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Maeshige N, Langston PK, Yuan ZM, Kondo H, Fujino H. High-intensity ultrasound irradiation promotes the release of extracellular vesicles from C2C12 myotubes. ULTRASONICS 2021; 110:106243. [PMID: 32961400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important secretory organ in mammals, producing myriad chemical mediators ("myokines") with distinct biological action in different tissues, including anti-inflammatory activity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been identified as a mode of myokine transport from muscle, facilitating such anti-inflammatory activity. In this report, we have demonstrated that high-intensity ultrasound (US) strongly induces EV secretion from cultured myotubes without a reduction in cell viability. High-intensity US of 3.0 W/cm2 with 20% duty cycle increased the number of EVs by 2-fold compared to control at 6 h. This effect was specific to EVs in the 100-150 nm size range. Thus, high-intensity US is a novel modality for inducing myocellular EV release and may hold therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | - P Kent Langston
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Yu H, Lin Z, Xu L, Liu D, Shen Y. Theoretical study of microbubble dynamics in sonoporation. ULTRASONICS 2015; 61:136-144. [PMID: 25957067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation is a promising technology for promoting the transfer of drug or gene into cells using ultrasound-mediated microbubbles that transiently break up the cell membrane. In this article, a model is established to analyze the dynamics of ultrasound-mediated microbubble near the cell membrane, which may be especially useful for understanding the mechanisms of sonoporation. In the model, the velocity potential of fluid on the microbubble surface and on the cell membrane is obtained by the unsteady Bernoulli equations, and it is solved by using the boundary integral equations. By numerically analyzing the model, the typical microbubble dynamics near the cell membrane are enumerated, which may be mainly governed by mechanical index. The model also established the connections among the parameters of ultrasound exposure, microbubble characteristics, and cell membrane properties in sonoporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongshi Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518056, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518056, China
| | - Dalong Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Tsai WB, Lai HY, Lee JL, Lo CW, Chen WS. Enhancement of the cytotoxicity and selectivity of doxorubicin to hepatoma cells by synergistic combination of galactose-decorated γ-poly(glutamic acid) nanoparticles and low-intensity ultrasound. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5510-5517. [PMID: 24754730 DOI: 10.1021/la500352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific drug delivery to solid tumors remains one of the challenges in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to combine three drug-targeting strategies, polymer-drug conjugate, ligand presentation and ultrasound treatment, to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of doxorubicin (DXR) to hepatoma cells. The conjugation of DXR to γ-poly(glutamic acids) (γ-PGA) decreased the cytotoxicity of DXR, while the conjugation of galactosamine (Gal) to the γ-PGA-DXR conjugate restored the cytotoxic efficacy of DXR on hepatoma cells due to increased uptake of DXR. Furthermore, low-intensity ultrasound treatment increased the cell-killing ability of γ-PGA-DXR conjugates by 20%. The in vitro results showed the potential of the γ-PGA-DXR-Gal conjugate for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Inserra C, Labelle P, Der Loughian C, Lee JL, Fouqueray M, Ngo J, Poizat A, Desjouy C, Munteanu B, Lo CW, Vanbelle C, Rieu JP, Chen WS, Béra JC. Monitoring and control of inertial cavitation activity for enhancing ultrasound transfection: The SonInCaRe project. Ing Rech Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee JL, Lo CW, Inserra C, Béra JC, Chen WS. Ultrasound enhanced PEI-mediated gene delivery through increasing the intracellular calcium level and PKC-δ protein expression. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2354-66. [PMID: 24623478 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer, has been shown to aggregate plasmid DNA and facilitate its internalization. It has also been shown that combining ultrasound (US) with PEI could enhance and prolong in vitro and in vivo transgene expression. However, the role US in the enhancement of PEI uptake is poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of US on PEI-mediated gene transfection. METHODS Specific endocytosis pathway siRNA, including clathrin HC siRNA, caveolin-1 siRNA and protein kinase C-delta (PKC-δ) siRNA, are used to block the corresponding endocytosis pathways prior to the transfection of luciferase DNA/PEI polyplexes to cultured cells by 1-MHz pulsed US with ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue®. RESULTS Transgene expression was found not to be enhanced by US treatment in the presence of the PKC-δ siRNA. We further demonstrated that PKC-δ protein could be enhanced at 6 h after US exposure. Moreover, intracellular calcium levels were found to be significantly increased at 3 h after US exposure, while transgene expressions were significantly reduced in the presence of calcium channel blockers both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that US enhanced PEI-mediated gene transfection specifically by increasing PKC-δ related fluid phase endocytosis, which was induced by increasing the intracellular calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Lin Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lo CW, Desjouy C, Chen SR, Lee JL, Inserra C, Béra JC, Chen WS. Stabilizing in vitro ultrasound-mediated gene transfection by regulating cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:833-839. [PMID: 24216067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that acoustic cavitation can facilitate the inward transport of genetic materials across cell membranes (sonoporation). However, partially due to the unstationary behavior of the initiation and leveling of cavitation, the sonoporation effect is usually unstable, especially in low intensity conditions. A system which is able to regulate the cavitation level during sonication by modulating the applied acoustic intensity with a feedback loop is implemented and its effect on in vitro gene transfection is tested. The regulated system provided better time stability and reproducibility of the cavitation levels than the unregulated conditions. Cultured hepatoma cells (BNL) mixed with 10 μg luciferase plasmids are exposed to 1-MHz pulsed ultrasound with or without cavitation regulation, and the gene transfection efficiency and cell viability are subsequently assessed. Experimental results show that for all exposure intensities (low, medium, and high), stable and intensity dependent, although not higher, gene expression could be achieved in the regulated cavitation system than the unregulated conditions. The cavitation regulation system provides a better control of cavitation and its bioeffect which are crucial important for clinical applications of ultrasound-mediated gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Yang SJ, Chang SM, Tsai KC, Tsai HM, Chen WS, Shieh MJ. Enhancement of chitosan nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfection by ultrasound both in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1746-54. [PMID: 22807265 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, inefficiency of transfection and the lack of safe gene vectors have limited the feasibility of gene therapy. Fabrication of a vector that is safe and has high transfection efficiency is crucial for the development of successful gene therapies. Herein, we complexed chitosan to plasmids at various N/P ratios, the molar ratios of the amino groups of chitosan to the phosphate groups of DNA, to create chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (CDNs), and then measured CDNs size, zeta-potential, efficiency of plasmid complexation, and plasmid integrity from enzyme digestion. We also used flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to examine the effect of an ultrasound (US) regimen on the efficiency of transfection of HeLa cells. The results revealed that the average size, zeta-potential, and loading efficiency of plasmid DNA in CDNs were 180-200 nm, 26-35 mV, and greater than 80%, respectively. Moreover, the transgene expression could be enhanced efficiently while HeLa cells or tumor tissues were given CDNs and then treated with US. Therefore, the use of chitosan nanoparticles and an US regimen shows great promise as an effective method of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Lee JL, Lo CW, Ka SM, Chen A, Chen WS. Prolonging the expression duration of ultrasound-mediated gene transfection using PEI nanoparticles. J Control Release 2012; 160:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Paula DMB, Valero-Lapchik VB, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Han SW. Therapeutic ultrasound promotes plasmid DNA uptake by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Gene Med 2011; 13:392-401. [PMID: 21721075 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound (US) has been widely used to improve the efficiency of nonviral vector transfection. The mechanism of plasmid uptake is usually attributed to sonoporation, although there is not clear evidence for this attribution. Based on our previous results, we hypothesized that other mechanisms, such as endocytosis, could be involved in this process. METHODS NIH3T3 cells were transfected with plasmid vector pEGFP-N3 (4.7 kb) using a therapeutic US without microbubbles. Bioeffects such as calcium influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and membrane potential alterations were accessed with fluorescent dyes in real-time by confocal microscopy after US insonation. Localization of labeled plasmid DNA in cells was also monitored with endocytosis markers using an immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS US at 2 W/cm(2) with a duty-cycle of 20% for 30 s resulted in approximately 40% transfection efficiency but, at 1 W/cm(2) , resulted in a very low level of transfection. Both the production of ROS and calcium influx were augmented during the insonation, although they were stopped soon after turning off US, with the exception of calcium influx with 1 W/cm(2) . US also changed the cell membrane potential to the hyperpolarization state, which returned to the normal state soon after insonation. Labeled plasmids DNA could be co-localized with clathrin-mediated endocytosis marker but not with caveolin-1. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that plasmid DNA uptake promoted by US should occur via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Phillips LC, Klibanov AL, Wamhoff BR, Hossack JA. Targeted gene transfection from microbubbles into vascular smooth muscle cells using focused, ultrasound-mediated delivery. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:1470-80. [PMID: 20800174 PMCID: PMC2930891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a method for gene delivery to vascular smooth muscle cells using ultrasound triggered delivery of plasmid DNA from electrostatically coupled cationic microbubbles. Microbubbles carrying reporter plasmid DNA were acoustically ruptured in the vicinity of smooth muscle cells in vitro under a range of acoustic pressures (0 to 950 kPa) and pulse durations (0 to 100 cycles). No effect on gene transfection or viability was observed from application of microbubbles, DNA or ultrasound alone. Microbubbles in combination with ultrasound (500-kPa, 1-MHz, 50-cycle bursts at a pulse repetition frequency [PRF] of 100 Hz) significantly reduced viability both with DNA (53 +/- 27%) and without (19 +/- 8%). Maximal gene transfection ( approximately 1% of cells) occurred using 50-cycle, 1-MHz pulses at 300 kPa, which resulted in 40% viability of cells. We demonstrated that we can locally deliver DNA to vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro using microbubble carriers and focused ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey C. Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alexander L. Klibanov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian R. Wamhoff
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - John A. Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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