1
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Abstract
Pseudouridine (1) was synthesized by functional group interconversions of the Heck adduct11from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-iodopyrimidine (8) and ribofuranoid glycal4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Tun-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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2
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Serpi M, De Biasi R, Pertusati F, Slusarczyk M, McGuigan C. Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of 2'-Deoxypseudoisocytidine. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:424-436. [PMID: 28638776 PMCID: PMC5474688 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic procedure for the preparation of phosphoramidate prodrugs of C-nucleosides is reported. Different phosphorochloridates were reacted with 3'-O-protected N-acetyl-2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine or 3'-O-protected 2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the protecting group. In the presence of the N-acetyl moiety, the enolisable keto group of the nucleobase was able to react (like the 5'-OH) with the phosphorochloridates to give bisphosphorylated derivatives. Epimerisation (β to α) occurred if the amino group of the nucleobase was unprotected. These side reactions demonstrate the peculiar behaviour of C-nucleosides compared to their nucleoside analogues. It was demonstrated that the first enzymatic activation step for this new class of prodrugs can be mediated by carboxypeptidase and that it follows the same pathway and rate reported for ProTides of more conventional nucleoside analogues. These new phosphoramidate derivatives deserve further investigation for their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityKing Edward VII AvenueCardiffCF10 3NBUK), Fax: (+44) 02920874537
| | - Roberto De Biasi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityKing Edward VII AvenueCardiffCF10 3NBUK), Fax: (+44) 02920874537
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia del Liceo 106123PerugiaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityKing Edward VII AvenueCardiffCF10 3NBUK), Fax: (+44) 02920874537
| | - Magdalena Slusarczyk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityKing Edward VII AvenueCardiffCF10 3NBUK), Fax: (+44) 02920874537
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityKing Edward VII AvenueCardiffCF10 3NBUK), Fax: (+44) 02920874537
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3
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Stahlschmidt A, Khalili P, Sun W, Machulla HJ, Knaus EE, Wiebe LI. Biodistribution and imaging of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-[123/125I]iodobenzene (dRF[(123/125)I]IB), a nonpolar thymidine-mimetic nucleoside, in rats and tumor-bearing mice. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:379-93. [PMID: 20183590 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-iodobenzene (dRFIB) is a putative bioisostere of iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). The advantages of dRFIB over IUdR for in vivo studies include resistance to both phosphorolytic cleavage of the nucleoside bond and de-iodination. dRFIB was radioiodinated (dRF(123/125)IB) by copper-catalyzed exchange using commercial sodium [(123/125)I]iodide. The in vivo biodistribution of dRF[(125)I]IB in BALBc mice and imaging of dRF[(123)I]IB in Sprague-Dawley rats are reported. In vivo data for rats show rapid clearance of radioactivity from blood (>95%ID in 15 minutes), extensive excretion in urine (56%ID/24 hours), concentration in the hepatobiliary-small intestine system and very little fecal excretion (approximately 3%ID/24 hours). Pharmacokinetic data for dRF[(125)I]IB (i.v. 48.7 ug/kg) in rats (t(1/2)[h] = 0.51 +/- 0.14, AUC(inf)[microg.min/mL] = 3.7 +/- 0.4, Cl[L/kg/h] = 0.75 +/- 0.12, Vss[L/kg] = 0.96 +/- 0.18) confirm previously reported dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. Scintigraphic images of rats dosed with dRF[(123)I]I were compatible with rapid soft-tissue clearance and extensive accumulation of radioactivity in bladder/urine and liver/small intestine. In tumor-bearing mice, thyroid and stomach radioactivity was indicative of moderate deiodination. An unidentified polar radioactive metabolite was detected in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Stahlschmidt
- PET Center, Radiopharmacy, Eberhardt-Karls Universitat Tubingen, Germany
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4
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Wellington KW, Benner SA. A review: synthesis of aryl C-glycosides via the heck coupling reaction. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 25:1309-33. [PMID: 17067955 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600917013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we focus on the synthesis of aryl C-glycosides via Heck coupling. It is organized based on the type of structures used in the assembly of the C-glycosides (also called C-nucleosides) with the following subsections: pyrimidine C-nucleosides, purine C-nucleosides, and monocyclic, bicyclic, and tetracyclic C-nucleosides. The reagents and conditions used for conducting the Heck coupling reactions are discussed. The subsequent conversion of the Heck products to the corresponding target molecules and the application of the target molecules are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Wellington
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA
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5
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Pankiewicz KW, Watanabe KA. Nucleosides. 131. The Synthesis of 5-(2-Chloro-2-Deoxy-β-D-arabino-Furanosyl)Uracil. Reinterpretation of Reaction of ψ-Uridine With α-Acetoxyisobutyryl Chloride. Studies Directed Toward the Synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-2′-SubstitutedArabino-Nucleosides. 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318508081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Chu CK, El-kabbani FM, Thompson BB. Determination of the Anomeric Configuration of C-Nucleosides by1H and13C NMR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318408079416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Rosenberg I, Soler JF, Tocik Z, Ren WY, Ciszewski LA, Kois P, Pankiewicz KW, Spassova M, Watanabe KA. Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing the C-Nucleoside and 2′- Deoxy-2′-Fluoro-ara-Nucleoside Moieties by the H-Phosphonate Method.1,2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319308017834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Mayer A, Leumann CJ. A short, efficient synthesis of 2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine based on Heck-chemistry. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 22:1919-25. [PMID: 14609231 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120025239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of 2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine as well as of its phosphoramidite building block for oligonucleotide synthesis is presented. The synthesis is based on Heck-coupling between N-protected pseudoisocytosine and a silyl protected furanoid glycal. With this procedure the corresponding phosphoramidite building block is obtained in 5 steps and an overall yield of 28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mayer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Gibson ES, Lesiak K, Watanabe KA, Gudas LJ, Pankiewicz KW. Synthesis of a novel C-nucleoside, 2-amino-7-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-3H,5H-pyrrolo-[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2'-deoxy-9-deazaguanosine). NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:363-76. [PMID: 10358941 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908043082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the C-nucleoside, 2-amino-7-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-3H,5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one (9-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine) was achieved starting from 2-amino-6-methyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (5) and methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-D-erythro-pento-furanoside (11). The anomeric configuration of the C-nucleoside was established by 1H NMR, NOEDS and ROESY. This C-nucleoside did not inhibit the growth of T-cell lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gibson
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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10
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Shaban MA, Nasr AZ. The Chemistry of C-Nucleosides and Their Analogs I: C-Nucleosides of Hetero Monocyclic Bases. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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11
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Harusawa S, Murai Y, Moriyama H, Imazu T, Ohishi H, Yoneda R, Kurihara T. Efficient and beta-Stereoselective Synthesis of 4(5)-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)- and 4(5)-(2-Deoxyribofuranosyl)imidazoles(1). J Org Chem 1996; 61:4405-4411. [PMID: 11667345 DOI: 10.1021/jo952136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to 4(5)-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole (1), starting from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribose (5), was developed via a Mitsunobu cyclization. Reaction of 5 with the lithium salt of bis-protected imidazole afforded the corresponding 5-ribosylimidazole 7RS. Hydrolysis of 7RS gave a 1:1 mixture of diol isomers 8R and 8S having an unsubstituted imidazole. Mitsunobu cyclization of the mixture 8RS using N,N,N',N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide and Bu(3)P exclusively afforded benzylated beta-ribofuranosyl imidazole 9beta in 92% yield, accompanied by alpha-anomer 9alpha, in a ratio of 26.3:1. The configuration of 9beta was established by X-ray crystallography of ethoxycarbonyl derivative 10beta. Reductive debenzylation of 9beta over Pd/C was carried out, and the synthesis of 1 was attained from starting 5 in four steps and 87% overall yield. This synthetic methodology was extended to the synthesis of 4(5)-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole (2). Mitsunobu cyclization of a 1:1 mixture of the corresponding diol isomers 14RS produced 15beta and 15alpha in a ratio of 5.4:1. The synthesis of 2 was attained in a 59% overall yield from the starting 3,5-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-ribose (12). beta-Stereoselective glycosylation in the key step is discussed and explained by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between an NH in the imidazole and the oxygen functional group in the sugar moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Harusawa
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-11, Japan
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12
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Bhattacharya BK, Devivar RV, Revankar GR. A Practical Synthesis ofN1-Methyl-2′-deoxy-ψ-uridine (ψ-Thymidine) and Its Incorporation into G-Rich Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779508010690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Grierson JR, Shields AF, Zheng M, Kozawa SM, Courter JH. Radiosyntheses of labeled beta-pseudothymidine ([C-11]- and [H-3]methyl) and its biodistribution and metabolism in normal and tumored mice. Nucl Med Biol 1995; 22:671-8. [PMID: 7581179 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(94)00148-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop labeled probes for measuring DNA synthetic rates in vivo we investigated [H-3]- and [C-11]methyl labeled beta-pseudothymidine (2a), and report on their radiosyntheses from methyl iodide. We find methylation is rapid and regioselective on N-1 of the acylurea moiety of 2'-deoxy-beta-D-pseudouridine (1a), in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N,N-dimethylformamide at 60 degrees C. Although yields are low (11% [C-11]-decay corrected and 4.4% [H-3]), the method is simple and high specific activity tritiated methyl iodide can be used. In contrast to the rapid degradative de-glycosylation of thymidine in blood, beta-pseudothymidine is stable. However, based on biodistribution and metabolite studies, the anticipated uptake of [H-3]methyl-beta-pseudothymidine into mouse DNA of proliferating tissues (e.g. spleen, thymus and duodenum) and implanted tumors was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Grierson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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14
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15
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Saxena AK, Sinha S. Pyrimidinones as biodynamic agents. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1987; 31:127-60. [PMID: 2894039 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9289-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Hacksell U, Cheng JCY, Daves GD. 1H and13C NMR Spectroscopy of Stereoisomeric 2′-deoxy-C-Nucleosides. J Carbohydr Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/07328308608062967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Chu CK, Suh JJ, Mesbah M, Cutler SJ. Ring transformation reactions ofC-nucleosides: Facile synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]triazineC-nucleosides. J Heterocycl Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570230209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Hacksell U, Daves GD. The chemistry and biochemistry of C-nucleosides and C-arylglycosides. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1985; 22:1-65. [PMID: 3915364 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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20
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Chu CK. AcyclopyrimidineC-nucleosides. Synthesis of acyclopseudoisocytidine and its derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Sato T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi H, Noyori R. Stereocontrolled General Synthesis of PyrimidineC-Nucleosides Having Branched-chain Sugar Moieties. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Coupling-elimination reactions of 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-d-allonic acid: synthesis of 2′-deoxyribo-C-nucleosides. Carbohydr Res 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(82)85041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Matsuda A, Pankiewicz K, Marcus BK, Watanabe KA, Fox JJ. Synthesis of 3-methylpseudouridine and 2'-deoxy-3-methyl-pseudouridine. Carbohydr Res 1982; 100:297-302. [PMID: 7083253 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)81043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The first chemical synthesis of 3-methyl-psi-uridine (5) and its 2'-deoxy analogue (9) has been achieved. psi-Uridine was trimethylsilylated and the crude product was treated with acetyl chloride, to give the 1-acetyl derivative (3). Crude 3 was methylated with dimethoxymethyldimethylamine and then saponified, to give crystalline 5 in 82% overall yield. Treatment of 5 with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane afforded the 3'5'-protected product, which was converted into the 2'O-[(imidazol-1-yl) thiocarbonyl] derivative 7. Reduction of 7 with tributyltin hydride followed by deblocking of the product gave crystalline 2'-deoxy-3-methyl-psi-uridine (9) in 35% yield form 5.
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24
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Watanabe KA, Reichman U, Fox JJ, Chou TC. Nucleosides. CXIX. Substrate specificity and mechanism of action of cytidine deaminases of monkey plasma and mouse kidney. Chem Biol Interact 1981; 37:41-54. [PMID: 7285246 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(81)90164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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26
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Zedeck MS. Incorporation of psi-isocytidine, a new antitumour C-nucleoside, into mammalian RNA and DNA. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1440-3. [PMID: 444311 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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