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Kaur N, Yadav N, Verma Y. Acetamidine in heterocycle synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry & Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neerja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Qin Z, Ma Y, Li F. Construction of a Pyrimidine Framework through [3 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Amidines, Ketones, and N, N-Dimethylaminoethanol as One Carbon Donor. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13734-13743. [PMID: 34541847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, facile, and eco-friendly synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives has been developed. It involves a [3 + 2 + 1] three-component annulation of amidines, ketones, and one carbon source. N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol is oxidized through C(sp3)-H activation to provide the carbon donor. One C-C and two C-N bonds are formed during the oxidative annulation process. The reaction shows good tolerance to many important functional groups in air, making this methodology a highly versatile alternative, and significant improvement to the existing methods for structuring a pyrimidine framework, especially 4-aliphatic pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Qin
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P R China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P R China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P R China
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3
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Jia H, Yu J, Du X, Cherukupalli S, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, diversity-oriented synthesis and biological evaluation of novel heterocycle derivatives as non-nucleoside HBV capsid protein inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112495. [PMID: 32712535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The capsid assembly is a significant phase for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) lifespan and is an essential target for anti-HBV drug discovery and development. Herein, we used scaffold hopping, bioisosterism, and pharmacophore hybrid-based strategies to design and synthesize six series of various heterocycle derivatives (pyrazole, thiazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridine) and screened for in vitro anti-HBV non-nucleoside activity. Drug candidate NZ-4 and AT-130 were used as lead compounds. Several compounds exhibited prominent anti-HBV activity compared to lead compound NZ-4 and positive drug Lamivudine, especially compound II-8b, showed the most prominent anti-HBV DNA replication activity (IC50 = 2.2 ± 1.1 μM). Also compounds IV-8e and VII-5b showed the best in vitro anti-HBsAg secretion (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.7 μM, CC50 > 100 μM) and anti-HBeAg secretion (IC50 = 9.7 ± 2.8 μM, CC50 > 100 μM) respectively. Besides, II-8b can interact HBV capsid protein with good affinity constants (KD = 60.0 μM), which is equivalent to lead compound NZ-4 ((KD = 50.6 μM). The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the newly synthesized compounds were summarized, which may help researchers to discover more potent anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ji Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xianhong Du
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, PR China; Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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4
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Database of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of >300 Common Compounds for use in Photochem
CAD. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:290-327. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Schmidt EY, Tatarinova IV, Protsuk NI, Ushakov IA, Trofimov BA. A One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Aminopyrimidines from Ketones, Arylacetylenes, and Guanidine. J Org Chem 2016; 82:119-125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu. Schmidt
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky
Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Inna V. Tatarinova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky
Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I. Protsuk
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky
Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Igor’ A. Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky
Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Boris A. Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute
of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky
Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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6
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Guirado A, Alarcón E, Vicente Y, Andreu R, Bautista D, Gálvez J. A new convenient synthetic approach to diarylpyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Guo W, Li C, Liao J, Ji F, Liu D, Wu W, Jiang H. Transition Metal Free Intermolecular Direct Oxidative C–N Bond Formation to Polysubstituted Pyrimidines Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5538-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key
Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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8
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Characterization of amide bond conformers for a novel heterocyclic template of N-acylhydrazone derivatives. Molecules 2013; 18:11683-704. [PMID: 24071978 PMCID: PMC6270085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe NMR experiments and structural modifications of 4-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine-N-acylhydrazone compounds (aryl-NAH) in order to discover if duplication of some signals in their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra was related to a mixture of imine double bond stereoisomers (E/Z) or CO-NH bond conformers (syn and anti-periplanar). NMR data from NOEdiff, 2D-NOESY and 1H-NMR spectra at different temperatures, and also the synthesis of isopropylidene hydrazone revealed the nature of duplicated signals of a 4-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine-N-acylhydrazone derivative as a mixture of two conformers in solution. Further we investigated the stereoelectronic influence of substituents at the ortho position on the pyrimidine ring with respect to the carbonyl group, as well as the electronic effects of pyrimidine by changing it to phenyl. The conformer equilibrium was attributed to the decoplanarization of the aromatic ring and carbonyl group (generated by an ortho-alkyl group) and/or the electron withdrawing character of the pyrimidine ring. Both effects increased the rotational barrier of the C-N amide bond, as verified by the ΔG≠ values calculated from dynamic NMR. As far as we know, it is the first description of aryl-NAH compounds presenting two CO-NH bond- related conformations.
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9
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Guirado A, Alarcón E, Vicente Y, Andreu R. A new improved method for the synthesis of 2,4-diarylpyrimidines starting from 2,2,2-trichloroethylideneacetophenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Gayon E, Szymczyk M, Gérard H, Vrancken E, Campagne JM. Stereoselective and Catalytic Access to β-Enaminones: An Entry to Pyrimidines. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9205-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gayon
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR
5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole
Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Monika Szymczyk
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR
5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole
Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hélène Gérard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
UMR 7616, UPMC—Université Paris 06, CNRS case 137, 4 Place Jussieu, 75262 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emmanuel Vrancken
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR
5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole
Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR
5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole
Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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Starkulla GF, Klenk S, Butschies M, Tussetschläger S, Laschat S. Towards room temperature ionic liquid crystals: linear versus bent imidazolium phenylpyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Sasada T, Aoki Y, Ikeda R, Sakai N, Konakahara T. Synthesis of Tri- or Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives through the [5+1] Annulation of Enamidines with either N,N-Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals or Orthoesters and Their Application in a Ring Transformation of Pyrimidines to Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidi. Chemistry 2011; 17:9385-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Investigation on possibility of rearrangement of pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids esters. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Liu H, Xia W, Luo Y, Lu W. A novel synthesis of imatinib and its intermediates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Benzothiophene containing Rho kinase inhibitors: Efficacy in an animal model of glaucoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3361-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Yadav LDS, Rai A. A novel multicomponent synthesis of polyfunctionalized bicyclic tetrahydropyrimidinone derivatives via mercaptoacetylative ring transformations. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Murthy A, Ullas G. Synthesis of [ 14C] labeled 2-methoxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Tabarrini O, Massari S, Daelemans D, Stevens M, Manfroni G, Sabatini S, Balzarini J, Cecchetti V, Pannecouque C, Fravolini A. Structure-activity relationship study on anti-HIV 6-desfluoroquinolones. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5454-8. [PMID: 18710207 DOI: 10.1021/jm701585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our recent findings that 6-aminoquinolones inhibit the HIV Tat-mediated transactivation, we have designed a broad series of derivatives identifying novel potent agents such as the 6-desfluoroquinolones 24 (HM12) and 27 (HM13), which showed pronounced anti-HIV activity in acutely, chronically, and latently HIV-1 infected cell cultures. We demonstrate here that highly potent molecules can be obtained by optimizing the substituent in the various positions of the quinolone nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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19
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Yadav LDS, Awasthi C, Rai VK, Rai A. A route to functionalized pyrimidines from carbohydrates via amine-driven dehydrative ring transformations. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Yan SF, Ivanov AY, Dar’in DV, Lobanov PS, Potekhin AA. Direction of hydrolysis of esters of some pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-007-0228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Matloobi M, Kappe CO. Microwave-Assisted Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-arylpyrimidine Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:275-84. [PMID: 17348733 DOI: 10.1021/cc0601377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid microwave-assisted solution-phase method for the synthesis of 2-amino-4-arylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives has been developed. The five-step linear protocol involves an initial Biginelli multicomponent reaction leading to dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones which are subsequently S-alkylated with methyl iodide. The resulting 2-methylthiodihydropyrimidines are sequentially oxidized first with manganese dioxide and then with Oxone to provide 2-methylsulfonyl-pyrimidines which serve as excellent precursors for the generation of a variety of 2-substituted pyrimidines via displacement of the reactive sulfonyl group with nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles. A modified protocol using a solid-phase method has also been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Matloobi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Hirashima S, Suzuki T, Ishida T, Noji S, Yata S, Ando I, Komatsu M, Ikeda S, Hashimoto H. Benzimidazole derivatives bearing substituted biphenyls as hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors: structure-activity relationship studies and identification of a potent and highly selective inhibitor JTK-109. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4721-36. [PMID: 16854079 DOI: 10.1021/jm060269e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following the discovery of a new series of benzimidazole derivatives bearing a diarylmethyl group as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (HCV NS5B RdRp),1,2 we extended the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to analogues bearing a substituted biphenyl group and succeeded in a significant advancement of activity. Starting from compound 1, optimization of the A, B, and C rings afforded potent inhibitors with low nanomolar potency against genotype 1b NS5B. The compounds, which have a substituent with a carbonyl function at the 4-position of the B-ring, efficiently blocked subgenomic viral RNA replication in the replicon cell assay at low submicromolar concentrations. Among the new compounds, compound 10n (JTK-109) exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, high selectivity for NS5B, and good safety profiles, suggesting the potential for a clinical candidate in the treatment of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hirashima
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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23
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Bagley M, Hughes D, Lubinu M, Merritt E, Taylor P, Tomkinson N. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Pyrimidine Libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200420044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Porcheddu A, Giacomelli G, De Luca L, Ruda AM. A “Catch and Release” Strategy for the Parallel Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 6:105-11. [PMID: 14714993 DOI: 10.1021/cc034024o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A resin capture and release strategy for making a combinatorial array of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyrimidines is demonstrated by capturing beta-ketoesters and beta-ketoamides on a solid-supported piperazine. Through a cyclocondensation reaction, the solid-supported enaminone is reacted with several guanidines under heating or microwave irradiation affording the corresponding pyrimidines in good yield and chemical purity directly on solution. After this final step, the support can be effectively recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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25
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Palanki MSS, Gayo-Fung LM, Shevlin GI, Erdman P, Sato M, Goldman M, Ransone LJ, Spooner C. Structure-activity relationship studies of ethyl 2-[(3-methyl-2,5-dioxo(3-pyrrolinyl))amino]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate: an inhibitor of AP-1 and NF-kappaB mediated gene expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2573-7. [PMID: 12182863 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several analogues of ethyl 2-[(3-methyl-2,5-dioxo(3-pyrrolinyl))amino]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (1) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of AP-1 and NF-kappaB mediated transcriptional activation in Jurkat T cells. From our SAR work, ethyl 2-[(3-methyl-2,5-dioxo(3-pyrrolinyl))-N-methylamino]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate was identified as a novel and potent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy S S Palanki
- Celgene Signal Research Division, 5555 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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26
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Wyatt PG, Allen MJ, Chilcott J, Foster A, Livermore DG, Mordaunt JE, Scicinski J, Woollard PM. Identification of potent and selective oxytocin antagonists. Part 1: indole and benzofuran derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1399-404. [PMID: 11992786 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies to discover novel, potent and selective oxytocin antagonists are reported. Combinatorial libraries designed to find novel replacements of fragments of oxytocin antagonist L-371,257, identified pyrimidine, thiazole, indole and benzofuran as potential alternatives to the benzoic acid moiety of L-371,257. Additional investigations identified indole and benzofuran derivatives with potent oxytocin antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Wyatt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, Herts, UK
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27
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Franz RD. Comparisons of pKa and log P values of some carboxylic and phosphonic acids: synthesis and measurement. AAPS PHARMSCI 2001; 3:E10. [PMID: 11741262 PMCID: PMC2779558 DOI: 10.1208/ps030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the physiochemical properties accompanying the substitution of a phosphonic acid group for a carboxylic acid group on various heterocyclic platforms was determined. A series of low molecular weight heterocyclic carboxylic and phosphonic acids was prepared, and the acid dissociation content (pKa) and log P values were measured potentiometrically. These values were compared to those of substituted benzene phosphonic acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonamides, and tetrazoles. The carboxylic acids included 3 pyrazoles, an imidazole, a triazole, 2 pyrimidines, and 6 aryl compounds. The phosphonic acids included a triazole, 2 pyrazoles, 4 pyrimidines, a thiophene, and 6 aryl compounds. Most of the compounds synthesized had adequate water solubility, although a simple methyl substituent in 2 series had a great effect, completely changing the properties. Log P values for the synthesized carboxylic and phosphonic acid compounds were below 2, and pK1 values for the heterocyclic phosphonic acids were generally 2 to 3 log units lower than for the heterocyclic carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Franz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA.
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28
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Palanki MS, Erdman PE, Gayo-Fung LM, Shevlin GI, Sullivan RW, Goldman ME, Ransone LJ, Bennett BL, Manning AM, Suto MJ. Inhibitors of NF-kappaB and AP-1 gene expression: SAR studies on the pyrimidine portion of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-5-[N-(3', 5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carboxamide]. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3995-4004. [PMID: 11052805 DOI: 10.1021/jm0001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structure-activity relationship studies of N-[3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl][2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5 -yl]carboxamide (1), an inhibitor of transcription mediated by both NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors, with the goal of improving its potential oral bioavailability. Compounds were examined for cell-based activity, were fit to Lipinski's rule of 5, and were examined for potential gastrointestinal permeability using the intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2. Selected groups were substituted at the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring using solution-phase combinatorial methodology. The introduction of a fluorine in the place of 2-chlorine of 1 resulted in a compound with comparable activity. However, other substitutions at the 2-position resulted in a loss of activity. The trifluoromethyl group at the 4-position could be replaced with a methyl, ethyl, chlorine, or phenyl without a substantial loss of activity. The carboxamide group at the 5-position is critical for activity. If it was moved to the 6-position, the activity was lost. The 2-methyl analogue of 1 (81) showed comparable in vitro activity and improved Caco-2 permeability compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Palanki
- Signal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5555 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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29
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Jiang B, Yang CG. Synthesis of Indolylpyrimidines via Cross-Coupling of Indolylboronic Acid with Chloropyrimidines: Facile Synthesis of Meridianin D. HETEROCYCLES 2000. [DOI: 10.3987/com-00-8890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Quan M, Wityak J, Dominguez C, Duncia J, Kettner C, Ellis C, Liauw A, Park J, Santella J, Knabb R, Thoolen M, Weber P, Wexler R. Biaryl substituted alkylboronate esters as thrombin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Ojo B, Dunbar PG, Durant GJ, Nagy PI, Huzl JJ, Periyasamy S, Ngur DO, el-Assadi AA, Hoss WP, Messer WS. Synthesis and biochemical activity of novel amidine derivatives as m1 muscarinic receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1605-15. [PMID: 8931930 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of a continuing effort aimed at the development of selective, efficacious, and centrally active m1 muscarinic agonists for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a series of amide and hydrazide amidine derivatives (2a-e and 3b-d) was synthesized and examined for muscarinic agonist activity. Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that 2b, 2d, and 3d bound to muscarinic receptors in rat brain and stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism in rat cerebral cortex. Compounds 2b and 2d were also highly efficacious at m1 muscarinic receptors expressed in cultured A9 L cells. Molecular modeling studies suggest slightly different modes of interaction with m1 receptors for the ester and amide derivatives. Also, hydrogen-bond formation with a Thr residue may be important for m1 muscarinic agonist potency. The data suggest that the amide moiety can replace the ester group found in muscarinic agonists and provide further support for the utility of amidine derivatives in the development of efficacious m1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ojo
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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32
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Dorigo P, Fraccarollo D, Santostasi G, Maragno I, Floreani M, Borea PA, Mosti L, Sansebastiano L, Fossa P, Orsini F, Benetollo F, Bombieri G. Synthesis and cardiotonic activity of novel pyrimidine derivatives: crystallographic and quantum chemical studies. J Med Chem 1996; 39:3671-83. [PMID: 8809156 DOI: 10.1021/jm9508649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of ethyl or methyl 4-substituted or unsubstituted 2-(dimethylamino)-5-pyrimidinecarboxylates 10-20, which is mainly carried out by reaction of ethyl or methyl 2-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-3-oxoalkanoates with 1,1-dimethylguanidine, is described. The above esters were hydrolyzed to the relative carboxylic acids 21-30, which were decarboxylated to the corresponding 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines 31-40. All the new synthesized pyrimidines were evaluated in spontaneously beating and electrically driven atria from reserpine-treated guinea pigs. Their effects were compared to those induced by milrinone in both atria preparations. Compound 28 (4-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) was the most effective positive inotropic agent, while the corresponding methyl ester 17 reduced both the contractile force and the frequency of guinea pig atria. An antagonism toward the negative influence exerted by endogenous adenosine on the heart seems to be involved in the contractile activity of compound 28. By contrast, compound 17 might be partial agonist at the purinergic inhibitory (A1) receptor. X-ray analysis carried out on 17 and 28 and molecular modeling investigations extended also to related derivatives allowed a possible rationalization between structure and inotropic activity for this series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dorigo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università di Padova, Italy
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33
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34
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Schenone P, Fossa P, Menozzi G. Reaction of 2-dimethylaminomethylene-1,3-diones with dinucleophiles.X. synthesis of 5-substituted ethyl or methyl 4-isoxazolecarboxylates and methyl 4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)-5-isoxazolecarboxylate. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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