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Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Carlier PG, Marty B, Meyerspeer M. Interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo. Review of principles, applications and potential. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4735. [PMID: 35352440 PMCID: PMC9542607 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance signals from different nuclei can be excited or received at the same time,rendering simultaneous or rapidly interleaved multi-nuclear acquisitions feasible. The advan-tages are a reduction of total scan time compared to sequential multi-nuclear acquisitions or that additional information from heteronuclear data is obtained at thesame time and anatomical position. Information content can be qualitatively increased by delivering a more comprehensive MR-based picture of a transient state (such as an exercise bout). Also, combiningnon-proton MR acquisitions with 1 Hinformation (e.g., dynamic shim updates and motion correction) can be used to improve data quality during long scans and benefits image coregistration. This work reviews the literature on interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear MRI and MRS in vivo. Prominent use cases for this methodology in clinical and research applications are brain and muscle, but studies have also been carried out in other targets, including the lung, knee, breast and heart. Simultaneous multi-nuclear measurements in the liver and kidney have also been performed, but exclusively in rodents. In this review, a consistent nomenclature is proposed, to help clarify the terminology used for this principle throughout the literature on in-vivo MR. An overview covers the basic principles, the technical requirements on the MR scanner and the implementations realised either by MR system vendors or research groups, from the early days until today. Considerations regarding the multi-tuned RF coils required and heteronuclear polarisation interactions are briefly discussed, and fields for future in-vivo applications for interleaved multi-nuclear MR pulse sequences are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L. Lopez Kolkovsky
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Pierre G. Carlier
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Benjamin Marty
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR laboratoryCEA, DRF, IBFJParisFrance
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- High‐Field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Krall JTW, Gibbs KW, Belfield L, Liu C, Purcell L, Bivona JJ, Poynter ME, Stapleton RD, Toth MJ, Files DC. Skeletal muscle macrophage ablation in mice. J Immunol Methods 2022; 509:113329. [PMID: 35933049 PMCID: PMC9748827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important mediators of skeletal muscle function in both healthy and diseased states. In vivo specific depletion of macrophages provides an experimental method to understand physiological and pathophysiological effects of macrophages. Systemic depletion of macrophages can deplete skeletal muscle macrophages but also alters systemic inflammatory responses and metabolism, which confounds the muscle specific effects of macrophage depletion. The primary aim of this manuscript is to evaluate two methods of murine intramuscular macrophage depletion in an acute lung injury-associated indirect skeletal muscle wasting mouse model. Adult C57BL/6 (WT) and Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis (MaFIA, C57BL/6-Tg) mice received clodronate liposomes or the dimerization drug AP20187 through intramuscular injection of the tibialis anterior muscle compartment, respectively. Vehicle control was injected in the contralateral muscle. We demonstrate intramuscular AP20187 in the MaFIA mouse depletes macrophages but causes an infiltration of CD45 intermediate neutrophils. In contrast, intramuscular clodronate liposomes successfully depletes macrophages without an associated increase in CD45 intermediate cells. In conclusion, intramuscular clodronate is effective for selective depletion of muscle macrophages without eliciting acute inflammation seen with AP20187 in MaFIA mice. This technique is an important tool to study the functional roles of macrophages in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T W Krall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| | - Kevin W Gibbs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lanazha Belfield
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lina Purcell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph J Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Renee D Stapleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - D Clark Files
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Non-invasive assessment of skeletal muscle fibrosis in mice using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound shear wave elastography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:284. [PMID: 33431931 PMCID: PMC7801669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a key pathological feature in muscle disorders, but its quantification mainly relies on histological and biochemical assays. Muscle fibrosis most frequently is entangled with other pathological processes, as cell membrane lesions, inflammation, necrosis, regeneration, or fatty infiltration, making in vivo assessment difficult. Here, we (1) describe a novel mouse model with variable levels of induced skeletal muscle fibrosis displaying minimal inflammation and no fat infiltration, and (2) report how fibrosis affects non-invasive metrics derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE) associated with a passive biomechanical assay. Our findings show that collagen fraction correlates with multiple non-invasive metrics. Among them, muscle stiffness as measured by SWE, T2, and extracellular volume (ECV) as measured by NMR have the strongest correlations with histology. We also report that combining metrics in a multi-modality index allowed better discrimination between fibrotic and normal skeletal muscles. This study demonstrates that skeletal muscle fibrosis leads to alterations that can be assessed in vivo with multiple imaging parameters. Furthermore, combining NMR and SWE passive biomechanical assay improves the non-invasive evaluation of skeletal muscle fibrosis and may allow disentangling it from co-occurring pathological alterations in more complex scenarios, such as muscular dystrophies.
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Almeida CF, Vainzof M. Skeletal Muscle Injury by Electroporation: A Model to Study Degeneration/Regeneration Pathways in Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2063:157-169. [PMID: 31667769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0138-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injuries mainly due to a reservoir of precursor cells named satellite cells (SCs), which are responsible for after-birth growth and response to lesions, either by exercise or disease. Upon injury, the regenerative response includes SCs exit of quiescence, activation, proliferation, and fusion to repair or form new myofibers. This process is accompanied by inflammation, with infiltration of immune cells, primarily macrophages. Every phase of regeneration is highly regulated and orchestrated by many molecules and signaling pathways. The elucidation of players and mechanisms involved in muscle degeneration and regeneration is of extreme importance, especially for therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases.Here we are proposing a model of muscle injury induced by electroporation, which is an efficient method to induce muscle damage in order to follow the steps involved in degeneration and regeneration. Three days after electroporation, the muscle shows prominent signals of degeneration, like areas of necrosis and infiltration of macrophages, followed by regeneration, observed by the presence of centrally nucleated myofibers. After 5 days the regeneration is very active, with small dMyHC positive fibers. Fifteen days later, we observe a general regeneration of the muscle, with fibers with increased diameter after 60 days. This methodology is an easy and simple alternative to induce muscle lesion. It can be employed to study alterations in gene expression and the process of satellite cell recruitment, both in healthy and dystrophic/myopathic animal models for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Almeida
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bendahan D, Chatel B, Jue T. Comparative NMR and NIRS analysis of oxygen-dependent metabolism in exercising finger flexor muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R740-R753. [PMID: 28877871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle contraction requires the physiology to adapt rapidly to meet the surge in energy demand. To investigate the shift in metabolic control, especially between oxygen and metabolism, researchers often depend on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure noninvasively the tissue O2 Because NIRS detects the overlapping myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) signals in muscle, interpreting the data as an index of cellular or vascular O2 requires deconvoluting the relative contribution. Currently, many in the NIRS field ascribe the signal to Hb. In contrast, 1H NMR has only detected the Mb signal in contracting muscle, and comparative NIRS and NMR experiments indicate a predominant Mb contribution. The present study has examined the question of the NIRS signal origin by measuring simultaneously the 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and NIRS signals in finger flexor muscles during the transition from rest to contraction, recovery, ischemia, and reperfusion. The experiment results confirm a predominant Mb contribution to the NIRS signal from muscle. Given the NMR and NIRS corroborated changes in the intracellular O2, the analysis shows that at the onset of muscle contraction, O2 declines immediately and reaches new steady states as contraction intensity rises. Moreover, lactate formation increases even under quite aerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Chatel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Jue
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and
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Latroche C, Matot B, Martins-Bach A, Briand D, Chazaud B, Wary C, Carlier PG, Chrétien F, Jouvion G. Structural and Functional Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature in Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2482-94. [PMID: 26193666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease, caused by an absence of dystrophin, inevitably leading to death. Although muscle lesions are well characterized, blood vessel alterations that may have a major impact on muscle regeneration remain poorly understood. Our aim was to elucidate alterations of the vascular network organization, taking advantage of Flk1(GFP/+) crossed with mdx mice (model for human DMD where all blood vessels express green fluorescent protein) and functional repercussions using in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance, combining arterial spin-labeling imaging of perfusion, and (31)P-spectroscopy of phosphocreatine kinetics. For the first time, our study focused on old (12-month-old) mdx mice, displaying marked chronic muscle lesions, similar to the lesions observed in human DMD, in comparison to young-adult (3-month-old) mdx mice displaying only mild muscle lesions with no fibrosis. By using an original approach combining a specific animal model, state-of-the-art histology/morphometry techniques, and functional nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrated that the microvascular system is almost normal in young-adult in contrast to old mdx mice, displaying marked microvessel alterations, and the functional repercussions on muscle perfusion and bioenergetics after a hypoxic stress vary depending on stage of pathology. This original approach clarifies disease evolution and paves the way for setting up new diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; The French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Matot
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Aurea Martins-Bach
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France; Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histology, Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Briand
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- The French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wary
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Myologie, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Neuropathology Department, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Infection and Epidemiology Department, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Pôle de Recherche, Enseignement Supérieur Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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