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Liu Q, Wu J, Wang H, Jia Z, Li G. Human Infrapatellar Fat Pad Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Purified by Anion Exchange Chromatography Suppress Osteoarthritis Progression in a Mouse Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:1246-1262. [PMID: 38662932 PMCID: PMC11219153 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show great promise in treating osteoarthritis (OA). However, studies from the perspective of clinical feasibility that consider an accessible cell source and a scalable preparation method for MSC-extracellular vesicles are lacking. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does an infrapatellar fat pad obtained from patients undergoing TKA provide a suitable source to provide MSC-extracellular vesicles purified by anion exchange chromatography? Using an in vivo mouse model for OA in the knee, (2) how does injection of the infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC-extracellular vesicles alter gait, cartilage structure and composition, protein expression (Type II collagen, MMP13, and ADAMTS5), subchondral bone remodeling and osteophytes, and synovial inflammation? METHODS The infrapatellar fat pad was collected from three patients (all female; 62, 74, 77 years) during TKA for infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC culturing. Patients with infection, rheumatic arthritis, and age > 80 years were excluded. MSC-extracellular vesicles were purified by anion exchange chromatography. For the animal study, we used 30 male C57BL/6 mice aged 10 weeks, divided into six groups. MSC-extracellular vesicles were injected weekly into the joint of an OA mouse model during ACL transection (ACLT). To answer our first research question, we characterized MSCs based on their proliferative potential, differentiation capacity, and surface antigen expression, and we characterized MSC-extracellular vesicles by size, morphology, protein marker expression, and miRNA profile. To answer our second research question, we evaluated the effects of MSC-extracellular vesicles in the OA mouse model with quantitative gait analysis (mean pressure, footprint area, stride length, and propulsion time), histology (Osteoarthritis Research Society International Score based on histologic analysis [0 = normal to 24 = very severe degeneration]), immunohistochemistry staining of joint sections (protein expression of Type II collagen, MMP13, and ADAMTS5), and micro-CT of subchondral bone (BV/TV and Tb.Pf) and osteophyte formation. We also examined the mechanism of action of MSC-extracellular vesicles by immunofluorescent staining of the synovium membrane (number of M1 and M2 macrophage cells) and by analyzing their influence on the expression of inflammatory factors (relative mRNA level and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. RESULTS Infrapatellar fat pads obtained from patients undergoing TKA provide a suitable cell source for producing MSC-extracellular vesicles, and anion exchange chromatography is applicable for isolating MSC-extracellular vesicles. Cultured MSCs were spindle-shaped, proliferative at Passage 4 (doubling time of 42.75 ± 1.35 hours), had trilineage differentiation capacity, positively expressed stem cell surface markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105), and negatively expressed hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45). MSC-extracellular vesicles purified by anion exchange chromatography had diameters between 30 and 200 nm and a typical cup shape, positively expressed exosomal marker proteins (CD63, CD81, CD9, Alix, and TSG101), and carried plentiful miRNA. Compared with the ACLT group, the ACLT + extracellular vesicle group showed alleviation of pain 8 weeks after the injection, indicated by increased area (0.67 ± 0.15 cm 2 versus 0.20 ± 0.03 cm 2 , -0.05 [95% confidence interval -0.09 to -0.01]; p = 0.01) and stride length (5.08 ± 0.53 cm versus 6.20 ± 0.33 cm, -1.12 [95% CI -1.86 to -0.37]; p = 0.005) and decreased propulsion time (0.22 ± 0.06 s versus 0.11 ± 0.04 s, 0.11 [95% CI 0.03 to 0.19]; p = 0.007) in the affected hindlimb. Compared with the ACLT group, the ACLT + extracellular vesicles group had lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores after 4 weeks (8.80 ± 2.28 versus 4.80 ± 2.28, 4.00 [95% CI 0.68 to 7.32]; p = 0.02) and 8 weeks (16.00 ± 3.16 versus 9.60 ± 2.51, 6.40 [95% CI 2.14 to 10.66]; p = 0.005). In the ACLT + extracellular vesicles group, there was more-severe OA at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks (9.60 ± 2.51 versus 4.80 ± 2.28, 4.80 [95% CI 0.82 to 8.78]; p = 0.02), indicating MSC-extracellular vesicles could only delay but not fully suppress OA progression. Compared with the ACLT group, the injection of MSC-extracellular vesicles increased Type II collagen expression, decreased MMP13 expression, and decreased ADAMTS5 expression at 4 and 8 weeks. Compared with the ACLT group, MSC-extracellular vesicle injection alleviated osteophyte formation at 8 weeks and inhibited bone loss at 4 weeks. MSC-extracellular vesicle injection suppressed inflammation; the ACLT + extracellular vesicles group had fewer M1 type macrophages than the ACLT group. Compared with lipopolysaccharide-treated cells, MSC-extracellular vesicles reduced mRNA expression and inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cells. CONCLUSION Using an OA mouse model, we found that infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC-extracellular vesicles could delay OA progression via alleviating pain and suppressing cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, and synovial inflammation. The autologous origin of extracellular vesicles and scalable purification method make our strategy potentially viable for clinical translation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC-extracellular vesicles isolated by anion exchange chromatography can suppress OA progression in a mouse model. Further studies with large-animal models, larger animal groups, and subsequent clinical trials are necessary to confirm the feasibility of this technique for clinical OA treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Aged
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Disease Models, Animal
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Disease Progression
- Mice
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Knee Joint/surgery
- Knee Joint/metabolism
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/surgery
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianqun Wu
- Division of Adult Joint Reconstruction and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guangheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Shenzhen, PR China
- Division of Adult Joint Reconstruction and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
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Karoichan A, Boucenna S, Tabrizian M. Therapeutics of the future: Navigating the pitfalls of extracellular vesicles research from an osteoarthritis perspective. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12435. [PMID: 38943211 PMCID: PMC11213691 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have gained wide momentum as potential therapeutics for osteoarthritis, a highly prevalent chronic disease that still lacks an approved treatment. The membrane-bound vesicles are secreted by all cells carrying different cargos that can serve as both disease biomarkers and disease modifiers. Nonetheless, despite a significant peak in research regarding EVs as OA therapeutics, clinical implementation seems distant. In addition to scalability and standardization challenges, researchers often omit to focus on and consider the proper tropism of the vesicles, the practicality and relevance of their source, their low native therapeutic efficacy, and whether they address the disease as a whole. These considerations are necessary to better understand EVs in a clinical light and have been comprehensively discussed and ultimately summarized in this review into a conceptualized framework termed the nanodiamond concept. Future perspectives are also discussed, and alternatives are presented to address some of the challenges and concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Karoichan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Boucenna
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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D'Arrigo D, Salerno M, De Marziani L, Boffa A, Filardo G. A call for standardization for secretome and extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: results show disease-modifying potential, but protocols are too heterogeneous-a systematic review. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01084-9. [PMID: 38909330 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The currently available osteoarthritis (OA) treatments offer symptoms' relief without disease-modifying effects. Increasing evidence supports the role of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to drive beneficial effects provided by their secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which includes trophic and biologically active factors. Aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro literature to understand the potential of human secretome and EVs for OA treatment and identify trends, gaps, and potential translational challenges. A systematic review was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Web-of-Science, identifying 58 studies. The effects of secretome and EVs were analysed on osteoarthritic cells regarding anabolic, anti-apoptotic/anti-inflammatory and catabolic/pro-inflammatory/degenerative activity, chondroinduction, and immunomodulation. The results showed that MSC-derived EVs elicit an increase in proliferation and migration, reduction of cell death and inflammation, downregulation of catabolic pathways, regulation of immunomodulation, and promotion of anabolic processes in arthritic cells. However, a high heterogeneity in several technical or more applicative aspects emerged. In conclusion, the use of human secretome and EVs as strategy to address OA processes has overall positive effects and disease-modifying potential. However, it is crucial to reduce protocol variability and strive toward a higher standardization, which will be essential for the translation of this promising OA treatment from the in vitro research setting to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele D'Arrigo
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, EOC, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Abbelight, Cachan, 191 Av. Aristide Briand, 94230, Cachan, France
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca De Marziani
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Boffa
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
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Wang P, Zhao Z, Li Z, Li X, Huang B, Lu X, Dai S, Li S, Man Z, Li W. Attenuation of osteoarthritis progression via locoregional delivery of Klotho-expressing plasmid DNA and Tanshinon IIA through a stem cell-homing hydrogel. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:325. [PMID: 38858695 PMCID: PMC11163801 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is an aging-related degenerative joint disorder marked by joint discomfort and rigidity. Senescent chondrocytes release pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-degrading proteins, creating an inflammatory microenvironment that hinders chondrogenesis and accelerates matrix degradation. Targeting of senescent chondrocytes may be a promising approach for the treatment of OA. Herein, we describe the engineering of an injectable peptide-hydrogel conjugating a stem cell-homing peptide PFSSTKT for carrying plasmid DNA-laden nanoparticles and Tanshinon IIA (pPNP + TIIA@PFS) that was designed to attenuate OA progression by improving the senescent microenvironment and fostering cartilage regeneration. RESULTS Specifically, pPNP + TIIA@PFS elevates the concentration of the anti-aging protein Klotho and blocks the transmission of senescence signals to adjacent healthy chondrocytes, significantly mitigating chondrocyte senescence and enhancing cartilage integrity. Additionally, pPNP + TIIA@PFS recruit bone mesenchymal stem cells and directs their subsequent differentiation into chondrocytes, achieving satisfactory chondrogenesis. In surgically induced OA model rats, the application of pPNP + TIIA@PFS results in reduced osteophyte formation and attenuation of articular cartilage degeneration. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study introduces a novel approach for the alleviation of OA progression, offering a foundation for potential clinical translation in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Benzhao Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Dai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Shishuo Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Man
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China.
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5
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Chen B, Sun Y, Xu G, Jiang J, Zhang W, Wu C, Xue P, Cui Z. Role of crosstalk between synovial cells and chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:201. [PMID: 38590580 PMCID: PMC11000048 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade, nonspecific inflammatory disease that affects the entire joint. This condition is characterized by synovitis, cartilage erosion, subchondral bone defects, and subpatellar fat pad damage. There is mounting evidence demonstrating the significance of crosstalk between synovitis and cartilage destruction in the development of OA. To comprehensively explore the phenotypic alterations of synovitis and cartilage destruction, it is important to elucidate the crosstalk mechanisms between chondrocytes and synovial cells. Furthermore, the updated iteration of single-cell sequencing technology reveals the interaction between chondrocyte and synovial cells. In the present review, the histological and pathological alterations between cartilage and synovium during OA progression are described, and the mode of interaction and molecular mechanisms between synovial cells and chondrocytes in OA, both of which affect the OA process mainly by altering the inflammatory environment and cellular state, are elucidated. Finally, the current OA therapeutic approaches are summarized and emerging therapeutic targets are reviewed in an attempt to provide potential insights into OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226003, P.R. China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No. 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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José Alcaraz M. Control of articular degeneration by extracellular vesicles from stem/stromal cells as a potential strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116226. [PMID: 38663683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition that contributes to years lived with disability. Current therapeutic approaches are limited as there are no disease-modifying interventions able to delay or inhibit the progression of disease. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to develop new OA therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate many of the biological effects of these cells and may represent an alternative avoiding the limitations of cell-based therapy. There is also a growing interest in EV modifications to enhance their efficacy and applications. Recent preclinical studies have provided strong evidence supporting the potential of MSC EVs for the development of OA treatments. Thus, MSC EVs may regulate chondrocyte functions to avoid cartilage destruction, inhibit abnormal subchondral bone metabolism and synovial tissue alterations, and control pain behavior. EV actions may be mediated by the transfer of their cargo to target cells, with an important role for proteins and non-coding RNAs modulating signaling pathways relevant for OA progression. Nevertheless, additional investigations are needed concerning EV optimization, and standardization of preparation procedures. More research is also required for a better knowledge of possible effects on different OA phenotypes, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, long-term effects and safety profile. Furthermore, MSC EVs have a high potential as vehicles for drug delivery or as adjuvant therapy to potentiate or complement the effects of other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Luo D, Zhu H, Li S, Wang Z, Xiao J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a promising cell-free therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1309946. [PMID: 38292826 PMCID: PMC10824863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1309946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative disease, leads to high socioeconomic burdens and disability rates. The knee joint is typically the most affected and is characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. The current management of OA mainly focuses on symptomatic relief and does not help to slow down the advancement of disease. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes have garnered significant attention in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering areas. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), as bioactive factor carriers, have promising results in cell-free therapy of OA. This study reviewed the application of various MSC-Exos for the OA treatment, along with exploring the potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, current strategies and future perspectives for the utilization of engineered MSC-Exos, alongside their associated challenges, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Yuan S, Li G, Zhang J, Chen X, Su J, Zhou F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1814. [PMID: 37514001 PMCID: PMC10385170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by cartilage damage and severe pain. Despite various pharmacological and surgical interventions, current therapies fail to halt OA progression, leading to high morbidity and an economic burden. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches that can effectively address the underlying pathophysiology of OA. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a new paradigm in OA treatment. MSC-EVs are small membranous particles released by MSCs during culture, both in vitro and in vivo. They possess regenerative properties and can attenuate inflammation, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Importantly, MSC-EVs have several advantages over MSCs as cell-based therapies, including lower risks of immune reactions and ethical issues. Researchers have recently explored different strategies, such as modifying EVs to enhance their delivery, targeting efficiency, and security, with promising results. This article reviews how MSC-EVs can help treat OA and how they might work. It also briefly discusses the benefits and challenges of using MSC-EVs and talks about the possibility of allogeneic and autologous MSC-EVs for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710000, China
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van de Looij SM, de Jong OG, Vermonden T, Lorenowicz MJ. Injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles in cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:685-708. [PMID: 36739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of small vesicles secreted by essentially all cell types, containing a wide variety of biological macromolecules. Due to their intrinsic capabilities for efficient intercellular communication, they are involved in various aspects of cellular functioning. In the past decade, EVs derived from stem cells attracted interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Owing to their regenerative properties, they have great potential for use in tissue repair, in particular for tissues with limited regenerative capabilities such as cartilage. The maintenance of articular cartilage is dependent on a precarious balance of many different components that can be disrupted by the onset of prevalent rheumatic diseases. However, while cartilage is a tissue with strong mechanical properties that can withstand movement and heavy loads for years, it is virtually incapable of repairing itself after damage has occurred. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) transport regenerative components such as proteins and nucleic acids from their parental cells to recipient cells, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Many possible pathways through which SC-EVs execute their regenerative function have been reported, but likely there are still numerous other pathways that are still unknown. This review discusses various preclinical studies investigating intra-articular injections of free SC-EVs, which, while often promoting chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo, showed a recurring limitation of the need for multiple administrations to achieve sufficient tissue regeneration. Potentially, this drawback can be overcome by making use of an EV delivery platform that is capable of sustainably releasing EVs over time. With their remarkable versatility and favourable chemical, biological and mechanical properties, hydrogels can facilitate this release profile by encapsulating EVs in their porous structure. Ideally, the optimal delivery platform can be formed in-situ, by means of an injectable hydrogel that can be administered directly into the affected joint. Relevant research fulfilling these criteria is discussed in detail, including the steps that still need to be taken before injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of EVs can be applied in the context of cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van de Looij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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You B, Zhou C, Yang Y. MSC-EVs alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating microenvironmental cells in the articular cavity and maintaining cartilage matrix homeostasis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101864. [PMID: 36707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a common cause of chronic articular cartilage degeneration, is the main cause of disability in older adults and severely affects quality of life. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of OA, resulting in imbalance in the homeostasis of the joint cavity microenvironment, which exacerbates the disease. Because of the deficiency of blood vessels and nerves in cartilage, existing therapies to promote cartilage healing are relatively ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-related therapies have achieved positive outcomes for the treatment of OA, and these beneficial effects have been confirmed to be largely mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have been demonstrated to participate in the regulation of chondrocyte function, to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and to alleviate metabolic disorders of the extracellular matrix, thereby slowing the progression of OA. In addition, engineered MSC-EVs can enrich therapeutic molecules and optimize administration to enhance their therapeutic effects on OA. A thorough understanding of the endogenous properties of EVs and related engineering strategies could help researchers develop more precise control therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai You
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032085. [PMID: 36768406 PMCID: PMC9916886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a kind of pluripotent stem cells, have attracted much attention in orthopedic diseases, geriatric diseases, metabolic diseases, and sports functions due to their osteogenic potential, chondrogenic differentiation ability, and adipocyte differentiation. Anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, angiogenesis promotion, neurogenesis, immune regulation, and secreted growth factors, proteases, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines of MSCs have been widely studied in liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles of MSCs have similar functions to MSCs transplantation in all the above aspects. Here we review the research progress of MSCs and their exocrine vesicles in recent years.
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12
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Advances in the Study of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems for Bone-Related Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010220. [PMID: 36678850 PMCID: PMC9867375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-related diseases are major problems and heavy burdens faced by modern society. Current clinical approaches for the treatment of these pathological conditions often lead to complications and have limited therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the development of nanotherapeutic platforms, such as extracellular vesicles, can improve the relevant therapeutic effects. In particular, exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles secreted by many cells in mammals. Due to their innate capacity to transport materials-including proteins, lipids, and genes-among cells, as well as their innate attraction to target cells, they are considered to be a crucial medium for cell communication and are involved in a number of biological processes. Exosomes have been used as drug delivery vehicles in recent bone tissue engineering studies, in order to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the precise workings of the exosome regulatory network in maintaining bone homeostasis and its potential for treating bone injury remain unclear. To provide a fresh perspective for the study of exosomes in drug delivery and bone-related diseases, in this paper, we review recent studies on the roles of exosomes for drug delivery in bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases, as well as the composition and characteristics of exosomes and their regulatory roles in bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases, aiming to provide new ideas for the therapeutic application of exosomes in the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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13
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Peshkova M, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Radenska-Lopovok S, Telyshev D, Lychagin A, Li F, Timashev P, Liang XJ. Targeting Inflammation and Regeneration: Scaffolds, Extracellular Vesicles, and Nanotechnologies as Cell-Free Dual-Target Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213796. [PMID: 36430272 PMCID: PMC9694395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 250 million people worldwide and despite various existing treatment strategies still has no cure. It is a multifactorial disease characterized by cartilage loss and low-grade synovial inflammation. Focusing on these two targets together could be the key to developing currently missing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). This review aims to discuss the latest cell-free techniques applied in cartilage tissue regeneration, since they can provide a more controllable approach to inflammation management than the cell-based ones. Scaffolds, extracellular vesicles, and nanocarriers can be used to suppress inflammation, but they can also act as immunomodulatory agents. This is consistent with the latest tissue engineering paradigm, postulating a moderate, controllable inflammatory reaction to be beneficial for tissue remodeling and successful regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peshkova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefka Radenska-Lopovok
- Institute for Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lychagin
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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MSC-EV therapy for bone/cartilage diseases. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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15
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Zhuang Y, Jiang S, Yuan C, Lin K. The potential therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1022368. [PMID: 36185451 PMCID: PMC9523151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide and disabling disease, which cause severe pain and heavy socioeconomic burden. However, pharmacologic or surgical therapies cannot mitigate OA progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has emerged as potential approach for OA treatment, while the immunogenicity and ethical audit of cell therapy are unavoidable. Compared with stem cell strategy, EVs induce less immunological rejection, and they are more stable for storage and in vivo application. MSC-EVs-based therapy possesses great potential in regulating inflammation and promoting cartilage matrix reconstruction in OA treatment. To enhance the therapeutic effect, delivery efficiency, tissue specificity and safety, EVs can be engineered via different modification strategies. Here, the application of MSC-EVs in OA treatment and the potential underlying mechanism were summarized. Moreover, EV modification strategies including indirect MSC modification and direct EV modification were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dental Implant, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changyong Yuan, ; Kaili Lin,
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changyong Yuan, ; Kaili Lin,
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16
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Wan S, Bao D, Li J, Lin K, Huang Q, Li Q, Li L. Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Pretreated Urine-Derived Stem Cells Enhance the Proliferation and Migration of Chondrocytes by Delivering miR-26a-5p. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221077401. [PMID: 35548888 PMCID: PMC9137301 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem-cell therapy is a promising treatment for cartilage defects. The newly identified urine-derived stem cells (USCs), which have multipotency and sufficient proliferative ability, are promising candidates for several tissue engineering therapies. In this study, we investigated the role of USC extracellular vehicles (EVs) in promoting the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes. DESIGN USCs were characterized by measuring induced multipotent differentiation and flow cytometry analysis of surface marker expression. The EVs were isolated from USCs under normoxic conditions (nor-EVs) and hypoxic conditions (hypo-EVs). Transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis characterized the EVs. The chondrocytes were cultured in the USC-EVs. CCK-8 assay and EdU staining detected the proliferation of chondrocytes, and transwell assay detected their migration. miR-26a-5p expression in EVs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The target relationship of miR-26a-5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was predicted and confirmed. The roles of EVs-miR-26a-5p and PTEN on the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes were also investigated. RESULTS Hypo-EVs showed a superior effect in promoting the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes than nor-EVs. Mechanistically, USC-EVs delivered miR-26a-5p into chondrocytes to overexpress miR-26a-5p. PTEN was identified as an miR-26a-5p target in chondrocytes. The effects of EVs-miR-26a-5p on promoting the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes were mediated by its regulation of PTEN. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that hypoxic USC-EVs may represent a promising strategy for osteoarthritis by promoting the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes via miR-26a-5p transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
- Lang Li, Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, No. 20 Ximianqiao Cross Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China.
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17
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Culture Condition of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Affects Quantity and Quality of the Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031017. [PMID: 35162938 PMCID: PMC8834965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to act as a transporter of bioactive molecules such as RNAs and proteins in the therapeutic actions of BMSCs in various diseases. Although EV therapy holds great promise to be a safer cell-free therapy overcoming issues related to cell therapy, manufacturing processes that offer scalable and reproducible EV production have not been established. Robust and scalable BMSC manufacturing methods have been shown to enhance EV production; however, the effects on EV quality remain less studied. Here, using human BMSCs isolated from nine healthy donors, we examined the effects of high-performance culture media that can rapidly expand BMSCs on EV production and quality in comparison with the conventional culture medium. We found significantly increased EV production from BMSCs cultured in the high-performance media without altering their multipotency and immunophenotypes. RNA sequencing revealed that RNA contents in EVs from high-performance media were significantly reduced with altered profiles of microRNA enriched in those related to cellular growth and proliferation in the pathway analysis. Given that pre-clinical studies at the laboratory scale often use the conventional medium, these findings could account for the discrepancy in outcomes between pre-clinical and clinical studies. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of selecting proper culture conditions for scalable and reproducible EV manufacturing.
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18
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Xiang XN, Zhu SY, He HC, Yu X, Xu Y, He CQ. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35012666 PMCID: PMC8751117 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, as a degenerative disease, is a common problem and results in high socioeconomic costs and rates of disability. The most commonly affected joint is the knee and characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, loss of extracellular matrix, and progressive inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been explored as a new regenerative treatment for knee osteoarthritis in recent years. However, the detailed functions of MSC-based therapy and related mechanism, especially of cartilage regeneration, have not been explained. Hence, this review summarized how to choose, authenticate, and culture different origins of MSCs and derived exosomes. Moreover, clinical application and the latest mechanistical findings of MSC-based therapy in cartilage regeneration were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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