1
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Almquist CC, Rajeshkumar T, Jayaweera HDAC, Removski N, Zhou W, Gelfand BS, Maron L, Piers WE. Oxidation-induced ambiphilicity triggers N-N bond formation and dinitrogen release in octahedral terminal molybdenum(v) nitrido complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5152-5162. [PMID: 38577349 PMCID: PMC10988598 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling of octahedral, terminal d1 molybdenum(v) nitrido complexes supported by a dianionic pentadentate ligand via N-N bond formation to give μ-dinitrogen complexes was found to be thermodynamically feasible but faces significant kinetic barriers. However, upon oxidation, a kinetically favored nucleophilic/electrophilic N-N bond forming mechanism was enabled to give monocationic μ-dinitrogen dimers. Computational and experimental evidence for this "oxidation-induced ambiphilic nitrido coupling" mechanism is presented. The factors influencing release of dinitrogen from the resulting μ-dinitrogen dimers were also probed and it was found that further oxidation to a dicationic species is required to induce (very rapid) loss of dinitrogen. The mechanistic path discovered for N-N bond formation and dinitrogen release follows an ECECC sequence (E = "electrochemical step"; C = "chemical step"). Experimental evidence for the intermediacy of a highly electrophilic, cationic d0 molybdenum(vi) nitrido in the N-N bond forming mechanism via trapping with an isonitrile reagent is also discussed. Together these results are relevant to the development of molecular catalysts capable of mediating ammonia oxidation to dihydrogen and dinitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christopher Almquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | | | - H D A Chathumal Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Nicole Removski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA UPS Toulouse France
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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2
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Osin OA, Lin S, Gelfand BS, Lee SLJ, Lin S, Shimizu GKH. A molecular extraction process for vanadium based on tandem selective complexation and precipitation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2614. [PMID: 38521785 PMCID: PMC10960790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recycling vanadium from alternative sources is essential due to its expanding demand, depletion in natural sources, and environmental issues with terrestrial mining. Here, we present a complexation-precipitation method to selectively recover pentavalent vanadium ions, V(V), from complex metal ion mixtures, using an acid-stable metal binding agent, the cyclic imidedioxime, naphthalimidedioxime (H2CIDIII). H2CIDIII showed high extraction capacity and fast binding towards V(V) with crystal structures showing a 1:1 M:L dimer, [V2(O)3(C12H6N3O2)2]2-, 1, and 1:2 M:L non-oxido, [V(C12H6N3O2)2] ̶ complex, 2. Complexation selectivity studies showed only 1 and 2 were anionic, allowing facile separation of the V(V) complexes by pH-controlled precipitation, removing the need for solid support. The tandem complexation-precipitation technique achieved high recovery selectivity for V(V) with a selectivity coefficient above 3 × 105 from synthetic mixed metal solutions and real oil sand tailings. Zebrafish toxicity assay confirmed the non-toxicity of 1 and 2, highlighting H2CIDIII's potential for practical and large-scale V(V) recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomiwa A Osin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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3
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Donnelly LJ, Lin JB, Gelfand BS, Chang CY, Piers WE. Ruthenium polyhydrides supported by rigid PCP pincer ligands: dynamic behaviour and reactions with CO 2. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1862-1869. [PMID: 38179611 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two rigid β-elimination immune PCcarbeneP pincer ligands, differing in their electron donor properties by variation of the substitution pattern on the aromatic linker arms, were complexed to ruthenium to form the dichlorides LRRuCl2 (R = H or NMe2). These compounds were converted to hydrido chlorides by treatment with dihydrogen (H2) and a base. By converting to tert-butoxide derivatives in situ under an atmosphere of H2, the poly hydride PCalkylP complexes LHRRu(H)3 compounds were generated. In these complexes, H2 has added across the RuC bond in the PCcarbeneP starting materials. The polyhydrides are dynamic in solution and extensive NMR studies helped to elucidate the speciation and fluxional processes operative in this dynamic system. The polyhydride complexes react rapidly with CO2 to give the PCcarbeneP formato hydride complexes LRRu(H)-κ2-O2CH. For R = H, the 1,2-hydride shift from the anchoring alkyl of the PCalkylP carbon to the metal is reversible, but for R = NMe2 it is irreversible. The CO2 incorporated into the formato ligand of these compounds exchanges with free CO2via a bimolecular mechanism that is more rapid for R = NMe2 than for R = H; plausible explanations for this observation are proffered. Experiments designed to evaluate the efficacy of the R = NMe2 formato hydride complex as a catalyst precursor for CO2 hydrogenation to formate salts reveal poor performance in comparison to state-of-the-art ruthenium-based catalysts. This is due primarily to the precipitation of a dimeric μ-κ2-κ1-CO3 carbonate complex that is not an active catalyst for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Chia Yun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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4
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Glavinović M, Perras JH, Gelfand BS, Lin JB, Spasyuk DM, Zhou W, Shimizu GKH. Microporous Metal-Phosphonates with a Novel Orthogonalized Linker and Complementary Guests: Insights for Trivalent Metal Complexes from Divalent Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203835. [PMID: 36581566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reliable self-assembly of microporous metal-phosphonate materials remains a longstanding challenge. This stems from, generally, more coordination modes for the functional group allowing more dense structures, and stronger bonding driving less crystalline products. Here, a novel orthogonalized aryl-phosphonate linker, 1,3,5-tris(4'-phosphono-2',6'-dimethylphenyl) benzene (H6 L3) has been used to direct formation of open frameworks. The peripheral aryl rings of H6 L3 are orthogonalized relative to the central aromatic ring giving a tri-cleft conformation of the linker in which small aromatic molecules can readily associate. When coordinated to magnesium ions, a series of porous crystalline metal-organic, and hydrogen-bonded metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, HMOFs) are formed (CALF-41 (Mg), HCALF-42 (Mg), -43 (Mg)). While most metal-organic frameworks are tailored based on choice of metal and linker, here, the network structures are highly dependent on the inclusion and structure of the guest aromatic compounds. Larger guests, and a higher stoichiometry of metal, result in increased solvation of the metal ion, resulting in networks with connectivities increasingly involving hydrogen-bonds rather than direct phosphonate coordination. Upon thermal activation and aromatic template removal, the materials exhibit surface areas ranging from 400-600 m2 /g. Self-assembly in the absence of aromatic guests yields mixtures of phases, frequently co-producing a dense 3-fold interpenetrated structure (1). Interestingly, a series of both more porous (530-900 m2 /g), and more robust solids is formed by complexing with trivalent metal ions (Al, Ga, In) with aromatic guest; however, these are only attainable as microcrystalline powders. The polyprotic nature of phosphonate linkers enables structural analogy to the divalent analogues and these are identified as CALF-41 analogues. Finally, insights to the structural transformations during metal ion desolvation in this family are gained by considering a pair of structurally related Co materials, whose hydrogen-bonded (HCALF-44 (Co)) and desolvated (CALF-44 (Co)) coordination bonded networks were fully structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glavinović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Justin H Perras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Denis M Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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5
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Beh DW, Cuellar De Lucio AJ, del Rosal I, Maron L, Spasyuk D, Gelfand BS, Li JB, Piers WE. Organotitanium Complexes Supported by a Dianionic Pentadentate Ligand. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Beh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Iker del Rosal
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LPCNO, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LPCNO, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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McMillan JDR, Sands KN, Cooney GS, Gelfand BS, Back TG. Unexpected Formation and Potent Antioxidant Activity of Macrocyclic Dimers Containing Disulfide and Selenide Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213744. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. R. McMillan
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Kai N. Sands
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Gary S. Cooney
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
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7
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Scherpf T, Carr CR, Donnelly LJ, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. A Mesoionic Carbene-Pyridine Bidentate Ligand That Improves Stability in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by a Molecular Manganese Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13644-13656. [PMID: 35981323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbonyl Group 7 complexes have a longstanding history as efficacious CO2 electroreduction catalysts. Typically, these complexes feature an auxiliary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand that assists in redox steps by delocalizing the electron density into the ligand orbitals. While this feature lends to an accessible redox potential for CO2 electroreduction, it also presents challenges for electrocatalysis with Mn because the electron density is removed from metal-ligand bonding orbitals. The results presented here thus introduce a mesoionic carbene (MIC) as a potent ligand platform to promote Mn-based electrocatalysis. The strong σ donation of the N,C-bidentate MIC is shown to help centralize the electron density on the Mn center while also maintaining relevant redox potentials for CO2 electroreduction. Mechanistic investigation supports catalytic turnover at two operative potentials separated by 400 mV. In the low operating potential regime at -1.54 V, Mn(0) species catalyze CO2 to CO and CO32-, which has a maximum rate of 7 ± 5 s-1 and is stable for up to 30.7 h. At higher operating potential at -1.94 V, "Mn(-1)" catalyzes CO2 to CO and H2O with faster turnovers of 200 ± 100 s-1, with the trade-off being less stability at 6.7 h. The relative stabilities of Mn complexes bearing MIC and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine were compared by evaluation under the same electrolysis conditions and therefore elucidated that the MIC promotes longevity for CO evolution throughout a 5 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cody R Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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8
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Almquist CC, Removski N, Rajeshkumar T, Gelfand BS, Maron L, Piers WE. Spontaneous Ammonia Activation Through Coordination-Induced Bond Weakening in Molybdenum Complexes of a Dianionic Pentadentate Ligand Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203576. [PMID: 35748415 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidation catalyzed by molecular compounds is of current interest as a carbon-free source of dihydrogen. Activation of N-H bonds through coordination to transition metal centers is a key reaction in this process. We report the substantial activation of ammonia via reaction with low-valent molybdenum complexes of a diborate pentadentate ligand system. Spontaneous loss of dihydrogen from (B2 Pz4 Py)MoII -NH3 at room temperature to produce the dinuclear μ-nitrido compound (B2 Pz4 Py)Mo-N-Mo(B2 Pz4 Py) is observed due to substantial N-H bond weakening upon coordination to Mo. Mechanistic details are supported through the experimental observation/characterization of terminal amido, imido and nitrido complexes and density functional theory computations. The generally under-appreciated role of bridging nitrido intermediates is revealed and discussed, providing guidance for further catalyst development for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christopher Almquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, T2N 1N4, AB, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicole Removski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, T2N 1N4, AB, Calgary, Canada
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, T2N 1N4, AB, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, T2N 1N4, AB, Calgary, Canada
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9
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Puerta Lombardi BM, Pezoulas ER, Suvinen RA, Harrison A, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Bis[cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene] isomers: Stable trans-bis(CAAC) versus facile olefin formation for cis-bis(CAAC). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6482-6485. [PMID: 35583166 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomeric bis(aldiminium) salts with a 1,4-cyclohexylene framework were synthesized. The first isolable bis(CAAC) was prepared from the trans-stereoisomer and its ditopic ligand competency was proven by conversion to iridium(I) and rhodium(I) complexes. Upon deprotonation, the cis-isomer yielded an electron rich olefin via a classic, proton-catalyzed pathway. The CC bond formation from the desired cis-bis(CAAC) was shown to be thermodynamically very favorable and to involve a small activation barrier. Compounds that can be described as insertion products of the cis-bis(CAAC) into the E-H bonds of NH3, CH3CN and H2O were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Puerta Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ethan R Pezoulas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Roope A Suvinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Alexander Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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10
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Glavinović M, Perras JH, Gelfand BS, Lin J, Shimizu GKH. Orthogonalization of Polyaryl Linkers as a Route to More Porous Phosphonate Metal‐Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200874. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glavinović
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Justin H. Perras
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jian‐Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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11
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Pettipas RD, Hoff A, Gelfand BS, Welch GC. Green Solvent-Processible N-H-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Materials for Scalable Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:3103-3110. [PMID: 34990105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for organic electronic devices warrants further development of the scalability and green solvent processibility of π-conjugated materials. Perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials have shown impressive performance as interlayers for electronic devices due to a low ELUMO energy and high charge mobility in films. The next step in the development of these materials is the transition toward scalable production and the fabrication of devices under ambient conditions. Here, we develop a green synthetic methodology to prepare a series of PDI-based electronically active materials (X2-5), which can be slot-die-coated into uniform thin films from green solvents in air. Compounds X2-5 comprised a monomeric PDI core with a functional cyclic secondary amine appended to the bay region. Bromine or cyano moieties are incorporated into the molecular scaffold to systematically tune optoelectronic properties. The utility of these materials is demonstrated by slot-die coating them from ethanol to serve as cathode interlayers in prototype air-processed conventional organic photovoltaics. Using a PM6:Y6 active layer, device power conversion efficiencies reached 10%, among the best reported under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Pettipas
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anderson Hoff
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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12
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Dubrawski ZS, Chang CY, Carr CR, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. Electrocatalyst decomposition pathways: torsional strain in a second sphere proton relay shuts off CO 2RR in a Re(2,2′-bipyridyl)(CO) 3X type electrocatalyst. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17381-17390. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Group 7 tris(carbonyl) bipyridine complexes have been well explored as important CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts and now represent an excellent platform for catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Dubrawski
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chia Yun Chang
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cody R. Carr
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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13
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Brownsey DK, Rowley BC, Gorobets E, Mihara K, Maity R, Papatzimas JW, Gelfand BS, Hollenberg MD, Bahlis NJ, Derksen DJ. Identification of ligand linkage vectors for the development of p300/CBP degraders. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:726-730. [PMID: 35814928 PMCID: PMC9215131 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop new degrader molecules from an existing protein ligand a linkage vector must be identified and then joined with a suitable E3 ligase without disrupting binding to the respective...
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4N1 Calgary Canada
| | - Ranjan Maity
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - James W Papatzimas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4N1 Calgary Canada
| | - Nizar J Bahlis
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary Alberta Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Drive NW T2N 4Z6 Calgary Alberta Canada
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14
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Hogan DT, Dubrawski Z, Gelfand BS, Sutherland TC. High‐Fidelity Dimerization of Xanthenyl Radicals and Dynamic Qualities of a Congested Ethane: Diethyl Dixanthenyl‐9,9′‐Dicarboxylate. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Zachary Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Todd C. Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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15
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O'Sullivan L, Patel KV, Rowley BC, Brownsey DK, Gorobets E, Gelfand BS, Van Humbeck JF, Derksen DJ. Regioselective Synthesis of C3-Hydroxyarylated Pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:846-854. [PMID: 34905376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazoles are ubiquitous structures in medicinal chemistry. We report the first regioselective route to C3-hydroxyarylated pyrazoles obtained through reaction of pyrazole N-oxides with arynes using mild conditions. Importantly, this method does not require the C4 and C5 positions of the pyrazole to be functionalized to observe regioselectivity. Using this method, we completed the synthesis of a recently reported JAK 1/2 inhibitor. Our synthesis produces the desired product in 4 steps from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ketul V Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | | | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
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16
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Koenig JDB, Dubrawski ZS, Rao KR, Willkomm J, Gelfand BS, Risko C, Piers WE, Welch GC. Lowering Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Overpotential Using N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Rhenium Bipyridine Dyads with Variable Tether Length. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16849-16864. [PMID: 34597040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of four N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) functionalized rhenium bipyridine [Re(bpy)] supramolecular dyads. The Re(bpy) scaffold was connected to the NPDI chromophore either directly [Re(py-C0-NPDI)] or via an ethyl [Re(bpy-C2-NPDI)], butyl [Re(bpy-C4-NPDI)], or hexyl [Re(bpy-C6-NPDI)] alkyl-chain spacer. Upon electrochemical reduction in the presence of CO2 and a proton source, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all exhibited significant current enhancement effects, while Re(py-C0-NPDI) did not. During controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments at Eappl = -1.8 V vs Fc+/0, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all achieved comparable activity (TONco ∼ 25) and Faradaic efficiency (FEco ∼ 94%). Under identical CPE conditions, the standard catalyst Re(dmbpy) was inactive for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction; only at Eappl = -2.1 V vs Fc+/0 could Re(dmbpy) achieve the same catalytic performance, representing a 300 mV lowering in overpotential for Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI). At higher overpotentials, Re(bpy-C4/6-NPDI) both outperformed Re(bpy-C2-NPDI), indicating the possibility of coinciding electrocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanisms that are dictated by tether-length and overpotential. Using UV-vis-nearIR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), FTIR SEC, and chemical reduction experiments, it was shown that the NPDI-moiety served as an electron-reservoir for Re(bpy), thereby allowing catalytic activity at lower overpotentials. Density functional theory studies probing the optimized geometries and frontier molecular orbitals of various catalytic intermediates revealed that the geometric configuration of NPDI relative to the Re(bpy)-moiety plays a critical role in accessing electrons from the electron-reservoir. The improved performance of Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI)dyads at lower overpotentials, relative to Re(dmbpy), highlights the utility of chromophore electron-reservoirs as a method for lowering the overpotential for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D B Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keerthan R Rao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Janina Willkomm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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17
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Patrick EA, Yang Y, Piers WE, Maron L, Gelfand BS. A monoanionic pentadentate ligand platform for scandium-pnictogen multiple bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8640-8643. [PMID: 34369525 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new monoanionic pentadentate ligand is designed to accommodate Sc = E bonds (E = N, P). The imido complex is stable enough to isolate and characterize, and reacts rapidly with CO2. The phosphinidene, on the other hand, is highly reactive and induces C-C bond cleavage to yield a phosphido-pyridyl complex which also undergoes rapid reacton with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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18
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Abstract
The synthesis of aryl selenonic acids was achieved from diverse aryl bromides via a one-pot method involving metalation, selenation, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide followed by ion exchange to afford the pure products in 77-90% yield. An o-hydroxymethyl derivative was found to dehydrate readily, affording the first example of a cyclic selenonic ester, while two minor byproducts were isolated and shown by X-ray crystallography to be mixed salts of aryl selenonic acids with either the corresponding aryl seleninic or selenious acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai N Sands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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19
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Puerta Lombardi BM, Gendy C, Gelfand BS, Bernard GM, Wasylishen RE, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Side‐on Coordination in Isostructural Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Complexes of Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Guy M. Bernard
- Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Roderick E. Wasylishen
- Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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20
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Puerta Lombardi BM, Gendy C, Gelfand BS, Bernard GM, Wasylishen RE, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Side-on Coordination in Isostructural Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Complexes of Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7077-7081. [PMID: 33111387 PMCID: PMC8048599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A nickel complex incorporating an N2 O ligand with a rare η2 -N,N'-coordination mode was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography, as well as by IR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy augmented by 15 N-labeling experiments. The isoelectronic nickel CO2 complex reported for comparison features a very similar solid-state structure. Computational studies revealed that η2 -N2 O binds to nickel slightly stronger than η2 -CO2 in this case, and comparably to or slightly stronger than η2 -CO2 to transition metals in general. Comparable transition-state energies for the formation of isomeric η2 -N,N'- and η2 -N,O-complexes, and a negligible activation barrier for the decomposition of the latter likely account for the limited stability of the N2 O complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Puerta Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Guy M Bernard
- Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Roderick E Wasylishen
- Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Brownsey DK, Rowley BC, Gorobets E, Gelfand BS, Derksen DJ. Rapid synthesis of pomalidomide-conjugates for the development of protein degrader libraries. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4519-4525. [PMID: 34163717 PMCID: PMC8179520 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for the preparation of heterobifunctional pomalidomide-conjugates rely on methods that are often low yielding and produce intractable byproducts. Herein we describe our strategy for the reliable and succinct preparation of pomalidomide-linkers which is essential to the formation of these conjugates. We present the preparation of 18 pomalidomide-linkers in high yield compared to current literature methods. Our findings show that secondary amines consistently afford greater yields than their primary counterparts, a trend that we were able to exploit in the synthesis of several new pomalidomide homo-dimers in enhanced yields compared to similar literature syntheses. This trend was further utilised to develop the first one-pot synthesis of JQ1-pomalidomide conjugates in yields up to 62%, providing a method that is suited to rapid preparation of conjugate libraries as is frequently required for the development of new protein degraders. Current methods for the preparation of heterobifunctional pomalidomide-conjugates rely on methods that are often low yielding and produce intractable byproducts. Herein we describe our strategy for the succinct preparation of pomalidomide-linkers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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22
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Abstract
Six new N-annulated perylene diimide molecules are reported with varied pyrrolic N-atom sidechains. Impact on optoelectronic and physical properties is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Martell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Ontario, N98 3P4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Ontario, N98 3P4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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23
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Capper MS, Enriquez Garcia A, Lai B, Wang BO, Gelfand BS, Shemanko CS, Jalilehvand F. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on cytotoxicity of a diimine Re(I) tricarbonyl complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5968-5977. [PMID: 33949526 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, diimine Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have attracted great interest due to their promising cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of two Re(i) compounds fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)](CF3SO3) (1) and Na(fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (2). The Re-thiosulfate complex in 2 was characterized in two solvated crystal structures {Na(fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·1.75H2O·C2H5OH}4 (2 + 0.75H2O + C2H5OH)4 and (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)]) (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·4H2O (3). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 was tested in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and compared with that of cisplatin. The cellular localization of the Re(i) complexes was investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that replacement of the aqua ligand with thiosulfate renders the complex less toxic most likely by distrupting its cellular entry. Therefore, thiosulfate could potentially have a similar chemoprotective effect against diimine fac-Re(CO)3 complexes as it has against cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Capper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA
| | - Baiwen O Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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24
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Nurdin L, Yang Y, Neate PGN, Piers WE, Maron L, Neidig ML, Lin JB, Gelfand BS. Activation of ammonia and hydrazine by electron rich Fe(ii) complexes supported by a dianionic pentadentate ligand platform through a common terminal Fe(iii) amido intermediate. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2231-2241. [PMID: 34163989 PMCID: PMC8179247 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of electron rich iron complexes supported by a dianionic diborate pentadentate ligand system, B2Pz4Py, for the coordination and activation of ammonia (NH3) and hydrazine (NH2NH2). For ammonia, coordination to neutral (B2Pz4Py)Fe(ii) or cationic [(B2Pz4Py)Fe(iii)]+ platforms leads to well characterized ammine complexes from which hydrogen atoms or protons can be removed to generate, fleetingly, a proposed (B2Pz4Py)Fe(iii)–NH2 complex (3Ar-NH2). DFT computations suggest a high degree of spin density on the amido ligand, giving it significant aminyl radical character. It rapidly traps the H atom abstracting agent 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy radical (ArO˙) to form a C–N bond in a fully characterized product (2Ar), or scavenges hydrogen atoms to return to the ammonia complex (B2Pz4Py)Fe(ii)–NH3 (1Ar-NH3). Interestingly, when (B2Pz4Py)Fe(ii) is reacted with NH2NH2, a hydrazine bridged dimer, (B2Pz4Py)Fe(ii)–NH2NH2–Fe(ii)(B2Pz4Py) ((1Ar)2-NH2NH2), is observed at −78 °C and converts to a fully characterized bridging diazene complex, 4Ar, along with ammonia adduct 1Ar-NH3 as it is allowed to warm to room temperature. Experimental and computational evidence is presented to suggest that (B2Pz4Py)Fe(ii) induces reductive cleavage of the N–N bond in hydrazine to produce the Fe(iii)–NH2 complex 3Ar-NH2, which abstracts H˙ atoms from (1Ar)2-NH2NH2 to generate the observed products. All of these transformations are relevant to proposed steps in the ammonia oxidation reaction, an important process for the use of nitrogen-based fuels enabled by abundant first row transition metals. Synopsis: a highly reactive Fe(iii)–NH2 complex is generated via activation of ammonia or hydrazine in reactions of relevance to fundamental steps in ammonia oxidation processes mediated by an abundant, first row transition metal.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Yan Yang
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Peter G N Neate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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Nurdin L, Piers WE, Lin JB, Gelfand BS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Neutral Octahedral Alkyl-Cobalt(III) Complexes Bearing a Dianionic Pentadentate Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 1N4
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26
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Smith JD, Durrant G, Ess DH, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. H/D exchange under mild conditions in arenes and unactivated alkanes with C 6D 6 and D 2O using rigid, electron-rich iridium PCP pincer complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10705-10717. [PMID: 34094323 PMCID: PMC8162389 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of an iridium polyhydride complex (Ir-H4) supported by an electron-rich PCP framework is described. This complex readily loses molecular hydrogen allowing for rapid room temperature hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) at the hydridic positions and the α-C-H site of the ligand with deuterated solvents such as benzene-d6, toluene-d8 and THF-d8. The removal of 1-2 equivalents of molecular H2 forms unsaturated iridium carbene trihydride (Ir-H3) or monohydride (Ir-H) compounds that are able to create further unsaturation by reversibly transferring a hydride to the ligand carbene carbon. These species are highly active hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) catalysts using C6D6 or D2O as deuterium sources for the deuteration of a variety of substrates. By modifying conditions to influence the Ir-Hn speciation, deuteration levels can range from near exhaustive to selective only for sterically accessible sites. Preparative level deuterations of select substrates were performed allowing for procurement of >95% deuterated compounds in excellent isolated yields; the catalyst can be regenerated by treatment of residues with H2 and is still active for further reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - George Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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27
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Sands KN, Mendoza Rengifo E, George GN, Pickering IJ, Gelfand BS, Back TG. The Unexpected Role of Se
VI
Species in Epoxidations with Benzeneseleninic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai N. Sands
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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28
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Sands KN, Mendoza Rengifo E, George GN, Pickering IJ, Gelfand BS, Back TG. The Unexpected Role of Se VI Species in Epoxidations with Benzeneseleninic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4283-4287. [PMID: 31875332 PMCID: PMC7054174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benzeneperoxyseleninic acid has been proposed as the key intermediate in the widely used epoxidation of alkenes with benzeneseleninic acid and hydrogen peroxide. However, it reacts sluggishly with cyclooctene and instead rapidly decomposes in solution to a mixed selenonium-selenonate salt that was identified by X-ray absorption and 77 Se NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This process includes a selenoxide elimination of the peroxyseleninic acid with liberation of oxygen and additional redox steps. The salt is relatively stable in the solid state, but generates the corresponding selenonic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The selenonic acid is inert towards cyclooctene on its own; however, rapid epoxidation occurs when hydrogen peroxide is added. This shows that the selenonic acid must first be activated through further oxidation, presumably to the heretofore unknown benzeneperoxyselenonic acid. The latter is the principal oxidant in this epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai N Sands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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29
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Beh DW, Piers WE, Maron L, Yang Y, Gelfand BS, Li JB. Hydrolysis of scandium alkyl derivatives supported by a pentadentate diborate ligand: Interconversion of hydroxo and oxo complexes. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Levenson DA, Zhang J, Gelfand BS, Kammampata SP, Thangadurai V, Shimizu GKH. Particle size dependence of proton conduction in a cationic lanthanum phosphonate MOF. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4022-4029. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Particle size-dependent proton conduction is studied in a lanthanum(iii) metal–organic framework, PCMOF21-AcO [La2(H2L)1.5(AcO)3·(H2O)5.59], with a 3-D network linked by dicationic bis(dimethylphosphonato)bipiperidinium units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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31
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Beh DW, Piers WE, Gelfand BS, Lin JB. Tandem deoxygenative hydrosilation of carbon dioxide with a cationic scandium hydridoborate and B(C6F5)3. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:95-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A scandium hydridoborate complex supported by the dianionic pentadentate ligand B2Pz4Py is prepared via hydride abstraction from the previously reported scandium hydride complex with tris-pentafluorophenyl borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Beh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive NW
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive NW
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive NW
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive NW
- Calgary
- Canada
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32
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Morgan MM, Nazari M, Pickl T, Rautiainen JM, Tuononen HM, Piers WE, Welch GC, Gelfand BS. Boron-nitrogen substituted dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives as acceptors in organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11095-11098. [PMID: 31460525 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic borylation of 2,5-diarylpyrazines results in the formation of boron-nitrogen doped dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene which can be synthesized using standard Schlenk techniques and worked up and handled readily under atmospheric conditions. Through transmetallation via diarylzinc reagents a series of derivatives were synthesized which show broad visible to near-IR light absorption profiles that highlight the versatility of this BN substituted core for use in optoelectronic devices. The synthesis is efficient, scalable and allows for tuning through changes in substituents on the planar heterocyclic core and at boron. Exploratory evaluation in organic solar cell devices as non-fullerene acceptors gave power conversion efficiencies of 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
| | - J Mikko Rautiainen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, USA.
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33
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Lal G, Gelfand BS, Lin JB, Banerjee A, Trudel S, Shimizu GKH. Three Sequential Hydrolysis Products of the Ubiquitous Cu24 Isophthalate Metal–Organic Polyhedra. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9874-9881. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Brunskill V, Enriquez Garcia A, Jalilehvand F, Gelfand BS, Wu M. Reaction of dirhodium(II) tetraacetate with S-methyl- L-cysteine. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1651845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mengya Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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35
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Kivi CE, Gelfand BS, Dureckova H, Ho HTK, Ma C, Shimizu GKH, Woo TK, Song D. 3D porous metal-organic framework for selective adsorption of methane over dinitrogen under ambient pressure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14104-14107. [PMID: 30500002 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07756h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly porous 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) that shows potential for coal mine methane (CMM) capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie E Kivi
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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36
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Abstract
The reaction between antitumor active dirhodium(II) tetraacetate and dl-methionine (HMet) was followed in aqueous solution and showed initially mixtures of 1:1 and 1:2 adducts [Rh2(AcO)4(HMet)(H2O)] (AcO- = CH3COO-) and [Rh2(AcO)4(HMet)2] formed at room temperature (RT), as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Rh K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy confirmed methionine thioether binding to the axial positions of the Rh2(AcO)4 cage structure. With excess HMet at RT, stepwise displacement of the acetate groups was observed after some time using ESI-MS. Heating the solution to 40° for 24 h accelerated the substitution reaction leading to stable dirhodium(II) species with two acetate ligands displaced by two methionine groups. The crystal structure of the purple [RhII2(AcO)2(d-Met)(l-Met)]·6H2O compound obtained from the solution revealed tridentate coordination of the methionine ligands to the Rh(II) ions, with the thioether S atoms in equatorial positions. A minor amount of a light orange monomeric [RhIII(Met)2](AcO) complex also formed in the solution was isolated by size exclusion chromatography and identified by ESI-MS. Crystals of [RhIII(d-Met)(l-Met)]Cl·3H2O were prepared by reacting RhCl3 and dl-HMet. The crystal structure showed tridentate binding of the methionine ligands to the Rh(III) ion in a trans-S, N, O arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Pantea Niksirat
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada T2N 1N4
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37
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Taylor JM, Dwyer PJ, Reid JW, Gelfand BS, Lim DW, Donoshita M, Veinberg SL, Kitagawa H, Vukotic VN, Shimizu GK. Holding Open Micropores with Water: Hydrogen-Bonded Networks Supported by Hexaaquachromium(III) Cations. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Heidebrecht J, Gendy C, Gelfand BS, Roesler R. Water-soluble NNN-pincer complexes of cobalt, nickel and palladium: Solid-state structures and catalytic activity. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Bladek KJ, Reid ME, Nishihara H, Akhtar F, Gelfand BS, Shimizu GKH. Microsphere Assemblies via Phosphonate Monoester Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:1533-1538. [PMID: 29336090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
By complexing a bent phosphonate monoester ligand with cobalt(II), coupled with in situ ester hydrolysis, coordination microspheres (CALS=CALgary Sphere) are formed whereas the use of the phosphonic acid directly resulted in a sheet-like structure. Manipulation of the synthetic conditions gave spheres with different sizes, mechanical stabilities, and porosities. Time-dependent studies determined that the sphere formation likely occurred through the formation of a Co2+ and ligand chain that propagates in three dimensions through different sets of interactions. The relative rates of these assembly processes versus annealing by ester hydrolysis and metal dehydration determine the growth of the microspheres. Hardness testing by nanoindentation is carried out on the spheres and sheets. Notably, no templates or capping agents are employed, the growth of the spheres is intrinsic to the ligand geometry and the coordination chemistry of cobalt(II) and the phosphonate monoester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila J Bladek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Margaret E Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-9577, Japan
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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40
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Kim S, Joarder B, Hurd JA, Zhang J, Dawson KW, Gelfand BS, Wong NE, Shimizu GKH. Achieving Superprotonic Conduction in Metal–Organic Frameworks through Iterative Design Advances. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1077-1082. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SiRim Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
| | - Biplab Joarder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
| | - Jeff A. Hurd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
| | - Karl W. Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
| | | | - Norman E. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4, Canada
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41
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Beh DW, Piers WE, del Rosal I, Maron L, Gelfand BS, Gendy C, Lin JB. Scandium alkyl and hydride complexes supported by a pentadentate diborate ligand: reactions with CO2 and N2O. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13680-13688. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03313g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl and hydrido scandium complexes of the dianionic pentadentate ligand B2Pz4Py are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Beh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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42
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Wong NE, Ramaswamy P, Lee AS, Gelfand BS, Bladek KJ, Taylor JM, Spasyuk DM, Shimizu GKH. Tuning Intrinsic and Extrinsic Proton Conduction in Metal–Organic Frameworks by the Lanthanide Contraction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14676-14683. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman E. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Padmini Ramaswamy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kamila J. Bladek
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jared M. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Denis M. Spasyuk
- Canadian Macromolecular
Crystallography Facility, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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43
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Gelfand BS, Taylor JM, Shimizu GKH. Extracting structural trends from systematic variation of phosphonate/phosphonate monoester coordination polymers. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systematic variation of ligand geometry and ester size shows that dimensionality of barium phosphonate/phosphonate ester structures can be truncated by either route.
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44
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Gelfand BS, Huynh RPS, Mah RK, Shimizu GKH. Mediating Order and Modulating Porosity by Controlled Hydrolysis in a Phosphonate Monoester Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Racheal P. S. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Roger K. Mah
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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45
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Gelfand BS, Huynh RPS, Mah RK, Shimizu GKH. Mediating Order and Modulating Porosity by Controlled Hydrolysis in a Phosphonate Monoester Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14614-14617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Racheal P. S. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Roger K. Mah
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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46
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Abstract
A new, highly adaptable type of phosphinamide‐based hydrogen bonding is representatively demonstrated in π‐conjugated phosphole materials. The rotational flexibility of these intermolecular P=O−H−N hydrogen bonds is demonstrated by X‐ray crystallography and variable‐concentration NMR spectroscopy. In addition to crystalline compounds, phosphinamide hydrogen bonding was successfully introduced into the self‐assembly of soft crystals, liquid crystals, and organogels, thus highlighting the high general value of this type of interaction for the formation of organic soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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48
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Abstract
Water stability of MOFs is reviewed including exposure techniques, characterization methods, and ultimately more consistent definitions of water stability.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Ramaswamy
- Department Of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Norman E. Wong
- Department Of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department Of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - George K. H. Shimizu
- Department Of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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50
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Abstract
Phosphonate monoesters are atypical linkers for metal-organic frameworks, but they offer potentially added versatility. In this work, a bulky isopropyl ester is used to direct the topology of a copper(II) network from a dense to an open framework, CALF-30. CALF-30 shows no adsorption of N2 or CH4 however, using CO2 sorption, CALF-30 was found to have a Langmuir surface area of over 300 m(2)/g and to be stable to conditions of 90% relative humidity at 353 K owing to kinetic shielding of the framework by the phosphonate ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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