1
|
Wang X, Wang X, Zhao Y, Qi Z. LY103, a pomalidomide derivative, alleviates taxol resistance in NSCLC via energy metabolism crosstalk and tumor microenvironment intervention. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106558. [PMID: 37105001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified HIF 1α as a potential target for reversing taxol resistance in lung cancer by combining bioinformatics analysis with pharmacological analysis. Furthermore, pomalidomide derivative LY103 was also be synthesized by introducing an isatin analogue into the amino terminal ofpomalidomide, and it has a broad antitumor spectrum and showed excellent activity against A549/Taxol cells (IC50 = 6.33 ± 0.51 μM). The results of molecular docking showed that not only LY103 was inclined to bind to HIF 1α stably, it could also form multiple hydrogen bonds with VAL376, ASP256, ILE454, and GLU455 of HIF 1α even was reduced to LY103-NH2 by nitroreductase, which was further stabilized the complex formed by them, thereby inhibiting the activity of HIF 1α. LY103 was able to significantly induce DNA damage and inhibit angiogenesis. Concurrently, LY103 activated the immune response, reduced the expression of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, thus might be inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Pharmacological analysis proved that LY103 led to cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, and its combination with taxol significantly promoted this process. In general, the consumption of glutathione, the crosstalk of energy metabolism, and the improvement of the tumor microenvironment caused by LY103 eventually led to the decrease of ABCC1 protein expression and the drug resistance was reversed. The rational design of LY103 provided a basis for the application of nitro compounds in the treatment of hypoxic tumors and the reversal of taxol resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yongfei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Mini Review on Isatin, an Anticancer Scaffold with Potential Activities against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050536. [PMID: 35631362 PMCID: PMC9146800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin, chemically an indole-1H-2,3-dione, is recognised as one of the most attractive therapeutic fragments in drug design and development. The template has turned out to be exceptionally useful for developing new anticancer scaffolds, as evidenced by the increasing number of isatin-based molecules which are either in clinical use or in trials. Apart from its promising antiproliferative properties, isatin has shown potential in treating Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) not only as a parent core, but also by attenuating the activities of various pharmacophores. The objective of this mini-review is to keep readers up to date on the latest developments in the biological potential of isatin-based scaffolds, targeting cancer and NTDs such as tuberculosis, malaria, and microbial infections.
Collapse
|
3
|
Varpe BD, Kulkarni AA, Jadhav SB, Mali AS, Jadhav SY. Isatin Hybrids and Their Pharmacological Investigations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1182-1225. [PMID: 33302835 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201209213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is an important strategy to design molecules that can be effectively used to treat fatal diseases known to mankind. Molecular hybrids and their pharmacological investigations aided in discovering several potent isatin (Indole 2, 3 dione) derivatives with anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Indole-2,3-dione and their derivatives have diverse pharmacological properties and have a prominent role in the discovery of new drugs. To understand the various approaches for designing new molecules based on isatin nucleus analysis of various pharmacophore hybrids, spacers/linkers between pharmacophores and isatin for hybridization and their biological activities are important. This review discusses the progress in developing isatin hybrids as biologically effective agents and their crucial aspects of design and structure-activity relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja B Jadhav
- PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil S Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravan Y Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, DBF Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 413002, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hassan A, Moustafa GO, Awad HM, Nossier ES, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, Enzymatic Assays, and a Molecular Modeling Study of Novel Pyrazole-Indole Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12361-12374. [PMID: 34056388 PMCID: PMC8154124 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization concept has recently emerged as a powerful approach in drug discovery. A series of novel indole derivatives linked to the pyrazole moiety were designed and developed via a molecular hybridization protocol as antitumor agents. The target compounds (5a-j and 7a-e) were prepared by the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles (1a-e) with N-substituted isatin (4a,b) and 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (6), respectively. All products were characterized via several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds (5a-j and 7a-e) were screened for their cytotoxicity activities in vitro against four human cancer types [human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human liver carcinoma (HepG2), and human lung carcinoma (A549)] using the MTT assay. The obtained results showed that the newly synthesized compounds displayed good-to-excellent antitumor activity. For example, 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-N-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (7a) and 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-3-(phenylamino)-N-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (7b) provided excellent anticancer inhibition performance against the HepG2 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 6.1 ± 1.9 and 7.9 ± 1.9 μM, respectively, compared to the standard reference drug, doxorubicin (IC50 = 24.7 ± 3.2 μM). The two powerful anticancer compounds (7a and 7b) were further subjected to cell cycle analysis and apoptosis investigation in HepG2 using flow cytometry. We have also studied the enzymatic assay of these two compounds against some enzymes, namely, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, and CDK-2. Interestingly, the molecular docking study revealed that compounds 7a and 7b could well embed in the active pocket of the CDK-2 enzyme via different interactions. Overall, the prepared pyrazole-indole hybrids (7a and 7b) can be proposed as strong anticancer candidate drugs against various cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf
S. Hassan
- Organometallic
and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gaber O. Moustafa
- Peptide
Chemistry Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department
of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Mady
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Green Chemistry
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brownsey DK, Rowley BC, Gorobets E, Gelfand BS, Derksen DJ. Rapid synthesis of pomalidomide-conjugates for the development of protein degrader libraries. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4519-4525. [PMID: 34163717 PMCID: PMC8179520 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for the preparation of heterobifunctional pomalidomide-conjugates rely on methods that are often low yielding and produce intractable byproducts. Herein we describe our strategy for the reliable and succinct preparation of pomalidomide-linkers which is essential to the formation of these conjugates. We present the preparation of 18 pomalidomide-linkers in high yield compared to current literature methods. Our findings show that secondary amines consistently afford greater yields than their primary counterparts, a trend that we were able to exploit in the synthesis of several new pomalidomide homo-dimers in enhanced yields compared to similar literature syntheses. This trend was further utilised to develop the first one-pot synthesis of JQ1-pomalidomide conjugates in yields up to 62%, providing a method that is suited to rapid preparation of conjugate libraries as is frequently required for the development of new protein degraders. Current methods for the preparation of heterobifunctional pomalidomide-conjugates rely on methods that are often low yielding and produce intractable byproducts. Herein we describe our strategy for the succinct preparation of pomalidomide-linkers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chauhan G, Pathak DP, Ali F, Bhutani R, Kapoor G, Khasimbi S. Advances in Synthesis, Derivatization and Bioactivity of Isatin: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:37-74. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924150907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Isatin (IST) is a crucial pharmacologically active compound, chemically known as indole-
1H-2,3-dione. Development of different IST based analogues acquired significant awareness because of its
pronounced therapeutic importance such as analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimicrobial,
antifungal, antiviral (effective against SARS coronavirus 3C protease) and many other activities, and represents
an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of many useful
drugs.
Objective:
Previously, many articles were reported on IST synthesis and its different pharmacological activities
but herein, we mentioned 59 different synthesis schemes of several IST derivatives/hybrids derived from the substitution
of the nitrogen, aromatic ring, the second and third position of IST along with most potent molecule
among each of synthesized libraries with their structural activity relationship (SAR). Using these standardized
approaches, several biologically important compounds were developed like sunitinib, nintedanib, indirubin, etc
and several studies have been carried out nowadays to develop newer compounds having fewer side effects and
also overcome the problem of resistance.
Conclusion:
This report critically reviews the different strategies for the designs and synthesis of several IST
based compounds having different biological activities with SAR, which can favour further investigation and
modification for the development of new and more potent entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rubina Bhutani
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G D Goenka University, Gurugram, Sohna, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad- Meerut Highway, NH-58, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (DIPSAR),Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding Z, Zhou M, Zeng C. Recent advances in isatin hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900367. [PMID: 31960987 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The isatin framework is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This is exemplified by the fact that several isatin-based anticancer agents, such as semaxanib, sunitinib, nintedanib, and hesperadin, are already in use or under clinical trials for the treatment of diverse kinds of cancers. Isatin-based hybrids could be obtained by incorporating other anticancer pharmacophores into the isatin skeleton and they have the potential to overcome drug resistance with reduced side effects. Thus, isatin-based hybrids may provide attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review covers the recent advances of isatin-based hybrids with anticancer activity, covering articles published between 2001 and 2019. The anticancer activities of these molecules and the structure-activity relationships are also discussed. The purpose of this review article is to set up the direction for the design and development of isatin-based hybrids with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panga S, Podila NK, Ciddi V. Synthesis and Ameliorative Effect of Isatin–Mesalamine Conjugates on Acetic Acid‐induced Colitis in Rats. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Panga
- University College of Pharmaceutical SciencesKakatiya University Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Telangana 506009 India
| | - Naveen Kumar Podila
- Synocule Research Lab, Navodaya Society Banjarahills, Hyderabad Telangana 500034 India
| | - Veeresham Ciddi
- University College of Pharmaceutical SciencesKakatiya University Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Telangana 506009 India
| |
Collapse
|