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Lu F, Wang R, Cheng Y, Li X. Preconditioning with β-hydroxybutyrate attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing alveolar macrophage pyroptosis through the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70027. [PMID: 39221615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) was examined in a murine model, focusing on the role of pyroptosis and its exacerbation of lung injury. We specifically examined the levels and cellular localization of pyroptosis within the lung, which revealed alveolar macrophages as the primary site. The inhibition of pyroptosis by VX-765 reduced the severity of lung injury, underscoring its significant role in LIRI. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) in ameliorating LIRI was examined. Modulation of β-OHB levels was evaluated by ketone ester supplementation and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH-1) gene knockout, along with the manipulation of the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway using EX-527 and pCMV-SIRT1 plasmid transfection. This revealed that β-OHB exerts lung-protective and anti-pyroptotic effects, which were mediated through the upregulation of SIRT1 and the enhancement of FOXO3 deacetylation, leading to decreased pyroptosis markers and lung injury. In addition, β-OHB treatment of MH-S cells in vitro showed a concentration-dependent improvement in pyroptosis, linking its therapeutic benefits to specific cell mechanisms. Overall, this study highlights the significance of alveolar macrophage pyroptosis in the exacerbation of LIRI and indicates the potential of β-OHB in mitigating injury by modulating the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rurong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - XueHan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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He W, Liao K, Li R, Peng W, Qian B, Zeng D, Tang F, Xue F, Jung YS, Dai J. Development of a CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescent detection method of Senecavirus A. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:258. [PMID: 38877537 PMCID: PMC11179212 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecavirus A (SVA), identified in 2002, is known to cause porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD), which presents with symptoms resembling other vesicular diseases. This similarity complicates field diagnosis. Conventional molecular diagnostic techniques are limited by their cost, sensitivity, and requirement for complicated instrumentation. Therefore, developing an effective and accurate diagnostic method is crucial for timely identification and isolation of affected pigs, thereby preventing further disease spread. METHODS In this study, we developed a highly-specific and ultra-sensitive SVA detection method powered by CRISPR/Cas12a. To enhance the availability in laboratories with varied equipment conditions, microplate reader and ultraviolet light transilluminator were introduced. Moreover, PCR amplification has also been incorporated into this method to improve sensitivity. The specificity and sensitivity of this method were determined following the preparation of the recombinant Cas12a protein and optimization of the CRISPR/Cas12a-based trans-cleavage system. RESULTS The method demonstrated no cross-reactivity with ten kinds of viruses of swine. The minimum template concentration required to activate substantial trans-cleavage activity was determined to be 106 copies/µL of SVA templates. However, when PCR amplification was incorporated, the method achieved a detection limit of one copy of SVA templates per reaction. It also exhibited 100% accuracy in simulated sample testing. The complete testing process does not exceed three hours. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, this method utilizes standard laboratory equipment, making it accessible for use in resource-limited settings and facilitating widespread and ultra-sensitive screening during epidemics. Overall, the development of this method not only broadens the array of tools available for detecting SVA but also holds significant promise for controlling the spread of PIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Kai Liao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Wanqing Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bingxu Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dexin Zeng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Yong Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianjun Dai
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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3
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Sefik E, Duan K, Li Y, Sholar B, Evans L, Pincus J, Ammar Z, Murphy MM, Klaiman C, Saulnier CA, Pulver SL, Goldman-Yassen AE, Guo Y, Walker EF, Li L, Mulle JG, Shultz S. Structural deviations of the posterior fossa and the cerebellum and their cognitive links in a neurodevelopmental deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8. [PMID: 38744992 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-impact genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders provide biologically-defined entry points for mechanistic investigation. The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) is one such variant, conferring a 40-100-fold increased risk for schizophrenia, as well as high risk for autism and intellectual disability. However, the mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental disability remain largely unknown. Here, we report the first in vivo quantitative neuroimaging study in individuals with 3q29Del (N = 24) and neurotypical controls (N = 1608) using structural MRI. Given prior radiology reports of posterior fossa abnormalities in 3q29Del, we focused our investigation on the cerebellum and its tissue-types and lobules. Additionally, we compared the prevalence of cystic/cyst-like malformations of the posterior fossa between 3q29Del and controls and examined the association between neuroanatomical findings and quantitative traits to probe gene-brain-behavior relationships. 3q29Del participants had smaller cerebellar cortex volumes than controls, before and after correction for intracranial volume (ICV). An anterior-posterior gradient emerged in finer grained lobule-based and voxel-wise analyses. 3q29Del participants also had larger cerebellar white matter volumes than controls following ICV-correction and displayed elevated rates of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts and mega cisterna magna findings independent of cerebellar volume. Cerebellar white matter and subregional gray matter volumes were associated with visual-perception and visual-motor integration skills as well as IQ, while cystic/cyst-like malformations yielded no behavioral link. In summary, we find that abnormal development of cerebellar structures may represent neuroimaging-based biomarkers of cognitive and sensorimotor function in 3q29Del, adding to the growing evidence identifying cerebellar pathology as an intersection point between syndromic and idiopathic forms of neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yiheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittney Sholar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsey Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan Pincus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zeena Ammar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celine A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stormi L Pulver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam E Goldman-Yassen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Longchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Wen M, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Zhang J, Sun J, Li X, Ding Y, Lu L, Long K, Nie Y, Li X, Li M, Ge L, Ma J. Diversity and host interaction of the gut microbiota in specific pathogen-free pigs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1402807. [PMID: 38800748 PMCID: PMC11122924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1402807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs are widely used as animal models in various studies related to humans. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the host has significant effects on the host's health and disease status. However, although there have been many studies investigating the pig gut microbiota, the findings have been inconsistent due to variations in rearing conditions. Interactions between the gut microbiota and host have not been fully explored in pigs. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs are ideal non-primate large animals to study the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota and the gut tissue transcriptome of six SPF pigs to provide a systematic understanding of the composition, function, and spatial distribution of gut microbiota in SPF pigs. We identified significant differences in microbial diversity and functionality among different gastrointestinal tract sites. Metagenomics data analysis revealed significant differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity of microbiota in different gastrointestinal sites of SPF pigs. Additionally, transcriptomic data indicated significant differences in gene expression as well as KEGG and GO functional enrichment between the small intestine and large intestine. Furthermore, by combining microbial metagenomics and host transcriptomics analyses, specific correlations were found between gut microbiota and host genes. These included a negative correlation between the TCN1 gene and Prevotella dentalis, possibly related to bacterial metabolic pathways involving vitamin B12, and a positive correlation between the BDH1 gene and Roseburia hominis, possibly because both are involved in fatty acid metabolism. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of the co-evolution between the microbiota and the host, specifically in relation to nutrition, metabolism, and immunity. In conclusion, we have elucidated the diversity of the gut microbiota in SPF pigs and conducted a detailed investigation into the interactions between the gut microbiota and host gene expression. These results contribute to our understanding of the intricate dynamics between the gut microbiota and the host, offering important references for advancements in life science research, bioproduct production, and sustainable development in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchun Ding
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Nie
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Jokinen MJ, Luukkonen PK. Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of steatotic liver disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:319-334. [PMID: 38471991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver diseases (SLDs) affect one-third of the population, but the pathogenesis underlying these diseases is not well understood, limiting the available treatments. A common factor in SLDs is increased hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which occurs as a result of excessive lipid and alcohol metabolism. Recent research has also shown that genetic risk factors contribute to this stress. This review aims to explore how these risk factors increase hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress and how it disrupts hepatic metabolism, leading to SLDs. Additionally, the review will discuss the latest clinical studies on pharmaceutical treatments for SLDs, specifically peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists, thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonists, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, and mitochondrial uncouplers. These treatments have a common effect of decreasing hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which has been largely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Jokinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Li K, Wang WH, Wu JB, Xiao WH. β-hydroxybutyrate: A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115191. [PMID: 37487440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), the most abundant ketone body, is produced primarily in the liver and acts as a substitute energy fuel to provide energy to extrahepatic tissues in the event of hypoglycemia or glycogen depletion. We now have an improved understanding of β-HB as a signal molecule and epigenetic regulatory factor as a result of intensive research over the last ten years. Because β-HB regulates various physiological and pathological processes, it may have a potential role in the treatment of metabolic diseases. The liver is the most significant metabolic organ, and the part that β-HB plays in liver disorders is receiving increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of β-HB on liver diseases and its underlying mechanisms of action. Moreover, we explore the prospects of exogenous supplements and endogenous ketosis including fasting, caloric restriction (CR), ketogenic diet (KD), and exercise as adjuvant nutritional therapies to protect the liver from damage and provide insights and strategies for exploring the treatment of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xiao
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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7
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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8
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Zhuang Y, Lv X, Cui K, Chai J, Zhang N. Early Solid Diet Supplementation Influences the Proteomics of Rumen Epithelium in Goat Kids. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050684. [PMID: 37237498 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that solid diet supplementation in early life can significantly promote rumen development and metabolic function in young ruminants. However, the changes in the expressed proteome and related metabolism in rumen epithelium in response to a supplemented solid diet remain unclear. In this study, rumen epithelial tissue from goats in three diet regimes including milk replacer only (MRO), milk replacer supplemented concentrate (MRC), and milk replacer supplemented concentrate plus alfalfa pellets (MCA) were collected for measurement of the expression of epithelial proteins using proteomic technology (six per group). The results showed that solid diet significantly improved the growth performance of goats, enhanced the ability of rumen fermentation, and promoted the development of epithelial papilla (p < 0.05). Proteome analysis revealed the distinct difference in the expressed protein in the MRC and MCA group compared with the MRO group (42 upregulated proteins and 79 downregulated proteins in MRC; 38 upregulated proteins and 73 downregulated proteins in MCA). Functional analysis showed that solid diet supplementation activated a variety of molecular functions in the epithelium, including protein binding, ATP binding, structural constituent of muscle, etc., in the MRC and MCA groups. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and butanoate metabolism were upregulated, being stimulated by solid feed. In contrast, the proteins associated with carbohydrate digestion and absorption and glycosaminoglycan degradation were downregulated. In addition, the protein expression of enzymes involved in ketone body synthesis in the rumen was generally activated, which was caused by solid feed. In summary, solid feed promoted the development of rumen epithelium by changing the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, energy synthesis, and signal transduction. The ketone body synthesis pathway might be the most important activated pathway, and provides energy for rumen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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9
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Bakr S, Brennan K, Mukherjee P, Argemi J, Hernaez M, Gevaert O. Identifying key multifunctional components shared by critical cancer and normal liver pathways via SparseGMM. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100392. [PMID: 36814838 PMCID: PMC9939431 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of multimodal data, suitable statistical models that can improve our understanding of diseases with genetic underpinnings are challenging to develop. Here, we present SparseGMM, a statistical approach for gene regulatory network discovery. SparseGMM uses latent variable modeling with sparsity constraints to learn Gaussian mixtures from multiomic data. By combining coexpression patterns with a Bayesian framework, SparseGMM quantitatively measures confidence in regulators and uncertainty in target gene assignment by computing gene entropy. We apply SparseGMM to liver cancer and normal liver tissue data and evaluate discovered gene modules in an independent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset. SparseGMM identifies PROCR as a regulator of angiogenesis and PDCD1LG2 and HNF4A as regulators of immune response and blood coagulation in cancer. Furthermore, we show that more genes have significantly higher entropy in cancer compared with normal liver. Among high-entropy genes are key multifunctional components shared by critical pathways, including p53 and estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Bakr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pritam Mukherjee
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Hughey CC, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Integrating the contributions of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to lipotoxicity and inflammation in NAFLD pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Yano K, Yamaguchi K, Seko Y, Okishio S, Ishiba H, Tochiki N, Takahashi A, Kataoka S, Okuda K, Liu Y, Fujii H, Umemura A, Moriguchi M, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Hepatocyte-specific fibroblast growth factor 21 overexpression ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice. J Transl Med 2022; 102:281-289. [PMID: 34732847 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is an endocrine growth factor mainly secreted by the liver in response to a ketogenic diet and alcohol consumption. FGF21 signaling requires co-receptor β-klotho (KLB) co-acting with FGF receptors, which has pleiotropic metabolic effects, including induced hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, in human and animal models of obesity. We examined the hepatocyte-specific enhancer/promoter of FGF21 expression plasmids in high-fat diet-fed mice for 12 weeks. Hydrodynamic injection for FGF21 delivery every 6 weeks sustained high circulating levels of FGF21, resulting in marked reductions in body weight, epididymal fat mass, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. FGF21-induced lipolysis in the adipose tissue enabled the liver to be flooded with fat-derived FFAs. The hepatic expression of Glut2 and Bdh1 was upregulated, whereas that of gluconeogenesis-related genes, G6p and Pepck, and lipogenesis-related genes, Srebp-1 and Srebp-2, was significantly suppressed. FGF21 induced the phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 and Raptor at ser792 and suppressed that of mTOR at ser2448, which downregulated mTORC1 signaling and reduced IRS-1 phosphorylation at ser1101. Finally, in the skeletal muscle, FGF21 increased Glut4 and Mct2, a membrane protein that acts as a carrier for ketone bodies. Enzymes for ketone body catabolism (Scot) and citrate cycle (Cs, Idh3a), and a marker of regenerating muscle (myogenin) were also upregulated via increased KLB expression. Thus, FGF21-induced lipolysis was continuously induced by a high-fat diet and fat-derived FFAs might cause liver damage. Hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketone body synthesis may act as hepatic FFAs' disposal mechanisms and contribute to improved liver steatosis. Liver-derived ketone bodies might be used for energy in the skeletal muscle. The potential FGF21-related crosstalk between the liver and extraliver organs is a promising strategy to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Yano
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuya Seko
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okishio
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiba
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tochiki
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seita Kataoka
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichiroh Okuda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Liu
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Bdh1 overexpression ameliorates hepatic injury by activation of Nrf2 in a MAFLD mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35115498 PMCID: PMC8814004 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, a group of experts officially suggested metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease "MAFLD" as a more appropriate overarching term than NAFLD, indicating the key role of metabolism in fatty liver disease. Bdh1, as the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone metabolism, acts as an important metabolic regulator in liver. However, the role of Bdh1 in MAFLD is unclear. In this study, we used the transgenic db/db mice as a MAFLD mouse model and observed the downregulated expression of Bdh1 in fatty liver. In addition, expression of Bdh1 was also reduced by palmitic acid (PA) treatment in LO2 cells. Bdh1 knockdown led to ROS overproduction and ROS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in LO2 cells, while Bdh1 overexpression protected LO2 cells from lipotoxicity by inhibiting ROS overproduction. Mechanistically, Bdh1-mediated βOHB metabolism inhibits ROS overproduction by activation of Nrf2 through enhancement of metabolic flux composed of βOHB-AcAc-succinate-fumarate. Notably, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Bdh1 overexpression successfully reversed the hepatic function indexes, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in fatty livers from db/db mice. In conclusion, our study revealed a Bdh1-mediated molecular mechanism in pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction related liver disease and identified Bdh1 as a novel potential therapeutic target for MAFLD.
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13
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Abstract
Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during states of low carbohydrate availability. Efforts to enhance wellness and ameliorate disease via nutritional, chronobiological, and pharmacological interventions have markedly intensified interest in ketone body metabolism. The two ketone body redox partners, acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, serve distinct metabolic and signaling roles in biological systems. We discuss the pleiotropic roles played by both of these ketones in health and disease. While enthusiasm is warranted, prudent procession through therapeutic applications of ketogenic and ketone therapies is also advised, as a range of metabolic and signaling consequences continue to emerge. Organ-specific and cell-type-specific effects of ketone bodies are important to consider as prospective therapeutic and wellness applications increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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14
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Huang D, Lewis VM, Foster TN, Toomey MB, Corbo JC, Parichy DM. Development and genetics of red coloration in the zebrafish relative Danio albolineatus. eLife 2021; 10:70253. [PMID: 34435950 PMCID: PMC8416024 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal pigment patterns play important roles in behavior and, in many species, red coloration serves as an honest signal of individual quality in mate choice. Among Danio fishes, some species develop erythrophores, pigment cells that contain red ketocarotenoids, whereas other species, like zebrafish (D. rerio) only have yellow xanthophores. Here, we use pearl danio (D. albolineatus) to assess the developmental origin of erythrophores and their mechanisms of differentiation. We show that erythrophores in the fin of D. albolineatus share a common progenitor with xanthophores and maintain plasticity in cell fate even after differentiation. We further identify the predominant ketocarotenoids that confer red coloration to erythrophores and use reverse genetics to pinpoint genes required for the differentiation and maintenance of these cells. Our analyses are a first step toward defining the mechanisms underlying the development of erythrophore-mediated red coloration in Danio and reveal striking parallels with the mechanism of red coloration in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delai Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Victor M Lewis
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Tarah N Foster
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States
| | - Matthew B Toomey
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
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15
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Stagg DB, Gillingham JR, Nelson AB, Lengfeld JE, d'Avignon DA, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Diminished ketone interconversion, hepatic TCA cycle flux, and glucose production in D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase hepatocyte-deficient mice. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101269. [PMID: 34116232 PMCID: PMC8259407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Throughout the last decade, interest has intensified in intermittent fasting, ketogenic diets, and exogenous ketone therapies as prospective health-promoting, therapeutic, and performance-enhancing agents. However, the regulatory roles of ketogenesis and ketone metabolism on liver homeostasis remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to develop a better understanding of the metabolic consequences of hepatic ketone body metabolism by focusing on the redox-dependent interconversion of acetoacetate (AcAc) and D-β-hydroxybutyrate (D-βOHB). Methods Using targeted and isotope tracing high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, dual stable isotope tracer nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic flux modeling, and complementary physiological approaches in novel cell type-specific knockout mice, we quantified the roles of hepatocyte D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1), a mitochondrial enzyme required for NAD+/NADH-dependent oxidation/reduction of ketone bodies. Results Exogenously administered AcAc is reduced to D-βOHB, which increases hepatic NAD+/NADH ratio and reflects hepatic BDH1 activity. Livers of hepatocyte-specific BDH1-deficient mice did not produce D-βOHB, but owing to extrahepatic BDH1, these mice nonetheless remained capable of AcAc/D-βOHB interconversion. Compared to littermate controls, hepatocyte-specific BDH1 deficient mice exhibited diminished liver tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and impaired gluconeogenesis, but normal hepatic energy charge overall. Glycemic recovery after acute insulin challenge was impaired in knockout mice, but they were not more susceptible to starvation-induced hypoglycemia. Conclusions Ketone bodies influence liver homeostasis. While liver BDH1 is not required for whole body equilibration of AcAc and D-βOHB, loss of the ability to interconvert these ketone bodies in hepatocytes results in impaired TCA cycle flux and glucose production. Therefore, through oxidation/reduction of ketone bodies, BDH1 is a significant contributor to hepatic mitochondrial redox, liver physiology, and organism-wide ketone body homeostasis. Exogenously administered acetoacetate is reduced to D-β-hydroxybutyrate, increasing hepatic NAD+/NADH ratio. Liver BDH1 is not required for whole body equilibration of acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate. Hepatocyte-specific loss of BDH1 reduces hepatic TCA cycle flux, and TCA-cycle sourced gluconeogenesis. Hepatocyte-specific loss of BDH1 impairs glycemic recovery without provoking starvation-induced hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Stagg
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacob R Gillingham
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alisa B Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin E Lengfeld
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D André d'Avignon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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16
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Han F, Zhao H, Lu J, Yun W, Yang L, Lou Y, Su D, Chen X, Zhang S, Jin H, Li X, Sun J, Huang H, Wang Q, Jiang X. Anti-Tumor Effects of BDH1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694594. [PMID: 34150668 PMCID: PMC8213090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of ketone metabolism has been reported in various types of cancer. In order to find out its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis, we first analyzed the expression levels of 10 key genes involved in ketone metabolism in AML blasts and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from healthy donors. We found that the expression level of BDH1 was significantly lower in AML than in normal HSCs. The downregulation of BDH1 gene expression in AML cell lines as compared with normal HSCs was further confirmed with real-time RT-PCR. Analysis of TCGA and other database revealed that the downregulation of BDH1 was associated with worse prognosis in AML patients. In addition, we showed that overexpression of BDH1 inhibited the viability and proliferation of AML cells. In contrast, BDH1 knock-down promoted AML cell growth. Collectively, our results suggest the previously unappreciated anti-tumor role of BDH1 in AML, and low BDH1 expression predicts poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weina Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yude Lou
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Fernandes GW, Bocco BMLC. Hepatic Mediators of Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis: Focus on Fatty Liver and Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e110320187539. [PMID: 33143628 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816999201103141216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that it is caused by the absence of insulin secretion due to the inability of the pancreas to produce it (type 1 diabetes; T1DM), or due to defects of insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues, resulting in insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes; T2DM). Commonly, the occurrence of insulin resistance in T2DM patients reflects the high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in these individuals. In fact, approximately 60% of T2DM patients are also diagnosed to have NAFLD, and this condition is strongly linked with insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome and includes a spectrum of pathological conditions, which range from simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD manifestation is followed by a series of hepatic lipid deregulations and the main abnormalities are increased triglyceride levels, increased hepatic production of VLDL and a reduction in VLDL catabolism. During the progression of NAFLD, the production of ketone bodies progressively reduces while hepatic glucose synthesis and output increases. In fact, most of the fat that enters the liver can be disposed of through ketogenesis, preventing the development of NAFLD and hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE This review will focus on the pathophysiological aspect of hepatic lipid metabolism deregulation, ketogenesis, and its relevance in the progression of NAFLD and T2DM. CONCLUSION A better understanding of the molecular mediators involved in lipid synthesis and ketogenesis can lead to new treatments for metabolic disorders in the liver, such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo W Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States
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