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Wu J, Thiyagarajan S, Fonseca Guerra C, Eduard P, Lutz M, Noordover BAJ, Koning CE, van Es DS. Isohexide Dinitriles: A Versatile Family of Renewable Platform Chemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3202-3211. [PMID: 28590079 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Building blocks of isohexides extended by one carbon atom at the 2- or 5-positions are now synthetically accessible by a convenient, selective, base-catalyzed epimerization of the corresponding dinitriles. Kinetic experiments using the strong organic base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) show that all three possible isohexide dinitrile isomers exist within a dynamic equilibrium. An epimerization mechanism based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations is proposed. Structural identification of all three possible isomers is based on NMR analysis and single crystal x-ray crystallography. DFT calculations confirm that the observed crystal structures are indeed the lowest energy conformers of these isohexide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Textile Industry, Donghua University, Northern Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shanmugam Thiyagarajan
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institut of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Eduard
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A J Noordover
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E Koning
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daan S van Es
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Selliah RD, Hellberg MR, Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Williams GW, Scott DA, Earnest D, Haggard KS, Dean WD, Delgado P, Gaines MS, Conrow RE, Klimko PG. AL-12182, a novel 11-oxa prostaglandin analog with topical ocular hypotensive activity in the monkey. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4525-8. [PMID: 15357985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11-oxa prostaglandin analogs was evaluated for FP receptor binding and activation. Several compounds having aryloxy-terminated lower chains were found to be potent agonists. Topical ocular dosing of AL-12182, the isopropyl ester prodrug of the potent agonist 13, lowered intraocular pressure in the monkey by 40% accompanied by minimal conjunctival hyperemia in the rabbit. AL-12182 was synthesized on multigram scale starting with D-sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Selliah
- Alcon Research, Ltd, Pharmaceutical Products Research, 6201 South Freeway, MS R2-39 Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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Petit F, Furstoss R. Microbiological transformations. 25. Enantioselective baeyer-villiger oxidation as a tool for the synthesis of enantiopure bicyclic furofuran and pyrofuran chirons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thiem J, Schneider G, Sinnwell V. Synthesen von Olivosyl-Oliosiden und spektroskopische Strukturbestimmung von Mithramycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198619860503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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