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Kasper VL, Assis DN. Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S98-S106. [PMID: 39105342 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary complications of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) constitute a significant burden for persons with CF of all ages, with advanced CF liver disease in particular representing a leading cause of mortality. The causes of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, ranging from steatosis to focal biliary cholestasis and biliary strictures, are poorly understood and likely reflect a variety of environmental and disease-modifying factors in the setting of underlying CFTR mutations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary manifestations of CF, and discusses emerging disease models and therapeutic approaches that hold promise to impact this important yet incompletely addressed aspect of CF care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania L Kasper
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David N Assis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Bonanini F, Singh M, Yang H, Kurek D, Harms AC, Mardinoglu A, Hankemeier T. A comparison between different human hepatocyte models reveals profound differences in net glucose production, lipid composition and metabolism in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114008. [PMID: 38499143 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are responsible for maintaining a stable blood glucose concentration during periods of nutrient scarcity. The breakdown of glycogen and de novo synthesis of glucose are crucial metabolic pathways deeply interlinked with lipid metabolism. Alterations in these pathways are often associated with metabolic diseases with serious clinical implications. Studying energy metabolism in human cells is challenging. Primary hepatocytes are still considered the golden standard for in vitro studies and have been instrumental in elucidating key aspects of energy metabolism found in vivo. As a result of several limitations posed by using primary cells, a multitude of alternative hepatocyte cellular models emerged as potential substitutes. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the precise applications for which these models accurately reflect the metabolic competence of primary hepatocytes. In this study, we compared primary hepatocytes, stem cell-derived hepatocytes, adult donor-derived liver organoids, immortalized Upcyte-hepatocytes and the hepatoma cell line HepG2s in their response to a glucose production challenge. We observed the highest net glucose production in primary hepatocytes, followed by organoids, stem-cell derived hepatocytes, Upcyte-hepatocytes and HepG2s. Glucogenic gene induction was observed in all tested models, as indicated by an increase in G6PC and PCK1 expression. Lipidomic analysis revealed considerable differences across the models, with organoids showing the closest similarity to primary hepatocytes in the common lipidome, comprising 347 lipid species across 19 classes. Changes in lipid profiles as a result of the glucose production challenge showed a variety of, and in some cases opposite, trends when compared to primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Amy C Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Netherlands.
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Sun XC, Kong DF, Zhao J, Faber KN, Xia Q, He K. Liver organoids: established tools for disease modeling and drug development. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202304010-00019. [PMID: 36972388 PMCID: PMC10043560 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, liver organoids have evolved rapidly as valuable research tools, providing novel insights into almost all types of liver diseases, including monogenic liver diseases, alcohol-associated liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, various types of (viral) hepatitis, and liver cancers. Liver organoids in part mimic the microphysiology of the human liver and fill a gap in high-fidelity liver disease models to a certain extent. They hold great promise to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of a diversity of liver diseases and play a crucial role in drug development. Moreover, it is challenging but opportunistic to apply liver organoids for tailored therapies of various liver diseases. The establishment, applications, and challenges of different types of liver organoids, for example, derived from embryonic, adult, or induced pluripotent stem cells, to model different liver diseases, are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Cheng Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Fu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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Lee J, Mun SJ, Shin Y, Lee S, Son MJ. Advances in liver organoids: model systems for liver disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:390-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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