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Balakrishnan S, Rahman RNZRA, Noor NDM, Latip W, Ali MSM. Expression and functional analysis of a recombinant aquaporin Z from Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. AMS3. Proteins 2024. [PMID: 38477414 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) is a water channel protein from the family of transmembrane proteins which facilitates the movement of water across the cell membrane. It is ubiquitous in nature, however the understanding of the water transport mechanism, especially for AQPs in microbes adapted to low temperatures, remains limited. AQP also has been recognized for its ability to be used for water filtration, but knowledge of the biochemical features necessary for its potential applications in industrial processes has been lacking. Therefore, this research was conducted to express, extract, solubilize, purify, and study the functional adaptations of the aquaporin Z family from Pseudomonas sp. AMS3 via molecular approaches. In this study, AqpZ1 AMS3 was successfully subcloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as a recombinant protein. The AqpZ1 AMS3 gene was expressed under optimized conditions and the best optimized condition for the AQP was in 0.5 mM IPTG incubated at 25°C for 20 h induction time. A zwitterionic mild detergent [(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate was the suitable surfactant for the protein solubilization. The protein was then purified via affinity chromatography. Liposome and proteoliposome was reconstituted to determine the particle size using dynamic light scattering. This information obtained from this psychrophilic AQP identified provides new insights into the structural adaptation of this protein at low temperatures and could be useful for low temperature application and molecular engineering purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R N Z R A Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N D M Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S M Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chenchula S, Chandra MB, Adusumilli MB, Ghanta SN, Bommasani A, Kuttiappan A, Padmavathi R, Amerneni KC, Chikatipalli R, Ghanta MK, Reddy SS, Mythili Bai K, Prakash S, Jogender G, Chavan M, Balakrishnan S. Immunogenicity, clinical efficacy and safety of additional second COVID-19 booster vaccines against Omicron and its subvariants: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2515. [PMID: 38282403 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new variant of concern (VOC) and an emerging subvariant that exhibits heightened infectivity, transmissibility, and immune evasion, escalating the incidence of moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It resists monoclonal antibodies and diminishes vaccine efficacy. Notably, new sublineages have outpaced earlier predominant sublineages. Although the primary vaccination series and initial boosters were robust against previous VOCs, their efficacy waned against Omicron and its subvariants. In this systematic review, we assessed real-world evidence on the immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety of a second booster or fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose against the Omicron VOC and its subvariants. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, and medRxiv, and relevant studies published between 2022 and 30 May 2023 were reviewed. We found a total of 40 relevant articles focusing on a second booster dose for COVID-19, including clinical trials and observational studies, involving 3,972,856 patients. The results consistently revealed that an additional second booster dose restored and prolonged waning immunity, activating both humoral and cellular responses against Omicron and its subvariants. A second booster treatment correlated with enduring protection against COVID-19, notably preventing substantial symptomatic disease and mortality associated with severe Omicron infection. Both monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) and nonmRNA vaccines demonstrated similar efficacy and safety, with bivalent mRNA vaccines exhibiting broader protection against emerging subvariants of Omicron. The safety profiles of second booster were favourable with only mild systemic and local symptoms reported in some recipients. In conclusion, this systematic review underscores the additional COVID-19 vaccine boosters, particularly with bivalent or multivalent mRNA vaccines, for countering the highly infectious emerging subvariants of Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anitha Kuttiappan
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Padmavathi
- SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | | | - K Mythili Bai
- Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Jogender
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavrao Chavan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kameshwari AVS, Balakrishnan S. Two-qubit entangling operators as chaos control in a discrete dynamic Cournot duopoly game. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014207. [PMID: 38366468 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The current trend in economics research is to incorporate quantum mechanical concepts to increase the security of business models. This interdisciplinary field of study represents real-world market dynamics more closely than do its classical counterparts. In this paper, we shed light on the significance of the two-qubit entangling operators in controlling chaos. We introduce a modified Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein scheme in a nonlinear Cournot duopoly game with complete and incomplete information. By doing so, the following interesting results are obtained: To begin, monopoly in a duopoly game can be avoided with the use of special perfect entanglers. Also, the stability analysis shows that there exists a class of entangling operators which can stabilize an unstable system and vice versa. Second, numerical analysis highlights the two-qubit entangling operators which can stabilize a chaotic system or at least delay chaos. Finally, we show that with an appropriate choice of initial state and speed of adjustments, entangling operators can decrease the sensitivity of the system. In short, while we know the importance of entangling operators in quantum game theory, in this paper we indicate the significance of operators in the context of a chaotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V S Kameshwari
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Ramanujam S, Balakrishnan S. The usage of Gellhorn pessary in pelvic organ prolapse and in regards to success, continuity of use and effect on symptoms: a retrospective study of 2 years. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:705-710. [PMID: 38031210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition involving weakened pelvic floor muscles causing organs to protrude. Conservative POP treatment comprises pelvic floor exercises and vaginal pessaries. Besides conservative care, surgery is offered. However, surgery is invasive, risky and unsuitable for those with serious medical conditions. This study aims to assess the acceptance, success and outcomes of the Gellhorn pessary for POP treatment, especially in advanced cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a retrospective cohort study using hospital medical records (patient files) from October 2019 to November 2021 (for 2 years). This study was performed in Malaysian women (n=53) suffering from advanced stages of POP, in which Gellhorn pessaries of diameter (44-76mm) were inserted by trained personnel. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (PFIQ-7) were used to measure patients' symptoms and quality of life before and after Gellhorn pessary fitting. Patients were reassessed every three months for two years and their satisfaction scores were recorded. RESULTS We observed a significant difference in pre-test (pre-fitting) and post-test (three months post-fitting) scores on all three subscales and the PFIQ-7 total score. Twentyeight (52.83%) patients continued the use of Gellhorn pessary for at least 24 months, whereas 25 (47.20%) patients discontinued during this period. A retrospective analysis of the patients who discontinued Gellhorn pessary showed that 13 (24.52%) patients gave up the use of pessary for definitive surgery. It is noteworthy to mention here that only one out of the 13 patients who were awaiting surgery, chose surgery and the remaining 12 changed their mind after being fitted with the Gellhorn pessary. Seven (13.20%) patients declined reinsertion due to discomfort and voiding difficulties and refused further intervention, whereas three (5.66%) patients requested a ring pessary. Two (3.77%) patients, requested the removal of pessary due to vesicovaginal fistula and rectovaginal fistula (caused by an impacted pessary). The rate of continued use was 79.24% (42 patients) after 1st year and 52.83% (28 patients) at the end of two years. CONCLUSION In the current study, the Gellhorn pessary was used to treat stage 3 and 4 POP with significant symptom reduction post-fitting. More than half of the patients continued to use the pessary after 24 months of fitting. Therefore, the Gellhorn pessary can be used as a treatment strategy for stage 3 and 4 POP with reasonable acceptance in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramanujam
- Penang General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Malaysia.
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Penang General Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Malaysia
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Díaz Casas A, Cordoba JJ, Ferrer BJ, Balakrishnan S, Wurm JE, Pastrana‐Ríos B, Chazin WJ. Binding by calmodulin is coupled to transient unfolding of the third FF domain of Prp40A. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4606. [PMID: 36810829 PMCID: PMC10022492 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Human pre-mRNA processing protein 40 homolog A (hPrp40A) is a splicing factor that interacts with the Huntington's disease protein huntingtin (Htt). Evidence has accumulated that both Htt and hPrp40A are modulated by the intracellular Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM). Here we report characterization of the interaction of human CM with the third FF domain (FF3 ) of hPrp40A using calorimetric, fluorescence and structural approaches. Homology modeling, differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data show FF3 forms a folded globular domain. CaM was found to bind FF3 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant (Kd ) of 25 ± 3 μM at 25°C. NMR studies showed that both domains of CaM are engaged in binding and SAXS analysis of the FF3 -CaM complex revealed CaM occupies an extended configuration. Analysis of the FF3 sequence showed that the anchors for CaM binding must be buried in its hydrophobic core, suggesting that binding to CaM requires unfolding of FF3 . Trp anchors were proposed based on sequence analysis and confirmed by intrinsic Trp fluorescence of FF3 upon binding of CaM and substantial reductions in affinity for Trp-Ala FF3 mutants. The consensus model of the complex showed that binding to CaM binding occurs to an extended, non-globular state of the FF3 , consistent with coupling to transient unfolding of the domain. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the complex interplay of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensor proteins in modulating Prp40A-Htt function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Díaz Casas
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Present address:
Department of Natural SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Puerto RicoPoncePuerto RicoUSA
| | - J. J. Cordoba
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - B. J. Ferrer
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - S. Balakrishnan
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - J. E. Wurm
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - B. Pastrana‐Ríos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez CampusMayagüezPuerto RicoUSA
| | - W. J. Chazin
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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6
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Kennedy EH, Balakrishnan S, Wasserman LA. Semiparametric Counterfactual Density Estimation. Biometrika 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Causal effects are often characterized with averages, which can give an incomplete picture of the underlying counterfactual distributions. Here we consider estimating the entire counterfactual density and generic functionals thereof. We focus on two kinds of target parameters: density approximations and the distance between counterfactual densities. We study nonparametric efficiency bounds, giving results for smooth but otherwise generic models and distances. Importantly, we show how these bounds connect to means of particular nontrivial functions of counterfactuals, linking the problems of density and mean estimation. We propose doubly robust-style estimators, and study their rates of convergence, showing that they can be optimally efficient in large nonparametric models. We also give analogous methods for model selection and aggregation, when many models may be available and of interest. Our results all hold for generic models and distances, but we highlight results for L2 projections on linear models and KL projections on exponential families. Finally, we illustrate our method by estimating the density of CD4 count among patients with HIV, had all been treated with combination therapy versus zidovudine alone, as well as a density effect. Our methods are implemented in the R package npcausal on GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Kennedy
- Carnegie Mellon University Department of Statistics and Data Science, , Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Carnegie Mellon University Department of Statistics and Data Science, , Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - L A Wasserman
- Carnegie Mellon University Department of Statistics and Data Science, and Machine Learning Department, , Pittsburgh, PA USA
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7
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Balakrishnan S, Rahman RNZRA, Noor NDM, Latip W, Ali MSM. Molecular dynamics simulation and structural analysis of aquaporin Z from an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11498-11509. [PMID: 36598349 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2164519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin is a water channel protein that facilitates the movement of water across the cell membrane. Aquaporin from the Antarctic region has been noted for its psychrophilic properties and its ability to perform at a lower temperature but there remains limited understanding of the water mechanism of Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3 However, studies regarding aquaporin isolated from psychrophilic Pseudomonas sp. are still scattered. Recently, the genome sequence of an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3 revealed a gene sequence encoding for a putative aquaporin designated as AqpZ1 AMS3. In this study, structure analysis and a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a predicted model of a fully hydrated aquaporin tetramer embedded in a lipid bilayer was performed at different temperatures for structural flexibility and stability analysis. The MD simulation results revealed that the structures were able to remain stable at low to medium temperatures. The protein was observed to have high flexibility in the loop region as compared to the helices region throughout the simulated temperatures. The selectivity filter and NPA motifs play a major role in solute selectivity and the pore radius of the protein. The structural and functional characterization of this psychrophilic aquaporin provides new insights for the future applications of this protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R N Z R A Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N D M Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S M Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Barik SK, Senapati A, Balakrishnan S, Ananthasivan K. Synthesis and characterization of rare-earth doped aluminium phosphate glasses. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Apoorva R, Premalatha N, Balakrishnan S, Kumaresan A, Yogeshpriya S. Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarker and Electrocardiography of Canine Parvovirus-2 Affected Kanni Pups: A Study of Eight Cases. Applied Biological Research 2022. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-4517.2022.00029.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Joshi R, Medhi B, Prakash A, Chandy S, Ranjalkar J, Bright HR, Basker J, Govindraj L, Chugh PK, Tripathi CD, Badyal DK, Balakrishnan S, Jhaj R, Shukla AK, Atal S, Najmi A, Banerjee A, Kamat S, Tripathi RK, Shetty YC, Parmar U, Rege N, Dikshit H, Mishra H, Roy SS, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Bhattacharya M, Das D, Trivedi N, Shah P, Chauhan J, Desai C, Gandhi AM, Patel PP, Shah S, Sheth S, Raveendran R, Mathaiyan J, Manikandan S, Jeevitha G, Gupta P, Sarangi SC, Yadav HN, Singh S, Kaushal S, Arora S, Gupta K, Jain S, Cherian JJ, Chatterjee NS, Kaul R, Kshirsagar NA. Assessment of prescribing pattern of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per the World Health Organization prescribing indicators in various Indian tertiary care centers: A multicentric study by Rational Use of Medicines Centers-Indian Council of Medical Research network under National Virtual Centre Clinical Pharmacology activity. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:321-328. [PMID: 36537400 PMCID: PMC9846909 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_976_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rational use of medicines as per the World Health Organization (WHO) should be practiced globally. However, data regarding the completeness of the prescriptions and their rational use is lacking from developing countries like India. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per WHO core drug use and complementary indicators to provide real-life examples for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) online prescribing skill course for medical graduates. METHODS Prescriptions of the patients, fulfilling inclusion criteria, attending Outpatient Departments of various specialties of tertiary care hospitals, were collected by thirteen ICMR Rational use of medicines centers located in tertiary care hospitals, throughout India. Prescriptions were evaluated for rational use of medicines according to the WHO guidelines and for appropriateness as per standard treatment guidelines using a common protocol approved by local Ethics committees. RESULTS Among 4838 prescriptions, an average of about three drugs (3.34) was prescribed to the patients per prescription. Polypharmacy was noted in 83.05% of prescriptions. Generic drugs were prescribed in 47.58% of the prescriptions. Further, antimicrobials were prescribed in 17.63% of the prescriptions and only 4.98% of prescriptions were with injectables. During the prescription evaluation, 38.65% of the prescriptions were incomplete due to multiple omissions such as dose, duration, and formulation. CONCLUSION Most of the parameters in the present study were out of the range of WHO-recommended prescribing indicators. Therefore, effective intervention program, like training, for the promotion of rational drug use practice was recommended to improve the prescribing pattern of drugs and the quality of prescriptions all over the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Medhi B, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - A Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Ranjalkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - HR Bright
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Basker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Govindraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PK Chugh
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - CD Tripathi
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - DK Badyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - R Jhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - AK Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Kamat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RK Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - YC Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rege
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Dikshit
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - H Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SS Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - N Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - C Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - AM Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - PP Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - R Raveendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - J Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G Jeevitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SC Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - HN Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaushal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - JJ Cherian
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NS Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kaul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NA Kshirsagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Balakrishnan S, Senthil Kumar B. Factors causing variability in formation of coronary collaterals during coronary artery disease. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:815-824. [PMID: 34699051 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. CAD is narrowing of coronary arteries that prevents adequate blood supply to the heart muscle and results in acute coronary syndrome which includes unstable angina and myocardial infarction. The only remedy for it is to restore the perfusion through percutaneous intervention and grafting which may sometime cause reperfusion injury and other complications. Coronary collaterals are small inter-arterial connections that act as natural bypass which provide blood flow to the vascular territory, when the artery supplying to it gets obstructed. Acute collateral recruitment can occurs as a remedy for these adverse cardiac events. Various methods of therapies considered for the promotion and sustenance of functional coronary collaterals. The determinants of human coronary collaterals give clear evidence for prognosis in CAD and a new insight for further therapeutic promotion of coronary collaterals. This review mainly focuses on various studies done on coronary collaterals and the effect of various demographic, morphological and cardiovascular risk factors on the formation of coronary collaterals during obstructive CAD. Many studies have proven that various independent variables such as morphology of coronary artery, location of the lesion, duration of the occlusion, coronary dominance, biochemical factors, and cardiac risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, also affect collateral formation. The current update review gives a holistic view on coronary collaterals and findings of various authors on the effect of these independent variables on collateral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
| | - B Senthil Kumar
- Department of Anatomy Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamilnadu, India
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Balaji BS, Balakrishnan S, Venkatachalam K, Jeyakrishnan V. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Automated query classification based web service similarity technique using machine learning. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 2021; 12:6169-6180. [DOI: 10.1007/s12652-020-02186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Veerasamy N, Murugan R, Kasar S, Inoue K, Kavasi N, Balakrishnan S, Arae H, Fukushi M, Sahoo SK. Geochemical characterization of monazite sands based on rare earth elements, thorium and uranium from a natural high background radiation area in Tamil Nadu, India. J Environ Radioact 2021; 232:106565. [PMID: 33714078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Kanyakumari coastal area in the southernmost part of Tamil Nadu, India is a well-known natural high background radiation area due to the abundance of monazite in beach placer deposits. In the present study, the concentrations of major oxides, rare earth elements (REEs), Th and U were measured to understand geochemical characteristics of these monazite sands. Based on the ambient dose rate, 23 locations covering an area of about 60 km along the coast were selected for sample collection. The concentrations of U and Th ranged from 1.1 to 737.8 μg g-1 and 25.2-12250.6 μg g-1, respectively. The Th/U ratio ranged from 2.2 to 61.6, which clearly indicated that Th was the dominant contributing radionuclide to the enhanced natural radioactivity in this coastal region. The chondrite-normalized REEs pattern of the placer deposits showed enrichment in light REEs and depletion in heavy REEs with a negative Eu anomaly that indicated the monazite sands were derived from granite, charnockite, and granitoid rocks from the Nagercoil and the Trivandrum Blocks of the Southern Granulite Terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Veerasamy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan; Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - R Murugan
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Kasar
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - N Kavasi
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, R Venkat Raman Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - H Arae
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Faruqui AR, Xavier D, Kamat SK, Chandy SJ, Medhi B, Tripathi RK, Shetty YC, Raj JM, Kaushal S, Balakrishnan S, Atal S, Tripathi SK, Badyal DK, Dikshit H, Roy SS, Trivedi N, Chatterjee S, Desai C, Tripathi C, Rege NN, Gupta P, Raveendran R, Kaul R, Kshirsagar NA. Safety of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers for COVID-19 prophylaxis. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:219-226. [PMID: 33818480 PMCID: PMC8184065 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2294_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), reported to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in in vitro studies, has been recommended for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in healthcare workers (HCWs). The objective of this study was to assess short-term adverse events (AEs) of HCQ in HCWs. METHODS This cross-sectional study among consenting HCWs taking prophylaxis and working in hospitals with COVID-19 patients used online forms to collect details of HCWs, comorbidities, prophylactic drugs used and AEs after the first dose of HCQ. Verification of dose and AEs was done by personal contact. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the effect of age, gender and dose of HCQ on AE. RESULTS Of the 1303 HCWs included, 98.4 per cent (n=1282) took HCQ and 66 per cent (n=861) took 800 mg as first day's dose. Among the 19.9 per cent (n=259) reporting AEs, 1.5 per cent (n=20) took treatment for AE, none were hospitalized and three discontinued HCQ. Gastrointestinal AEs were the most common (172, 13.2%), with less in older [odds ratio (OR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.89], with more in females (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.78-3.38) and in those taking a total dose of 800 mg on day one compared to a lower dose. Hypoglycaemia (1.1%, n=14), cardiovascular events (0.7%, n=9) and other AEs were minimal. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS HCQ prophylaxis first dose was well tolerated among HCWs as evidenced by a low discontinuation. For adverse effects, a small number required treatment, and none required hospitalization. The study had limitations of convenience sampling and lack of laboratory and electrocardiography confirmation of AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya R. Faruqui
- Department of Pharmacology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Denis Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya K. Kamat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College & King Edwards Medical Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujith J. Chandy
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raakhi K. Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College & King Edwards Medical Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yashashri C. Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College & King Edwards Medical Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - John Michael Raj
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S. Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shubham Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santanu K. Tripathi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dinesh K. Badyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Harihar Dikshit
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sukalyan Saha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Niyati Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Suparna Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chetna Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - C.D. Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmala N. Rege
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College & King Edwards Medical Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Raveendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajni Kaul
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilima A. Kshirsagar
- National Chair Clinical Pharmacology, Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M S Manu
- State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Directorate of Health Services - Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram
| | - P S Rakesh
- State TB Cell, WHO NTEP Technical Support Network, Thiruvananthapuram
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Regional Team Lead (South), WHO NTEP Technical Support Network, Cochin, India
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Balakrishnan S, Ananthasivan K, Ambika N, Hari Kumar KC. Design and performance of an improved thermo-optometric equipment for the measurement of the solidus and liquidus at high temperatures. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:094901. [PMID: 33003813 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental determination of solidus and liquidus in reactive systems at very high-temperatures requires special equipment and is rather complex. In the present study, we describe setting up an experimental facility based on the "spot-technique." It was demonstrated that this setup could be used to measure phase transformation temperatures involving liquids in refractory systems that comprise reactive and radioactive components, in the range of 1273 K-2273 K, by using a thermo-optometric technique, namely, the "spot-technique." The equipment and the method were validated by measuring the melting points of high purity metals, namely, gold, copper, nickel, and zirconium. A measurement accuracy of ±2 K could be realized at temperatures as high as 2128 K. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of nuclear reactor fuels as well as some binary alloys were also measured by using this setup. The research involved in building this equipment and the key features of the equipment and method are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - K Ananthasivan
- Reprocessing Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - N Ambika
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - K C Hari Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
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Atal S, Mathur A, Balakrishnan S. Cost of Treating Bacterial Infections in India: A Cost Minimization Analysis to Assess Price Variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dhanalakshmi M, Balakrishnan S, Sangeetha A, Manimaran K, Jayalalitha V. Assessment of milk adulteration in the commercially available milk for the consumers in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, India. IJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Cornelius J, Ramaraj M, Balakrishnan S. A study on clinical prevalence of stroke in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Tsuruoka H, Arae H, Balakrishnan S. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF BEACH PLACER SANDS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF TAMIL NADU (INDIA). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:409-412. [PMID: 31038715 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in beach placer sands from 13 locations along the coast line of Tamil Nadu state, India. The ambient dose rates varied from 9 to 467 nGy h-1. The activity concentrations of radionuclide 232Th, 226Ra and 40K ranged from 5.2 to 683 Bq kg-1, 13 to 198 Bq kg-1 and 107 to 421 Bq kg-1, respectively. The annual effective dose rate ranges from 27 to 620 μSv y-1 and was higher at seven beaches in comparison to the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Veerasamy
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukushi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tsuruoka
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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Balakrishnan S, Narasimhan S, Chandra P. Pattern analysis of FDG pet in atypical parkinsonism - An innovative approach. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lowen C, Lavallee C, Seelam P, Balakrishnan S, Henrikson A, Kesting B, Araujo Torres K. MON-LB683: Real-World Evidence of Clinical Characteristics and Tolerance Outcomes Among Adult Post-Acute Care Patients Receiving Peptide-Based Diets in the US. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Santenna C, Kumar S, Balakrishnan S, Jhaj R, Ahmed SN. A comparative experimental study of analgesic activity of a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecule - zaltoprofen, and a standard drug - piroxicam, using murine models. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:85-91. [PMID: 31447593 PMCID: PMC6683967 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s212988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pain is an unpleasant sensation, but a protective mechanism of our body. It is the most common medical complaint requiring a visit to a physician. The new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) - zaltoprofen, is a preferential COX-2 inhibitor. It also inhibits bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses by blocking the B2 receptor-mediated pathway in the primary sensory neurons. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anti-nociceptive activity of zaltoprofen with a conventional NSAID - piroxicam, in a mouse model of acute pain using hot plate and tail flick tests. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) of either sex were used in this study. Oral zaltoprofen and piroxicam were used as test and standard drugs respectively. Anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated and compared using hot plate and tail flick tests. Results In comparison to the control group (vehicle), zaltoprofen showed a significant increase in reaction time at various time periods in the hot plate and tail flick tests. In the hot plate method, zaltoprofen groups (15 and 20 mg/kg) showed a significant elevation in pain threshold in comparison to control group (vehicle) (p<0.001). In the tail flick model also, zaltoprofen groups (15 and 20 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in the reaction time in comparison to control group (vehicle). In both the analgesiometer assays, zaltoprofen was found to be non-inferior compared to a standard drug - piroxicam (positive control). Conclusion Our study concludes that zaltoprofen is an effective analgesic agent in various pain models. Our results support that zaltoprofen has therapeutic potential for treating pain disorders and is non-inferior to a standard drug - piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Santenna
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ratinder Jhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shah Newaz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Goga A, Rohrberg J, Corella A, Taileb M, Kilinc S, Jokisch ML, Camarda R, Zhou A, Balakrishnan S, Chang AN, Klein-Connolly H. Abstract P3-09-01: MYC dysregulates mitotic spindle function in triple-negative breast cancer creating a dependency on TPX2. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-09-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors that overexpress the MYC oncogene, including most receptor triple-negative breast cancers, frequently demonstrate aneuploidy, numerical chromosome alterations associated with highly aggressive cancers. Aneuploidy is also associated with rapid tumor evolution and poor patient outcome. We identify that MYC overexpression induces reversible defects in microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle assembly, in TNBCs and other epithelial cells, promoting chromosome segregation defects, micronuclei and chromosomal instability (CIN). High TPX2 expression is permissive for mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in cells with MYC overexpression; whereas TPX2 depletion blocks mitotic progression, induces cell death and prevents tumor growth. Attenuating MYC expression reverses mitotic defects, even in established breast tumor cell lines, implicating an ongoing role for high MYC in the persistence of CIN in cancers. Our studies implicate the MYC oncogene as a regulator of spindle assembly and identify a new MYC-TPX2 synthetic-lethal interaction in TNBC that could represent a future therapeutic strategy in MYC-overexpressing cancers. Moreover, our studies suggest that blocking MYC activity can attenuate the emergence of CIN and tumor evolution.
Citation Format: Goga A, Rohrberg J, Corella A, Taileb M, Kilinc S, Jokisch M-L, Camarda R, Zhou A, Balakrishnan S, Chang AN, Klein-Connolly H. MYC dysregulates mitotic spindle function in triple-negative breast cancer creating a dependency on TPX2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goga
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - J Rohrberg
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - A Corella
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - M Taileb
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - S Kilinc
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - M-L Jokisch
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - R Camarda
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - A Zhou
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - S Balakrishnan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - AN Chang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - H Klein-Connolly
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; University of California, San Diego, San Diego
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Dhal SP, Balakrishnan S, Kumar P, Singh P, Sharan A, Chopra S. 10Be/ 9Be Ratios of Cauvery River Delta Sediments, Southern India:Implications for Palaeo-Denudation Rates in the Catchment and Variation in Summer Monsoon Rainfall During Late Quaternary. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v115/i9/1770-1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Balakrishnan S, Kapoor S, Vijayanath P, Singh H, Nandhakumar A, Venkatesulu K, Shanmugam V. An innovative way of managing coeliac artery stenosis during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:e168-e170. [PMID: 29909663 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coeliac artery stenosis (CAS) is rarely of consequence owing to rich collateral supply from the superior mesenteric artery via the pancreatic head. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in CAS disrupts these collaterals, and places the liver, stomach and spleen at risk of ischaemia. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of obstructive jaundice. Computed tomography revealed an operable periampullary tumour with CAS due to compression by the median arcuate ligament with multiple collaterals in the pancreatic head and a prominent gastroduodenal artery (GDA). Following unsuccessful coeliac axis endovascular stenting, a PD was performed. Intraoperative median arcuate ligament release failed to restore good flow in the common hepatic artery (CHA) and splenic artery (SpA) A decision was made to use the left gastric artery (LGA) for arterial reconstruction, disconnect it from the stomach with its origin intact and anastomose it to the supracoeliac aorta. Doppler ultrasonography with a GDA clamp confirmed good filling of the CHA and SpA via the LGA. The GDA was ligated and the PD completed. The patient had an uneventful recovery except for a biochemical pancreatic leak and was discharged on day 10. CAS during PD (confirmed by a decrease in CHA flow with a GDA clamp) requires an additional procedure to restore blood flow to the liver, stomach and spleen. Anastomosing the LGA to the supracoeliac aorta is a simple reconstruction technique for achieving this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Kapoor
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - P Vijayanath
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - H Singh
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - A Nandhakumar
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - K Venkatesulu
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - V Shanmugam
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
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Murawala H, Patel S, Ranadive I, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. Variation in expression and activity pattern of mmp2 and mmp9 on different time scales in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1604-1619. [PMID: 29633266 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in the expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 was studied in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna immediately following amputation until the new tissues gained structural integrity. Timed expression pattern of these two MMPs was studied at enzyme, transcript as well as protein levels. Additionally, both the gelatinases were localized in the regenerating caudal fin during three specific stages of regeneration. The results revealed a progressive increase in the expression of MMP2 starting at 1 h post amputation (hpa), indicating its possible role in the remodelling of extracellular matrix early on during caudal-fin regeneration. Nevertheless, a reduction in transcript level expression of MMP2 at 6 hpa and 12 hpa stages, points towards a possible transcriptional regulation, to further moderate its activity. As observed in the case of MMP2, expression of MMP9 too increased from 1 hpa and remained elevated until 5 dpa. However, the active MMP9 revealed its presence only 12 hpa onwards. Moreover, both the gelatinases were localised in the apical epithelial cap and in the progress zone at wound epithelium (1 dpa) and blastema (60 hpa) stages respectively. Further, during early differentiation stage (5 dpa), high intensities of MMP2 and MMP9 were localized in the newly formed actinotrichia as compared with the tissue proximal to it. Based on the results, it could be construed that the controlled up-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 from 1 hpa until the early differentiation stage ensures a regulated digestion of extracellular matrix, perhaps to facilitate the recruitment, proliferation, morphogenesis and re-patterning of resident stem cells during caudal fin regeneration in P. latipinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murawala
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Ranadive
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Desai
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
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Pratheesh Kumar MR, Saravanakumar K, Balakrishnan S, Saravanan R. Multi-objective optimization of CNC turning parameters using genetic algorithm and performance evaluation of nanocomposite coated carbide inserts. 10 5267/j ijdns 2018. [DOI: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2018.9.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Roy P, Jaisree S, Balakrishnan S, Senthilkumar K, Mahaprabhu R, Mishra A, Maity B, Ghosh TK, Karmakar AP. Molecular epidemiology of goat pox viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:32-36. [PMID: 29150913 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Goat pox disease outbreaks were observed in different places affecting Black Bengal Goats in West Bengal (WB) and Tellicherry, Vembur and non-descriptive breeds in Tamil Nadu (TN) causing severe lesions and mortality up to 30%. Clinical specimens from all the outbreaks were screened by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and confirmed the diseases as Goat Pox. Virus isolation in Vero cell line was done with randomly selected ten samples, cytopathic effects (CPE) characterized by syncytia and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed after several blind passages. Nucleotide sequence of complete p32 gene using randomly selected two isolates and three clinical specimens revealed presence of Goat pox virus (GTPV)-specific signature residues in all the sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using the present five sequences along with GenBank data of GTPV complete p32 gene sequences showed all the GTPV sequences cluster together except Pellor strain (NC004003) and FZ Chinese strain (KC951854). The five sequences either from WB or TN cluster more closely with GTPV isolates of Maharashtra state that were responsible for cross species outbreak of pox disease in both sheep (KF468759) and goats (KF468762) in India during the year 2010. All the Indian goat pox viruses, including the Mukteswar strain, isolated in 1946 and sequence reported in 2004 clustered together with the GTPVs causing the recent outbreaks. It was observed that GTPVs caused similar clinical manifestation irrespective of their geographical locations and breed characteristics, no variation observed among the Indian isolates based on p32 gene over the period of seventy years and disease outbreaks could not be observed or reported in vaccinated goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roy
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - S Jaisree
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - R Mahaprabhu
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - A Mishra
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - B Maity
- Animal Resource Department, Regional Laboratory, Burdwan, India
| | - T K Ghosh
- Animal Resource Department, Regional Laboratory, Burdwan, India
| | - A P Karmakar
- Animal Resource Department, Veterinary Pathological Laboratory, Bishnupur, India
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Balakrishnan S, Parthasarathy S, Kamalakannan A, SenthilKuppusamy K, Gopalakrishnan C. A Noval Method to Develop Paste Formulation of Trichoderma harzianum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Balakrishnan S, Santhanam P, Srinivasan M. Larvicidal potency of marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove environment against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:387-394. [PMID: 28615847 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine soil samples were collected from different locations of Parangipettai mangrove ecosystem, Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. Totally 30 different marine actinobacteria were isolated by serial dilution plate technique on starch casein agar medium. The isolated actinobacteria were investigated for their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Streptomyces fungicidicus, S. griseus, S. albus, S. alboflavus and S. rochei were identified as potential biocide producers. Based on the antimicrobial activity, five strains were chosen for larvicidal and pupicidal activity. Among the crude extracts tested, the S. alboflavus extract showed significant activity against Ae. aegypti (LC50 1.48 ± 0.09 and LC90 3.33 ± 0.22) and An. stephensi (LC50 1.30 ± 0.09 and LC90 3.13 ± 0.21). Five isolates have shown a most significant mortality rate of the Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquito larvae. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of Japanese encephalitis vectors, Ae. aegypti and malarial vector An. stephensi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | - P Santhanam
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | - M Srinivasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608 502 India
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Kamalakannan K, Balakrishnan S, Sampathkumar P. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in marine sediments along Nagapattinam - Pondicherry coastal waters, Southeast coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 117:492-495. [PMID: 28153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, petroleum hydrocarbons were statistically analyzed in three different coastal sediment cores viz., (N1, P1 and P2) from the Southeast coast of Tamil Nadu, India to examine the viability of PHCs. The significant positive relationship between mud (silt+clay+sand) and PHC unveiled that high specific surface of area of mud content raise the level of PHCs. Cluster analysis was used to discriminate the sediment samples based on their degree of contamination. The present study shows that instead of expensive and destructive PHC chemical methods, magnetic susceptibility is found to be a suitable, cheap and rapid method for detailed study of PHC in marine sediments. This baseline PHCs data can be used for regular ecological monitoring and effective management for the mining and tourism related activities in the coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamalakannan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India; Marine Planktonology & Aquaculture Lab., Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Priya ES, Kumar TS, Singh PR, Balakrishnan S, Arunakaran J. Impact of Lactational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Causes Epigenetic Modification and Impairs Sertoli Cells Functional Regulators in F1 Progeny. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:818-829. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117699707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Sugantha Priya
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Sathish Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Raja Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Balakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vasant DH, Solanki K, Balakrishnan S, Radhakrishnan NV. Integrated low-intensity biofeedback therapy in fecal incontinence: evidence that "good" in-home anal sphincter exercise practice makes perfect. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27440584 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofeedback therapy (BFT) is an established treatment for fecal incontinence (FI), with access often being restricted to tertiary centers due to resources and the perceived requirement for high-intensity regimes. However, the optimal regime remains unknown. We evaluated outcomes from our low-intensity integrated BFT program in a secondary care center. METHODS Outcomes of our BFT service for FI were evaluated retrospectively. Response was defined by ≥50% improvement in FI frequency from baseline or complete continence. Responders were compared to non-responders for factors including symptoms, manometry data, sphincter exercise technique and duration of practice, and the number and frequency of sessions. Where patients dropped out, outcomes and the reason for dropout were obtained retrospectively. KEY RESULTS Fecal incontinence patients (n=205, median 62 years, 72% female) attended a median (IQR) 3 (2) BFT sessions with 55 (36) days between visits. Overall, 146/205 (71%) responded with 97/205 (47%) achieving continence. Fecal incontinence frequency improved dramatically in completed cases (P=0.000). While non-response was associated with males (P=0.03) and dropout (P=0.000), "good" anal sphincter exercise technique (P=0.008) and longer in-home practice (P=0.007) and more sessions (P=0.04) were associated with response. Dropout rate was 80/205 (39%), with the reason for dropout being obtained in 80%. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Despite low-intensity BFT, comparable outcomes to data from tertiary centers were achieved. Our data emphasize the importance of technique and in-home practice of anal sphincter exercises. Customizing BFT intensity based on predictive factors and encouraging in-home practice may optimize outcomes, reduce dropout rates, and rationalize resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Vasant
- GI Physiology and Gastroenterology Departments, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Greater Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Solanki
- GI Physiology and Gastroenterology Departments, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - S Balakrishnan
- GI Physiology and Gastroenterology Departments, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - N V Radhakrishnan
- GI Physiology and Gastroenterology Departments, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
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35
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Singh PR, Priya ES, Balakrishnan S, Arunkumar R, Sharmila G, Rajalakshmi M, Arunakaran J. Nimbolide inhibits androgen independent prostate cancer cells survival and proliferation by modulating multiple pro-survival signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1623-1634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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36
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Sizemore GM, Balakrishnan S, Hammer AM, Thies KA, Trimboli AJ, Wallace JA, Sizemore ST, Kladney RD, Woelke SA, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Chakravarti A, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Stromal PTEN inhibits the expansion of mammary epithelial stem cells through Jagged-1. Oncogene 2016; 36:2297-2308. [PMID: 27797378 PMCID: PMC5398932 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts within the mammary tumor microenvironment are active participants in carcinogenesis mediating both tumor initiation and progression. Our group has previously demonstrated that genetic loss of PTEN in mammary fibroblasts induces an oncogenic secretome that remodels the extracellular milieu accelerating ErbB2-driven mammary tumor progression. While these prior studies highlighted a tumor suppressive role for stromal PTEN, how the adjacent normal epithelium transforms in response to PTEN loss was not previously addressed. To identify these early events, we have evaluated both phenotypic and genetic changes within the pre-neoplastic mammary epithelium of mice with and without stromal PTEN expression. We report that fibroblast-specific PTEN deletion greatly restricts mammary ductal elongation and induces aberrant alveolar side-branching. These mice concomitantly exhibit an expansion of the mammary epithelial stem cell (MaSC) enriched basal/myoepithelial population and an increase in in vitro stem cell activity. Further analysis revealed that NOTCH signaling, specifically through NOTCH3, is diminished in these cells. Mechanistically, JAGGED-1, a transmembrane ligand for the NOTCH receptor, is downregulated in the PTEN-null fibroblasts leading to a loss in the paracrine activation of NOTCH signaling from the surrounding stroma. Reintroduction of JAGGED-1 expression within the PTEN-null fibroblasts was sufficient to abrogate the observed increase in colony forming activity implying a direct role for stromal JAGGED-1 in regulation of mammary stem cell properties. Importantly, breast cancer patients whose tumors express both low stromal JAG1 and low stromal PTEN exhibit a shorter time to recurrence than those whose tumors express low levels of either alone suggesting similar stromal signaling in advanced disease. Combined, these results unveil a novel stromal PTEN-to-JAGGED-1 axis in maintaining the mammary epithelial stem cell niche, and subsequently inhibiting breast cancer initiation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Balakrishnan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A M Hammer
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K A Thies
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A J Trimboli
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J A Wallace
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S T Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R D Kladney
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S A Woelke
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Leone
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M C Ostrowski
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Balakrishnan S, Bhat FA, Raja Singh P, Mukherjee S, Elumalai P, Das S, Patra CR, Arunakaran J. Gold nanoparticle-conjugated quercetin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and invasiveness via EGFR/VEGFR-2-mediated pathway in breast cancer. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:678-697. [PMID: 27641938 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidermal growth factor plays a critical role in breast malignancies by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process by which epithelial cells lose polarity and acquire migratory mesenchymal properties. Gold nanoparticles are an efficient drug delivery vehicle for carrying chemotherapeutic agents to target cancer cells and quercetin is an anti-oxidative flavonoid known with potent anti-malignant cell activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and protein expression was examined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cell invasion was monitored using invasion chambers, and cell migration was analysed by scratch wound-healing assay. In vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis studies were performed by capillary-like tube formation assay and chick embryo angiogenesis assay (CEA). 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in protein expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, Twist, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-EGFR, VEGFR-2, p-PI3K, Akt and p-GSK3β, and enhanced E-cadherin protein expression in response to AuNPs-Qu-5 treatment. AuNPs-Qu-5 inhibited migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to free quercetin. AuNPs-Qu-5-treated HUVECs had reduced cell viability and capillary-like tube formation. In vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays showed that AuNPs-Qu-5 suppressed tube and new blood vessel formation. Treatment with AuNPs-Qu-5 impeded tumour growth in DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in SD rats compared to treatment with free quercetin. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AuNPs-Qu-5 inhibited EMT, angiogenesis and metastasis of the breast cancer cells tested by targeting the EGFR/VEGFR-2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - F A Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - P Raja Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - P Elumalai
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - S Das
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - C R Patra
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - J Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India.
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Balakrishnan S, Aamar A, Rhee S, Zakaria S, Khaliq W. Gram-negative infection as an unusual cause of endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient. Med J Malaysia 2016; 71:152-153. [PMID: 27495894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative endocarditis is rare and it has high mortality if there is a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Gram-negative organisms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of IE in hemodialysis patients. Central lineassociated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) can be prevented by following sterile measures during catheter insertion and proper management of catheter site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Grantham & Kesteeven Hospital, Trauma & Orthopedics Department, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom.
| | - A Aamar
- Yale-Waterbury Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Waterbury, Connecticut, United State of America
| | - S Rhee
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - S Zakaria
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - W Khaliq
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
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Balakrishnan S, Hasegawa L, Eastmond DA. The role of urinary pH in o-phenylphenol-induced cytotoxicity and chromosomal damage in the bladders of F344 rats. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; 57:210-219. [PMID: 26919225 DOI: 10.1002/em.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
o-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a widely used fungicide and antibacterial agent that at high doses has been shown to cause bladder cancer in male F344 rats. The mechanisms underlying OPP-induced bladder carcinogenicity remain unclear but it has been proposed that a non-enzymatic pH-dependent autoxidation of phenylhydroquinone (PHQ), a primary metabolite of OPP, may be a key step in OPP-induced rat bladder carcinogenesis. To investigate this mechanism and to provide insights into the potential human health relevance of OPP-induced cancer, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In human lymphoblastoid TK-6 cells and rat bladder epithelial NBT-II cells, strong increases in cytotoxicity were seen at a constant concentration of PHQ by increasing the buffer pH as well as by increasing concentrations of PHQ at a constant pH. In in vivo studies, male rats were administered OPP (4,000 and 8,000 ppm) in a diet supplemented with either 1% ammonium chloride or 3% sodium bicarbonate to produce acidic and alkaline urinary pH, respectively. Significant increases in cell proliferation as detected by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and micronucleus formation were seen in the bladder cells of OPP-treated rats with neutral or alkaline urinary pH but not in animals with the acidified urine. The results from these in vitro and in vivo studies provide support for the autoxidation hypothesis of bioactivation, and provide additional evidence that urinary pH can significantly influence the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of this important agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - L Hasegawa
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - D A Eastmond
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
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Chen H, Verheyen P, De Heyn P, Lepage G, De Coster J, Balakrishnan S, Absil P, Yao W, Shen L, Roelkens G, Van Campenhout J. -1 V bias 67 GHz bandwidth Si-contacted germanium waveguide p-i-n photodetector for optical links at 56 Gbps and beyond. Opt Express 2016; 24:4622-4631. [PMID: 29092290 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 67 GHz bandwidth silicon-contacted germanium waveguide p-i-n photodetector operating at -1 V with 6.8 fF capacitance. The dark current is below 4 nA. The responsivity is 0.74 A/W at 1550 nm and 0.93 A/W at 1310 nm wavelength. 56 Gbps on-off-keying data reception is demonstrated with clear open eye diagrams in both the C-band and O-band.
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Goga A, Camarda R, Zhou AY, Kohnz RA, Balakrishnan S, Anderton B, Mahieu C, Eyob H, Krings G, Nomura DK. Abstract PD3-05: Inhibition of fatty-acid oxidation as a therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-pd3-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Expression of the oncogenic transcription factor MYC is disproportionately elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to estrogen, progesterone and/or human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor-positive (RP) breast tumors. We and others have shown that MYC alters metabolism during tumorigenesis. However, the role of MYC in TNBC metabolism remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that pharmacologic inhibition of MYC-driven metabolic pathways may serve as a therapeutic strategy for this clinically challenging subtype of breast cancer. Using an unbiased metabolomics approach, we identified fatty acid oxidation intermediates as dramatically up-regulated in MYC-driven models of TNBC. A lipid metabolism gene signature was identified in patients with TNBC in the TCGA and multiple other clinical datasets, implicating fatty acid oxidation as a deregulated pathway critical for TNBC metabolism. We find that MYC-overexpressing TNBC, including transgenic models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX), display increased bioenergetic reliance upon fatty-acid oxidation (FAO). Pharmacologic inhibition of FAO catastrophically decreases energy metabolism of MYC over-expressing breast cancer, blocks growth of a MYC-driven transgenic TNBC model and MYC-overexpressing patient-derived xenografts. In vivo inhibition of FAO induced proliferation arrest and increased cell death in PDX models of TNBC. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of FAO is a novel therapeutic strategy against TNBCs that over-express MYC.
Citation Format: Goga A, Camarda R, Zhou AY, Kohnz RA, Balakrishnan S, Anderton B, Mahieu C, Eyob H, Krings G, Nomura DK. Inhibition of fatty-acid oxidation as a therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD3-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goga
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - R Camarda
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - AY Zhou
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - RA Kohnz
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - S Balakrishnan
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - B Anderton
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - C Mahieu
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - H Eyob
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - G Krings
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
| | - DK Nomura
- University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Berkeley
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Balakrishnan S, Reddy VM, Nagarajan R. Ultrasonic coal washing to leach alkali elements from coals. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 27:235-240. [PMID: 26186840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of fly ash particles onto heat-transfer surfaces is often one of the reasons for unscheduled shut-downs of coal-fired boilers. Fouling deposits encountered in convective sections of a boiler are characterized by arrival of ash particles in solidified (solid) state. Fouling is most frequently caused by condensation and chemical reaction of alkali vapors with the deposited ash particles creating a wet surface conducive to collect impacting ash particles. Hence, the amount of alkali elements present in coals, which, in turn, is available in the flue gas as condensable vapors, determines the formation and growth of fouling deposits. In this context, removal of alkali elements becomes vital when inferior coals having high-ash content are utilized for power generation. With the concept of reducing alkali elements present in a coal entering the combustor, whereby the fouling deposits can either be minimized or be weakened due to absence of alkali gluing effect, the ultrasonic leaching of alkali elements from coals is investigated in this study. Ultrasonic water-washing and chemical-washing, in comparison with agitation, are studied in order to estimate the intensification of the alkali removal process by sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - V Midhun Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Balakrishnan S, Vasudevan N, Ranganathan L, Govindarajan S, Arjundas D, Bhanu K. Study on clinical, MRI and Bbopsy correlation in inherited muscle disease. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vasudevan N, Balakrishnan S, Ranganathan L, Leemapauline C, Arjundas D, Bhanu K. A case series of Joubert syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nair S, Kumari AK, Subramonianpillai J, Shabna DS, Kumar SM, Balakrishnan S, Naik B, Kumar AMV, Isaakidis P, Satyanarayana S. High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among tuberculosis patients in peripheral health facilities in Kerala. Public Health Action 2015; 3:S38-42. [PMID: 26393068 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Two tertiary care hospitals and 12 peripheral health institutions (PHIs) in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) patients and examine differences in the proportion of new DM cases among TB patients diagnosed at tertiary care centres and PHIs. DESIGN A descriptive study: TB patients diagnosed during March-September 2012 were screened for known DM. Those with unknown DM status were tested for random blood glucose and fasting blood glucose (FBG); FBG ≥ 126 mg/dl was diagnosed as new DM. RESULTS Of 920 TB patients, 689 (72%) were male and the mean (standard deviation) age was 47.6 (16.4) years. Of these, 298 (32.4%) were diabetic: 235 (26%) had previously known DM and 63 (7%) were newly diagnosed. During the screening at PHIs and tertiary care hospitals, respectively 30/183 (16.4%) and 33/737 (4.5%) were newly diagnosed with DM (OR 3.71; 95%CI 2.17-6.32). Overall, age >50 years and pulmonary tuberculosis were independently associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSION As nearly one in three TB patients had DM, we recommend that TB patients should be routinely screened for DM in Kerala. As the proportion of new DM was higher among TB patients diagnosed at PHIs, we would recommend that specific attention and investment be directed to PHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nair
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - A K Kumari
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - D S Shabna
- Directorate of Health Services, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S M Kumar
- Directorate of Health Services, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- World Health Organization Country Office in India, New Delhi, India
| | - B Naik
- World Health Organization Country Office in India, New Delhi, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - P Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg
| | - S Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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Goel NK, Pathak R, Gulati S, Balakrishnan S, Singh N, Singh H. Surveillance of bacteriological quality of drinking water in Chandigarh, northern India. J Water Health 2015; 13:931-938. [PMID: 26322778 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out in Chandigarh, India with the following objectives: (1) to monitor the bacteriological quality of drinking water; (2) to collect data on bacteriological contamination of water collected at point of use; (3) to test both groundwater being supplied through hand pumps and pre-treated water; and (4) to determine the pattern of seasonal variations in quality of water. The community-based longitudinal study was carried out from 2002 to 2007. Water samples from hand pumps and tap water were collected from different areas of Chandigarh following a simple random sampling strategy. The time trends and seasonal variations in contamination of water according to area and season were analysed. It was found that the contamination of water was higher during the pre-monsoon period compared with the rest of the year. The water being used in slums and rural areas for drinking purposes also had higher contamination levels than urban areas, with highest levels in rural areas. This study found that drinking water supply in Chandigarh is susceptible to contamination especially in rural areas and during pre-monsoon. Active intervention from public health and the health department along with raising people's awareness regarding water hygiene are required for improving the quality of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India E-mail:
| | - Rambha Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Gulati
- Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Centre for Public Health, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India E-mail:
| | - Hardeep Singh
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Balakrishnan S, Indira K, Srinivasan M. Mosquitocidal properties of Bacillus species isolated from mangroves of Vellar estuary, Southeast coast of India. J Parasit Dis 2015; 39:385-92. [PMID: 26345039 PMCID: PMC4554596 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples collected from the mangroves of Vellar estuary yielded a mosquitocidal bacterium, whose secondary metabolites exhibited mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity. The bacterium was isolated using standard microbiological methods and identified using classical biochemical tests. The mosquitocidal bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus cereus. Mosquitocidal metabolite(s) was separated from the culture supernatant of the bacterium and its efficacy was against the larval and pupal stages of two different species of mosquitoes and determined in terms of LC50 and LC90. Mosquito larvicidal activity in terms of LC50 against Anopheleus stephensi and Aedes aegypti was 4.374 and 7.406 μl/ml and its pupicidal activity was 4.928 and 9.865 μl/ml, respectively. The present study proved that the mosquitocidal properties of the Bacillus species isolated from mangroves of Vellar estuary was evaluated as target species of mosquito vectors. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Balakrishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu INDIA
| | - K. Indira
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu INDIA
| | - M. Srinivasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu INDIA
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Periyasamy N, Srinivasan M, Balakrishnan S. Antimicrobial activities of the tissue extracts of Babylonia spirata Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Thazhanguda, southeast coast of India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:36-40. [PMID: 23569831 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the tissue extracts of Babylonia spirata (B. spirata) against nine bacterial and three fungal pathogens. METHODS Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. Antibacterial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method and in vitro antifungal activity was determined against Czapex Dox agar. The antimicrobial activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod extract. Molecular size of muscle protein was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). And fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectro photometry analysis was also studied. RESULTS The maximum inhibition zone (12 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the crude ethanol extract of B. spirata and the minimum inhibition zone (2 mm) was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus in the crude methanol extract of B. spirata. Water extract of B. spirata showed the highest activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Ethanol, acetone, methanol, chloroform and water extracts showed antimicrobial activity against almost all the bacteria and fungus. Compared with water extracts, ethanol and methanol extracts showed higher activity against all pathogens. The molecular weight of protein of the gastropod sample ranged from 2-110 kDa on SDS-PAGE. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds signals at different ranges. CONCLUSIONS The research shows that the great medicinal value of the gastropod muscle of B. spirata may be due to high quality of antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Periyasamy
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Elumalai P, Brindha Mercy A, Arunkamar R, Sharmila G, Bhat FA, Balakrishnan S, Raja Singh P, Arunakaran J. Nimbolide inhibits invasion and migration, and down-regulates uPAR chemokine gene expression, in two breast cancer cell lines. Cell Prolif 2015; 47:540-52. [PMID: 25377085 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women, worldwide. Urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Nimbolide is a potent cytotoxic limnoid isolated from Azadirachta indica. Our previous studies have shown that nimbolide elicits pleiotropic effects on breast cancer cells; however, its roles in invasion and migration have not previously been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein expression of pEGFR, VEGFR, NFκB, IKKα, IKKβ, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were analysed by western blotting. We also analysed expressions of uPA, uPAR genes and chemokines by real-time PCR. Breast cancer cell invasion was assessed by transwell invasion assay and cell migration analysed by scratch wound healing assay. RESULTS Our results showed that reduced protein expression of pEGFR, VEGFR, NFκB, IKKα, β, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 was higher in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cells. mRNA expression of uPA, uPAR, chemokines and their receptors were also significantly reduced in response to nimbolide treatment. Nimbolide inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion as shown in transwell invasion and wound healing assays. CONCLUSION These results clearly proved inhibitory effects of nimbolide on tumour cell invasion and migration by down-regulating proteins critically involved in regulation of cell invasion and metastasis, suggesting a possible therapeutic role of nimbolide for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Elumalai
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, India
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50
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Häfner V, Schindler J, Weik N, Mayer T, Balakrishnan S, Narayanan R, Bera S, Evers F. Density of states in graphene with vacancies: midgap power law and frozen multifractality. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:186802. [PMID: 25396386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The density of states ϱ(E) of graphene is investigated numerically and within the self-consistent T-matrix approximation in the presence of vacancies within the tight binding model. The focus is on compensated disorder, where the concentration of vacancies n(A) and n(B) in both sublattices is the same. Formally, this model belongs to the chiral symmetry class BDI. The onlinear sigma model predicts for BDI a Gade-type singularity ϱ(E)∼|E|(-1)exp[-|log(E)|(-1/x)]. Our numerical data are comparable to this result in a preasymptotic regime that gives way, however, at even lower energies to ϱ(E)∼E(-1)|log(E)|(-x̃), 1≤x̃<2. We take this finding as evidence that, similar to the case of dirty d-wave superconductors, generic bipartite random hopping models may also exhibit unconventional (strong-coupling) fixed points for certain kinds of randomly placed scatterers if these are strong enough. Our research suggests that graphene with (effective) vacancy disorder is a physical representative of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Häfner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Schindler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Weik
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Mayer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Bera
- Institute Néel and Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Evers
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany and Center of Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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