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Fujinaga A, Hirashita T, Endo Y, Orimoto H, Amano S, Kawamura M, Kawasaki T, Masuda T, Inomata M. Prediction of intraoperative surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024. [PMID: 39021321 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although findings from drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC-CT) are useful in preoperative anatomic evaluation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), their relationship with intraoperative surgical difficulty based on the difficulty score (DS) proposed by Tokyo Guidelines 2018 is unclear. We examined this relationship. METHODS Data were collected from 202 patients who underwent LC for benign gallbladder (GB) disease with preoperative DIC-CT in our department. DIC-CT findings were classified into GB-positive and GB-negative groups based on GB opacification, and clinical characteristics were compared. DS assessed only on findings from around Calot's triangle was considered "cDS", and patients were divided into cDS ≤2 and ≥3 groups. Preoperative data including DIC-CT findings were evaluated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS DIC-CT findings showed 151 (74.8%) GB-positive and 51 (25.2%) GB-negative patients. Surgical outcomes were significantly better in the GB-positive versus GB-negative group for operation time (107 vs. 154 min, p < .001), blood loss (8 vs. 25 mL, p < .001), cDS (0.8 vs. 2.2, p < .001), and critical view of safety score (4.0 vs. 3.1, p < .001). cDS was ≤2 in 174 (86.1%) and ≥3 in 28 (13.9%) patients. By multivariate analysis, DIC-CT findings and alkaline phosphatase values were independent factors predicting intraoperative difficulty. CONCLUSION DIC-CT findings are useful for predicting cDS in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Orimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Shota Amano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takahide Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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Hamaoka M, Kitamura Y, Shinohara M, Hashimoto M, Miguchi M, Misumi T, Fujikuni N, Ikeda S, Matsugu Y, Nakahara H. Surgical outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis treated with gallbladder drainage followed by early cholecystectomy. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)01059-5. [PMID: 38824020 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative gallbladder drainage and the specific drainage method used on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for acute cholecystitis. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study included 221 patients who underwent early cholecystectomy between January 2016 and December 2020. Clinical data and outcomes of 140 patients who did not undergo drainage, 22 patients who underwent preoperative percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), and 59 patients who underwent preoperative endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage (ENGBD) were compared. RESULTS There was no difference in the operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, or length of postoperative hospital stay between patients who did and did not undergo drainage. Among patients who underwent drainage, there was no difference between the ENGBD and PTGBD groups in operation time, blood loss, or postoperative complications; however, more patients in the PTGBD group underwent laparotomy and had a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay. The presence and type of drainage were not risk factors for postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The presence or absence of preoperative gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis and the type of drainage may not significantly affect surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Hamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Shinohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Masashi Miguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Misumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Fujikuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsugu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
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Tongyoo A, Liwattanakun A, Sriussadaporn E, Limpavitayaporn P, Mingmalairak C. New Proposed Classification of Difficulty in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024; 34:407-414. [PMID: 38574306 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2024.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been challenging for surgeons. Randhawa's system used operative time, complications, and conversion to define three difficulty grades. However, using fixed numbers of operative time as dividers among three groups might not be applicable universally. This study aimed to propose new classification with more flexible parameters. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent LC because of gallstone-related diseases between January 2017 and December 2021 at Thammasat University Hospital. The exclusion criteria were (1) emergent LC for acute cholecystitis, (2) other procedures performed in the same setting of LC, (3) incomplete information, and (4) LC converted to open cholecystectomy. Patients were categorized into three groups using Randhawa's classification. Thereafter, new classification using mean and standard deviation was applied to reclassify patients into three new groups. The comparison between two grading results was performed to prove the advantage of new classification. Results: Total of 523 patients who underwent LC were included with median age 59.3 years old and 60.8% female. By Randhawa classification, proportions of easy, difficult, and very difficult groups were 39%, 53.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. Then, the new operative-time dividers among three groups were changed from 60 and 120 minutes to mean and mean + 2SD, respectively. Reclassified three difficult groups were 38.9%, 57.1%, and 4%. The comparison demonstrated new classification as more flexible and more compatible with each individual surgeon. Conclusions: New surgeon-referenced grading system of difficult LC included surgeon's factors, not only unfavorable operative findings. This classification should be more flexible than the previous criterion-referenced one. Thai Clinical Trials Registry at https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org with Number TCTR20220426003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assanee Tongyoo
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Aekkaphod Liwattanakun
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Ekkapak Sriussadaporn
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Palin Limpavitayaporn
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Mingmalairak
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand
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Naito K, Suda K, Shinoda K, Hashiba T, Sano W, Chiku T, Ando K, Ohtsuka M. Preoperative difficulty factors in delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Tokyo Guidelines 2018 surgical difficulty score analysis. Asian J Endosc Surg 2024; 17:e13309. [PMID: 38584140 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for low-risk acute cholecystitis (AC); however, some patients undergo delayed LC (DLC) after conservative treatment. DLC, influenced by chronic inflammation, is a difficult procedure. Previous studies on LC difficulty lacked objective measures. Recently, TG18 introduced a novel 25 findings difficulty score, which objectively assesses intraoperative factors. The purpose of this study was to use the difficulty score proposed in TG18 to identify and investigate the predictors of preoperative high-difficulty cases of DLC for AC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with DLC after conservative AC treatment. The surgical difficulty of DLC was evaluated using a difficulty score. Based on previous studies, the highest scores in each category were categorized as grades A-C. RESULTS The severity of AC was mild in 51 patients and moderate in 49. Surgical outcomes revealed a distribution of difficulty scores, with grade C indicating high difficulty, showing significant differences in operative time, blood loss, achieving a critical view of safety, bailout procedures, and postoperative hospital stay compared with grades A and B. Regarding the preoperative risk factors, multivariate analysis identified age >61 years (p = .008), body mass index >27.0 kg/m2 (p = .007), and gallbladder wall thickness >6.2 mm (p = .001) as independent risk factors for grade C in DLC. CONCLUSION The difficulty score proposed in TG18 provides an objective framework for evaluating surgical difficulty, allowing for more accurate risk assessments and improved preoperative planning in DLC for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Naito
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Suda
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kimio Shinoda
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hashiba
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Sano
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiku
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ando
- Department of General Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Mishima K, Fujiyama Y, Wakabayashi T, Tsutsui A, Okamoto N, Marescaux J, Kitagawa Y, Wakabayashi G. Combining preoperative C-reactive protein values with the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 grading criteria can enhance the prediction of surgical difficulty in early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:426-435. [PMID: 38135551 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC). However, predicting the difficulty of this procedure remains challenging. The present study aimed to develop an improved prediction model for surgical difficulty during ELC, surpassing the current Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) grading system. METHODS We analyzed data from 201 consecutive patients who underwent ELC for AC between 2019 and 2021. Surgical difficulty was defined as the failure to achieve the critical view of safety (non-CVS). We developed a scoring system by conducting multivariate analysis on demographics, symptoms, laboratory data, and radiographic findings. The predictive accuracy of our scoring system was compared to that of the TG18 grading system (Grade I vs. Grade II/III). RESULTS Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, a novel scoring system was formulated. This system incorporated preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) values (≥5: 1 pt, ≥10: 2 pts, ≥15: 3 pts) and TG18 grading score (duration >72 h: 1 pt, image criteria for Grade II AC: 1 pt). Our model, a cutoff score of ≥3, exhibited a significantly elevated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.721 compared to the TG18 grading system alone (AUC 0.609) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Combining preoperative CRP values with TG18 grading criteria can enhance the accuracy of predicting intraoperative difficulty in ELC for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Mishima
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yoshiki Fujiyama
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taiga Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Asai K, Ohyama T, Watanabe M, Moriyama H, Kujiraoka M, Watanabe R, Shigeta K, Kakizaki N, Hagiwara O, Saida Y. Validation of a surgical difficulty grading system in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024; 31:80-88. [PMID: 37803518 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis varies from case to case, and appropriate intraoperative evaluation would help prevent bile duct injury (BDI). METHODS We analyzed 178 patients who underwent LC for acute cholecystitis. Expert surgeons and trainees individually evaluated the surgical difficulty. The inter-rater agreement was analyzed using Conger's κ and Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC). Furthermore, we analyzed the predictive surgical difficulty item for performing subtotal cholecystectomy (STC). RESULTS Regarding the inter-rater agreement between expert surgeons and trainees, 15 of the 17 surgical difficulty items had a Gwet's AC of 0.5 or higher, indicating "moderate" agreement or higher. Furthermore, the highest and total surgical difficulty scores were deemed "substantial" agreement. Scarring and dense fibrotic changes around the Calot's triangle area with easy bleeding with/without necrotic changes were predictive of whether STC should be performed. CONCLUSIONS This surgical difficulty grading system is expected to be a tool that can be used by any surgeon with LC experience. STC should be performed to prevent BDI according to the changes around the Calot's triangle area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hodaka Moriyama
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kujiraoka
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Kakizaki
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osahiko Hagiwara
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Saida
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Alius C, Serban D, Bratu DG, Tribus LC, Vancea G, Stoica PL, Motofei I, Tudor C, Serboiu C, Costea DO, Serban B, Dascalu AM, Tanasescu C, Geavlete B, Cristea BM. When Critical View of Safety Fails: A Practical Perspective on Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1491. [PMID: 37629781 PMCID: PMC10456257 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of common bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains three times higher than that following open surgery despite numerous attempts to decrease intraoperative incidents by employing better training, superior surgical instruments, imaging techniques, or strategic concepts. This paper is a narrative review which discusses from a contextual point of view the need to standardise the surgical approach in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies, the main strategic operative concepts and techniques, complementary visualisation aids for the delineation of anatomical landmarks, and the importance of cognitive maps and algorithms in performing safer LC. Extensive research was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier databases using the terms "difficult cholecystectomy", "bile duct injuries", "safe cholecystectomy", and "laparoscopy in acute cholecystitis". The key content and findings of this research suggest there is high intersocietal variation in approaching and performing LC, in the use of visualisation aids, and in the application of safety concepts. Limited papers offer guidelines based on robust data and a timid recognition of the human factors and ergonomic concepts in improving the outcomes associated with difficult cholecystectomies. This paper highlights the most relevant recommendations for dealing with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Alius
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Fourth General Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Serban
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Fourth General Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Georgian Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Lucian Blaga”, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (D.G.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Laura Carina Tribus
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilfov Emergency Clinic Hospital Bucharest, 022104 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geta Vancea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Third Clinical Infectious Disease Department, Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases “Dr. Victor Babes”, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Lorin Stoica
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Fourth General Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Motofei
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Clinic Hospital “Sf. Pantelimon” Bucharest, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Tudor
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
- Fourth General Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Crenguta Serboiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- General Surgery Department, Emergency County Hospital Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Bogdan Serban
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Dascalu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Ciprian Tanasescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Lucian Blaga”, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (D.G.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bogdan Geavlete
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Bogdan Mihai Cristea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.); (G.V.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (A.M.D.); (B.G.); (B.M.C.)
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Cai H, Du J, Luo C, Li S. External application of mirabilite before surgery can reduce the inflammatory response and accelerate recovery in mild acute biliary pancreatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:264. [PMID: 37532999 PMCID: PMC10394763 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP) is one of the most common diseases that require surgical treatment. Previous studies have focused on the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for MABP. However, the impact of its inflammatory response process on the clinical outcome has been rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative external application of mirabilite on the inflammatory response and clinical efficacy in MABP. METHODS Medical records of patients undergoing LC due to MABP from November 2017 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Prior to surgery, the control group received the same baseline treatment measures as the study group. The difference was the addition of external application of mirabilite in the study group. RESULTS A total of 75 patients were included in the final analysis: 38 patients in the mirabilite group and 37 patients in the control group. Repeated-measures ANOVA (P < 0.01) showed that the white blood cell count (WBC) on the 3rd day of admission and the WBC and C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the 5th day of admission decreased rapidly and significantly in the mirabilite group, compared with the control group. The mirabilite group had earlier anal exhaust time. The number of patients in the mirabilite group and control group with gallbladder wall ≥ 3 mm before the operation was 16 (42.11%) vs. 24 (64.86%), p = 0.048, respectively; and the number of cases with surgical drain placement was 2 (5.26%) vs. 9 (24.32%), p = 0.020, respectively. The intraoperative modified American Fertility Society (mAFS) score of adhesions was lower in the mirabilite group (1.08 ± 0.59 points) than in the control group (1.92 ± 0.60 points), p = 0.000. The mirabilite group, compared to the control group, p = 0.000, had a short waiting time for surgery (5.68 ± 0.70 days vs. 6.54 ± 0.59 days), short operation time (38.03 ± 5.90 min vs. 48.51 ± 8.37 min), and reduced hospitalization time (8.95 ± 0.96 days vs. 9.84 ± 1.07 days). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that preoperative external application of mirabilite can reduce the inflammatory response, decrease the edema and peribiliary adhesions at the surgical site, and accelerate recovery in MABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining city, Sichuan Province, 629000, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining city, Sichuan Province, 629000, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining city, Sichuan Province, 629000, China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Liu YQ, Wang C, Cai X, Zheng ZX, Bi JT. Can the parkland grading scale predict the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A new approach to validation. BMC Surg 2023; 23:142. [PMID: 37231385 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parkland Grading Scale (PGS) is an intraoperative grading scale to stratify gallbladder disease severity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). We evaluated the usefulness of the PGS in predicting the difficulty levels of LC procedures using a novel approach. METHODS A total of 261 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis who underwent LC were assessed. The PGS and the surgical difficulty grading system were used to evaluate surgical procedures by reviewing the operation videos. Clinical baseline characteristics and post-treatment outcomes were also recorded. Differences between the five PGS grades in terms of surgical difficulty scores were analyzed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. The relationship between PGS grades and surgical difficulty scores was assessed using Spearman's Rank correlation. Finally, the linear trends between morbidity scores and PGS grades were evaluated using the Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the surgical difficulty scores for the five PGS grades (p < 0.001). In pairwise comparison, each grade (1-5) was significantly different from the others (p < 0.05) in terms of surgical difficulty, except Grade 2 vs. 3 (p = 0.07) and Grade 3 vs. 4 (p = 0.08). There was a significant correlation between PGS grades and surgical difficulty scores (rs = 0.681, p < 0.001). There was also a significant linear association between morbidity and PGS grades (p < 0.001). Spearman's R value was 0.176 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The PGS can accurately assess the surgical difficulty level of LC. The precision and conciseness of the PGS make it suitable for use in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Jing-Tao Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
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10
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Matsumura M, Seyama Y, Takao M, Okinaga H, Ogawa R, Nemoto S, Tani K. Body-first approach of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for minimizing vasculobiliary injury: Initial experience. Asian J Endosc Surg 2023. [PMID: 36650019 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasculobiliary injury (VBI) is a rare but critical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). Dividing first the gallbladder body and then the gallbladder neck from the gallbladder bed (the "body-first approach") may decrease the possibility of VBI. METHODS The surgical outcome of 62 patients who underwent Lap-C with a body-first approach were evaluated. In this procedure, after serosal resection of the gallbladder, the gallbladder body is divided from the cystic plate; then the gallbladder neck and cystic duct are isolated. No connective tissue of the hepatic hilum is touched. RESULTS A total of five patients had anatomical anomalies of the biliary tract that raised concerns of cholecystectomy. Furthermore, seven patients underwent subtotal cholecystectomy. No patients required conversion to open surgery, and none developed VBI or postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3a or worse. CONCLUSION The body-first approach may minimize the risk of VBI during Lap-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Seyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Takao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nemoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Tani
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Yan Y, Hua Y, Yuan W, Zhu X, Du Y, Zhu S, Wang B. Utility of Tokyo Guidelines 2018 in early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild and moderate acute calculus cholecystitis: A retrospective cohort study. Front Surg 2023; 9:1022258. [PMID: 36726949 PMCID: PMC9885794 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1022258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) proposed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) irrespective of the duration of symptoms. This retrospective study assessed the impact of utility of TG18 in early LC for ACC. Methods From 2018 to 2020, 66 patients with mild (grade I) and moderate (grade II) ACC who underwent early surgery were studied. Subgroup analyses were based on timing of surgery and operation time. Results A total of 32 and 34 patients were operated within and beyond 7 days since ACC onset. More patients with grade II ACC were in the beyond 7 days group (P < 0.05). More patients with enlarged gallbladder were in the within 7 days group (P < 0.05). The duration of symptoms to admission, symptoms to LC, and operation time were longer in the beyond 7 days group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences regarding intraoperative blood loss, conversion to bail-out procedures, complication rate, hospital stay, and cost between the two groups (P > 0.05). Longer operation time was significantly associated with duration of symptoms to admission, symptoms to LC, and conversion to laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) (P < 0.05). Conclusion In a subset of carefully selected patients, applying TG18 in early LC for mild and moderate ACC results in acceptable clinical outcomes. Standardized safe steps and conversion to LSC in difficult cases are important.
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12
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Fujinaga A, Hirashita T, Iwashita Y, Kawamura M, Nakanuma H, Kawasaki T, Kawano Y, Masuda T, Endo Y, Ohta M, Inomata M. An additional port in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy for surgical safety. Asian J Endosc Surg 2022; 15:737-744. [PMID: 35505453 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tokyo Guidelines 2018, clinical practice guidelines for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, recommend bailout procedures to prevent bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for difficult gallbladder. We first insert an additional port (AP) for difficult gallbladder that may require bailout procedures. Because the usefulness of an AP during LC is unclear, we therefore examined the efficacy of the AP during LC in this study. METHODS Data were collected from 115 patients who underwent LC for acute cholecystitis in our department. The indications for AP were excessive bleeding, scarring, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle. AP was inserted into the right middle abdomen so as not to interfere with other trocars and was used by the assistant. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on AP use during LC. RESULTS AP was inserted in 19 patients during LC (AP group). The indications for AP were excessive bleeding in nine patients, scarring around Calot's triangle in seven patients, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle in three patients. Open conversion was performed in two patients in the non-AP group. BDI occurred in one patient in the non-AP group. In patients with Difficulty Score 3, operation time was significantly shorter (P = .038) and Critical View of Safety (CVS) score was significantly higher in the AP group (P = .046). CONCLUSION AP is useful in patients with excessive bleeding to shorten operation time and increase the CVS score. AP may be one useful option for difficult gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takahide Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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13
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Utsumi M, Sakurai Y, Narusaka T, Tokunaga N, Kitada K, Hamano R, Tsunemitsu Y, Miyasou H, Otsuka S, Inagaki M. C-reactive protein to albumin ratio predicts difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis diagnosed according to the Tokyo Guidelines 2018. Asian J Endosc Surg 2022; 15:487-494. [PMID: 35137536 DOI: 10.1111/ases.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) may increase the risk of complications and extend the duration of hospitalization. The aims of this study were to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) for DLC in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) diagnosed according to the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 and to develop a preoperative predictive model for DLC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 205 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy for AC between January 2012 and December 2020. We defined DLC cases as having one of the following factors: blood loss ≥50 mL, operative time ≥150 minutes, or conversion to open surgery. We classified the remaining cases into the non-DLC group. RESULTS Overall, 127 (62.0%) and 78 (38.0%) patients were grouped into the DLC and non-DLC groups, respectively. Patients in the DLC group had: higher severity grade, which was assessed using the Tokyo Guidelines 2018; higher incidence of postoperative complications; and more hospitalization days than those in the non-DLC group. Multivariate analysis revealed that male, CAR (≥3.20), and pericholecystic fat hyperdensity on computed tomography (CT) were independent predictors of DLC. We developed a predictive scoring system for DLC based on these three factors (cutoff value, 2.0; area under the curve, 0.75; sensitivity, 71.7%; and specificity, 70.5%). CONCLUSION CAR could predict DLC independently in AC patients. We identified male gender, CAR, and pericholecystic fat hyperdensity on CT as predictive factors for DLC and established a preoperative prediction system based on these three factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Utsumi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Yuya Sakurai
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Toru Narusaka
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Koji Kitada
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hamano
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsunemitsu
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyasou
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Shinya Otsuka
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
| | - Masaru Inagaki
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama City, Japan
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14
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Manuel-Vázquez A, Latorre-Fragua R, Alcázar C, Requena PM, de la Plaza R, Blanco Fernández G, Serradilla-Martín M, Ramia JM. Reaching a consensus on the definition of "difficult" cholecystectomy among Spanish experts. A Delphi project. A qualitative study. Int J Surg 2022; 102:106649. [PMID: 35525412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being able to predict preoperatively the difficulty of a cholecystectomy can increase safety and improve results. However, there is a need to reach a consensus on the definition of a cholecystectomy as "difficult". The aim of this study is to achieve a national expert consensus on this issue. METHODS A two-round Delphi study was performed. Based on the previous literature, history of biliary pathology, preoperative clinical, analytical, and radiological data, and intraoperative findings were selected as variables of interest and rated on a Likert scale. Inter-rater agreement was defined as "unanimous" when 100% of the participants gave an item the same rating on the Likert scale; as "consensus" when ≥80% agreed; as "majority" when the agreement was ≥70%. The delta of change between the two rounds was calculated. RESULTS After the two rounds, the criteria that reached "consensus" were bile duct injury (96.77%), non-evident anatomy (93.55%), Mirizzi syndrome (93.55%), severe inflammation of Calot's triangle (90.32%), conversion to laparotomy (87.10%), time since last acute cholecystitis (83.87%), scleroatrophic gallbladder (80.65%) and pericholecystic abscess (80.65%). CONCLUSION The ability to predict difficulty in cholecystectomy offers important advantages in terms of surgical safety. As a preliminary step, the items that define a surgical procedure as difficult should be established. Standardization of the criteria can provide scores to predict difficulty both preoperatively and intraoperatively, and thus allow the comparison of groups of similar difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J M Ramia
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Spain
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15
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Moon HH, Jo JH, Choi YI, Shin DH. Validation of the association of the cystic duct fibrosis score with surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.21.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The level of surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy might be predictable based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings indicative of cholecystitis severity. Several scales for laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been developed, but most are complex, unverified, and not widely adopted. This study evaluated the association of the cystic duct fibrosis score (range, 0–3) with surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Between July 2018 and November 2018, 163 laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases were retrospectively reviewed at a single center. Patients’ demographics, preoperative laboratory data, operation time, complications, hospital stay, and cholecystitis severity grade were investigated. We also evaluated the associations of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 and the Parkland grading scale with the cystic fibrosis score. Results: The cystic duct fibrosis score was associated with preoperative white blood cells (<i>p</i><0.001), preoperative platelet count (<i>p</i>=0.046), preoperative total bilirubin (<i>p</i><0.004), preoperative C-reactive protein (<i>p</i><0.001), operation time (<i>p</i><0.001), cystic duct ligation time (<i>p</i>=0.002), estimated blood loss (<i>p</i><0.001), postoperative complication (<i>p</i>=0.004), open conversion (<i>p</i><0.001), and common bile duct injury (<i>p</i>=0.010). The cystic duct fibrosis score was also correlated with the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 and the Parkland grading scale (<i>p</i><0.001). The cystic duct ligation time predicted the cystic duct fibrosis score and the Parkland grading scale, but not the Tokyo Guidelines 2018.Conclusion: As a simple indicator of cholecystitis severity, the cystic duct fibrosis score can predict the surgical difficulty and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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16
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Vannucci M, Laracca GG, Mercantini P, Perretta S, Padoy N, Dallemagne B, Mascagni P. Statistical models to preoperatively predict operative difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review. Surgery 2021; 171:1158-1167. [PMID: 34776259 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty is highly variable and influences outcomes. This systematic review analyzes the performance and clinical value of statistical models to preoperatively predict laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched until June 2020. Primary studies developing or validating preoperative models predicting laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty in cohorts of >100 patients were included. Studies not reporting performance metrics or enough information for clinical implementation were excluded. Data were extracted according to CHARMS, and study quality was assessed using the PROBAST tool. RESULTS In total, 2,654 articles were identified, and 22 met eligibility criteria. Eighteen were model development, whereas 4 were validation studies. Eighteen studies were at high risk of bias. However, 11 studies showed low concern for applicability. Identified models predict 9 definitions of laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty, the most common being conversion to open surgery and operating time. The most validated models predict an intraoperative difficulty scale and procedures >90 minutes with an area under the curve of >0.70 and >0.76, respectively. Commonly used predictors include demographic variables such as age and gender (9/18 models) and ultrasound findings such as gallbladder wall thickness (11/18). Clinical implementation was never studied. CONCLUSION There is a longstanding interest in estimating laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty. Models to preoperatively predict laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty have generally good performance and seem applicable. However, an unambiguous definition of operative difficulty, validations, and clinical studies are needed to implement patients' stratification in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vannucci
- University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France
| | - Giovanni Guglielmo Laracca
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France; Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mercantini
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Perretta
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France; Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Strasbourg, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Padoy
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Strasbourg, France; ICube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Dallemagne
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Pietro Mascagni
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Strasbourg, France; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Asai K, Iwashita Y, Ohyama T, Endo I, Hibi T, Umezawa A, Suzuki K, Watanabe M, Kurata M, Mori Y, Higashida M, Kumamoto Y, Shindoh J, Yoshida M, Honda G, Misawa T, Abe Y, Nagakawa Y, Toyota N, Yamada S, Norimizu S, Matsumura N, Sata N, Sunagawa H, Ito M, Takeda Y, Nakamura Y, Rikiyama T, Higuchi R, Gocho T, Honma Y, Hirashita T, Kanemoto H, Nozawa M, Watanabe Y, Kohga A, Yazawa T, Tajima H, Nakahira S, Asaoka T, Yoshioka R, Fukuzawa J, Fujioka S, Hata D, Haruta H, Asano Y, Nomura R, Matsumoto J, Kameyama N, Miyoshi A, Urakami H, Seyama Y, Morikawa T, Kawano Y, Ikoma H, Kin T, Takada T, Yamamoto M. Application of a novel surgical difficulty grading system during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 29:758-767. [PMID: 34748289 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of bile duct injury and vasculo-biliary injury while performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an unsolved problem. Clarifying the surgical difficulty using intraoperative findings can greatly contribute to the pursuit of best practices for acute cholecystitis. In this study, multiple evaluators assessed surgical difficulty items in unedited videos and then constructed a proposed surgical difficulty grading. METHODS We previously assembled a library of typical video clips of the intraoperative findings for all LC surgical difficulty items in acute cholecystitis. Fifty-one experts on LC assessed unedited surgical videos. Inter-rater agreement was assessed by Fleiss's κ and Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC). RESULTS Except for one item ("edematous change"), κ or AC exceeded 0.5, so the typical videos were judged to be applicable. The conceivable surgical difficulty gradings were analyzed. According to the assessment of difficulty factors, we created a surgical difficulty grading system (agreement probability = 0.923, κ = 0.712, 90% CI: 0.587-0.837; AC2 = 0.870, 90% CI: 0.768-0.972). CONCLUSION The previously published video clip library and our novel surgical difficulty grading system should serve as a universal objective tool to assess surgical difficulty in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Kurata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Higashida
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Shindoh
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Goro Honda
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toyota
- Department of Surgery, Tsudanuma Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Norimizu
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Naohiro Sata
- Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jicji Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Honma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nozawa
- Department of Surgery, Shimada Municipal Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kohga
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehisa Yazawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tajima
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Nakahira
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yoshioka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuzawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daigo Hata
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Haruta
- Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jicji Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukio Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Joe Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kameyama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, KKR Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saga-ken Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidejiro Urakami
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Seyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chibahokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Kin
- Department of Surgery, Sainokuni Higashiomiya Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sgaramella LI, Gurrado A, Pasculli A, de Angelis N, Memeo R, Prete FP, Berti S, Ceccarelli G, Rigamonti M, Badessi FGA, Solari N, Milone M, Catena F, Scabini S, Vittore F, Perrone G, de Werra C, Cafiero F, Testini M. The critical view of safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Strasberg Yes or No? An Italian Multicentre study. Surg Endosc 2021; 35:3698-3708. [PMID: 32780231 PMCID: PMC8195809 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder lithiasis; nevertheless, the incidence of bile duct injuries (BDI) is still high (0.3-0.8%) compared to open cholecystectomy (0.2%). In 1995, Strasberg introduced the "Critical View of Safety" (CVS) to reduce the risk of BDI. Despite its widespread use, the scientific evidence supporting this technique to prevent BDI is controversial. METHODS Between March 2017 and March 2019, the data of patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 30 Italian surgical departments were collected on a national database. A survey was submitted to all members of Italian Digestive Pathology Society to obtain data on the preoperative workup, the surgical and postoperative management of patients and to judge, at the end of the procedure, if the isolation of the elements was performed according to the CVS. In the case of a declared critical view, iconographic documentation was obtained, finally reviewed by an external auditor. RESULTS Data from 604 patients were analysed. The study population was divided into two groups according to the evidence (Group A; n = 11) or absence (Group B; N = 593) of BDI and perioperative bleeding. The non-use of CVS was found in 54.6% of procedures in the Group A, and 25.8% in the Group B, and evaluating the operator-related variables the execution of CVS was associated with a significantly lower incidence of BDI and intraoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS The CVS confirmed to be the safest technique to recognize the elements of the Calot triangle and, if correctly performed, it significantly impacted on preventing intraoperative complications. Additional educational programs on the correct application of CVS in clinical practice would be desirable to avoid extreme conditions that may require additional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola de Angelis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est (UEP), Créteil, France
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Berti
- Department of General Surgery, “Sant’Andrea” Hospital La Spezia, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Graziano Ceccarelli
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, San Donato Hospital, via Pietro Nenni 20-22, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Solari
- Department of Surgery, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II” University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fausto Catena
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Scabini
- Department of Surgery, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Vittore
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Perrone
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo de Werra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II” University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Cafiero
- Department of Surgery, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Testini
- Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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19
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Wang CC, Tseng MH, Wu SW, Yang TW, Sung WW, Wang YT, Lee HL, Shiu BH, Lin CC, Tsai MC. The Role of Series Cholecystectomy in High Risk Acute Cholecystitis Patients Who Underwent Gallbladder Drainage. Front Surg 2021; 8:630916. [PMID: 33659271 PMCID: PMC7917216 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.630916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholecystectomy (CCY) is the only definitive therapy for acute cholecystitis. We conducted this study to evaluate which patients may not benefit from further CCY after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) has been performed in acute cholecystitis patients. Methods: Acute cholecystitis patients with PTGBD treatment were selected from one million random samples from the National Health Insurance Research Database obtained between January 2004 and December 2010. Recurrent biliary events (RBEs), RBE-related medical costs, RBE-related mortality rate and an RBE-free survival curve were compared in patients who accepted CCY within 2 months and patients without CCY within 2 months after the index admission. Results: Three hundred and sixty-five acute cholecystitis patients underwent PTGBD at the index admission. A total of 190 patients underwent further CCY within 2 months after the index admission. The other 175 patients did not accept further CCY within 2 months after the index admission. RBE-free survival was significantly better in the CCY within 2 months group (60 vs. 42%, p < 0.001). The RBE-free survival of the CCY within 2 months group was similar to that of the no CCY within 2 months group in patients ≥ 80 years old and patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score ≥ 9. Conclusions: We confirmed CCY after PTGBD reduced RBEs, RBE-related medical expenses, and the RBE-related mortality rate in patients with acute cholecystitis. In patients who accepted PTGBD, the RBE and survival benefits of subsequent CCY within 2 months became insignificant in patients ≥ 80 years old or with a CCI score ≥ 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hseng Tseng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tung Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Hao Shiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Kurata M, Iwashita Y, Ohyama T, Endo I, Hibi T, Umezawa A, Suzuki K, Watanabe M, Asai K, Mori Y, Higashida M, Kumamoto Y, Shindoh J, Yoshida M, Honda G, Misawa T, Abe Y, Nagakawa Y, Toyota N, Yamada S, Norimizu S, Matsumura N, Sata N, Sunagawa H, Ito M, Takeda Y, Nakamura Y, Rikiyama T, Higuchi R, Gocho T, Ueno K, Kumagai Y, Kanaji S, Takada T, Yamamoto M. Assembling a library of typical surgery video clips to construct a system for assessing the surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 28:255-262. [PMID: 33260262 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore best practices for acute cholecystitis, it is necessary to construct a system to assess the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) based on intraoperative findings. In this study, multiple evaluators assessed videos of LC to assemble a library of typical video clips for 25 intraoperative findings. METHODS We have previously identified 25 items that contribute to surgical difficulty in LC. For each item, roughly 30-second video clips were submitted from videos of LC performed at member institutions. We then selected one typical video from the collected clips based on simple tabulation of the instances of agreement. Inter-rater agreement was assessed with Fleiss's κ and Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC). RESULTS Except in the case of two assessment items ("edematous change" and "easy bleeding"), κ or AC significantly exceeded 0.5 and the typical videos were judged to be applicable. For the two remaining items, the evaluation was repeated after clarifying the definitions of positive and negative findings. Eventually, they were recognized as typical. The completed video clip library contains 31 clips and is divided into five categories (http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/project/index.php?content_id=13). CONCLUSIONS This clip library may be highly useful in clinical settings as a more objective standard for assessing surgical difficulty in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Kurata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Higashida
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junichi Shindoh
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Goro Honda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toyota
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Sainokuni Higashiomiya Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Norimizu
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Suregery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Ueno
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanaji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Koong JK, Ng GH, Ramayah K, Koh PS, Yoong BK. Early identification of the critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography: A randomised controlled study. Asian J Surg 2020; 44:537-543. [PMID: 33223453 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving critical view of safety (CVS) is vital during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). There is no known study determining use of indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography (ICGFC) in early identification of CVS during LC. This study aims to compare use of ICGFC in LC against conventional LC in early identification of CVS. METHODOLOGY Patients undergoing LC in a single centre were randomized into ICGFC-LC and conventional LC. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon and the time taken to achieve CVS from the time of gallbladder fundus retraction was measured. Difficulty level for each surgery was rated and analysed using a modified scoring system (Level 1- Easy to Level 4-Very difficult). RESULTS 63 patients were recruited where mean time (min) to achieve CVS was 22.3 ± 12.9 in ICGFC-LC (n = 30) and 22.8 ± 14.3 in conventional LC (p = 0.867). The time taken to achieve CVS was shorter in ICGFC-LC group across all difficulty levels, although not significant (p > 0.05). No major complication was observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS This study had shown ICGFC-LC reduces time to CVS across all difficulty levels but not statistically significant. ICGFC-LC maybe useful in difficult LC and in surgical training. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT04228835. STUDY GRANT UMMI Surgical - Karl Storz Distributor (Malaysia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kit Koong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
| | - Gaik Huey Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
| | - Kamarajan Ramayah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
| | - Peng Soon Koh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
| | - Boon Koon Yoong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
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22
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Patch-based classification of gallbladder wall vascularity from laparoscopic images using deep learning. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020; 16:103-113. [PMID: 33146850 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-020-02285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we propose a deep learning approach for assessment of gallbladder (GB) wall vascularity from images of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Difficulty in the visualization of GB wall vessels may be the result of fatty infiltration or increased thickening of the GB wall, potentially as a result of cholecystitis or other diseases. METHODS The dataset included 800 patches and 181 region outlines of the GB wall extracted from 53 operations of the Cholec80 video collection. The GB regions and patches were annotated by two expert surgeons using two labeling schemes: 3 classes (low, medium and high vascularity) and 2 classes (low vs. high). Two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures were investigated. Preprocessing (vessel enhancement) and post-processing (late fusion of CNN output) techniques were applied. RESULTS The best model yielded accuracy 94.48% and 83.77% for patch classification into 2 and 3 classes, respectively. For the GB wall regions, the best model yielded accuracy 91.16% (2 classes) and 80.66% (3 classes). The inter-observer agreement was 91.71% (2 classes) and 78.45% (3 classes). Late fusion analysis allowed the computation of spatial probability maps, which provided a visual representation of the probability for each vascularity class across the GB wall region. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first significant step forward to assess the vascularity of the GB wall from intraoperative images based on computer vision and deep learning techniques. The classification performance of the CNNs was comparable to the agreement of two expert surgeons. The approach may be used for various applications such as for classification of LC operations and context-aware assistance in surgical education and practice.
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23
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Fujinaga A, Iwashita Y, Tada K, Watanabe K, Kawasaki T, Masuda T, Hirashita T, Endo Y, Ohta M, Inomata M. Efficacy of releasing impacted gallstones after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis and consideration of the surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:993-999. [PMID: 33128850 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is considered difficult in patients with an impacted gallstone (IG). We examined the efficacy of releasing an IG after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for acute cholecystitis (AC) and the usefulness of the Difficulty Score (DS) proposed in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018. METHODS Data were collected from 28 patients who underwent LC after PTGBD for AC caused by an IG in our department. The IG was released by flushing the gallbladder with saline or performing cholecystography. Release of the IG was evaluated based on cholecystography or drainage findings. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by comparing whether the IG could be released. RESULTS Nine patients had an IG (IG group) and 19 had a released IG at the time of surgery. Operation time was significantly longer (P = .008), Critical View of Safety score was significantly lower (P = .019), and DS was significantly higher (P < .001) in the IG group. In multivariate analysis, DS was the only independent factor for operation time (odds ratio = 8.943, 95% confidence interval 1.179-167.032; P = .033). CONCLUSION Releasing an IG may reduce surgical difficulty and maintain surgical safety. DS can be useful in predicting surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kiminori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takahide Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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24
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Bourgouin S, Monchal T, Julien C, d'Argouges F, Balandraud P. Early versus delayed cholecystectomy for cholecystitis at high risk of operative difficulties: A propensity score-matching analysis. Am J Surg 2020; 221:1061-1068. [PMID: 33066954 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated the superiority of early (EC) over delayed (DC) cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (AC). However, none have assessed the effect of operative difficulty when reporting on treatment outcomes. METHODS Outcomes of patients who underwent EC or DC between 2010 and 2019 were compared taking into account the operative difficulty evaluated by the Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy score (DiLC). For each patient, the DiLC score was retrospectively calculated and corresponded to the foreseeable operative difficulty measured on admission for AC. A propensity score was used to account for confounders. Primary endpoints were the length of stay (LOS) and the occurrence of a serious operative/post-operative event (SOE). RESULTS DC in patients with DiLC≥10 reduced the risk of SOE without increasing the LOS. Conversely, DC in patients with DiLC<10 increased the LOS without improving outcomes. Multivariate analysis found EC in patients with DiLC≥10 as the main independent predictor of SOE. CONCLUSIONS Provided prospective validation, DC for AC in patients with DiLC≥10 seems safer than EC and is not hospital-stay consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bourgouin
- Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Toulon, France.
| | - Tristan Monchal
- Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Toulon, France
| | - Clément Julien
- Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Toulon, France
| | - Florent d'Argouges
- Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Toulon, France
| | - Paul Balandraud
- Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Toulon, France; French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
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25
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Omiya K, Hiramatsu K, Kato T, Shibata Y, Yoshihara M, Aoba T, Arimoto A, Ito A. Preoperative MRI for predicting pathological changes associated with surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. BJS Open 2020; 4:1137-1145. [PMID: 32894010 PMCID: PMC7709376 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe inflammation with necrosis and fibrosis of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis increases operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to assess the use of preoperative MRI in predicting pathological changes of the gallbladder associated with surgical difficulty. METHODS Patients who underwent both preoperative MRI and early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between 2012 and 2018 were identified retrospectively. On the basis of the layered pattern of the gallbladder wall on MRI, patients were classified into three groups: high signal intensity (HSI), intermediate signal intensity (ISI), and low signal intensity (LSI). The endpoint was the presence of pathological changes of the gallbladder associated with surgical difficulty, such as necrosis, abscess formation and fibrosis. RESULTS Of 229 eligible patients, pathological changes associated with surgical difficulty were found in 17 (27 per cent) of 62 patients in the HSI group, 84 (85 per cent) of 99 patients in the ISI group, and 66 (97 per cent) of 68 patients in the LSI group (P < 0·001). For detecting these changes, intermediate to low signal intensity of the gallbladder wall had a sensitivity of 90 (95 per cent c.i. 84 to 94) per cent, specificity of 73 (60 to 83) per cent and accuracy of 85 (80 to 90) per cent. CONCLUSION Preoperative MRI predicted pathological changes associated with surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Omiya
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - K. Hiramatsu
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - T. Kato
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - Y. Shibata
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - M. Yoshihara
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - T. Aoba
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - A. Arimoto
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
| | - A. Ito
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal Hospital50 Hakken‐Nishi, Aotake‐cho,Toyohashi CityAichi Prefecture440‐8570Japan
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Thapar P, Salvi P, Killedar M, Roji P, Rokade M. Utility of Tokyo guidelines and intraoperative safety steps in improving the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in complex acute calculus cholecystitis: a prospective study. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:4231-4240. [PMID: 32875415 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in complicated acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) poses multiple challenges. This prospective, observational study assessed the utility and safety of a set protocol and intraoperative steps in LC for complex ACC. METHODS All cases of ACC from 2008 to 2018 were graded as per Tokyo guidelines; moderate and severe ACC were termed as 'complex ACC (CACC).' Patients were subjected to upfront LC or percutaneous drainage (PCD) followed by LC. Seven intraoperative safety steps were used to achieve critical view of safety (CVS). Use of safety steps, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay were compared between moderate and severe ACC; complications were classified using Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS We analyzed 145 patients with moderate (74.5%) and severe (25.5%) ACC. There were significantly more male (p = 0.0059) and older (p = 0.0006) patients with severe ACC. Upfront LC was performed in 81.4%; PCD required in 6.9%. Timing of LC from symptom onset was < 1 week (53.1%), 2-5 weeks (28.3%), and ≥ 6 weeks (18.6%). CVS was achieved in 97.2%, subtotal cholecystectomy performed in 2.8%, conversion rate was 1.4%, major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade IIIa and IIIb) were seen in 4.1%, no bile duct injury, and mortality was 0.7%. The outcomes were similar irrespective of timing of intervention. CONCLUSION The study concludes that preoperative assessment by Tokyo guidelines, algorithmic plan of treatment and use of intraoperative safety steps results in favorable outcome of LC in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Thapar
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Jupiter Hospital, Off Eastern Express Highway, Thane, Maharashtra, 400 601, India.
| | - Prashant Salvi
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Jupiter Hospital, Off Eastern Express Highway, Thane, Maharashtra, 400 601, India
| | - Madhura Killedar
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Jupiter Hospital, Off Eastern Express Highway, Thane, Maharashtra, 400 601, India
| | - Philip Roji
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Jupiter Hospital, Off Eastern Express Highway, Thane, Maharashtra, 400 601, India
| | - Muktachand Rokade
- Department of Radiology, Jupiter Hospital, Off Eastern Express Highway, Thane, Maharashtra, 400 601, India
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Nakazawa A, Akamatsu N, Miyata Y, Komagome M, Maki A, Arita J, Ishizawa T, Kaneko J, Beck Y, Hasegawa K. Usefulness of preoperative drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography for predicting surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 27:315-323. [PMID: 31971340 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC-CT) is a major preoperative modality used for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS This study included 218 patients for whom preoperative DIC-CT images were obtained prior to undergoing LC. The association between gallbladder (GB) opacification in DIC-CT and the operative time was assessed. RESULTS The GB opacification on the DIC-CT images was classified as follows: Grade 0, homogeneous opacification; Grade 1, heterogeneous opacification; Grade 2, only cystic duct can be identified; and Grade 3, no opacification. Images obtained for the 218 patients showed 41 (18.8%) with Grade 0, 91 (41.7%) with Grade 1, 54 (24.8%) with Grade 2, and 32 (14.7%) with Grade 3. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly longer and larger, respectively, in cases classified as Grade 2 or 3 (GB negative) compared with cases classified as Grade 0 or 1 (GB positive). We created an LC difficulty score based on the following variables that were significant independent predictors of increased operative time: GB negativity in DIC-CT (P = .002, 2 points), GB wall thickness (P = .002, 2 points), body mass index (P = .015, 1 point), preoperative alkaline phosphatase value (P = .018, 1 point), and preoperative C-reactive protein value (P = .04, 1 point). The LC difficulty score (Grade A, score 0-2; Grade B, score 3-5; and Grade C, score 6-7) was significantly associated with a prolonged operative time. CONCLUSION Drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography is useful for predicting the surgical difficulty of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakazawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Akamatsu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyata
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Komagome
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Maki
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneko
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Beck
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Wennmacker SZ, Bhimani N, van Dijk AH, Hugh TJ, de Reuver PR. Predicting operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute biliary presentations. ANZ J Surg 2019; 89:1451-1456. [PMID: 31642165 PMCID: PMC6899702 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is advocated in patients with an acute biliary presentation but may require some precaution. We aimed to assess the intra-operative difficulty of cholecystectomy in patients who underwent early intervention, and to establish a prediction model for a 'complicated' LC. METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients presenting to the emergency department with acute biliary symptoms, and who subsequently underwent early LC between 2015 and 2018. Operative difficulty was assessed by standardized grading of intra-operative findings (grades 1-4). Pre-operative predictors for a 'complicated' LC (grades 3/4) were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A prediction model was created using variable regression coefficients. Cut-off and accuracy of the model were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS A total of 185 patients were included and 59% presented with acute cholecystitis. In this cohort 113 (61%) patients underwent a 'complicated' LC. A prediction model for a 'complicated' LC (0-4.5 points) included: clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (2 points), C-reactive protein >10.5 mg/L (1.5 points) and pericholecystic fluid on pre-operative imaging (1 point). A score ≥2.5 had a sensitivity of 77.7%, specificity of 81.7% and positive and negative predictive values of 87.0% and 69.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Early LC may be 'complicated' in up to 60% of cases. The presented prediction model uses readily available information in the emergency department and is a simple but accurate way to predict a likely 'complicated' LC in patients with acute biliary presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Z Wennmacker
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nazim Bhimani
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aafke H van Dijk
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Hugh
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip R de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Endo I. Looking for the best practice for acute cholecystitis. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:228-230. [PMID: 31131350 PMCID: PMC6524391 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
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30
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Does surgical difficulty relate to severity of acute cholecystitis? Validation of the parkland grading scale based on intraoperative findings. Am J Surg 2018; 219:637-641. [PMID: 31718816 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parkland grading scale (PGS) was assessed to validate its correlation to severity of acute cholecystitis (AC). METHODS This study investigated the correlation between the PGS and Tokyo guidelines (TG) using multinomial logistic regression analysis in 177 patients with AC. RESULTS High PGS grades were related to higher C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and frequent gangrenous cholecystitis (p < 0.001). The PGS and TG grades correlated with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Patients with PGS Grade 4 had a higher risk of moderate AC than those with Grade 3 (odds ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-15.6; p = 0.019). The PGS showed good predictive power for moderate or severe AC (area under the curve: 0.771; 95% CI: 0.700-0.842; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION The PGS is helpful to discriminate severity of AC. Patients with PGS Grade 4 or 5 have a high risk of moderate or severe AC.
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31
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von Strauss Und Torney M, Aghlmandi S, Zeindler J, Nowakowski D, Nebiker CA, Kettelhack C, Rosenthal R, Droeser RA, Soysal SD, Hoffmann H, Mechera R. High-resolution standardization reduces delay due to workflow disruptions in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2018; 32:4763-4771. [PMID: 29785458 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal resource utilization in high-cost environments like operating theatres is fundamental in today's cost constrained health care systems. Interruptions of the surgical workflow, i.e. microcomplications (MC), lead to prolonged procedure times and higher costs and can be indicative of surgical mistakes. Reducing MC can improve operating room efficiency and prevent intraoperative complications. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the impact of a high-resolution standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy protocol (HRSL) on operative time and intraoperative interruptions in a teaching hospital. METHODS HRSL consisted of a detailed stepwise protocol for the procedure, supported by a teaching video, both to be reviewed as mandatory preparation by each team member before surgery. Audio-video records of laparoscopic cholecystectomies were reviewed regarding type, frequency and duration of MC before and after implementation of HRSL. RESULTS Thirty-nine (20 control and 19 HRSL) audio-video records of laparoscopic cholecystectomies with a total duration of 51.36 h (28.92 pre 22.44 post) were reviewed. The majority of operations (86%) were performed by teams who had completed less than 10 procedures together previously. Communication-related interruptions and instrument changes accounted for the majority of MC. Median frequency and duration of MC were 95 events/h and 15.6 min/h, respectively, of surgery pre-intervention. With HRSL this was reduced to 76 events/h and 10.6 min/h of operating. In multivariable analysis, HRSL was an independent predictor for shorter delay and lower frequency of MC [percentage decrease 27% (95% CI 18-35%), resp. 30% (95% CI 19-40%)]. Procedure-related risk factors for the longer delay due to MC in multivariable analysis were less experience of the surgeon and intraoperative adhesiolysis. CONCLUSIONS HRSL is effective in reducing delays due to MC in a teaching institution with limited team experience. These findings should be tested in larger potentially cluster-randomized controlled trials. The trial has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03329859.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohelia Aghlmandi
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Zeindler
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora Nowakowski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian A Nebiker
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kettelhack
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henry Hoffmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Wakabayashi G, Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Endo I, Umezawa A, Asai K, Suzuki K, Mori Y, Okamoto K, Pitt HA, Han HS, Hwang TL, Yoon YS, Yoon DS, Choi IS, Huang WSW, Giménez ME, Garden OJ, Gouma DJ, Belli G, Dervenis C, Jagannath P, Chan ACW, Lau WY, Liu KH, Su CH, Misawa T, Nakamura M, Horiguchi A, Tagaya N, Fujioka S, Higuchi R, Shikata S, Noguchi Y, Ukai T, Yokoe M, Cherqui D, Honda G, Sugioka A, de Santibañes E, Supe AN, Tokumura H, Kimura T, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Kitano S, Inomata M, Hirata K, Sumiyama Y, Inui K, Yamamoto M. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: surgical management of acute cholecystitis: safe steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (with videos). JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2018; 25:73-86. [PMID: 29095575 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo-biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC. Since the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), an attempt has been made to assess intraoperative findings as objective indicators of surgical difficulty; based on expert consensus on these difficulty indicators, bail-out procedures (including conversion to open cholecystectomy) have been indicated for cases in which LC for AC is difficult to perform. A bail-out procedure should be chosen if, when the Calot's triangle is appropriately retracted and used as a landmark, a critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved because of the presence of nondissectable scarring or severe fibrosis. We propose standardized safe steps for LC to treat AC. To achieve a CVS, it is vital to dissect at a location above (on the ventral side of) the imaginary line connecting the base of the left medial section (Segment 4) and the roof of Rouvière's sulcus and to fulfill the three criteria of CVS before dividing any structures. Achieving a CVS prevents the misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct, which are most commonly confused. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven M Strasberg
- Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Horacio J Asbun
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Mariano Eduardo Giménez
- Chair of General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery "Taquini" University of Buenos Aires, DAICIM Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O James Garden
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk J Gouma
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Belli
- Department of General and HPB Surgery, Loreto Nuovo Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Palepu Jagannath
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Angus C W Chan
- Department of Surgery, Surgery Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Keng-Hao Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsi Su
- Department of Surgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobumi Tagaya
- Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Noguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ukai
- Department of Family Medicine, Mie Prefectural Ichishi Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yokoe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Hepatobiliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Goro Honda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugioka
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eduardo de Santibañes
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Italiano, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Avinash Nivritti Supe
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Taizo Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.,Department of EBM and Guidelines, Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mayumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Inui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Teaching Hospital, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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Izquierdo Y, Díaz Díaz N, Muñoz N, Guzmán O, Contreras Bustos I, Gutiérrez J. Preoperative factors associated with technical difficulties of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. RADIOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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34
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Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Endo I, Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Pitt HA, Umezawa A, Asai K, Han HS, Hwang TL, Mori Y, Yoon YS, Huang WSW, Belli G, Dervenis C, Yokoe M, Kiriyama S, Itoi T, Jagannath P, Garden OJ, Miura F, Nakamura M, Horiguchi A, Wakabayashi G, Cherqui D, de Santibañes E, Shikata S, Noguchi Y, Ukai T, Higuchi R, Wada K, Honda G, Supe AN, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Gouma DJ, Deziel DJ, Liau KH, Chen MF, Shibao K, Liu KH, Su CH, Chan ACW, Yoon DS, Choi IS, Jonas E, Chen XP, Fan ST, Ker CG, Giménez ME, Kitano S, Inomata M, Hirata K, Inui K, Sumiyama Y, Yamamoto M. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 25:55-72. [PMID: 29045062 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Izquierdo YE, Díaz Díaz NE, Muñoz N, Guzmán OE, Contreras Bustos I, Gutiérrez JS. Preoperative factors associated with technical difficulties of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. RADIOLOGIA 2017; 60:57-63. [PMID: 29173873 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify preoperative factors associated with surgical time and conversion of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open surgery in subjects with acute cholecystitis (AC). METHOD We developed a cross-sectional study that included 99 subjects older than 17 years with definitive diagnosis of AC who had undergone to LC. Preoperative variables such as clinical data, laboratory markers and ultrasound findings as wall thickness, the size of the major calculus and the presence of: perivesicular fluid, multiple cholelithiasis, biliary mud or microlithiasis were registered. We consider indirect measures of technical difficulties of LC the total surgical time and the need for conversion to open surgery. We used the square chi and Mann-Whitney U test to stablish the correlation between preoperative variables and the technical difficulties of LC. We build ROC curves of the variables with significant statistical association (p ≤0.05 and 95% confidence interval [95%CI]) to determine the cut-off points of better sensitivity and specificity to predict conversion of LC to open surgery. RESULTS A gallbladder wall thickness ≥6mm detected by ultrasound has a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 62.6% with OR 11.71 (95%CI: 1.38-99; p = 0.008) for predict conversion to open surgery. There was no relationship between surgical time and the preoperative evaluated variables. CONCLUSION The gallbladder wall thickness detected by the ultrasound is associated with the need of conversion of LC to open surgery in subjects with AC, furthermore this finding could warn the surgeon on the complexity with a particular patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Izquierdo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - N E Díaz Díaz
- Servicio de Radiología, ESE Hospital El Tunal nivel III, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - N Muñoz
- Servicio de Cirugía, ESE Hospital El Tunal nivel III, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - O E Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - I Contreras Bustos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - J S Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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Mori Y, Itoi T, Baron TH, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Ukai T, Shikata S, Noguchi Y, Teoh AYB, Kim MH, Asbun HJ, Endo I, Yokoe M, Miura F, Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Umezawa A, Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Wakabayashi G, Han HS, Yoon YS, Choi IS, Hwang TL, Chen MF, Garden OJ, Singh H, Liau KH, Huang WSW, Gouma DJ, Belli G, Dervenis C, de Santibañes E, Giménez ME, Windsor JA, Lau WY, Cherqui D, Jagannath P, Supe AN, Liu KH, Su CH, Deziel DJ, Chen XP, Fan ST, Ker CG, Jonas E, Padbury R, Mukai S, Honda G, Sugioka A, Asai K, Higuchi R, Wada K, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Hirata K, Sumiyama Y, Inui K, Yamamoto M. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: management strategies for gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis (with videos). JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 25:87-95. [PMID: 28888080 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Iwashita Y, Hibi T, Ohyama T, Umezawa A, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Pitt HA, Han HS, Hwang TL, Suzuki K, Yoon YS, Choi IS, Yoon DS, Huang WSW, Yoshida M, Wakabayashi G, Miura F, Okamoto K, Endo I, de Santibañes E, Giménez ME, Windsor JA, Garden OJ, Gouma DJ, Cherqui D, Belli G, Dervenis C, Deziel DJ, Jonas E, Jagannath P, Supe AN, Singh H, Liau KH, Chen XP, Chan ACW, Lau WY, Fan ST, Chen MF, Kim MH, Honda G, Sugioka A, Asai K, Wada K, Mori Y, Higuchi R, Misawa T, Watanabe M, Matsumura N, Rikiyama T, Sata N, Kano N, Tokumura H, Kimura T, Kitano S, Inomata M, Hirata K, Sumiyama Y, Inui K, Yamamoto M. Delphi consensus on bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evolutionary cul-de-sac or the birth pangs of a new technical framework? JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:591-602. [PMID: 28884962 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a serious iatrogenic surgical complication. BDI most often occurs as a result of misidentification of the anatomy; however, clinical evidence on its precise mechanism and surgeons' perceptions is scarce. Surgeons from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the USA, etc. (n = 614) participated in a questionnaire regarding their BDI experience and near-misses; and perceptions on landmarks, intraoperative findings, and surgical techniques. Respondents voted for a Delphi process and graded each item on a five-point scale. The consensus was built when ≥80% of overall responses were 4 or 5. Response rates for the first- and second-round Delphi were 60.6% and 74.9%, respectively. Misidentification of local anatomy accounted for 76.2% of BDI. Final consensus was reached on: (1) Effective retraction of the gallbladder, (2) Always obtaining critical view of safety, and (3) Avoiding excessive use of electrocautery/clipping as vital procedures; and (4) Calot's triangle area and (5) Critical view of safety as important landmarks. For (6) Impacted gallstone and (7) Severe fibrosis/scarring in Calot's triangle, bail-out procedures may be indicated. A consensus was reached among expert surgeons on relevant landmarks and intraoperative findings and appropriate surgical techniques to avoid BDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Umezawa
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven M Strasberg
- Section of HPB Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Horacio J Asbun
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Division of General Surgery, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Chemotherapy Research Institute, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Miura
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eduardo de Santibañes
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Italianio, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Eduardo Giménez
- Chair of General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery "Taquini", University of Buenos Aires, Argentina DAICIM Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - O James Garden
- Clinical Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk J Gouma
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Hepatobiliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulio Belli
- Department of General and HPB Surgery, Loreto Nuovo Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniel J Deziel
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Surgical Gastroenterology/Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Palepu Jagannath
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Avinash Nivritti Supe
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Harjit Singh
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui-Hin Liau
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Angus C W Chan
- Surgery Centre, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miin-Fu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goro Honda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugioka
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Wada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Taizo Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Fujinomiya City General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, JR Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Inui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Teaching Hospital, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Inoue K, Ueno T, Nishina O, Douchi D, Shima K, Goto S, Takahashi M, Shibata C, Naito H. Optimal timing of cholecystectomy after percutaneous gallbladder drainage for severe cholecystitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28569137 PMCID: PMC5452332 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Tokyo guideline for acute cholecystitis recommended percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage followed by cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis, but the optimal timing for the subsequent cholecystectomy remains controversial. Methods Sixty-seven patients who underwent either laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for severe acute cholecystitis were enrolled and divided into difficult cholecystectomy (group A) and non-difficult cholecystectomy (group B). Patients who had one of these conditions were placed in group A: 1) conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy; 2) subtotal cholecystectomy and/or mucoclasis; 3) necrotizing cholecystitis or pericholecystic abscess formation; 4) tight adhesions around the gallbladder neck; and 5) unsuccessfully treated using PTGBD. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results The interval between percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and cholecystectomy in Group B was longer than that in Group A (631 h vs. 325 h; p = 0.031). Postoperative complications occurred more frequently when the interval was less than 216 h compared to when it was more than 216 h (35.7 vs. 7.6%; p = 0.006). Conclusions Cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis was technically difficult when performed within 216 h after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0631-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koetsu Inoue
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Orie Nishina
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Daisuke Douchi
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shima
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Michinaga Takahashi
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Chikashi Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, 1-12-1 Hukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Naito
- Department of surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, 38-1 Aza-nishi, Ogawara, Shibata-gun, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
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