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Fernández-Cureses G, de Castro S, Jimeno ML, Balzarini J, Camarasa MJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of unconventional aminopyrimidine, aminopurine, and amino-1,3,5-triazine methyloxynucleosides. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:321-35. [PMID: 25420933 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe a class of unconventional nucleosides (methyloxynucleosides) that combine unconventional nucleobases such as substituted aminopyrimidines, aminopurines, or aminotriazines with unusual sugars in their structures. The allitollyl or altritollyl derivatives were pursued as ribonucleoside mimics, whereas the tetrahydrofuran analogues were pursued as their dideoxynucleoside analogues. The compounds showed poor, if any, activity against a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This inactivity may be due to lack of an efficient metabolic conversion into their corresponding 5'-triphosphates and poor affinity for their target enzymes (DNA/RNA polymerases). Several compounds showed cytostatic activity against proliferating human CD4(+) T-lymphocyte CEM cells and against several other tumor cell lines, including murine leukemia L1210 and human prostate PC3, kidney CAKI-1, and cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. A few compounds were inhibitory to Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in C3H/3T3 cell cultures, with the 2,6-diaminotri-O-benzyl-D-allitolyl- and -D-altritolyl pyrimidine analogues being the most potent among them. This series of unconventional nucleosides may represent a novel family of potential antiproliferative agents.
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Florence GJ, Morris JC, Murray RG, Vanga RR, Osler JD, Smith TK. Total synthesis, stereochemical assignment, and biological activity of chamuvarinin and structural analogues. Chemistry 2013; 19:8309-20. [PMID: 23630031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin has been completed in 1.5% overall yield over 20 steps. The key fragment coupling reactions were the addition of alkyne 8 to aldehyde 7 (under Felkin-Anh control), followed by the two step activation/cyclization to close the C20-C23 2,5-cis-substituted tetrahydrofuran ring and a Julia-Kocienski olefination at C8-C9 to introduce the terminal butenolide. The inherent flexibility of our coupling strategy led to a streamlined synthesis with 17 steps in the longest sequence (2.2% overall yield), in which the key bond couplings are reversed. In addition, a series of structural analogues of chamuvarinin have been prepared and screened for activity against HeLa cancer cell lines and both the bloodstream and insect forms of Trypanosoma brucei, the parasitic agent responsible for African sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Florence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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Araki L, Morita K, Yamaguchi M, Zhao ZY, Wilson TJ, Lilley DMJ, Harusawa S. Synthesis of Novel C4-Linked C2-Imidazole Ribonucleoside Phosphoramidite and Its Application to Probing the Catalytic Mechanism of a Ribozyme. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2350-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802556s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Araki
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Keiji Morita
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Maho Yamaguchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Zheng-yun Zhao
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Timothy J. Wilson
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - David M. J. Lilley
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Shinya Harusawa
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
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Abstract
Systematic synthesis of mono- and bis-THF ring cores, synthetic intermediates of antitumor annonaceous acetogenins, has been achieved by asymmetric alkynylation and subsequent stereodivergent THF ring formation as key steps. The asymmetric alkynylation of alpha-oxyaldehyde and alpha-tetrahydrofuranic aldehyde with (S)-3-butyne-1,2-diol derivatives gave good yield with very high diastereoselectivity. These adducts were converted into mono- and bis-THF cores via two kinds of one-pot THF ring formation, respectively. In addition, the total synthesis of murisolin, which shows cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines with potency from 10(5) to 10(6) times that of adriamycin, was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suite, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Arndt S, Emde U, Bäurle S, Friedrich T, Grubert L, Koert U. Quinone-annonaceous acetogenins: synthesis and complex I inhibition studies of a new class of natural product hybrids. Chemistry 2001; 7:993-1005. [PMID: 11303880 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010302)7:5<993::aid-chem993>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The natural product hybrids quinone-mucocin and quinone- squamocin D were synthesized. In these hybrids, the butenolide unit of the annonaceous acetogenins mucocin and squamocin D is exchanged for the quinone moiety of the natural complex I substrate ubiquinone. For both syntheses, a modular, highly convergent approach was applied. Quinone-mucocin was constructed out of a tetrahydropyran (THP) component 1, a tetrahydrofuran (THF) unit 2, and a quinone precursor 3. A stereoselective, organometallic coupling reaction was chosen for the addition of the THP unit to the rest of the molecule. In the final step, the oxidation to the free quinone was achieved by using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the oxidizing agent. Quinone-squamocin D was assembled in a similar manner, from the chiral side chain bromide 16, the central bis-THF core 17, and the quinone precursor 18. Inhibition of complex I (isolated from bovine heart mitochondria) by the quinone acetogenins and several smaller building blocks was examined; quinone mucocin and quinone-squamocin D act as strong inhibitors of complex I. These results and the data from the smaller substructures indicate that other substructures of the acetogenins besides the butenolide group, such as the polyether component and the lipophilic left-hand side chain, are necessary for the strong binding of the acetogenins to complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arndt
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Paquette LA, Tae J, Hickey ER, Trego WE, Rogers RD. Preorganized ligand arrays based on spirotetrahydrofuranyl motifs. Synthesis of the stereoisomeric 1,8,14-trioxatrispiro[4.1.4.1.4. 1]octadecanes and the contrasting conformational features and ionic binding capacities of these belted ionophores. J Org Chem 2000; 65:9160-71. [PMID: 11149865 DOI: 10.1021/jo001430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cis,trans trispiro ether 4 is accessible from several synthetic directions as a consequence of a crossover in reaction selectivity when proceeding from nucleophilic attack on the cis dispiro ketone to oxygenation of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ester 17. Its cis,cis isomer 3 was obtained in 17 steps and 14.6% overall yield from 3, 5-dimethoxybenzoic acid by making use of the alicyclic side chain in N as a "conformational lock". Although 4 shows no measurable tendency to complex with alkali metal ions, 3 binds strongly to Li(+) and Na(+) ions, as well as to CH(3)NH(3)(+). Whereas the 3eq conformation is populated in the solid state and in solution, complex formation occurs readily. (13)C NMR studies have defined slow exchange limits as the 2:1 sandwich complex with lithium ion is initially formed and transformed progressively into a 1:1 species upon the addition of more LiClO(4). Only the 2:1 complex with sodium ion is formed during comparable titration with NaClO(4). Association constants, molecular mechanics calculations, and X-ray crystallographic studies provide insight into the binding capacity of this belted tridentate ionophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Paquette LA, Ohmori N, Lowinger TB, Rogers RD. Vicinal tetrahydrofuranyl substitution of alkyl chains. Tetra-, penta-, and hexafunctionalized arrays. J Org Chem 2000; 65:4303-8. [PMID: 10891130 DOI: 10.1021/jo0001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrakis (tetrahydrofuranyl) dialdehydes 14 and 19 are accessible by oxidative cleavage of extensively substituted cyclohexenes, which have in turn been assembled in a stereocontrolled manner. Reaction of 14 with an excess of the Normant reagent followed by ring closure resulted in conversion to the hexafunctionalized polyether 15. Allylindation of the same dialdehyde gave rise to lactol 16, a reactivity pattern that was essentially duplicated when 19 was treated with the Normant reagent. Attempts to add allylmagnesium bromide to 19 resulted in operation of a Tishchenko reaction with formation of lactone 23. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, it was possible to ascertain the conformation adopted by 20 and 23 in the solid state. In addition, 15 was shown to populate a conformation in which the oxygen are very predominantly in gauche arrangements, this structural preorganization taking place in the absence of any metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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