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Menolfi D, Lee BJ, Zhang H, Jiang W, Bowen NE, Wang Y, Zhao J, Holmes A, Gershik S, Rabadan R, Kim B, Zha S. ATR kinase supports normal proliferation in the early S phase by preventing replication resource exhaustion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3618. [PMID: 37336885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that ATR is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication and dNTP levels can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by suppressing origin firing, such as partial inhibition of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and importantly also other replication factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demis Menolfi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian J Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wenxia Jiang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicole E Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yunyue Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Antony Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven Gershik
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irvine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
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Menolfi D, Lee BJ, Zhang H, Jiang W, Bowen NE, Wang Y, Zhao J, Holmes A, Gershik S, Rabadan R, Kim B, Zha S. ATR kinase supports normal proliferation in the early S phase by preventing replication resource exhaustion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542515. [PMID: 37292881 PMCID: PMC10246007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that ATR is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently in early S phase, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by pathways that suppress origin firing, such as downregulation of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and other replication factors.
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Ahmed S, Alam W, Aschner M, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Saso L, Khan H. Natural products targeting the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113797. [PMID: 36271573 PMCID: PMC9590097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most severe medical conditions in the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are critical for treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer requires novel efficacious treatment modalities. Natural remedies offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to available synthetic medication. Selective killing of cancer cells is privileged mainstream in cancer treatment, and targeted therapy represents the new tool with the potential to pursue this aim. The discovery of innovative therapies targeting essential components of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related Checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1)has offered a possibility of significant therapeutic improvement in oncology. The activation and inhibition of this pathway account for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity, respectively. Targeting this pathway can also aid to overcome the resistance of conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. This review enlightens the anticancer role of natural products by ATR-CHK1 activation and inhibition. Additionally, these compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in natural products targeting ATR-CHK1 and their potential efficacy and safety as cancer lessening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer"Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Manolakou T, Nikolopoulos D, Gkikas D, Filia A, Samiotaki M, Stamatakis G, Fanouriakis A, Politis P, Banos A, Alissafi T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. ATR-mediated DNA damage responses underlie aberrant B cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5840. [PMID: 36306362 PMCID: PMC9616496 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
B cells orchestrate autoimmune responses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but broad-based B cell-directed therapies show only modest efficacy while blunting humoral immune responses to vaccines and inducing immunosuppression. Development of more effective therapies targeting pathogenic clones is a currently unmet need. Here, we demonstrate enhanced activation of the ATR/Chk1 pathway of the DNA damage response (DDR) in B cells of patients with active SLE disease. Treatment of B cells with type I IFN, a key driver of immunity in SLE, induced expression of ATR via binding of interferon regulatory factor 1 to its gene promoter. Pharmacologic targeting of ATR in B cells, via a specific inhibitor (VE-822), attenuated their immunogenic profile, including proinflammatory cytokine secretion, plasmablast formation, and antibody production. Together, these findings identify the ATR-mediated DDR axis as the orchestrator of the type I IFN-mediated B cell responses in SLE and as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (P.V.); (D.T.B.)
| | - Dionysis Nikolopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filia
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Attica, Greece
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM) School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Attica, Greece
- Centre of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine (CNBPM) School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Themis Alissafi
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (P.V.); (D.T.B.)
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (P.V.); (D.T.B.)
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Li W, Zhou S, Jia M, Li X, Li L, Wang Q, Qi Z, Zhou P, Li Y, Wang Z. Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010099. [PMID: 35054492 PMCID: PMC8778477 DOI: 10.3390/life12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate dose assessment within 1 day or even 12 h after exposure through current methods of dose estimation remains a challenge, in response to a large number of casualties caused by nuclear or radiation accidents. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of screened DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 were stable in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2–24 h after irradiation. They are early indicators for medical treatment in acute radiation injury. Their effective combination could achieve a more accurate dose assessment for large-scale wounded patients within 24 h post exposure. The effective combination of p53-related genes DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 is a novel biodosimetry for a large number of people exposed to acute nuclear accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Shixiang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Lin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-10-66930294 (Y.L.); +86-10-66930248 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (S.Z.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.Q.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-10-66930294 (Y.L.); +86-10-66930248 (Z.W.)
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