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Joshi R, Medhi B, Prakash A, Chandy S, Ranjalkar J, Bright HR, Basker J, Govindraj L, Chugh PK, Tripathi CD, Badyal DK, Balakrishnan S, Jhaj R, Shukla AK, Atal S, Najmi A, Banerjee A, Kamat S, Tripathi RK, Shetty YC, Parmar U, Rege N, Dikshit H, Mishra H, Roy SS, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Bhattacharya M, Das D, Trivedi N, Shah P, Chauhan J, Desai C, Gandhi AM, Patel PP, Shah S, Sheth S, Raveendran R, Mathaiyan J, Manikandan S, Jeevitha G, Gupta P, Sarangi SC, Yadav HN, Singh S, Kaushal S, Arora S, Gupta K, Jain S, Cherian JJ, Chatterjee NS, Kaul R, Kshirsagar NA. Assessment of prescribing pattern of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per the World Health Organization prescribing indicators in various Indian tertiary care centers: A multicentric study by Rational Use of Medicines Centers-Indian Council of Medical Research network under National Virtual Centre Clinical Pharmacology activity. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:321-328. [PMID: 36537400 PMCID: PMC9846909 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_976_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rational use of medicines as per the World Health Organization (WHO) should be practiced globally. However, data regarding the completeness of the prescriptions and their rational use is lacking from developing countries like India. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per WHO core drug use and complementary indicators to provide real-life examples for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) online prescribing skill course for medical graduates. METHODS Prescriptions of the patients, fulfilling inclusion criteria, attending Outpatient Departments of various specialties of tertiary care hospitals, were collected by thirteen ICMR Rational use of medicines centers located in tertiary care hospitals, throughout India. Prescriptions were evaluated for rational use of medicines according to the WHO guidelines and for appropriateness as per standard treatment guidelines using a common protocol approved by local Ethics committees. RESULTS Among 4838 prescriptions, an average of about three drugs (3.34) was prescribed to the patients per prescription. Polypharmacy was noted in 83.05% of prescriptions. Generic drugs were prescribed in 47.58% of the prescriptions. Further, antimicrobials were prescribed in 17.63% of the prescriptions and only 4.98% of prescriptions were with injectables. During the prescription evaluation, 38.65% of the prescriptions were incomplete due to multiple omissions such as dose, duration, and formulation. CONCLUSION Most of the parameters in the present study were out of the range of WHO-recommended prescribing indicators. Therefore, effective intervention program, like training, for the promotion of rational drug use practice was recommended to improve the prescribing pattern of drugs and the quality of prescriptions all over the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Medhi B, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - A Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Ranjalkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - HR Bright
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Basker
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Govindraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PK Chugh
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - CD Tripathi
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - DK Badyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - R Jhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - AK Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Atal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - S Kamat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RK Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - YC Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - U Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Rege
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Dikshit
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - H Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SS Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - N Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - C Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - AM Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - PP Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - R Raveendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - J Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G Jeevitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - SC Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - HN Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaushal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - JJ Cherian
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NS Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kaul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - NA Kshirsagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Anastasiou-Nana M, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Ripoll C, Cosin-Sales J, Igual B, Salazar J, Belloch V, Cosin-Aguilar J, Pennell DJ, Masaki M, Pulido JN, Yuasa T, Gillespie S, Afessa B, Brown DR, Mankad SV, Oh JK, Gurghean AL, Mihailescu AM, Tudor I, Homentcovschi C, Muraru M, Bruckner IV, Correia CE, Rodrigues B, Moreira D, Santos LF, Gama P, Dionisio O, Cabral C, Santos O, Bombardini T, Gherardi S, Arpesella G, Valente S, Calamai I, Pasanisi E, Sansoni S, Picano E, Szymanski P, Dobrowolski P, Lipczynska M, Klisiewicz A, Hoffman P, Stepowski D, Kurtz B, Grezis-Soulie G, Savoure A, Anselme F, Bauer F, Castillo J, Herszkowicz N, Ferreira C, Goscinska A, Mizia-Stec K, Gasior Z, Mizia M, Haberka M, Chmiel A, Poborski W, Azevedo O, Quelhas I, Guardado J, Fernandes M, Miranda CS, Gaspar P, Lourenco A, Medeiros R, Almeida J, L Bennani S, Algalarrondo V, Dinanian S, Guiader J, Juin C, Adams D, Slama MS, Onaindia JJ, Quintana O, Velasco S, Astigarraga E, Cacicedo A, Gonzalez J, Rodriguez I, Sadaba M, 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O, Polombo C, Carerj S, Hughes A, Vinereanu D, Gutierrez FR, Lefhtheriotis G, Fraser AG, Hurst RT, Nelson MR, Mookadam F, Thota V, Emani U, Al Harthi M, Stepanek J, Cha S, Lester SJ, Ho EMM, Hemeryck L, Hall M, Scott K, Bennett K, Mahmud A, Daly C, King G, Murphy RT, Brown AS, Teske AJ, D'Hooge J, Claus P, Rademakers F, Voigt JU, Santos L, Cortez-Dias N, Silva D, Silva Marques J, Ribeiro S, Goncalves S, Almeida Ribeiro M, Robalo Martins S, Bordalo E Sa A, Lopes MG, Teske AJ, D'Hooge J, Claus P, Rademakers F, Voigt JU, Magnino C, Marcos-Alberca P, Milan A, Nunez-Gil I, Almeria C, Caniadas V, Rodrigo JL, Perez De Isla L, Macaya C, Zamorano JL, Gustafsson U, Larsson M, Bjallmark A, Lindqvist P, Brodin L, Waldenstrom A, Roosens B, Hernot S, Droogmans S, Van Camp G, Lahoutte T, Lancellotti P, Cosyns B, Ho EMM, Scott K, Hemeryck L, Hall M, Bennett K, Mahmud A, Daly C, King G, Murphy RT, Brown AS, Rao CM, Aguglia D, Casciola G, Imbesi C, Marvelli A, Sgro M, Benedetto D, Tripepi R, Zoccali C, Benedetto FA, Muraru D, Badano LP, Cardillo M, Del Mestre L, Gianfagna P, Proclemer A, Tschernich HD, Mora B, Base E, Weber U, Dumfarth J, Mukherjee C, Skaltsiotis HS, Kaladaridis AK, Bramos DB, Kottis GK, Antoniou AA, Agrios IA, Takos DT, Vasiladiotis NV, Pamboucas KP, Toumanidis STT, Shim A, Kasprzak JD, Lipec P, Michalski B, Wozniakowski B, Stefanczyk L, Rotkiewicz A, Cameli M, Lisi M, Padeletti M, Bigio E, Bernazzali S, Tsoulpas C, Maccherini M, Henein M, Mondillo S, Garcia Lunar I, Mingo Santos S, Monivas Palomero V, Mitroi C, Beltran Correas P, Ruiz Bautista L, Muniz Lozano A, Gonzalez Gonzalez M, Pabari PA, Stegemann B, Willson K, Kyriacou A, Moraldo M, Mayet J, Hughes A, Francis DP, Zeppellini R, Iavernaro A, Zadro M, Carasi M, De Domenico R, Rigo T, Artuso E, Erente G, Ramondo A, Le TT, Huang FQ, Gu Y, Tan RS. Poster session II * Thursday 9 December 2010, 14:00-18:00. European Journal of Echocardiography 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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