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Sarkar B, Pramanik T, Jayaraman N. Cyclic Disaccharide Formation Enforced by a Ring Contraction: 2,3-Dideoxy Pyranoside Glycoside Donor to a Furanoside Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2023; 88:670-674. [PMID: 36484560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a disaccharide macrocycle through 2,3-dideoxy glucopyranosyl monosaccharide is reported. 2,3-Dideoxy-erythro-hexopyranosyl thioglycoside possessing a free hydroxy functionality at the C-4 carbon is prepared, and cycloglycosylation is conducted. In the event, the cycloglycosylation occurs with a ring contraction of the monosaccharide moiety and affords the cyclic furanoside disaccharide. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structural characterizations permit the features of the macrocycle to be uncovered. The solubilization and encapsulation properties of the macrocycle are studied in aqueous solutions with 1-aminoadamantane.
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Papezhuk MV, Volynkin VA, Panyushkin VT. The structure and properties of functionalized cyclodextrins and complex compounds based on them. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rabus JM, Pellegrinelli RP, Khodr AHA, Bythell BJ, Rizzo TR, Carrascosa E. Unravelling the structures of sodiated β-cyclodextrin and its fragments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13714-13723. [PMID: 34128027 PMCID: PMC8220536 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present cryogenic infrared spectra of sodiated β-cyclodextrin [β-CD + Na]+, a common cyclic oligosaccharide, and its main dissociation products upon collision-induced dissociation (CID). We characterize the parent ions using high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry and cryogenic infrared action spectroscopy, while the fragments are characterized by their mass and cryogenic infrared spectra. We observe sodium-cationized fragments that differ in mass by 162 u, corresponding to Bn/Zm ions. For the m/z 347 product ion, electronic structure calculations are consistent with formation of the lowest energy 2-ketone B2 ion structure. For the m/z 509 product ion, both the calculated 2-ketone B3 and the Z3 structures show similarities with the experimental spectrum. The theoretical structure most consistent with the spectrum of the m/z 671 ions is a slightly higher energy 2-ketone B4 structure. Overall, the data suggest a consistent formation mechanism for all the observed fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 391 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Robert P Pellegrinelli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Hassan Abi Khodr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 391 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Thomas R Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Klingler FD. The scientific legacy of Frieder W. Lichtenthaler. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2020; 77:121-149. [PMID: 33004111 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a selection of topics from Professor Frieder W. Lichtenthaler's scientific lifework. It describes his contributions to, and further development of, the nitromethane cyclization of dialdehydes leading to amino sugars and amino nucleosides, as well as a new coupling methodology for purine nucleosides. A number of chiral building blocks derived from sugars like the "sugar enolones," enollactones, hydroxyhexenals, and their synthetic applications in natural product syntheses are covered. The article further describes the chemistry of "ulosyl bromides" and their glycosidation reactions, including those with bifunctional acceptors, which led to the synthesis of spectinomycin and gomphoside. Lichtenthaler's work on the preparation of synthetically useful building blocks from disaccharides that are readily available in bulk quantities, and his studies on the reactivity, as well as the selective O-functionalization of sucrose, higher oligosaccharides, and cyclodextrins based on computer simulations, are highlighted. The article also presents his research on the syntheses of chiral building blocks from readily available ketoses and their synthetic applications. Finally the chapter concludes with his significant contributions in the field of the history of carbohydrate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Dietrich Klingler
- Formerly of the Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Effect of the side chain on the properties from cidofovir to brincidofovir, an experimental antiviral drug against to Ebola virus disease. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ikuta D, Hirata Y, Wakamori S, Shimada H, Tomabechi Y, Kawasaki Y, Ikeuchi K, Hagimori T, Matsumoto S, Yamada H. Conformationally supple glucose monomers enable synthesis of the smallest cyclodextrins. Science 2019; 364:674-677. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of α-1,4-d-glucopyranoside and are known mainly as hexamers to octamers. The central cavities of CDs can retain small molecules, enabling diverse applications. The smallest members, CD3 and CD4, have ring sizes too small to permit the most stable conformations of glucopyranose and have not been accessible synthetically. In this study, we present methods to chemically synthesize both CD3 and CD4. The main factor in the successful synthesis is the creation of a glucopyranose ring conformationally counterbalanced between equatorial- and axial-rich forms. This suppleness is imparted by a bridge between O-3 and O-6 of glucose, which enables the generation of desirable, albeit deformed, conformers when synthesizing the cyclic trimer and tetramer.
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León EI, Martín A, Pérez-Martín I, Suárez E. Reductive Radical Cascades Triggered by Alkoxyl Radicals in the β-Cyclodextrin Framework. Org Lett 2018; 20:3385-3389. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I. León
- Síntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Carretera de la Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Angeles Martín
- Síntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Carretera de la Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Martín
- Síntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Carretera de la Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Suárez
- Síntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Carretera de la Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Gebhardt J, Kleist C, Jakobtorweihen S, Hansen N. Validation and Comparison of Force Fields for Native Cyclodextrins in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1608-1626. [PMID: 29287148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of native α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution have been conducted with the goal to investigate the performance of the CHARMM36 force field, the AMBER-compatible q4md-CD force field, and five variants of the GROMOS force field. The properties analyzed are structural parameters derived from X-ray diffraction and NMR experiments as well as hydrogen bonds and hydration patterns, including hydration free enthalpies. Recent revisions of the torsional-angle parameters for carbohydrate systems within the GROMOS family of force fields lead to a significant improvement of the agreement between simulated and experimental NMR data. Therefore, we recommend using the variant 53A6GLYC instead of 53A6 and 56A6CARBO_R or 2016H66 instead of 56A6CARBO to simulate cyclodextrins in solution. The CHARMM36 and q4md-CD force fields show a similar performance as the three recommended GROMOS parameter sets. A significant difference is the more flexible nature of the cyclodextrins modeled with the CHARMM36 and q4md-CD force fields compared to the three recommended GROMOS parameter sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gebhardt
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart , D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Catharina Kleist
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology , D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Jakobtorweihen
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology , D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart , D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Roy A, Saha T, Gening ML, Titov DV, Gerbst AG, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE, Talukdar P. Trimodal Control of Ion-Transport Activity on Cyclo-oligo-(1→6)-β-D-glucosamine-Based Artificial Ion-Transport Systems. Chemistry 2015; 21:17445-52. [PMID: 26448281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-oligo-(1→6)-β-D-glucosamines functionalized with hydrophobic tails are reported as a new class of transmembrane ion-transport system. These macrocycles with hydrophilic cavities were introduced as an alternative to cyclodextrins, which are supramolecular systems with hydrophobic cavities. The transport activities of these glycoconjugates were manipulated by altering the oligomericity of the macrocycles, as well as the length and number of attached tails. Hydrophobic tails of 3 different sizes were synthesized and coupled with each glucosamine scaffold through the amide linkage to obtain 18 derivatives. The ion-transport activity increased from di- to tetrameric glucosamine macrocycles, but decreased further when flexible pentameric glucosamine was introduced. The ion-transport activity also increased with increasing length of attached linkers. For a fixed length of linkers, the transport activity decreased when the number of such tails was reduced. All glycoconjugates displayed a uniform anion-selectivity sequence: Cl(-) >Br(-) >I(-) . From theoretical studies, hydrogen bonding between the macrocycle backbone and the anion bridged through water molecules was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra (India), Fax: (+91) 20-25899790
| | - Tanmoy Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra (India), Fax: (+91) 20-25899790
| | - Marina L Gening
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia), Fax: (+7) 499-1358784
| | - Denis V Titov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia), Fax: (+7) 499-1358784
| | - Alexey G Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia), Fax: (+7) 499-1358784
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia), Fax: (+7) 499-1358784
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia), Fax: (+7) 499-1358784.
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra (India), Fax: (+91) 20-25899790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorio Crini
- Faculté Sciences & Techniques, UMR Chrono-environnement 6249, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
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Brizuela AB, Castillo MV, Raschi AB, Davies L, Romano E, Brandán SA. A complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of sucrose in aqueous medium based on the SQM methodology and SCRF calculations. Carbohydr Res 2014; 388:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Saha T, Roy A, Gening ML, Titov DV, Gerbst AG, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE, Talukdar P. Cyclo-oligo-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucosamine based artificial channels for tunable transmembrane ion transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5514-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jiang L, Yan Y, Huang J. Versatility of cyclodextrins in self-assembly systems of amphiphiles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 169:13-25. [PMID: 21839422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cyclodextrins (CDs) were found to play important yet complicated (or even apparently opposite sometimes) roles in self-assembly systems of amphiphiles or surfactants. Herein, we try to review and clarify the versatility of CDs in surfactant assembly systems by 1) classifying the roles played by CDs into two groups (modulator and building unit) and four subgroups (destructive and constructive modulators, amphiphilic and unamphiphilic building units), 2) comparing these subgroups, and 3) analyzing mechanisms. As a modulator, although CDs by themselves do not participate into the final surfactant aggregates, they can greatly affect the aggregates in two ways. In most cases CDs will destroy the aggregates by depleting surfactant molecules from the aggregates (destructive), or in certain cases CDs can promote the aggregates to grow by selectively removing the less-aggregatable surfactant molecules from the aggregates (constructive). As an amphiphilic building unit, CDs can be chemically (by chemical bonds) or physically (by host-guest interaction) attached to a hydrophobic moiety, and the resultant compounds act as classic amphiphiles. As an unamphiphilic building unit, CD/surfactant complexes or even CDs on their own can assemble into aggregates in an unconventional, unamphiphilic manner driven by CD-CD H-bonds. Moreover, special emphasis is put on two recently appeared aspects: the constructive modulator and unamphiphilic building unit.
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Watanabe H, Nishimoto T, Sonoda T, Kubota M, Chaen H, Fukuda S. An enzymatically produced novel cyclomaltopentaose cyclized from amylose by an α-(1→6)-linkage, cyclo-{→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→}. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:957-63. [PMID: 16545346 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain AM7, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus circulans, produced two kinds of novel cyclic oligosaccharides. The cyclic oligosaccharides were produced from amylose using a culture supernatant of the strain as the enzyme preparation. The major product was a cyclomaltopentaose cyclized by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}. The other minor product was cyclomaltohexaose cyclized by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}. We propose the names isocyclomaltopentaose (ICG5) and isocyclomaltohexaose (ICG6) for these novel cyclic maltooligosaccharides having one alpha-(1-->6)-linkage. ICG5 was digested by alpha-amylase derived from Aspergillus oryzae, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus, and maltogenic alpha-amylase. On the other hand, ICG6 was digested by CGTase from B. stearothermophilus and B. circulans, and maltogenic alpha-amylase. This is the first report of enzymatically produced cyclomaltopentaose and cyclomaltohexaose, which have an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage in their molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Watanabe
- Amase Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., 7-7 Amase minami-machi, Okayama 700-0834, Japan.
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Lichtenthaler FW, Immel S. Molecular Modelling of Saccharides, 9!! On the Hydrophobic Characteristics of Cyclodextrins: Computer-Aided Visualization of Molecular Lipophilicity Patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Immel S, Lichtenthaler FW. Molecular Modelling of Saccharides, 10 Studies on Ketoses, 12 The Electrostatic and Lipophilic Potential Profiles of α-Cyclofructin: Computation, Visualization and Conclusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bertau M, Jörg G. Saccharides as efficacious solubilisers for highly lipophilic compounds in aqueous media. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2973-83. [PMID: 15142556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of lipophilic substrates is critical for biotransformations with isolated enzymes as well as with whole cells. With the example of a series of lipophilic ketones the suitability of saccharides as potent solubilisers for highly lipophilic substrates was demonstrated. Best results were obtained for d-glucose, which increased substrate solubility up to 50 times. In whole-cell biocatalysis the sugar acts both as solubiliser and as carbon source for which reason this procedure does not impair cell physiology and is unique in being environmentally benign. The capability of saccharides to solubilise lipophilic compounds in aqueous media sources from their ability to form hydrophilic and lipophilic domains at hydrophobic interfaces, thus forming cyclodextrin-like structures around the lipophilic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bertau
- Institute of Biochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Engeldinger E, Poorters L, Armspach D, Matt D, Toupet L. Diastereospecific synthesis of phosphinidene-capped cyclodextrins leading to “introverted” ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:634-5. [PMID: 15010755 DOI: 10.1039/b315802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) containing "PPh" units which cap the primary face of the CD were obtained in high yield by reaction of Li(2)PPh with A,B- or A,C-dimesylated and A,B,D,E-tetramesylated precursors; the resulting phosphines are diastereomerically pure and constitute valuable precursors for the synthesis of metallo-cavitands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engeldinger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, UMR 7513, Université Louis Pasteur, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg cedex, France
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Nakagawa T, Immel S, Lichtenthaler FW, Lindner HJ. Topography of the 1:1 alpha-cyclodextrin-nitromethane inclusion complex. Carbohydr Res 2000; 324:141-6. [PMID: 10702881 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) in 9:1 water-nitromethane smoothly generates the title compound, which crystallizes as the pentahydrate in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 9.452(4), b = 14.299(3), c = 37.380(10) A, and Z = 4. Its crystal structure analysis revealed the alpha-CD macrocycle in an unstrained conformation stabilized through a ring of O-2...O-3' hydrogen bonds between five of the six adjacent glucose residues. The nitromethane is located in the alpha-CD cavity in an orientation parallel to the plane of the macrocycle, and assumes two sites of equal population with the nitro group in excessive thermal motion; the guest is held by van der Waals contacts and C-H...O-type hydrogen bonds to the pyranose H-3 and H-5 protons. The packing of the macrocycles in the crystal lattice is of cage herringbone-type with an extensive intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding network. The ready formation of a nitromethane inclusion complex in aqueous nitromethane, and the subtleties of its molecular structure amply demonstrate the ease with which water is expelled from the alpha-CD cavity by a more hydrophobic co-solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakagawa
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
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Structure of guest-host complexes of β-cyclodextrin with arenes: a quantum-chemical study. Russ Chem Bull 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02494735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Immel S, Schmitt GE, Lichtenthaler FW. Cyclofructins with six to ten beta-(1-->2)-linked fructofuranose units: geometries, electrostatic profiles, lipophilicity patterns, and potential for inclusion complexation. Carbohydr Res 1998; 313:91-105. [PMID: 9880905 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclofructins composed of six (1, "CF6") to ten (5, "CF10") beta-(1-->2)-linked fructofuranose units were subjected to conformational analysis using Monte Carlo simulations based on the PIMM91 force-field. Breaking the molecular symmetry partially by alternating inclination of the spiro-type anellated fructofuranoses relative to the crown ether ring core, i.e. the 3-OH groups pointing either towards or away from the molecular center, substantially lowers the strain energy of the cyclofructins. The global energy-minimum geometries of CF6, CF8, and CF10 exhibit Cn/2 rotational symmetry, whilst the odd-membered macrocycles in CF7 and CF9 adopt C1 symmetry. Identical conformations of the solid-state geometry of CF6 (1) and its computer-generated form manifest the reliability of the computational analysis. The molecular surfaces calculated for the energy-minimum structures establish a disk-type shape for CF6 (1), CF7 (2), and CF8 (3), whereas further ring enlargement to CF9 (4) and CF10 (5) leads to torus-shaped molecules with through-going cavities. Color-coded projection of the molecular lipophilicity patterns (MLPs) and the electrostatic potential profiles (MEPs) onto these surfaces cogently displays the crown ether-like properties, favoring the complexation of metal cations via strong electrostatic interactions through the 3-OH groups located on the hydrophilic molecular side. The central cavities of CF9 and CF10 are characterized not only by significantly enhanced hydrophobicity, but also by highly negative electrostatic potentials around the narrow aperture of the tori made up by the 3-OH/4-OH groups, and positive potentials on the opposite rim. Accordingly, CF9 and CF10 are capable to form inclusion complexes, the cavity of the latter being approximately as large as the one of alpha-cyclodextrin. Calculation of the inclusion complex geometries of CF9 with beta-alanine and of CF10 with p-aminobenzoic acid revealed the guest to be deeply incorporated into the respective cavities, masking the guest's hydrophobic parts. Analysis of the electrostatic interactions at the interface of the zwitter-ionic guests with the oppositely polarized hosts predicts a high degree of regiospecificity for complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Immel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
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Khan AR, Forgo P, Stine KJ, D'Souza VT. Methods for Selective Modifications of Cyclodextrins. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1977-1996. [PMID: 11848955 DOI: 10.1021/cr970012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rauf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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Lipkowitz KB. Applications of Computational Chemistry to the Study of Cyclodextrins. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1829-1874. [PMID: 11848951 DOI: 10.1021/cr9700179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny B. Lipkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
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Luzhkov V, Åqvist J. Computer Simulation of Phenyl Ester Cleavage by β-Cyclodextrin in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973799w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Luzhkov
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia, and Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 590, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia, and Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 590, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Pozsgay V, Dubois EP, Lotter H, Neszmélyi A. Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic study of cyclobis-(1 → 2)-α-d-glucopyranosyl peracetate. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lipkowitz KB, Pearl G, Coner B, Peterson MA. Explanation of Where and How Enantioselective Binding Takes Place on Permethylated β-Cyclodextrin, a Chiral Stationary Phase Used in Gas Chromatography. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny B. Lipkowitz
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University−Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
| | - Greg Pearl
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University−Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
| | - Bob Coner
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University−Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
| | - Michael A. Peterson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University−Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274
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Lichtenthaler FW, Immel S. The lipophilicity patterns of cyclodextrins and of non-glucose cyclooligosaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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