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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Open-chain Tetrapyrrole Pigments–Bilirubins, Biliverdins, Phycobilins, and Synthetic Analogues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Ghidinelli S, Abbate S, Mazzeo G, Boiadjiev SE, Lightner DA, Longhi G. Biliverdin chiral derivatives as chiroptical switches for pH and metal cation sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20138-20151. [PMID: 34551042 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of six optically active derivatives of the bile pigment biliverdin, namely (βS,β'S)-dimethylmesobiliverdin-XIIIα, cyclic esters of linear diols [HO(CH2)nOH] where n = 1-6, have been investigated by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results were correlated with the length (n) of the diester belt, the verdin helicity and an M ⇄ P conformational equilibrium - as previously shown by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Furthermore, ECD spectra have been found to be quite sensitive to solvent nature and pH. TD-DFT calculations of the protonated/deprotonated verdins with n = 1 and 2 diester belts respectively have allowed one, moreover, to explain the spectroscopic data in terms of a change in the M ⇄ P equilibrium. Finally, the set of investigated compounds, together with other chirally functionalized "non-belted" biliverdin analogs, has also been found to be sensitive to the presence of metal ions, with which the verdins chelate. On the basis of ECD and VCD data, we propose that the spectroscopic changes observed are consistent with self-association (dimerization) of the verdin molecules promoted by the metal cations, as bolstered by DFT calculations, and for which a dimerization constant of 73 000 M-1 is evaluated. We envision the use of current chiroptical spectroscopies in connection with chiral biliverdin derivatives as natural sensors or probes of the micro-environmental conditions, such as pH or the presence of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ghidinelli
- Università di Brescia, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Università di Brescia, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), C.N.R., Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Università di Brescia, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefan E Boiadjiev
- Regional Health Inspectorate, 7 Prince Al. Battenberg I Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - David A Lightner
- Chemistry Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Università di Brescia, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), C.N.R., Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Li C, Kräutler B. Transition metal complexes of phyllobilins - a new realm of bioinorganic chemistry. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:10116-27. [PMID: 25923782 PMCID: PMC4447063 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phyllobilins may function as natural ligand molecules for biologically important transition metal ions, giving complexes with remarkable chemical and photophysical properties.
Natural cyclic tetrapyrroles feature outstanding capacity for binding transition metal ions, furnishing Nature with the important metallo-porphyrinoid ‘Pigments of Life’, such as heme, chlorophyll (Chl) and vitamin B12. In contrast, linear tetrapyrroles are not generally ascribed a biologically relevant ability for metal-binding. Indeed, when heme or Chl are degraded to natural linear tetrapyrroles, their central Fe- or Mg-ions are set free. Some linear tetrapyrroles are, however, effective multi-dentate ligands and their transition metal complexes have remarkable chemical properties. The focus of this short review is centred on such complexes of the linear tetrapyrroles derived from natural Chl-breakdown, called phyllobilins. These natural bilin-type compounds are massively produced in Nature and in highly visible processes. Colourless non-fluorescing Chl-catabolites (NCCs) and the related dioxobilin-type NCCs, which typically accumulate in leaves as ‘final’ products of Chl-breakdown, show low affinity for transition metal-ions. However, NCCs are oxidized in leaves to give less saturated coloured phyllobilins, such as yellow or pink Chl-catabolites (YCCs or PiCCs). YCCs and PiCCs are ligands for various biologically relevant transition metal-ions, such as Zn(ii)-, Ni(ii)- and Cu(ii)-ions. Complexation of Zn(ii)- and Cd(ii)-ions by the effectively tridentate PiCC produces blue metal-complexes that exhibit an intense red fluorescence, thus providing a tool for the sensitive detection of these metal ions. Outlined here are fundamental aspects of structure and metal coordination of phyllobilins, including a comparison with the corresponding properties of bilins. This knowledge may be valuable in the quest of finding possible biological roles of the phyllobilins. Thanks to their capacity for metal-ion coordination, phyllobilins could, e.g., be involved in heavy-metal transport and detoxification, and some of their metal-complexes could act as sensitizers for singlet oxygen or as plant toxins against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kakeya K, Aozasa M, Mizutani T, Hitomi Y, Kodera M. Nucleophilic ring opening of meso-substituted 5-oxaporphyrin by oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2591-600. [PMID: 24597593 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic ring opening of 23H-[21,23-didehydro-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-5-oxaporphyrinato](trifluoroacetato)zinc(II) with various nucleophiles such as alkoxide, amine, thiolate, and enolate gave 19-substituted bilinone zinc complexes, and they were isolated as free base bilinones. An X-ray crystallographic study demonstrated that the product of 5-oxaporphyrin with sodium methoxide was 21H,23H-(4Z,9Z,15Z)-1,21-dihydro-19-methoxy-5,10,15-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)bilin-1-one with a helicoidal conformation. The structure of the product of 5-oxaporphyrin with an enolate of ethyl acetoacetate was 21H,22H,24H-(4Z,9Z,15Z,19E)-19-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxopropylidene)-5,10,15-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,19,21,24-tetrahydrobilin-1-one, with three inner NH groups. The product with SH(-) was also the same tautomer, 21H,22H,24H-19-thioxo-bilin-1-one, with three NH groups, while the products with RO(-), RNH2, and RS(-) nucleophiles were 21H,23H-bilin-1-ones with two inner NH groups. The first-order rate constants of the ring opening reaction of 5-oxaporphyrin with 1 M BnOH and BnSH in toluene at 303 K were 3.0 × 10(-4) and 6.1 × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively. The ratio of the rate of alcohol to thiol was much higher than that with methyl iodide, suggesting that 5-oxaporphyrin reacted as a hard electrophile in comparison to methyl iodide. UV-visible spectra of 19-substituted bilinones in CHCl3 at 298 K showed that the absorption maximum of the lower energy band was red-shifted in increasing order of O-substituted (645 nm), S-substituted (668 nm), N-substituted (699 nm), and C-substituted bilinones (706 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kakeya
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and Center for Nanoscience Research, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Nakamura R, Kakeya K, Furuta N, Muta E, Nishisaka H, Mizutani T. Synthesis of para- or ortho-Substituted Triarylbilindiones and Tetraarylbiladienones by Coupled Oxidation of Tetraarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6108-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2007994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kakeya
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Nao Furuta
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Etsuko Muta
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishisaka
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mizutani
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Curty C, Engel N, Iturraspe J, Gossauer A. MECHANISM OF PHOTOOXYGENATION OF THE CD (II) COMPLEX OF PYROPHEOPHORBIDE A METHYL ESTER. Photochem Photobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bröring M, Köhler S, Ostapowicz T, Funk M, Pietzonka C. Preparation, Magnetic and Structural Study on Oxido‐Bridged Diiron(III) Complexes with Open‐Chain Tetrapyrrolic 2,2′‐Bidipyrrin Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bröring
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6421‐282‐5653
| | - Silke Köhler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6421‐282‐5653
| | - Thomas Ostapowicz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6421‐282‐5653
| | - Markus Funk
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6421‐282‐5653
| | - Clemens Pietzonka
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐6421‐282‐5653
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Bröring M, Köhler S. [(bdp)FeBr]: Structural Determination of a Polymorphic Iron Chelate with an Open-Chain Tetrapyrrolic Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bröring M, Köhler S, Link S, Burghaus O, Pietzonka C, Kelm H, Krüger HJ. Iron Chelates of 2,2′-Bidipyrrin: Stable Analogues of the Labile Iron Bilins. Chemistry 2008; 14:4006-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wood TE, Thompson A. Advances in the chemistry of dipyrrins and their complexes. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1831-61. [PMID: 17430001 DOI: 10.1021/cr050052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha E Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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Thermochromic and solvatochromic zinc biladienones: dynamic equilibria of a metal complex having a flexible framework sensitive to environment. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kräutler B, Stepánek R. The Vitamin-B12-derived Co(III)-Complex ‘Pyrocobester’ as Photosensitizer and as Substrate in Reactions Involving ‘Singlet Oxygen’. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19830660517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Furuta H, Maeda H, Osuka A. Regioselective oxidative liberation of aryl-substituted tripyrrinone metal complexes from N-confused porphyrin. Org Lett 2002; 4:181-4. [PMID: 11796045 DOI: 10.1021/ol0168521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A Cu(II) complex of the first aryl-substituted tripyrrinone derivative, 14-benzoyl-5,10-diphenyl-1-oxo-tripyrrinato copper(II) (3-Cu) was obtained in the reaction of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin (NCTPP) and Cu(OAc)(2) in refluxing toluene, and subsequent treatment with acid afforded a free tripyrrolic ligand that could bind a variety of transition metals.
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Rontani JF. Visible light-dependent degradation of lipidic phytoplanktonic components during senescence: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 58:187-202. [PMID: 11551539 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Though most of the organic components of phytoplankton are susceptible to being photodegraded during senescence, until recent years there has been very little research in this area. Recently, however, there have been a renewal of interest, and the heterogeneous visible light-induced degradative reactions of lipidic compounds associated with phytodetritus have been studied. The present paper reviews the results obtained in the course of these studies. In the first part, the production and quenching of excited states of chlorophyll and toxic oxygen species (singlet oxygen, superoxide ion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) in healthy and senescent phytoplanktonic cells are discussed. Then, the photo-oxidation of the main lipidic cell components (chlorophyll, chlorophyll phytyl chain, carotenoids, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids, alkenones and unsaturated alkenes) in senescent phytoplanktonic cells is examined. Emphasis is given to the degradation rates and the mechanisms of visible light-induced degradation of the main lipidic components of phytoplankton and to the structure of the photoproducts formed. In each case, the selectivity of these compounds is discussed in order to select a "pool" of photoproducts able to act as tracers of photo-oxidative alterations in the marine medium. This "pool" of photoproducts could provide very useful information concerning the physiological state of phytoplanktonic communities and current environmental problems related to ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Rontani
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Biogéochimie (UMR 6535), Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille (OSU), campus de Luminy case 901, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Jeandon C, Krattinger B, Ruppert R, Callot HJ. Biladienones from the photooxidation of a meso-gem-disubstituted phlorin: crystal and molecular structures of the 3N + O coordinated nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:3149-53. [PMID: 11399186 DOI: 10.1021/ic001205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photooxidation of a meso-gem-disubstituted phlorin gave two isomeric biladienones in an equilibrium involving a Z-E double bond photoisomerism. The structures of these bile pigments were elucidated using NMR techniques and show terminal benzoyl and pyrrolone moieties. Complexation with divalent cations (nickel(II), copper (II)) gave stable compounds whose crystal and molecular structure could be determined by X-ray diffraction. The metal is coordinated with three pyrrole nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom of a terminal benzoyl group. In the crystal, the molecules are arranged in pairs through hydrogen bonds between the free terminal pyrrolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jeandon
- Faculté de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Koerner R, Olmstead MM, Ozarowski A, Phillips SL, Van Calcar PM, Winkler K, Balch AL. Possible Intermediates in Biological Metalloporphyrin Oxidative Degradation. Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt Complexes of Octaethylformybiliverdin and Their Conversion to a Verdoheme. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973088y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Koerner
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Andrzej Ozarowski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Shane L. Phillips
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Pamela M. Van Calcar
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Krzysztof Winkler
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Jaum� A, Escuer A, Farrera JA, Rib� JM. Reactivity of pyrrole pigments, XXI: Structure and reactivity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) bilindione chelates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mizutani T, Yagi S, Honmaru A, Ogoshi H. Interconversion between Point Chirality and Helical Chirality Driven by Shape-Sensitive Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja953932p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mizutani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606−01 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606−01 Japan
| | - Atsushi Honmaru
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606−01 Japan
| | - Hisanobu Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606−01 Japan
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Isaac M, Senge MO, Smith KM. Synthesis and characterization of models for the bilin catabolites of chlorophylls using metallo-β-oxochlorins and -benzo[at]chlorins: comparison of macrocycle cleavage versus meso-oxochlorin formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iturraspe J, Gossauer A. A biomimetic partial synthesis of the red chlorophyll-a catabolite from Chlorella protothecoides. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Engel N, Jenny TA, Mooser V, Gossauer A. Chlorophyll catabolism in Chlorella protothecoides. Isolation and structure elucidation of a red bilin derivative. FEBS Lett 1991; 293:131-3. [PMID: 1959645 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Engel
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Friburg, Switzerland
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Kraeutler B, Stepanek R. PHOTOOXYGENOLYSIS OF VITAMIN B12and RELATED CORRINS: COBALT(III)CORRINS AS SUBSTRATES and QUENCHERS FOR SINGLET OXYGEN (Δg)*. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iturraspe J, Gossauer A. FORMATION OF OXONIACHLORINS ON PHOTOOXIDATION OF 20-TRIFLUOROACETOXY- AND 20-CHLORO-CHLOROPHYLL DERIVATIVES. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb01983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Swanson KL, Snow KM, Jeyakumar D, Smith KM. Tetrapyrrole products from electrochemical cyclization of 1′,8′-Disubstituted-a,c-biladiene salts. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marsh KL, Connolly JS. Effects of solvent on the rate of bacteriochlorophyll a photo-oxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(84)87023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith KM, Brown SB, Troxler RF, Lai JJ. Photooxygenation of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin metal complexes. Photochem Photobiol 1982; 36:147-52. [PMID: 7122709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Fuhrhop JH, Kerkhoff AB, Besecke S. Metalloporphyrins in Polymeric Matrices, Micelles, and Vesicles, IV. Photochemical and Peroxide Oxidations of Magnesium Octaethylporphyrinate in the Presence of Polymeric and Monomeric Imidazole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198219820514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Brown S, Smith K, Bisset G, Troxler R. Mechanism of photooxidation of bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives. A possible model for natural chlorophyll breakdown. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Matsuura T, Inoue K, Ranade AC, Saito I. PHOTOOXYGENATION OF MAGNESIUM meso-TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN*. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 20. Mitt.: Untersuchungen über das Deprotonierungsgleichgewicht und die Bildung von Metallkomplexen von Gallenpigment-Partialstrukturen. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00907309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fuhrhop JH, Krüger P. 1- oder 19-Methoxy-, 1- oder 19-Amino- und 1- oder 19-Thio- desoxybiliverdine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197719770303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Fuhrhop JH, Baccouche M. Porphyrine in polymerer Matrix und in Micellen, I. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von ω-Carbonsäuren, ω-Sulfonsäuren und ω-Ammoniumsalzen der 5,10,15,20-Tetraalkyl- und Tetra-ω-alkenylporphyrine. European J Org Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197619761113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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41
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Besecke S, Evans B, Barnett GH, Smith KM, Fuhrhop JH. Reaktionen von Magnesiumporphyrinaten in imidazol-haltigen Polymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19760881811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Besecke S, Evans B, Barnett GH, Smith KM, Fuhrhop JH. Reaction of magnesium porphyrinates in polymers containing imidazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1976; 15:551-2. [PMID: 823842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.197605511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Furhop JH, Salek A, Subramanian J, Mengersen C, Besecke S. Metallkomplexe von Biliverdinderivaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197519750612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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