kg feed) for 7, 14 and 21 days to measure their possible recovery response. Stress hormone (cortisol), hepatic oxidative stress parameters [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)], gill osmoregulatory response (Na+-K+ATPase activity), sex steroid profiles and mating behaviours (gonopodial thrust and gestation period) were estimated. Cortisol and MDA levels increased with dose and duration of acid and salinity stress, and cortisol levels were higher in males than in females. Effect on Na+-K+ATPase activity was more intense by salinity stress rather than pH induced stress. Both acid and salinity stress reduced sex steroid levels, and mating response was highly affected by both stresses in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Mucuna treatment reduced stress-induced alteration of cortisol, MDA, Na+-K+ATPase activity and reproductive parameters. Dietary administration of Mucuna seed extract decreased the intensity of environmental stressors at all three functional levels. Mucuna treatment was more effective against salinity stress than acid stress. Thus, cortisol, oxidative stress marker MDA and Na+-K+ATPase could be effective indicators for acid and salinity stress in wild and domestic fish populations. Dietary administration of Mucuna extract may limit the detrimental effects of acidification and salinity variations that are the inevitable outcomes expected under global climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammed Moniruzzaman
- Fish Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Joyita Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Krishna Chandra College, University of Burdwan, Hetampur, Birbhum 731124, West Bengal, India
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Debosree Mukherjee
- Fish Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pubali Mitra
- Fish Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Santanu Ray
- Ecological Modeling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suman Bhusan Chakraborty
- Fish Endocrinology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Zebral YD, Anni ISA, Afonso SB, Abril SIM, Klein RD, Bianchini A. Effects of life-time exposure to waterborne copper on the somatotropic axis of the viviparous fish Poecilia vivipara. Chemosphere 2018; 203:410-417. [PMID: 29631113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced fish growth following chronic exposure to dissolved copper (Cu) is well reported in the literature. Nevertheless, information on the mechanism(s) involved in this process is scarce. Therefore, we evaluated growth, gene expression and concentrations of proteins related to growth regulation in the viviparous guppy Poecilia vivipara chronically exposed to dissolved Cu. Newborn (<24 h after birth) fish were kept under control conditions or exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (5 and 9 μg/L) in salt water (24 ppt) for 345 days. After exposure, fish growth was evaluated based on body weight and length. Also, growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression was evaluated in brain, while growth hormone receptor 1 (ghr1) and 2 (ghr2) mRNA expressions were analyzed in brain, skeletal muscle and liver. In turn, insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) and 2 (igf2) mRNA expressions were evaluated in skeletal muscle and liver. Additionally, Gh concentration was assessed in brain, while Ghr concentration was evaluated in skeletal muscle and liver. Exposure to 9 μg/L Cu reduced fish body weigh and length. Metal exposure affected mRNA expression only in skeletal muscle. Reduced ghr2 mRNA expression was observed in guppies exposed to 5 and 9 μg/L Cu. Additionally, reduced igf1 and igf2 mRNA expressions were observed in guppies exposed to 9 μg/L Cu. However, no significant change in Ghr concentration was observed. The reduced ghr2 mRNA expression suggests that chronic Cu exposure induced an insensitivity of the skeletal muscle to Gh, thus resulting in reduced igf1 and igf2 mRNA expression which lead to reduced fish growth. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to dissolved Cu disrupts the somatotropic axis regulation, thus helping to elucidate the mechanism underlying the Cu-dependent inhibition of growth observed in the viviparous fish P. vivipara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Braz Afonso
- Curso de Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Daniele Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Tomkins P, Saaristo M, Bertram MG, Michelangeli M, Tomkins RB, Wong BBM. An endocrine-disrupting agricultural contaminant impacts sequential female mate choice in fish. Environ Pollut 2018; 237:103-110. [PMID: 29477864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)-compounds that interfere with endocrine system function at minute concentrations-is now well established. In recent years, concern has been mounting over a group of endocrine disruptors known as hormonal growth promotants (HGPs), which are natural and synthetic chemicals used to promote growth in livestock by targeting the endocrine system. One of the most potent compounds to enter the environment as a result of HGP use is 17β-trenbolone, which has repeatedly been detected in aquatic habitats. Although recent research has revealed that 17β-trenbolone can interfere with mechanisms of sexual selection, its potential to impact sequential female mate choice remains unknown, as is true for all EDCs. To address this, we exposed female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to 17β-trenbolone at an environmentally relevant level (average measured concentration: 2 ng/L) for 21 days using a flow-through system. We then compared the response of unexposed and exposed females to sequentially presented stimulus (i.e., unexposed) males that varied in their relative body area of orange pigmentation, as female guppies have a known preference for orange colouration in males. We found that, regardless of male orange pigmentation, both unexposed and exposed females associated with males indiscriminately during their first male encounter. However, during the second male presentation, unexposed females significantly reduced the amount of time they spent associating with low-orange males if they had previously encountered a high-orange male. Conversely, 17β-trenbolone-exposed females associated with males indiscriminately (i.e., regardless of orange colouration) during both their first and second male encounter, and, overall, associated with males significantly less than did unexposed females during both presentations. This is the first study to demonstrate altered sequential female mate choice resulting from exposure to an endocrine disruptor, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of how EDCs may impact complex mechanisms of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tomkins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Raymond B Tomkins
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI), Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Wojan EM, Bertram SM, Clendenen DA, Castillo C, Neldner HM, Kolluru GR. Sexual selection on the multicomponent display of black morph male Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). Behav Processes 2018; 153:1-8. [PMID: 29727713 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexually selected displays often include suites of integrated traits. Black morph males of the poeciliid fish Girardinus metallicus perform courtship and aggressive displays that exhibit their conspicuous yellow and black coloration. Body size, gonopodium size and ventral black area are correlated with intermale aggression, which is key for access to mates. A previous study showed that females may prefer dominant males prior to watching them fight; however, that result was obtained in trials that allowed for male-male interactions across partitions, and to date no study has uncovered the traits important in female choice. We performed a more comprehensive investigation of the multicomponent sexual display including measures of male yellow hue, saturation and brightness. We examined the behavior of size-matched males paired to maximize the difference in yellow saturation, and measured female choice exclusive of male-male interactions and chemical cues. We found no female preference for any traits in the multicomponent sexual display. Males with brighter and more saturated yellow coloration were more likely to be dominant, and dominant males courted and attempted copulations more. Our results suggest that yellow coloration is sexually selected; however, the courtship display requires further investigation because we did not identify targets of female preference, and we discuss possible explanations for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wojan
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407-0401, USA
| | - S M Bertram
- Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - D A Clendenen
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407-0401, USA
| | - C Castillo
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407-0401, USA
| | - H M Neldner
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407-0401, USA
| | - G R Kolluru
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407-0401, USA.
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Murawala H, Patel S, Ranadive I, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. Variation in expression and activity pattern of mmp2 and mmp9 on different time scales in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1604-1619. [PMID: 29633266 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in the expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 was studied in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna immediately following amputation until the new tissues gained structural integrity. Timed expression pattern of these two MMPs was studied at enzyme, transcript as well as protein levels. Additionally, both the gelatinases were localized in the regenerating caudal fin during three specific stages of regeneration. The results revealed a progressive increase in the expression of MMP2 starting at 1 h post amputation (hpa), indicating its possible role in the remodelling of extracellular matrix early on during caudal-fin regeneration. Nevertheless, a reduction in transcript level expression of MMP2 at 6 hpa and 12 hpa stages, points towards a possible transcriptional regulation, to further moderate its activity. As observed in the case of MMP2, expression of MMP9 too increased from 1 hpa and remained elevated until 5 dpa. However, the active MMP9 revealed its presence only 12 hpa onwards. Moreover, both the gelatinases were localised in the apical epithelial cap and in the progress zone at wound epithelium (1 dpa) and blastema (60 hpa) stages respectively. Further, during early differentiation stage (5 dpa), high intensities of MMP2 and MMP9 were localized in the newly formed actinotrichia as compared with the tissue proximal to it. Based on the results, it could be construed that the controlled up-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 from 1 hpa until the early differentiation stage ensures a regulated digestion of extracellular matrix, perhaps to facilitate the recruitment, proliferation, morphogenesis and re-patterning of resident stem cells during caudal fin regeneration in P. latipinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murawala
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Ranadive
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Desai
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
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45
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Camacho-Cervantes M, Ojanguren AF, Domínguez-Domínguez O, Magurran AE. Sociability between invasive guppies and native topminnows. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192539. [PMID: 29444149 PMCID: PMC5812616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interspecific social interactions during species invasions may be more decisive than previously thought. Research has revealed that invasive fish improve their foraging success by shoaling with native Mexican species, and potentially increase the chances of invasion success. However, do native individuals tend to associate with invaders as well? We tested the hypothesis that the twoline skiffia (Neotoca bilineata) and the Lerma livebearer (Poeciliopsis infans), both native endemic Mexican topminnows, will associate with guppies, a notorious invasive species present in Mexico. Our investigation shows that guppies, twoline skiffias and Lerma livebearers have a mutual tendency to associate with each other. Although there is a marked tendency to shoal with heterospecifics in this system, shoaling partners do not necessarily benefit equally from the association. Further research on invasive-native social interactions is needed to promote our understanding of potential facilitation by natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morelia Camacho-Cervantes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfredo F. Ojanguren
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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46
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Buechel SD, Boussard A, Kotrschal A, van der Bijl W, Kolm N. Brain size affects performance in a reversal-learning test. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172031. [PMID: 29367391 PMCID: PMC5805926 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that a larger brain can confer cognitive benefits. Yet not all of the numerous aspects of cognition seem to be affected by brain size. Recent evidence suggests that some more basic forms of cognition, for instance colour vision, are not influenced by brain size. We therefore hypothesize that a larger brain is especially beneficial for distinct and gradually more complex aspects of cognition. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the performance of brain size selected female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two distinct aspects of cognition that differ in cognitive complexity. In a standard reversal-learning test we first investigated basic learning ability with a colour discrimination test, then reversed the reward contingency to specifically test for cognitive flexibility. We found that large-brained females outperformed small-brained females in the reversed-learning part of the test but not in the colour discrimination part of the test. Large-brained individuals are hence cognitively more flexible, which probably yields fitness benefits, as they may adapt more quickly to social and/or ecological cognitive challenges. Our results also suggest that a larger brain becomes especially advantageous with increasing cognitive complexity. These findings corroborate the significance of brain size for cognitive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine D Buechel
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Boussard
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Tomkins P, Saaristo M, Bertram MG, Tomkins RB, Allinson M, Wong BBM. The agricultural contaminant 17β-trenbolone disrupts male-male competition in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Chemosphere 2017; 187:286-293. [PMID: 28854383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing literature highlighting the potential impact of human-induced environmental change on mechanisms of sexual selection, relatively little is known about the effects of chemical pollutants on male-male competition. One class of environmental pollutant likely to impact male competitive interactions is the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a large and heterogeneous group of chemical contaminants with the potential to influence morphology, physiology and behaviour at minute concentrations. One EDC of increasing concern is the synthetic, androgenic steroid 17β-trenbolone, which is used globally to promote growth in beef cattle. Although 17β-trenbolone has been found to cause severe morphological and behavioural abnormalities in fish, its potential impact on male-male competition has yet to be investigated. To address this, we exposed wild male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to an environmentally realistic concentration of 17β-trenbolone (average measured concentration: 8 ng/L) for 21 days using a flow-through system. We found that, in the presence of a competitor, 17β-trenbolone-exposed males carried out more frequent aggressive behaviours towards rival males than did unexposed males, as well as performing less courting behaviour and more sneak (i.e., coercive) mating attempts towards females. Considering that, by influencing mating outcomes, male-male competition has important consequences for population dynamics and broader evolutionary processes, this study highlights the need for greater understanding of the potential impact of EDCs on the mechanisms of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tomkins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond B Tomkins
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI), Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayumi Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Herbert-Read JE, Rosén E, Szorkovszky A, Ioannou CC, Rogell B, Perna A, Ramnarine IW, Kotrschal A, Kolm N, Krause J, Sumpter DJT. How predation shapes the social interaction rules of shoaling fish. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20171126. [PMID: 28855361 PMCID: PMC5577484 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is thought to shape the macroscopic properties of animal groups, making moving groups more cohesive and coordinated. Precisely how predation has shaped individuals' fine-scale social interactions in natural populations, however, is unknown. Using high-resolution tracking data of shoaling fish (Poecilia reticulata) from populations differing in natural predation pressure, we show how predation adapts individuals' social interaction rules. Fish originating from high predation environments formed larger, more cohesive, but not more polarized groups than fish from low predation environments. Using a new approach to detect the discrete points in time when individuals decide to update their movements based on the available social cues, we determine how these collective properties emerge from individuals' microscopic social interactions. We first confirm predictions that predation shapes the attraction-repulsion dynamic of these fish, reducing the critical distance at which neighbours move apart, or come back together. While we find strong evidence that fish align with their near neighbours, we do not find that predation shapes the strength or likelihood of these alignment tendencies. We also find that predation sharpens individuals' acceleration and deceleration responses, implying key perceptual and energetic differences associated with how individuals move in different predation regimes. Our results reveal how predation can shape the social interactions of individuals in groups, ultimately driving differences in groups' collective behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Herbert-Read
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Rosén
- Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Rogell
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Perna
- Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Krause
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Zandonà E, Dalton CM, El-Sabaawi RW, Howard JL, Marshall MC, Kilham SS, Reznick DN, Travis J, Kohler TJ, Flecker AS, Thomas SA, Pringle CM. Population variation in the trophic niche of the Trinidadian guppy from different predation regimes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5770. [PMID: 28720857 PMCID: PMC5515894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Population variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of increasing interest given its role in both speciation and adaptation to changing environments. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life history traits. Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resource standing stocks, and δ15N and δ13C stable isotopes across five streams during the wet season. We found that guppies from low predation (LP) sites had a consistently higher trophic position and proportion of invertebrates in their guts and assimilate less epilithon than guppies from high predation (HP) sites. Higher trophic position was also associated with lower benthic invertebrate availability. Our results suggest that LP guppies could be more efficient invertebrate consumers, possibly as an evolutionary response to greater intraspecific competition for higher quality food. This may be intensified by seasonality, as wet season conditions can alter resource availability, feeding rates, and the intensity of intraspecific competition. Understanding how guppy diets vary among communities is critical to elucidating the role of niche shifts in mediating the link between environmental change and the evolution of life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Zandonà
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Ecology - IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil.
| | | | - Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jason L Howard
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Susan S Kilham
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tyler J Kohler
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, 2 - 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Steven A Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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50
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Ioannou CC, Ramnarine IW, Torney CJ. High-predation habitats affect the social dynamics of collective exploration in a shoaling fish. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602682. [PMID: 28508069 PMCID: PMC5415332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collective decisions play a major role in the benefits that animals gain from living in groups. Although the mechanisms of how groups collectively make decisions have been extensively researched, the response of within-group dynamics to ecological conditions is virtually unknown, despite adaptation to the environment being a cornerstone in biology. We investigate how within-group interactions during exploration of a novel environment are shaped by predation, a major influence on the behavior of prey species. We tested guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from rivers varying in predation risk under controlled laboratory conditions and find the first evidence of differences in group interactions between animals adapted to different levels of predation. Fish from high-predation habitats showed the strongest negative relationship between initiating movements and following others, which resulted in less variability in the total number of movements made between individuals. This relationship between initiating movements and following others was associated with differentiation into initiators and followers, which was only observed in fish from high-predation rivers. The differentiation occurred rapidly, as trials lasted 5 min, and was related to shoal cohesion, where more diverse groups from high-predation habitats were more cohesive. Our results show that even within a single species over a small geographical range, decision-making in a social context can vary with local ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indar W. Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Colin J. Torney
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QW, U.K
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