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Liu X, Zheng Y, Meng Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xue D. Gene Regulation of Neutrophils Mediated Liver and Lung Injury through NETosis in Acute Pancreatitis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02071-w. [PMID: 38884700 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies, often resulting in self-digestion, edema, hemorrhage, and even necrosis of pancreatic tissue. When AP progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), it often causes multi-organ damage, leading to a high mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-mediated organ damage remain unclear. This study aims to systematically mine SAP data from public databases and combine experimental validation to identify key molecules involved in multi-organ damage caused by SAP. Retrieve transcriptomic data of mice pancreatic tissue for AP, lung and liver tissue for SAP, and corresponding normal tissue from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Conduct gene differential analysis using Limma and DEseq2 methods. Perform enrichment analysis using the clusterProfiler package in R software. Score immune cells and immune status in various organs using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Evaluate mRNA expression levels of core genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Validate serum amylase, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in peripheral blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and detect the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mice pancreatic, liver, and lung tissues using immunofluorescence. Differential analysis reveals that 46 genes exhibit expression dysregulation in mice pancreatic tissue for AP, liver and lung tissue for SAP, as well as peripheral blood in humans. Functional enrichment analysis indicates that these genes are primarily associated with neutrophil-related biological processes. ROC curve analysis indicates that 12 neutrophil-related genes have diagnostic potential for SAP. Immune infiltration analysis reveals high neutrophil infiltration in various organs affected by SAP. Single-cell sequencing analysis shows that these genes are predominantly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages. FPR1, ITGAM, and C5AR1 are identified as key genes involved in the formation of NETs and activation of neutrophils. qPCR and IHC results demonstrate upregulation of FPR1, ITGAM, and C5AR1 expression in pancreatic, liver, and lung tissues of mice with SAP. Immunofluorescence staining shows increased levels of neutrophils and NETs in SAP mice. Inhibition of NETs formation can alleviate the severity of SAP as well as the levels of inflammation in the liver and lung tissues. This study identified key genes involved in the formation of NETs, namely FPR1, ITGAM, and C5AR1, which are upregulated during multi-organ damage in SAP. Inhibition of NETs release effectively reduces the systemic inflammatory response and liver-lung damage in SAP. This research provides new therapeutic targets for the multi-organ damage associated with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziang Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Heming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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2
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Han S, Yang S, Chang Z, Wang Y. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated protein in cerebrospinal fluid for prognosis evaluation of adult bacterial meningitis: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:534. [PMID: 38802752 PMCID: PMC11129486 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Central nervous system infections, typified by bacterial meningitis, stand as pivotal emergencies recurrently confronted by neurologists. Timely and precise diagnosis constitutes the cornerstone for efficacious intervention. The present study endeavors to scrutinize the influence of inflammatory protein levels associated with neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid on the prognosis of central nervous system infectious maladies. METHODS This retrospective case series study was undertaken at the Neurology Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, encompassing patients diagnosed with infectious encephalitis as confirmed by PCR testing and other diagnostic modalities spanning from January 2018 to January 2024. The quantification of MPO and pertinent inflammatory proteins within patients' cerebrospinal fluid was accomplished through the utilization of ELISA. RESULTS We enlisted 25 patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, ascertained through PCR testing, and stratified them into two groups: those with favorable prognoses (n = 25) and those with unfavorable prognoses (n = 25). Following assessments for normality and variance, notable disparities in CSF-MPO concentrations emerged between the prognostic categories of bacterial meningitis patients (P < 0.0001). Additionally, scrutiny of demographic data in both favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups unveiled distinctions in CSF-IL-1β, CSF-IL-6, CSF-IL-8, CSF-IL-18, CSF-TNF-α levels, with correlation analyses revealing robust associations with MPO. ROC curve analyses delineated that when CSF-MPO ≥ 16.57 ng/mL, there exists an 83% likelihood of an adverse prognosis for bacterial meningitis. Similarly, when CSF-IL-1β, CSF-IL-6, CSF-IL-8, CSF-IL-18, and CSF-TNF-α levels attain 3.83pg/mL, 123.92pg/mL, 4230.62pg/mL, 35.55pg/mL, and 35.19pg/mL, respectively, there exists an 83% probability of an unfavorable prognosis for bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSION The detection of neutrophil extracellular traps MPO and associated inflammatory protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid samples holds promise in prognosticating bacterial meningitis, thereby assuming paramount significance in the prognostic evaluation of patients afflicted with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Suge Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Zhongzheng Chang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology?Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
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Kim TS, Moutsopoulos NM. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in oral health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1055-1065. [PMID: 38689085 PMCID: PMC11148164 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils perform essential functions in antimicrobial defense and tissue maintenance at mucosal barriers. However, a dysregulated neutrophil response and, in particular, the excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathology of various diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic concepts related to neutrophil functions, including NET formation, and discuss the mechanisms associated with NET activation and function in the context of the prevalent oral disease periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Mizuno T, Nagano F, Takahashi K, Yamada S, Fruhashi K, Maruyama S, Tsuboi N. Macrophage-1 antigen exacerbates histone-induced acute lung injury and promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:574-583. [PMID: 38360057 PMCID: PMC10988669 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs in association with sepsis, trauma, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a serious clinical condition with high mortality. Excessive platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release and thrombosis, which are involved in various diseases, including ALI. Macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18), which is expressed on the surface of leukocytes, is known to promote NET formation. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Mac-1 in extracellular histone-induced ALI. Exogenous histones were administered to Mac-1-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) mice with or without neutrophil or platelet depletion, and several parameters were investigated 1 h after histone injection. Depletion of neutrophils or platelets improved survival time and macroscopic and microscopic properties of lung tissues, and decreased platelet-leukocyte formation and plasma myeloperoxidase levels. These improvements were also observed in Mac-1-/- mice. NET formation in Mac-1-/- bone marrow neutrophils (BMNs) was significantly lower than that in WT BMNs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Mac-1 is associated with exacerbation of histone-induced ALI and the promotion of NET formation in the presence of activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and InformaticsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Fumihiko Nagano
- Department of NephrologyNagoya University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular SciencesFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and InformaticsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | | | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of NephrologyNagoya University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of NephrologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
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Lima-Gomes PDS, do Nascimento MTC, Nadaes NR, de Campos SG, Tavares Haido RM, Danelli MDG, Pinto-da-Silva LH, Saraiva EM. Chick heterophils release DNA extracellular traps (DETs) in vitro and in vivo upon Aspergillus fumigatus conidia exposure. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105261. [PMID: 37984735 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a common fungal disease in avian species, causing high mortality in young chicks in agricultural farms and yards. It is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillosis occurs by inhalation of fungal conidia, and in chickens, effective infection control relies on a rapid and large influx of heterophils to the lungs. Heterophils, upon different stimuli, release to the extracellular milieu their chromatin associated with several proteins that ensnare and kill different pathogens similarly to neutrophil extracellular traps. Here, we showed that Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and the peptidogalactomannan (PGM), isolated from the fungus cell wall, induce the release of DNA extracellular traps (DETs) in chicks' blood and lung heterophils. We demonstrated that reactive oxygen species, elastase and peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) were involved in DETs extrusion, the occurrence of DETs in the lungs of A. fumigatus-exposed chicks in vivo, and its role in chick survival. These results may contribute to developing more efficient tools for the therapeutic and diagnosis of aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipe de Souza Lima-Gomes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Tanny Cunha do Nascimento
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Rocha Nadaes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gaspar de Campos
- Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Tavares Haido
- Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Danelli
- Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Pinto-da-Silva
- Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elvira M Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Klaus T, Hieber C, Bros M, Grabbe S. Integrins in Health and Disease-Suitable Targets for Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 38334604 PMCID: PMC10854705 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors are heterodimeric surface receptors that play multiple roles regarding cell-cell communication, signaling, and migration. The four members of the β2 integrin subfamily are composed of an alternative α (CD11a-d) subunit, which determines the specific receptor properties, and a constant β (CD18) subunit. This review aims to present insight into the multiple immunological roles of integrin receptors, with a focus on β2 integrins that are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The pathophysiological role of β2 integrins is confirmed by the drastic phenotype of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, most often resulting in severe recurrent infections and, at the same time, a predisposition for autoimmune diseases. So far, studies on the role of β2 integrins in vivo employed mice with a constitutive knockout of all β2 integrins or either family member, respectively, which complicated the differentiation between the direct and indirect effects of β2 integrin deficiency for distinct cell types. The recent generation and characterization of transgenic mice with a cell-type-specific knockdown of β2 integrins by our group has enabled the dissection of cell-specific roles of β2 integrins. Further, integrin receptors have been recognized as target receptors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as tumor therapy. However, whereas both agonistic and antagonistic agents yielded beneficial effects in animal models, the success of clinical trials was limited in most cases and was associated with unwanted side effects. This unfavorable outcome is most probably related to the systemic effects of the used compounds on all leukocytes, thereby emphasizing the need to develop formulations that target distinct types of leukocytes to modulate β2 integrin activity for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.K.); (C.H.); (M.B.)
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7
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Earle K, Valero C, Conn DP, Vere G, Cook PC, Bromley MJ, Bowyer P, Gago S. Pathogenicity and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Virulence 2023; 14:2172264. [PMID: 36752587 PMCID: PMC10732619 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2172264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by the mould pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Compromised lung defences arising from immunosuppression, chronic respiratory conditions or more recently, concomitant viral or bacterial pulmonary infections are recognised risks factors for the development of pulmonary aspergillosis. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge of the mechanistic basis of pulmonary aspergillosis with a focus on emerging at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Earle
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clara Valero
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel P. Conn
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - George Vere
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter C. Cook
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Gago
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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8
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Cristol JP, Thierry AR, Bargnoux AS, Morena-Carrere M, Canaud B. What is the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps in the cardiovascular disease burden associated with hemodialysis bioincompatibility? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1268748. [PMID: 38034546 PMCID: PMC10684960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1268748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in dialysis modalities, intermittent renal replacement therapy remains an "unphysiological" treatment that imperfectly corrects uremic disorders and may lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, neutrophil activation, and oxidative stress due to repetitive blood/membrane interactions contributing to the "remaining uremic syndrome" and cardiovascular disease burden of hemodialysis patients. Understanding dialysis bioincompatibility pathways still remains a clinical and biochemical challenge. Indeed, surrogate biomarkers of inflammation including C-reactive protein could not discriminate between all components involved in these complex pathways. A few examples may serve to illustrate the case. Cytokine release during dialysis sessions may be underestimated due to their removal using high-flux dialysis or hemodiafiltration modalities. Complement activation is recognized as a key event of bioincompatibility. However, it appears as an early and transient event with anaphylatoxin level normalization at the end of the dialysis session. Complement activation is generally assumed to trigger leukocyte stimulation leading to proinflammatory mediators' secretion and oxidative burst. In addition to being part of the innate immune response involved in eliminating physically and enzymatically microbes, the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), known as NETosis, has been recently identified as a major harmful component in a wide range of pathologies associated with inflammatory processes. NETs result from the neutrophil degranulation induced by reactive oxygen species overproduction via NADPH oxidase and consist of modified chromatin decorated with serine proteases, elastase, bactericidal proteins, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) that produces hypochlorite anion. Currently, NETosis remains poorly investigated as a sensitive and integrated marker of bioincompatibility in dialysis. Only scarce data could be found in the literature. Oxidative burst and NADPH oxidase activation are well-known events in the bioincompatibility phenomenon. NET byproducts such as elastase, MPO, and circulating DNA have been reported to be increased in dialysis patients more specifically during dialysis sessions, and were identified as predictors of poor outcomes. As NETs and MPO could be taken up by endothelium, NETs could be considered as a vascular memory of intermittent bioincompatibility phenomenon. In this working hypothesis article, we summarized the puzzle pieces showing the involvement of NET formation during hemodialysis and postulated that NETosis may act as a disease modifier and may contribute to the comorbid burden associated with dialysis bioincompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Charles Mion Foundation, AIDER-Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain R. Thierry
- Research Institute of Cancerology of Montpellier, INSERM, IRCM, ICM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bargnoux
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Morena-Carrere
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Canaud
- School of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- MTX Consulting Int., Montpellier, France
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9
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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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10
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Freitas MS, Bitencourt TA, Rezende CP, Martins NS, Dourado TDMH, Tirapelli CR, Almeida F. Aspergillus fumigatus Extracellular Vesicles Display Increased Galleria mellonella Survival but Partial Pro-Inflammatory Response by Macrophages. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050541. [PMID: 37233252 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intra- and interspecies communication and are critical in host-fungus interaction, modulating inflammation and immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of Aspergillus fumigatus EVs over innate leukocytes. A. fumigatus EVs induced a partial proinflammatory response by macrophages, characterized by increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and increased gene expression of induced nitric oxide synthase and adhesion molecules. EVs induce neither NETosis in human neutrophils nor cytokine secretion by peripheral mononuclear cells. However, prior inoculation of A. fumigatus EVs in Galleria mellonella larvae resulted in increased survival after the fungal challenge. Taken together, these findings show that A. fumigatus EVs play a role in protection against fungal infection, although they induce a partial pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Silveira Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamires Aparecida Bitencourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Patini Rezende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nubia Sabrina Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
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11
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de Carvalho Oliveira V, Tatsiy O, McDonald PP. Phosphoinositol 3-kinase-driven NET formation involves different isoforms and signaling partners depending on the stimulus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1042686. [PMID: 36761736 PMCID: PMC9904237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1042686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serve to immobilize and kill pathogens, but also can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, as well as cancer. Whence the importance of elucidating the mechanisms underlying NET formation. In this regard, the PI3K signaling pathway has been shown to be crucial; yet little is known about which of its components are involved. Here, we identified the PI3K isoforms and associated signaling partners that are mobilized in response to different classes of physiological NET inducers (inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, chemoattractants). NET generation was assessed by microscopy and signalling molecule activation by immunoblot using phospho-antibodies. Across the various stimuli, PI3Kα and PI3Kγ isoforms clearly contributed to NET induction, while the participation of other isoforms was stimulus-dependent. Some PI3K isoforms were also found to signal through Akt, the canonical downstream effector of PI3K, while others did not. Downstream of PI3K, mTOR and PLCγ2 were used by all stimuli to control NET generation. Conversely, the involvement of other kinases depended on the stimulus - both TNFα and GM-CSF relied on PDK1 and Akt; and both TNFα and fMLP additionally used S6K. We further established that all PI3K isoforms and downstream effectors act belatedly in NET generation, as reported previously for PI3K. Finally, we revisited the PI3K-PDK1-Akt signaling hierarchy in human neutrophils and again found stimulus-dependent differences. Our data uncover unsuspected complexity and redundancy in the signaling machinery controlling NET formation through the all-important PI3K pathway. Conserved signaling molecules represent therapeutic targets for pathologies involving NETs and in this regard, the existence of drugs currently used in the clinic or undergoing clinical trials (which target PI3K isoforms, mTOR or Akt), underscores the translational potential of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Carvalho Oliveira
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrook and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Tatsiy
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrook and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrook and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Patrick P. McDonald,
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12
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de Jesus Gonzalez-Contreras F, Zarate X. Neutrophil extracellular traps: Modulation mechanisms by pathogens. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104640. [PMID: 36413806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, as innate effector cells, play an essential role in the containment and elimination of pathogens. Among the main neutrophil mechanisms use for these processes is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of decondensed DNA decorated with various cytoplasmic proteins. NETs' principal role is the trapping and elimination of infectious agents; therefore, the formation of NETs is regulated by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses through different mechanisms: the presence of virulence factors (adhered or secreted), microbial load, size of the microorganism, and even due to other immune cells activation (mainly platelets). This review summarizes the significant aspects that contribute to NETs modulation by pathogens and their components, and the effect NETs have on these pathogens as a cellular defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
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13
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Chen H, Wei L, Luo M, Wang X, Zhu C, Huang H, Liu X, Lu H, Zhong Y. LINC00324 suppresses apoptosis and autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through upregulation of PAD4 and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:995-1011. [PMID: 34322788 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has high incidence in Southern China and is derived from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. Accumulating evidence has revealed that peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) exerts carcinogenic effect on certain cancers. We designed this study to probe the specific role that PAD4 plays in NPC and its molecular mechanism. METHODS PAD4 expression in NPC cells was detected by RT-qPCR analysis. MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and LC3-II punctuation experiments were done to probe into the biological functions of PAD4 on NPC cellular behaviors in vitro. Subsequently, the upstream regulatory mechanism of PAD4 was investigated by luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays. The impact of PAD4 on NPC tumor growth in mice was assessed by in vivo xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS PAD4 was upregulated in NPC cells. PAD4 knockdown suppressed proliferative ability and promoted apoptosis and autophagy in NPC cells. Additionally, PAD4 expression was negatively regulated by microRNA 3164 (miR-3164). LINC00324 positively upregulated PAD4 expression by interacting with miR-3164 and recruiting HuR protein. The LINC00324/miR-3164/PAD4 axis modulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NPC cells. Moreover, PAD4 upregulation countervailed the influences of LINC00324 deficiency on NPC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy and on NPC tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSION LINC00324 promoted NPC malignancy by upregulation of PAD4 to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lining Wei
- Department of Endoscopy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaohua Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huixian Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Heming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yahua Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
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14
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Thompson-Souza GA, Vasconcelos CRI, Neves JS. Eosinophils: Focus on DNA extracellular traps. Life Sci 2022; 311:121191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Ngo ATP, Gollomp K. Building a better
NET
: Neutrophil extracellular trap targeted therapeutics in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. P. Ngo
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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16
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Liang C, Lian N, Li M. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900895. [PMID: 36034717 PMCID: PMC9411525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are global public health problems and can lead to substantial human morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal therapy is not satisfactory, especially for invasive, life-threatening fungal infections. Modulating the antifungal capacity of the host immune system is a feasible way to combat fungal infections. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system that resist fungal pathogens by releasing reticular extracellular structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). When compared with phagocytosis and oxidative burst, NETs show better capability in terms of trapping large pathogens, such as fungi. This review will summarize interactions between fungal pathogens and NETs. Molecular mechanisms of fungi-induced NETs formation and defensive strategies used by fungi are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Li,
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17
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A Fun-Guide to Innate Immune Responses to Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080805. [PMID: 36012793 PMCID: PMC9409918 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of developing severe fungal infections with high mortality rates, while fungal pathogens pose little risk to most healthy people. Poor therapeutic outcomes and growing antifungal resistance pose further challenges for treatments. Identifying specific immunomodulatory mechanisms exploited by fungal pathogens is critical for our understanding of fungal diseases and development of new therapies. A gap currently exists between the large body of literature concerning the innate immune response to fungal infections and the potential manipulation of host immune responses to aid clearance of infection. This review considers the innate immune mechanisms the host deploys to prevent fungal infection and how these mechanisms fail in immunocompromised hosts. Three clinically relevant fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus spp. and Aspergillus spp.) will be explored. This review will also examine potential mechanisms of targeting the host therapeutically to improve outcomes of fungal infection.
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18
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Wang G, Wang J, Niu C, Zhao Y, Wu P. Neutrophils: New Critical Regulators of Glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927233. [PMID: 35860278 PMCID: PMC9289230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, neutrophils are an important part of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Previous studies have shown that circulating and infiltrating neutrophils are associated with malignant progression and immunosuppression in gliomas. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils have an antitumour effect. In this review, we focus on the functional roles of neutrophils in the circulation and tumour sites in patients with glioma. The mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment, immunosuppression and the differentiation of neutrophils are discussed. Finally, the potential of neutrophils as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets is highlighted. This review can help us gain a deeper and systematic understanding of the role of neutrophils, and provide new insights for treatment in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Wu, ; Yan Zhao, ; Chaoshi Niu,
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Wu, ; Yan Zhao, ; Chaoshi Niu,
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Wu, ; Yan Zhao, ; Chaoshi Niu,
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19
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Chen F, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu Z, Lv J, Leng Y. The emerging role of neutrophilic extracellular traps in intestinal disease. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35733158 PMCID: PMC9214684 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular reticular fibrillar structures composed of DNA, histones, granulins and cytoplasmic proteins that are delivered externally by neutrophils in response to stimulation with various types of microorganisms, cytokines and host molecules, etc. NET formation has been extensively demonstrated to trap, immobilize, inactivate and kill invading microorganisms and acts as a form of innate response against pathogenic invasion. However, NETs are a double-edged sword. In the event of imbalance between NET formation and clearance, excessive NETs not only directly inflict tissue lesions, but also recruit pro-inflammatory cells or proteins that promote the release of inflammatory factors and magnify the inflammatory response further, driving the progression of many human diseases. The deleterious effects of excessive release of NETs on gut diseases are particularly crucial as NETs are more likely to be disrupted by neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal epithelium during intestinal disorders, leading to intestinal injury, and in addition, NETs and their relevant molecules are capable of directly triggering the death of intestinal epithelial cells. Within this context, a large number of NETs have been reported in several intestinal diseases, including intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and colorectal cancer. Therefore, the formation of NET would have to be strictly monitored to prevent their mediated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the formation mechanisms of NETs and their pathophysiological roles in a variety of intestinal diseases, with the aim of providing an essential directional guidance and theoretical basis for clinical interventions in the exploration of mechanisms underlying NETs and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Zhang Q, Ling S, Hu K, Liu J, Xu JW. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in NETosis in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112718. [PMID: 35176710 PMCID: PMC8841219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading causes of death in the world. Numerous evidence has confirmed that hypertension promotes thrombosis and induces myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent findings reveal that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the induction of myocardial infarction and stroke. Meanwhile, patients with severe COVID-19 suffer from complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke with pathological signs of NETs. Due to the extremely low amount of virus detected in the blood and remote organs (e.g., heart, brain and kidney) in a few cases, it is difficult to explain the mechanism by which the virus triggers NETosis, and there may be a different mechanism than in the lung. A large number of studies have found that the renin-angiotensin system regulates the NETosis at multiple levels in patients with COVID-19, such as endocytosis of SARS-COV-2, abnormal angiotensin II levels, neutrophil activation and procoagulant function at multiple levels, which may contribute to the formation of reticular structure and thrombosis. The treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and neutrophil recruitment and active antagonists helps to regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of net and thrombosis. The review will explore the possible role of the angiotensin system in the formation of NETs in severe COVID-19.
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21
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Rafiq M, Rivieccio F, Zimmermann AK, Visser C, Bruch A, Krüger T, González Rojas K, Kniemeyer O, Blango MG, Brakhage AA. PLB-985 Neutrophil-Like Cells as a Model To Study Aspergillus fumigatus Pathogenesis. mSphere 2022; 7:e0094021. [PMID: 34986319 PMCID: PMC8730815 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00940-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections remain a major global concern. Emerging fungal pathogens and increasing rates of resistance mean that additional research efforts and resources must be allocated to advancing our understanding of fungal pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic interventions. Neutrophilic granulocytes are a major cell type involved in protection against the important fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, where they employ numerous defense mechanisms, including production of antimicrobial extracellular vesicles. A major drawback to work with neutrophils is the lack of a suitable cell line system for the study of fungal pathogenesis. To address this problem, we assessed the feasibility of using differentiated PLB-985 neutrophil-like cells as an in vitro model to study A. fumigatus infection. We find that dimethylformamide-differentiated PLB-985 cells provide a useful recapitulation of many aspects of A. fumigatus interactions with primary human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We show that differentiated PLB-985 cells phagocytose fungal conidia and acidify conidia-containing phagolysosomes similar to primary neutrophils, release neutrophil extracellular traps, and also produce antifungal extracellular vesicles in response to infection. In addition, we provide an improved method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles produced during infection by employing a size exclusion chromatography-based approach. Advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics revealed an enrichment of extracellular vesicle marker proteins and a decrease of cytoplasmic proteins in extracellular vesicles isolated using this improved method. Ultimately, we find that differentiated PLB-985 cells can serve as a genetically tractable model to study many aspects of A. fumigatus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are an important defense against human fungal pathogens, yet our model systems to study this group of cells remain very limited in scope. In this study, we established that differentiated PLB-985 cells can serve as a model to recapitulate several important aspects of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte interactions with the important human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The proposed addition of a cultured neutrophil-like cell line to the experimental toolbox to study fungal pathogenesis will allow for a more mechanistic description of neutrophil antifungal biology. In addition, the easier handling of the cell line compared to primary human neutrophils allowed us to use PLB-985 cells to provide an improved method for isolation of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles using size exclusion chromatography. Together, these results provide significant tools and a baseline knowledge for the future study of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Flora Rivieccio
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Zimmermann
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Corissa Visser
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Bruch
- Junior Research Group RNA Biology of Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Katherine González Rojas
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew G. Blango
- Junior Research Group RNA Biology of Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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22
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Laminin Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Modulates NET Release Induced by Leishmania amazonensis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030521. [PMID: 35327324 PMCID: PMC8945559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are recruited from the blood and transmigrate through the endothelium to reach tissues, where they are prone to respond through different mechanisms, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These responses occur in close contact with proteins from the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, where laminins are abundant. Thus, we investigated the interactions between neutrophils and different laminin (LM) isoforms and analyzed the induction of NETs. We showed that neutrophils stimulated with LM isoforms 111, 211, 332, 411, 421, and 511 released NETs. The same occurred when neutrophils interacted with polymerized LMs 111, 411, and 511. LM-induced NETs were partially inhibited by pretreatment of neutrophils with an anti-α6 integrin antibody. Furthermore, NETs triggered by laminins were dependent on elastase and peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)-4, enzymes that participate in chromatin decondensation. We also found that LMs 411 and LM 511 potentiated the NET release promoted by promastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, and that NETs stimulated by LMs alone display leishmanicidal activity. The ability of LM to induce NET release may have potential implications for the course of inflammation or infection.
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23
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Poto R, Cristinziano L, Modestino L, de Paulis A, Marone G, Loffredo S, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020431. [PMID: 35203640 PMCID: PMC8962440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received limited attention in cancer immunology. Recently, it was discovered that both circulating, and tumor-associated, neutrophils possess functional plasticity when exposed to various inflammatory stimuli and in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils and their mediators can exert several pro-tumor activities in cancer and promote metastasis through different mechanisms. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in inflammation and tumor growth. Activated human neutrophils release several angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs promote tumor growth and metastasis formation through several mechanisms: they can awake dormant cancer cells, capture circulating tumor cells, coat and shield cancer cells, thus preventing CD8+- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ANGPTs released by endothelial and periendothelial mural cells induce platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. NETs can directly exert several proangiogenic activities in human endothelial cells and NETs induced by ANGPTs and PAF increase several aspects of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of the pathophysiological functions of NETs in cancer and angiogenesis could be of importance in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (S.L.); (M.R.G.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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24
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Wu X, Zeng H, Xu C, Chen H, Fan L, Zhou H, Yu Q, Fu X, Peng Y, Yan F, Yu X, Chen G. TREM1 Regulates Neuroinflammatory Injury by Modulate Proinflammatory Subtype Transition of Microglia and Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Interaction With SYK in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766178. [PMID: 34721438 PMCID: PMC8548669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and contributes to poor outcome in patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) in the SAH, as well as its potential mechanism. In our study, plasma levels of soluble TREM1 was increased significantly after SAH and correlated to SAH severity and serum C-reactiveprotein. TREM1 inhibitory peptide LP17 alleviated the neurological deficits, attenuated brain water content, and reduced neuronal damage after SAH. Meanwhile, TREM1 inhibitory peptide decreased neuroinflammation (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CD68, CD16, CD86) and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CitH3, MPO, and NE). Further mechanistic study identified that TREM1 can activate downstream proinflammatory pathways through interacting with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In conclusion, inhibition of TREM1 alleviates neuroinflammation by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through interacting with SYK after SAH. TREM1 may be a a promising therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Tatsiy O, de Carvalho Oliveira V, Mosha HT, McDonald PP. Early and Late Processes Driving NET Formation, and the Autocrine/Paracrine Role of Endogenous RAGE Ligands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675315. [PMID: 34616390 PMCID: PMC8488397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has emerged as an important response against various pathogens; it also plays a role in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Despite a growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying NET formation, much remains to be elucidated. We previously showed that in human neutrophils activated with different classes of physiological stimuli, NET formation features both early and late events that are controlled by discrete signaling pathways. However, the nature of these events has remained elusive. We now report that PAD4 inhibition only affects the early phase of NET generation, as do distinct signaling intermediates (TAK1, MEK, p38 MAPK). Accordingly, the inducible citrullination of residue R2 on histone H3 is an early neutrophil response that is regulated by these kinases; other arginine residues on histones H3 and H4 do not seem to be citrullinated. Conversely, elastase blockade did not affect NET formation by several physiological stimuli, though it did so in PMA-activated cells. Among belated events in NET formation, we found that chromatin decondensation is impaired by the inhibition of signaling pathways controlling both early and late stages of the phenomenon. In addition to chromatin decondensation, other late processes were uncovered. For instance, unstimulated neutrophils can condition themselves to be poised for rapid NET induction. Similarly, activated neutrophils release endogenous proteic factors that promote and largely mediate NET generation. Several such factors are known RAGE ligands and accordingly, RAGE inbibition largely prevents both NET formation and the conditioning of neutrophils to rapidly generate NETs upon stimulation. Our data shed new light on the cellular processes underlying NET formation, and unveil unsuspected facets of the phenomenon that could serve as therapeutic targets. In view of the involvement of NETs in both homeostasis and several pathologies, our findings are of broad relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tatsiy
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa de Carvalho Oliveira
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Tshivuadi Mosha
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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26
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The Immune System Throws Its Traps: Cells and Their Extracellular Traps in Disease and Protection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081891. [PMID: 34440659 PMCID: PMC8391883 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first formal description of the microbicidal activity of extracellular traps (ETs) containing DNA occurred in neutrophils in 2004. Since then, ETs have been identified in different populations of cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Much of the knowledge has been obtained from in vitro or ex vivo studies; however, in vivo evaluations in experimental models and human biological materials have corroborated some of the results obtained. Two types of ETs have been described—suicidal and vital ETs, with or without the death of the producer cell. The studies showed that the same cell type may have more than one ETs formation mechanism and that different cells may have similar ETs formation mechanisms. ETs can act by controlling or promoting the mechanisms involved in the development and evolution of various infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, thrombotic, and neoplastic diseases, among others. This review discusses the presence of ETs in neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and recent evidence of the presence of ETs in B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, due to recently collected information, the effect of ETs on COVID-19 is also discussed.
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27
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Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Antonelli A, Marone G, Simon HU, Varricchi G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 79:91-104. [PMID: 34280576 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their well-known functions in the acute phases of the immune response, neutrophils play important roles in the various phases of tumor initiation and progression, through the release of their stored or newly synthesized mediators. In addition to reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, granule proteins and lipid mediators, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can also be released upon neutrophil activation. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process or in association with the release of mitochondrial DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs are described as extracellular fibers of DNA and decorating proteins responsible for trapping and killing extracellular pathogens, playing a protective role in the antimicrobial defense. There is increasing evidence, however, that NETs play multiple roles in the scenario of cancer-related inflammation. For instance, NETs directly or indirectly promote tumor growth and progression, fostering tumor spread at distant sites and shielding cancer cells thus preventing the effects of cytotoxic lymphocytes. NETs can also promote tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated thrombosis. On the other hand, there is some evidence that NETs may play anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic roles. In this review, we focus on the main mechanisms underlying the emerging effects of NETs in cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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28
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Erdei A, Kovács KG, Nagy-Baló Z, Lukácsi S, Mácsik-Valent B, Kurucz I, Bajtay Z. New aspects in the regulation of human B cell functions by complement receptors CR1, CR2, CR3 and CR4. Immunol Lett 2021; 237:42-57. [PMID: 34186155 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of complement in the regulation of antibody responses has been known for long. By now several additional B cell functions - including cytokine production and antigen presentation - have also been shown to be regulated by complement proteins. Most of these important activities are mediated by receptors interacting with activation fragments of the central component of the complement system C3, such as C3b, iC3b and C3d, which are covalently attached to antigens and immune complexes. This review summarizes the role of complement receptors interacting with these ligands, namely CR1 (CD35), CR2 (CD21), CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) expressed by B cells in health and disease. Although we focus on human B lymphocytes, we also aim to call the attention to important differences between human and mouse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kristóf G Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Nagy-Baló
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Kurucz
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Rosales C. Neutrophils vs. amoebas: Immunity against the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1241-1252. [PMID: 34085314 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0521-849rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite with high prevalence in developing countries, and causes amoebiasis. This disease affects the intestine and the liver, and is the third leading cause of human deaths among parasite infections. E. histolytica infection of the intestine or liver is associated with a strong inflammation characterized by a large number of infiltrating neutrophils. Consequently, several reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role in amoebiasis. However, other reports indicate that amoebas making direct contact with neutrophils provoke lysis of these leukocytes, resulting in the release of their lytic enzymes, which in turn provoke tissue damage. Therefore, the role of neutrophils in this parasitic infection remains controversial. Neutrophils migrate from the circulation to sites of infection, where they display several antimicrobial functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Recently, it was found that E. histolytica trophozoites are capable of inducing NET formation. Neutrophils in touch with amoebas launched NET in an explosive manner around the amoebas and completely covered them in nebulous DNA and cell aggregates where parasites got immobilized and killed. In addition, the phenotype of neutrophils can be modified by the microbiome resulting in protection against amoebas. This review describes the mechanisms of E. histolytica infection and discusses the novel view of how neutrophils are involved in innate immunity defense against amoebiasis. Also, the mechanisms on how the microbiome modulates neutrophil function are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Heme activates platelets and exacerbates rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury via CLEC-2 and GPVI/FcRγ. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2017-2026. [PMID: 33843987 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that platelets participate in multiple pathophysiological processes other than thrombosis and hemostasis, such as immunity, inflammation, embryonic development, and cancer progression. A recent study revealed that heme (hemin)-activated platelets induce macrophage extracellular traps (METs) and exacerbate rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RAKI); however, how hemin activates platelets remains unclear. Here, we report that both C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) are platelet hemin receptors and are involved in the exacerbation of RAKI. We investigated hemin-induced platelet aggregation in humans and mice, binding of hemin to CLEC-2 and GPVI, the RAKI-associated phenotype in a mouse model, and in vitro MET formation. Using western blotting and surface plasmon resonance, we showed that hemin activates human platelets by stimulating the phosphorylation of SYK and PLCγ2 and directly binding to both CLEC-2 and GPVI. Furthermore, hemin-induced murine platelet aggregation was partially reduced in CLEC-2-depleted and FcRγ-deficient (equivalent to GPVI-deficient) platelets and almost completely inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted FcRγ-deficient (double-knockout) platelets. In addition, hemin-induced murine platelet aggregation was inhibited by the CLEC-2 inhibitor cobalt hematoporphyrin or GPVI antibody (JAQ-1). Renal dysfunction, tubular injury, and MET formation were attenuated in double-knockout RAKI mice. Furthermore, in vitro MET formation assay showed that the downstream signaling pathway of CLEC-2 and GPVI is involved in MET formation. We propose that both CLEC-2 and GPVI in platelets play an important role in RAKI development.
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31
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Jiang X, Sun X, Lin J, Ling Y, Fang Y, Wu J. MD Simulations on a Well-Built Docking Model Reveal Fine Mechanical Stability and Force-Dependent Dissociation of Mac-1/GPIbα Complex. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:638396. [PMID: 33968982 PMCID: PMC8100526 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.638396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of leukocyte integrin macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) to platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) is critical for platelet-leukocyte crosstalk in hemostasis and inflammatory responses to vessel injuries under hemodynamic environments. The mechano-regulation and its molecular basis for binding of Mac-1 to GPIbα remain unclear, mainly coming from the lack of crystal structure of the Mac-1/GPIbα complex. We herein built a Mac-1/GPIbα complex model through a novel computer strategy, which included a flexible molecular docking and system equilibrium followed by a "force-ramp + snapback" molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. With this model, a series of "ramp-clamp" steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were performed to examine the GPIbα-Mac-1 interaction under various loads. The results demonstrated that the complex was mechano-stable for both the high rupture force (>250 pN) at a pulling velocity of 3 Å/ns and the conformational conservation under various constant tensile forces (≤75 pN); a catch-slip bond transition was predicted through the dissociation probability, examined with single molecular AFM measurements, reflected by the interaction energy and the interface H-bond number, and related to the force-induced allostery of the complex; besides the mutation-identified residues D222 and R218, the residues were also dominant in the binding of Mac-1 to GPIbα. This study recommended a valid computer strategy for building a likely wild-type docking model of a complex, provided a novel insight into the mechanical regulation mechanism and its molecular basis for the interaction of Mac-1 with GPIbα, and would be helpful for understanding the platelet-leukocyte interaction in hemostasis and inflammatory responses under mechano-microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchen Ling
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Sekheri M, Othman A, Filep JG. β2 Integrin Regulation of Neutrophil Functional Plasticity and Fate in the Resolution of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660760. [PMID: 33859651 PMCID: PMC8043047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils act as the first line of cellular defense against invading pathogens or tissue injury. Their rapid recruitment into inflamed tissues is critical for the elimination of invading microorganisms and tissue repair, but is also capable of inflicting damage to neighboring tissues. The β2 integrins and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2 or complement receptor 3) in particular, are best known for mediating neutrophil adhesion and transmigration across the endothelium and phagocytosis of microbes. However, Mac-1 has a broad ligand recognition property that contributes to the functional versatility of the neutrophil population far beyond their antimicrobial function. Accumulating evidence over the past decade has demonstrated roles for Mac-1 ligands in regulating reverse neutrophil transmigration, lifespan, phagocytosis-induced cell death, release of neutrophil extracellular traps and efferocytosis, hence extending the traditional β2 integrin repertoire in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the functions of β2 integrins may partly explain neutrophil heterogeneity and may be instrumental to develop novel therapies specifically targeting Mac-1-mediated pro-resolution actions without compromising immunity. Thus, this review details novel insights on outside-in signaling through β2 integrins and neutrophil functional heterogeneity pertinent to the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Sekheri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amira Othman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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33
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Williams TJ, Gonzales-Huerta LE, Armstrong-James D. Fungal-Induced Programmed Cell Death. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030231. [PMID: 33804601 PMCID: PMC8003624 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a cause of morbidity in humans, and despite the availability of a range of antifungal treatments, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high. Although our knowledge of the interactions between pathogenic fungi and the host continues to grow, further research is still required to fully understand the mechanism underpinning fungal pathogenicity, which may provide new insights for the treatment of fungal disease. There is great interest regarding how microbes induce programmed cell death and what this means in terms of the immune response and resolution of infection as well as microbe-specific mechanisms that influence cell death pathways to aid in their survival and continued infection. Here, we discuss how programmed cell death is induced by fungi that commonly cause opportunistic infections, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans, the role of programmed cell death in fungal immunity, and how fungi manipulate these pathways.
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34
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Silva JDC, Thompson-Souza GDA, Barroso MV, Neves JS, Figueiredo RT. Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634043. [PMID: 33679665 PMCID: PMC7929991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a worldwide health problem. Fungal pathogens are responsible for a variety of conditions, including superficial diseases, allergic pathologies and potentially lethal invasive infections. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been implicated as effector cells in several pathologies. Neutrophils are major effector cells involved in the control of fungal infections and exhibit a plethora of antifungal mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, extracellular vesicle formation, and DNA extracellular trap (ET) release. Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear cells classically implicated as effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and helminthic infections, although their roles as immunomodulatory players in both innate and adaptive immunity are currently recognized. Eosinophils are also endowed with antifungal activities and are abundantly found in allergic conditions associated with fungal colonization and sensitization. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been demonstrated to release their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in response to many pathogens and pro-inflammatory stimuli. ETs have been implicated in the killing and control of many pathogens, as well as in promoting inflammation and tissue damage. The formation of ETs by neutrophils and eosinophils has been described in response to pathogenic fungi. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the release of neutrophil and eosinophil ETs in response to fungal pathogens. General implications for understanding the formation of ETs and the roles of ETs in fungal infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Costa Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Sabbadini Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Barroso MV, Gropillo I, Detoni MAA, Thompson-Souza GA, Muniz VS, Vasconcelos CRI, Figueiredo RT, Melo RCN, Neves JS. Structural and Signaling Events Driving Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Human Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Release. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633696. [PMID: 33679663 PMCID: PMC7930393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes classically involved in allergic diseases and in the host immune responses to helminths, fungi, bacteria and viruses. The release of extracellular DNA traps by leukocytes is an important mechanism of the innate immune response to pathogens in various infectious conditions, including fungal infections. Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus responsible for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a pulmonary disease marked by prominent eosinophilic inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that isolated human eosinophils release extracellular DNA traps (eosinophil extracellular traps; EETs) when stimulated by A. fumigatus in vitro. This release occurs through a lytic non-oxidative mechanism that involves CD11b and Syk tyrosine kinase. In this work, we unraveled different intracellular mechanisms that drive the release of extracellular DNA traps by A. fumigatus-stimulated eosinophils. Ultrastructurally, we originally observed that A. fumigatus-stimulated eosinophils present typical signs of extracellular DNA trap cell death (ETosis) with the nuclei losing both their shape (delobulation) and the euchromatin/heterochromatin distinction, followed by rupture of the nuclear envelope and EETs release. We also found that by targeting class I PI3K, and more specifically PI3Kδ, the release of extracellular DNA traps induced by A. fumigatus is inhibited. We also demonstrated that A. fumigatus-induced EETs release depends on the Src family, Akt, calcium and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in a process in which fungal viability is dispensable. Interestingly, we showed that A. fumigatus-induced EETs release occurs in a mechanism independent of PAD4 histone citrullination. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie EETs release in response to A. fumigatus, which may lead to better knowledge of ABPA pathophysiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Gropillo
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcella A A Detoni
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Valdirene S Muniz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo T Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Campus of Duque de Caxias, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Josiane S Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Adams W, Espicha T, Estipona J. Getting Your Neutrophil: Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in the Lung. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00659-20. [PMID: 33526562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00659-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transepithelial migration is a fundamental process that facilitates the rapid trafficking of neutrophils to inflammatory foci and occurs across a diverse range of tissues. For decades there has been widespread interest in understanding the mechanisms that drive this migratory process in response to different pathogens and organ systems. This has led to the successful integration of key findings on neutrophil transepithelial migration from the intestines, lungs, liver, genitourinary tract, and other tissues into a single, cohesive model. However, recent studies have identified organ specific differences in neutrophil transepithelial migration. These findings support a model where the tissue in concert with the pro-inflammatory stimuli dictate a unique collection of signals that drive neutrophil trafficking. This review focuses on the mechanisms that drive neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to microbial infection of a single organ, the lung. Herein we provide a detailed analysis of the adhesion molecules and chemoattractants that contribute to the recruitment of neutrophil into the airways. We also highlight important advances in experimental models for studying neutrophil transepithelial migration in the lung over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Taylor Espicha
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Janine Estipona
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
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37
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Camilli G, Blagojevic M, Naglik JR, Richardson JP. Programmed Cell Death: Central Player in Fungal Infections. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:179-196. [PMID: 33293167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fungal diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in humans. Although recent research has improved our understanding of the complex and dynamic interplay that occurs between pathogenic fungi and the human host, much remains to be elucidated concerning the molecular mechanisms that drive fungal pathogenicity and host responses to fungal infections. In recent times, there has been a significant increase in studies investigating the immunological functions of microbial-induced host cell death. In addition, pathogens use many strategies to manipulate host cell death pathways to facilitate their survival and dissemination. This review will focus on the mechanisms of host programmed cell death that occur during opportunistic fungal infections, and explore how cell death pathways may affect immunity towards pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Mariana Blagojevic
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jonathan P Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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38
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Yang J, Wu Z, Long Q, Huang J, Hong T, Liu W, Lin J. Insights Into Immunothrombosis: The Interplay Among Neutrophil Extracellular Trap, von Willebrand Factor, and ADAMTS13. Front Immunol 2020; 11:610696. [PMID: 33343584 PMCID: PMC7738460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are essential for thrombosis and inflammation. During these processes, a complex series of events, including endothelial activation, NET formation, VWF secretion, and blood cell adhesion, aggregation and activation, occurs in an ordered manner in the vasculature. The adhesive activity of VWF multimers is regulated by a specific metalloprotease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13). Increasing evidence indicates that the interaction between NETs and VWF contributes to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as inflammation. Furthermore, contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs induce the reduction of ADAMTS13 activity, which may occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recently, NET is considered as a driver of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, the levels of VWF and ADAMTS13 can predict the mortality of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, VWF, and ADAMTS13, and discuss their roles in TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19. Targeting the NET-VWF axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Yang
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Long
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Hong
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Urban CF, Backman E. Eradicating, retaining, balancing, swarming, shuttling and dumping: a myriad of tasks for neutrophils during fungal infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Xie T, Duan Z, Sun S, Chu C, Ding W. β-Lactams modulate neutrophil extracellular traps formation mediated by mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:408-414. [PMID: 33256982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some biotics, like β-Lactams, have shown immunomodulation effects during sepsis, but the detailed mechanism was still unclear. Here we postulated that neutrophils play an essential role and β-Lactams exert immunomodulation effects through modulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. METHODS NETs formation induced by two β-Lactams, Meropenem (MEM) and ceftazidime/tazobactam (CAZ/TB) in neutrophils from healthy donors and HL-60 cells was performed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase were examined. Additionally, the upstream signal pathway of NETs formation, including protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were detected. RESULTS MEM and CAZ/TB modulate NETs formation in activated PMNs, not resting PMNs. Both reduced ROS generation in resting PMNs and increased in activated PMNs. To test the activity of NADPH oxidase, we detected NADPH in MEM and CAZ/TB pre-cultivated activated PMNs, which showed that MEM and CAZ/TB modulates NETs formation through activation of NADHP oxidase by affecting the subunits of key enzymes. However, MEM reduced levels of phosho-PKC-Akt-mTOR, with no changes in CAZ/TB. CONCLUSIONS We firstly demonstrate that β-Lactams showed the definitive immunomodulation effects through modulating NETs formation, which is depended on PKC-Akt-mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zehua Duan
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shilong Sun
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chengnan Chu
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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41
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Breda LCD, Breda CNDS, de Almeida JRF, Paulo LNM, Jannuzzi GP, Menezes IDG, Albuquerque RC, Câmara NOS, Ferreira KS, de Almeida SR. Fonsecaeapedrosoi Conidia and Hyphae Activate Neutrophils Distinctly: Requirement of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in Neutrophil Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:540064. [PMID: 33193308 PMCID: PMC7609859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.540064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic and progressive subcutaneous mycosis caused mainly by the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The infection is characterized by erythematous papules and histological sections demonstrating an external layer of fibrous tissue and an internal layer of thick granulomatous inflammatory tissue containing mainly macrophages and neutrophils. Several groups are studying the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in F. pedrosoi infection; however, few studies have focused on the role of neutrophils in this infection. In the current study, we verify the importance of murine neutrophils in the killing of F. pedrosoi conidia and hyphae. We demonstrate that phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species during infection with conidia are TLR-2- and TLR-4-dependent and are essential for conidial killing. Meanwhile, hyphal killing occurs by NET formation in a TLR-2-, TLR-4-, and ROS-independent manner. In vivo experiments show that TLR-2 and TLR-4 are also important in chromoblastomycosis infection. TLR-2KO and TLR-4KO animals had lower levels of CCL3 and CXCL1 chemokines and impaired neutrophil migration to the infected site. These animals also had higher fungal loads during infection with F. pedrosoi conidia, confirming that TLR-2 and TLR-4 are essential receptors for F. pedrosoi recognition and immune system activation. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time that neutrophil activation during F. pedrosoi is conidial or hyphal-specific with TLR-2 and TLR-4 being essential during conidial infection but unnecessary for hyphal killing by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Carvalho Dantas Breda
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Fogaça de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Neves Monteiro Paulo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Godoy Menezes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Chaves Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Spadari Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogério de Almeida
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khawaja AA, Chong DLW, Sahota J, Mikolasch TA, Pericleous C, Ripoll VM, Booth HL, Khan S, Rodriguez-Justo M, Giles IP, Porter JC. Identification of a Novel HIF-1α-α Mβ 2 Integrin-NET Axis in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2190. [PMID: 33178179 PMCID: PMC7594517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation correlates with mortality in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) particularly in the most severe form, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Neutrophil function is modulated by numerous factors, including integrin activation, inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. Hypoxia has an important role in inflammation and may also contribute to pulmonary disease. We aimed to determine how neutrophil activation occurs in ILD and the relative importance of hypoxia. Using lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from ILD patients we investigated the extent of hypoxia and neutrophil activation in ILD lungs. Then we used ex vivo neutrophils isolated from healthy volunteers and BAL from patients with ILD and non-ILD controls to further investigate aberrant neutrophil activation in hypoxia and ILD. We demonstrate for the first time using intracellular staining, HIF-1α stabilization in neutrophils and endothelial cells in ILD lung biopsies. Hypoxia enhanced both spontaneous (+1.31-fold, p < 0.05) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced (+1.65-fold, p < 0.001) neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, neutrophil adhesion (+8.8-fold, <0.05), and trans-endothelial migration (+1.9-fold, p < 0.05). Hypoxia also increased neutrophil expression of the αM (+3.1-fold, p < 0.001) and αX (+1.6-fold, p < 0.01) integrin subunits. Interestingly, NET formation was induced by αMβ2 integrin activation and prevented by cation chelation. Finally, we observed NET-like structures in IPF lung sections and in the BAL from ILD patients, and quantification showed increased cell-free DNA content (+5.5-fold, p < 0.01) and MPO-citrullinated histone H3 complexes (+21.9-fold, p < 0.01) in BAL from ILD patients compared to non-ILD controls. In conclusion, HIF-1α upregulation may augment neutrophil recruitment and activation within the lung interstitium through activation of β2 integrins. Our results identify a novel HIF-1α- αMβ2 integrin axis in NET formation for future exploration in therapeutic approaches to fibrotic ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif A. Khawaja
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah L. W. Chong
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jagdeep Sahota
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theresia A. Mikolasch
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charis Pericleous
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vera M. Ripoll
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Booth
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saif Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Giles
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C. Porter
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Interstitial Lung Disease Service, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zeng J, Xu H, Fan PZ, Xie J, He J, Yu J, Gu X, Zhang CJ. Kaempferol blocks neutrophil extracellular traps formation and reduces tumour metastasis by inhibiting ROS-PAD4 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7590-7599. [PMID: 32427405 PMCID: PMC7339206 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (kaem) is a dietary flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. The inhibitory effects of kaem on primary tumour growth have been extensively investigated; however, its effects on tumour metastasis are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that kaem significantly suppresses both primary tumour growth and lung metastasis in mouse breast tumour model. Furthermore, decreased expression of citrullinated histone H3 (H3‐cit), a biomarker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), had been founded in metastatic lung upon treated with kaem. The reduction of H3‐cit is not, however, due to the cytotoxicity of kaem on neutrophils since the frequency of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils did not change in lung, tumour or blood in the presence of kaem. We then confirm the anti‐NETs effects of kaem in vitro by co‐culturing mouse neutrophils and kaem. Supplementing the neutrophils with GSK484, a potent NET inhibitor, totally abrogated the inhibitory effects of kaem on tumour metastasis while having little or no impact on primary tumour growth, indicating the specificity of kaem acting on NET formation and tumour metastasis. We also found that kaem suppressed ROS production in mouse bone‐marrow derived neutrophils. Supplementing with the ROS scavenger DPI abrogated kaem's effects on NET formation, suggesting the involvement of kaempferol in NADPH/ROS‐NETs signalling. Finally, we applied the kaem on NET‐deficient PAD4‐/‐ mice and found decreased primary tumour volume and weight but similar lung metastatic tumour with kaempferol treatment. Therefore, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kaem in breast cancer development by targeting NETs induced tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Fan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianwen Gu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Thompson‐Souza GA, Santos GMP, Silva JC, Muniz VS, Braga YAV, Figueiredo RT, Melo RCN, Santos ALS, Pinto MR, Neves JS. Histoplasma capsulatum
‐induced extracellular DNA trap release in human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13195. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana C. Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Institute of Microbiology Paulo de GóesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Valdirene S. Muniz
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Yasmim A. V. Braga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Institute of Microbiology Paulo de GóesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T. Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Campus of Duque de CaxiasFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rossana C. N. Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - André L. S. Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de GóesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcia R. Pinto
- Biomedical InstituteFluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil
| | - Josiane S. Neves
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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45
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HDAC Inhibitor Attenuated NETs Formation Induced by Activated Platelets In Vitro, Partially Through Downregulating Platelet Secretion. Shock 2020; 54:321-329. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Granger V, Peyneau M, Chollet-Martin S, de Chaisemartin L. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Autoimmunity and Allergy: Immune Complexes at Work. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2824. [PMID: 31849989 PMCID: PMC6901596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been initially described as main actors in host defense owing to their ability to immobilize and sometimes kill microorganisms. Subsequent studies have demonstrated their implication in the pathophysiology of various diseases, due to the toxic effects of their main components on surrounding tissues. Several distinct NETosis pathways have been described in response to various triggers. Among these triggers, IgG immune complexes (IC) play an important role since they induce robust NET release upon binding to activating FcγRs on neutrophils. Few in vitro studies have documented the mechanisms of IC-induced NET release and evidence about the partners involved is controversial. In vivo, animal models and clinical studies have strongly suggested the importance of IgG IC-induced NET release for autoimmunity and anaphylaxis. In this review, we will focus on two autoimmune diseases in which NETs are undoubtedly major players, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We will also discuss anaphylaxis as another example of disease recently associated with IC-induced NET release. Understanding the role of IC-induced NETs in these settings will pave the way for new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Granger
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marine Peyneau
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflammation Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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