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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Pang S, He C. Enhanced Energetic Performance via the Combination of Furoxan and Oxa-[5,5]bicyclic Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108846. [PMID: 37240192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new compounds based on the combination of furoxan (1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide) and oxa-[5,5]bicyclic ring were synthesized. Among them, the nitro compound showed satisfactory detonation properties (Dv, 8565 m s-1; P, 31.9 GPa), which is comparable to the performance of RDX (a classic high-energy secondary explosive). Additionally, the introduction of the N-oxide moiety and oxidation of the amino group more effectively improved the oxygen balance and density (d, 1.81 g cm-3; OB%, +2.8%) of the compounds compared to furazan analogues. Combined with good density and oxygen balance as well as moderate sensitivity, this type of furoxan and oxa-[5,5]bicyclic structure will open up a platform for the synthesis and design of new high-energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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2
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Marrs FW, Davis JV, Burch AC, Brown GW, Lease N, Huestis PL, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Chemical Descriptors for a Large-Scale Study on Drop-Weight Impact Sensitivity of High Explosives. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:753-769. [PMID: 36695777 PMCID: PMC9930127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The drop-weight impact test is an experiment that has been used for nearly 80 years to evaluate handling sensitivity of high explosives. Although the results of this test are known to have large statistical uncertainties, it is one of the most common tests due to its accessibility and modest material requirements. In this paper, we compile a large data set of drop-weight impact sensitivity test results (mainly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory), along with a compendium of molecular and chemical descriptors for the explosives under test. These data consist of over 500 unique explosives, over 1000 repeat tests, and over 100 descriptors, for a total of about 1500 observations. We use random forest methods to estimate a model of explosive handling sensitivity as a function of chemical and molecular properties of the explosives under test. Our model predicts well across a wide range of explosive types, spanning a broad range of explosive performance and sensitivity. We find that properties related to explosive performance, such as heat of explosion, oxygen balance, and functional group, are highly predictive of explosive handling sensitivity. Yet, models that omit many of these properties still perform well. Our results suggest that there is not one or even several factors that explain explosive handling sensitivity, but that there are many complex, interrelated effects at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Marrs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Burch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Brown
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | | | - Marc J. Cawkwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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3
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Larin AA, Shaferov AV, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. Novel energetic oxadiazole assemblies. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Kasatkina SO, Geyl KK, Baykov SV, Boyarskaya IA, Boyarskiy VP. Catalyst-free synthesis of substituted pyridin-2-yl, quinolin-2-yl, and isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates from the corresponding hetaryl ureas and alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6059-6065. [PMID: 34137410 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel catalyst-free synthesis of N-pyridin-2-yl, N-quinolin-2-yl, and N-isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates utilizes easily accessible N-hetaryl ureas and alcohols. The proposed environmentally friendly technique is suitable for the good-to-high yielding synthesis of a wide range of N-pyridin-2-yl or N-quinolin-2-yl substituted carbamates featuring electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups in the azine rings and containing various primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl substituents at the oxygen atom (48-94%; 31 examples). The DFT calculation and experimental study showed that the reaction proceeds through the intermediate formation of hetaryl isocyanates. The method can be applied to obtain N-isoquinolin-1-yl carbamates, although in lower yields, and ethyl benzo[h]quinolin-2-yl carbamate has also been successfully synthesized (68%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O Kasatkina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Kirill K Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina A Boyarskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vadim P Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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5
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Benz M, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Lommel M, Stierstorfer J. Nitrocarbamoyl Azide O 2NN(H)C(O)N 3: A Stable but Highly Energetic Member of the Carbonyl Azide Family. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1323-1327. [PMID: 33433207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diazotization of nitrosemicarbazide (1) resulted in the formation and isolation of nitrocarbamoyl azide (2), which was thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic and structural methods. This compound shows surprising stability but also high reactivity and sensitivity, with a melting point of 72 °C and a detonative decomposition point at 83 °C. In addition, five selected salts were synthesized by careful deprotonation. The decomposition mechanism of 2 in solution was investigated and could be clarified by performing experiments using methanol and hydrazine as trapping reagents. The energetic and physicochemical properties of all these compounds were investigated and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Lommel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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6
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Suponitsky KY, Smol'yakov AF, Ananyev IV, Khakhalev AV, Gidaspov AA, Sheremetev AB. 3,4‐Dinitrofurazan: Structural Nonequivalence of
ortho
‐Nitro Groups as a Key Feature of the Crystal Structure and Density. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyrill Y. Suponitsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F. Smol'yakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V. Khakhalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksei B. Sheremetev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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7
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Bi F, Wang B. Energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Bystrov DM, Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. Synthesis and reactivity of aminofuroxans. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Sheremetev AB, Aleksandrova NS, Semyakin SS, Suponitsky KY, Lempert DB. Synthesis and Characterization of 3-(5-(Fluorodinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-nitrofurazan: A Novel Promising Energetic Component of Boron-based Fuels for Rocket Ramjet Engines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4255-4261. [PMID: 31608576 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new energetic 1,2,4-triazole compound bearing nitrofurazanyl and fluorodinitromethyl units, which may find use as a component for rocket ramjet engines (RRE), is described. The target product was prepared in a four-step process applying oxidation/nitration/decarboxylation/fluorination reactions and is fully characterized. Its density and structural features were uniquely determined by X-ray analysis. It is shown that replacing HMX with the compound of this study in boron-based fuels gives an increase in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei B Sheremetev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natali S Aleksandrova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Svyatoslav S Semyakin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - David B Lempert
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russian Federation
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10
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Xiong H, Yang H, Lei C, Yang P, Hu W, Cheng G. Combinations of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole for the generation of high performance energetic materials. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14705-14711. [PMID: 31538636 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several energetic materials, which are composed of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole backbones, were synthesized by nitrating 3,3'-bis(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (2) under 100 wt% HNO3 or 100 wt% HNO3/Ac2O followed by a cation metathesis. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, while 3,3'-bis(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (3) and diammonium 3,3'-bis(5-nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (4a) were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The physicochemical and energetic properties of these compounds including density, thermal stability and sensitivity were investigated. Compounds 3 and 4 have high densities (3: 1.90 g cm-3, 4: 1.92 g cm-3), which are comparable to that of HMX (1.91 g cm-3). All energetic compounds show relatively high calculated heat of formation in the range from 504.79 kJ mol-1 to 1405.62 kJ mol-1. Their detonation properties were evaluated by EXPLO5 code using the measured density and calculated heat of formation. Among them, compounds 3 and 4 have good detonation performance (3: D = 8891 m s-1, P = 34.7 GPa, 4: D = 9505 m s-1, P = 41.3 GPa) and acceptable sensitivities (3: IS = 10 J, 4: IS = 4 J), which indicate their potential applications as high-performance energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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11
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Xiong H, Cheng G, Zhang Z, Yang H. C8N12O10: a promising energetic compound with excellent detonation performance and desirable sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00955h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising energetic molecule bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxid-3-yl)-azo-1,2,4-oxadiazole was synthesized and characterized. It has high density, acceptable thermal stability, high heat of formation, outstanding detonation properties and desirable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University
- Huai'an 223300
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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12
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Tang Y, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Oxidative Cyclization Protocol for the Preparation of Energetic 3-Amino-5-R-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:8039-8042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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