1
|
Yang C, Li J, Deng Z, Luo S, Liu J, Fang W, Liu F, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Zhang S, Luo J, Liu C, Yang D, Liu L, Sukhova GK, Sadybekov A, Katritch V, Libby P, Wang J, Guo J, Shi GP. Eosinophils protect pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:195-212. [PMID: 35394031 PMCID: PMC10022866 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts and EOS cationic protein (ECP) levels associate positively with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and prevalence. This study investigates the role of EOS in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective cross-section study of 644 consecutive inpatients with hypertension examined the association between blood EOS counts and cardiac hypertrophy. Pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy was produced in EOS-deficient ΔdblGATA mice. This study revealed positive correlations between blood EOS counts and left ventricular (LV) mass and mass index in humans. ΔdblGATA mice showed exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, with increased LV wall thickness, reduced LV internal diameter, and increased myocardial cell size, death, and fibrosis. Repopulation of EOS from wild-type (WT) mice, but not those from IL4-deficient mice ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunctions. In ΔdblGATA and WT mice, administration of ECP mEar1 improved cardiac hypertrophy and function. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EOS expression of IL4, IL13, and mEar1 was essential to control mouse cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death and cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling and fibrotic protein synthesis. The use of human cardiac cells yielded the same results. Human ECP, EOS-derived neurotoxin, human EOS, or murine recombinant mEar1 reduced human cardiomyocyte death and hypertrophy and human cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling. CONCLUSION Although blood EOS counts correlated positively with LV mass or LV mass index in humans, this study established a cardioprotective role for EOS IL4 and cationic proteins in cardiac hypertrophy and tested a therapeutic possibility of ECPs in this human CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenqian Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Conglin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Junli Guo
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolf F, Glick K, Elias M, Mader R. Portal Vein Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Paradox? Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018; 5:000971. [PMID: 30755990 PMCID: PMC6346807 DOI: 10.12890/2018_000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) presented with necrotic skin lesions and pulmonary infiltrates. There was eosinophilic vasculitis on skin biopsy, and substantial tissue eosinophilia in her bone marrow. She had unexplained worsening thrombocytopenia, which prompted a thrombophilia work-up. However, abnormalities in liver enzymes led to the extraordinary finding of portal vein thrombosis. Thrombocytopenia resolved with treatment with low molecular weight heparin. This case highlights the risk of hypercoagulability in eosinophilia specifically, and in EGPA. We suggest that thrombosis should be ruled out in all cases of EGPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Emek Medical Center, Itzhak Rabin Blvd., Afula, Israel
| | - Karina Glick
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Emek Medical Center, Itzhak Rabin Blvd., Afula, Israel
| | - Mazen Elias
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Emek Medical Center, Itzhak Rabin Blvd., Afula, Israel
| | - Reuven Mader
- Division of Rheumatology, Emek Medical Center, Itzhak Rabin Blvd., Afula, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dengue hemorrhagic fever-associated immunomediators induced via maturation of dengue virus nonstructural 4B protein in monocytes modulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules and human microvascular endothelial cells permeability. Virology 2011; 422:326-37. [PMID: 22129847 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural 4B protein (NS4B) induced dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)-associated immunomediators in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, cleavage of NS4AB polyprotein by the NS2B3 protease, significantly increased immunomediator production to levels found after DENV infection. In this report using primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) transwell permeability model and HMVEC monolayer, we demonstrate that the immunomediators secreted in the supernatants of DENV-infected monocytes increase HMVEC permeability and expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Moreover, maturation of NS4B via cleavage of 2KNS4B is sufficient to induce immunomediators that cause HMVEC phenotypic changes, which appear to be synergistically induced by TNFα and IL-8. These data suggest that therapies targeting the maturation steps of NS4B, particularly 2KNS4B processing, may reduce overall DHF-associated immunomediator levels, thereby reducing DHF-associated morbidity and mortality. Alternatively, TNFα inhibitors may be a valid intervention strategy during the later stages of infection to prevent DHF progression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sari FR, Arozal W, Watanabe K, Harima M, Veeravedu PT, Thandavarayan RA, Suzuki K, Arumugam S, Soetikno V, Kodama M. Carvedilol Attenuates Inflammatory-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Daunorubicin-Induced Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4053802 DOI: 10.3390/ph4030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity, which results from intense cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, is the main limiting factor of the anthracyclines. Carvedilol, a beta blocker that is used as a multifunctional neurohormonal antagonist, has been shown to act not only as an anti-oxidant, but also as an anti-inflammatory drug. This study was designed to evaluate whether carvedilol exerts a protective role against inflammation-mediated cardiotoxicity in the daunorubicin (DNR)-induced rats. Carvedilol was administered orally to the rats every day for 6 weeks at a cumulative dose of 9 mg/kg body weight DNR. DNR significantly induced cardiac damage and worsened cardiac function as well as increased cardiac mast cell density, elevating the myocardial protein and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1, nuclear factor kappa-B, cyclooxygenase-2, monocyte chemotactic protein -1 and interleukin -6 compared to that in the control group. Cotreatment with carvedilol significantly attenuated the myocardial protein and mRNA expression levels of these inflammatory markers, decreased cardiac mast cell density, improved histological cardiac damage and cardiac functions. In conclusion, inflammation plays a significant role in DNR-induced cardiotoxicity, and carvedilol contributes to cardioprotection against inflammation-mediated cardiotoxicity in DNR-induced rats through its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flori R. Sari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, State Islamic University, South Jakarta 15412, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail address: ; Tel.: +81 250 25 5267; Fax: +81 250 25 5021
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Punniyakoti T. Veeravedu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Kodama
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ames PRJ, Margaglione M, Mackie S, Alves JD. Eosinophilia and thrombophilia in churg strauss syndrome: a clinical and pathogenetic overview. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2009; 16:628-36. [PMID: 19833618 DOI: 10.1177/1076029609348647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, there has been an increased description of Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS) characterized by vascular occlusions possibly linked to the thrombogenic potential of the eosinophil that is poorly appreciated. The purpose of this overview is 3-fold: the first to evaluate the available prevalence of thrombosis in Churg Strauss series, the second to demonstrate that any vascular district may be affected, and the third to describe the pathogenesis of thrombosis in CSS. A Pubmed, EMBASE, and Google search of CSS series from 1951 to date revealed a prevalence of arterial occlusion ranging between 3.1% and 18.7% and a prevalence of venous occlusion between 5.8% and 30%, whereas a specific survey for venous thromboembolism in CSS yielded a prevalence of 8.1%. Eosinophils store and release tissue factor as well as other cationic proteins: the former initiates coagulation while the latter inhibits natural anticoagulant activity and activate platelets eventually culminating in excessive thrombin generation and clot formation. In addition, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies may shift the endothelial lining to proadhesive and prothrombotic surface. It is hoped that the review will represent a basis to foster novel research on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R J Ames
- Haematology Department, Airedale General Hospital, Steeton and Immunoclot Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonlugur U, Efeoglu T. Vascular adhesion and transendothelial migration of eosinophil leukocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2004; 318:473-82. [PMID: 15578268 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-0925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissues respond to injury with inflammation in an effort to protect and repair the damaged site. During inflammation, leukocytes typically accumulate in response to certain chemicals produced within the tissue itself. The passage of leukocytes through the vascular lumen into tissues occurs in several phases, including rolling, activation, firm adhesion, transendothelial migration, and subendothelial migration. Although infiltration of eosinophil leukocytes is one of the most important aspects of allergic inflammatory reactions, eosinophils also participate in nonallergic inflammation. Eosinophil accumulation is regulated not only by endothelial adhesion molecules, but also by interactions between eosinophil adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix elements. This review summarizes the regulation of eosinophil leukocyte adhesion and migration. A better understanding of eosinophil recruitment responses may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for chronic allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Gonlugur
- Department of Chest Diseases, Cumhuriyet University Medical School Gogus, Hastaliklari Klinigi, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molet S, Hamid Q, Davoine F, Nutku E, Taha R, Pagé N, Olivenstein R, Elias J, Chakir J. IL-17 is increased in asthmatic airways and induces human bronchial fibroblasts to produce cytokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:430-8. [PMID: 11544464 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 is a cytokine that has been reported to be produced by T lymphocytes. In vitro, IL-17 activates fibro-blasts and macrophages for the secretion of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. A number of these cytokines are involved in the airway remodeling that is observed within the lungs of asthmatic individuals. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-17 in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained from asthmatic subjects and from nonasthmatic control subjects. METHODS IL-17 was detected through use of immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and Western blot. Bronchial fibroblasts were stimulated with IL-17, and cytokine production and chemokine production were detected through use of ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS Using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrated that the numbers of cells positive for IL-17 are significantly increased in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of subjects with asthma in comparison with control subjects (P <.001 and P <.005, respectively). We demonstrated that in addition to T cells, eosinophils in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids expressed IL-17. Peripheral blood eosinophils were also positive for IL-17, and the level of IL-17 in eosinophils purified from peripheral blood was significantly higher in subjects with asthma than in controls (P <.01). To further investigate the mechanism of action of IL-17 in vivo, we examined the effect of this cytokine on fibroblasts isolated from bronchial biopsies of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. IL-17 did enhance the production of pro-fibrotic cytokines (IL-6 and IL-11) by fibroblasts, and this was inhibited by dexamethasone. Similarly, IL-17 increased the level of other fibroblast-derived inflammatory mediators, such as the alpha-chemokines, IL-8, and growth-related oncogene-alpha. CONCLUSION Our results, which demonstrate for the first time that eosinophils are a potential source of IL-17 within asthmatic airways, suggest that IL-17 might have the potential to amplify inflammatory responses through the release of proinflammatory mediators such as alpha-chemokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Molet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jones H, Paul W, Page CP. A comparison of allergen and polycation induced cutaneous responses in the rabbit. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:1181-9. [PMID: 11487530 PMCID: PMC1572878 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammatory responses contribute to the symptoms of a number of diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis. Cationic proteins are released from inflammatory cells and levels are known to be raised in disease states. Using an in vivo model of acute inflammation, we investigated the characteristics of cutaneous responses to antigen (Alternaria tenuis, AT) and poly-L-lysine (PLL, used as a paradigm for cationic proteins). We aimed to compare the inflammatory profile of cationic polypeptides and the allergic response and to identify similarities and differences between these responses. Responses to intradermal injection of the polycation, PLL and antigen were compared using radiolabelled protein ((125)I-bovine serum albumin, BSA) and cells ((111)In-neutrophils, PMN) to study plasma exudation (PE) and PMN accumulation (PMNA) in the skin of AT sensitized rabbits. Both PLL and antigen caused dose-related increases in PE and PMNA. PE (and PMNA) responses to PLL were prolonged (up to 3 h), as were those to antigen. This is in contrast to PE responses to fMLP which were maximal at 45 min. In immunized animals, treated with colchicine (1 mg kg(-1) i.v.), PE responses to the directly acting mediator, bradykinin (BK), were not affected, whereas PE responses to the neutrophil dependent mediator, f-met-leu-phe (fMLP), were significantly (P<0.01) reduced. Antigen-induced PE responses were significantly (50, 500 (P<0.05); 200 (P<0.01) p.n.u. site(-1)) inhibited by colchicine, but PLL-induced responses were not significantly affected. We conclude that although PLL-induced responses had a similar time course to those of antigen, some differences were observed between responses, which indicate that although polycations may contribute to allergic responses, these two responses are produced by distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jones
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, 5 Floor Hodgkin Building, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roupe van der Voort C, Heijnen CJ, Wulffraat N, Kuis W, Kavelaars A. Stress induces increases in IL-6 production by leucocytes of patients with the chronic inflammatory disease juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a putative role for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110:223-9. [PMID: 11024553 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. In the present study we demonstrate that exposure of JRA patients to a noradrenergic stressor (cold pressor test) results in enhanced LPS-induced IL-6 production by peripheral blood cells of these patients. Healthy, age-matched controls had the same rise in norepinephrine, but do not respond with changes in IL-6 production after exposure to the cold pressor test. Moreover, PBMC of patients with JRA express mRNA encoding alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (AR), predominantly of the alpha(1d)-AR subtype. In contrast, we could not detect mRNA encoding for alpha(1)-AR in PBMC of healthy controls. The results of this study suggest that expression of alpha(1)-AR mRNA in PBMC during chronic inflammation is associated with altered responses of the immune system to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Roupe van der Voort
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Room KC03.068.0, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fahy O, Hammad H, Sénéchal S, Pestel J, Tonnel AB, Wallaert B, Tsicopoulos A. Synergistic effect of diesel organic extracts and allergen Der p 1 on the release of chemokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic subjects: involvement of the map kinase pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 23:247-54. [PMID: 10919993 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.2.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic compounds of diesel exhaust particles (DEP-PAHs) have been shown to favor immunoglobulin production and bronchial hyperresponsiveness and to affect cytokine and chemokine productions. To evaluate if diesel exhaust could act in synergy with a house dust mite allergen (Der p 1), peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic patients were exposed to DEP-PAHs, with or without purified Der p 1. DEP-PAHs and Der p 1 separately induced an increase in interleukin (IL)-8, regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations. Interestingly, a synergy between the two stimuli was also observed. In the case of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, DEP-PAHs reduced the release, whereas Der p 1 enhanced it. A simultaneous exposure led to reduced production as compared with allergen exposure alone, but still represented an increase as compared with the control exposure. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Erk1/2 antagonist mainly inhibited the release of MCP-1, whereas MAP kinase p38 antagonist mainly suppressed the release of IL-8 and RANTES. Messenger RNA expression correlated with protein measurements. Moreover, supernatants from cells exposed to both DEP-PAHs and Der p 1 had a significant chemotactic activity on neutrophils and eosinophils. These findings suggest that simultaneous exposure of allergic patients to DEPs and allergens could result in high local chemokine levels via MAP kinase pathways activation, increasing the likelihood of reaching a critical threshold leading to the initiation of respiratory allergic symptoms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL5/genetics
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemotaxis
- Child, Preschool
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Glutathione/pharmacology
- Glycoproteins/adverse effects
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vehicle Emissions/adverse effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Fahy
- INSERM U416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Hôpital Calmette, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bacáková L, Mares V, Lisá V, Svorcík V. Molecular mechanisms of improved adhesion and growth of an endothelial cell line cultured on polystyrene implanted with fluorine ions. Biomaterials 2000; 21:1173-9. [PMID: 10817270 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells derived from the bovine pulmonary artery (line CPAE, CCL 209, American Tissue Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA) were cultured on pristine or fluorine ion-irradiated polystyrene (5 x 10(12) or 5 x 10(14) F ions/cm2, 150 keV). At 24-h post-seeding interval, the number of cells which adhered to the ion-modified polystyrene was significantly higher than on the unmodified material (+20 and +58% in cultures with the polystyrene irradiated by lower and higher ion doses, respectively). On day 7, the populations cultured on the irradiated substrates grew to higher densities, exceeding the controls at the lower and higher ion doses by 69 and 180%, respectively. The cells on ion-implanted samples were also larger (+70-95% and +90-99% at the lower and higher ion doses, respectively) and contained more protein (+16% at both ion doses). As was shown by ELISA, the polystyrene irradiated by the higher ion dose enhanced the expression of a cytoskeletal protein, vimentin (+65%) and protein of focal adhesion plaques, talin (+15%). The content of integrin alpha5beta1 (VLA-5), receptor for fibronectin, was increased at both lower and higher ion doses (+22 and +57%). In contrast to this, the content of ICAM-1 and vinculin was similar in cells grown on both pristine and ion-irradiated growth substrates. Moreover, the expression of VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 was lower by 11-14% in both ion dose groups. The present study has shown that ion implantation of polymers improves the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells without elevating the expression of immunoglobulin and selectin types of adhesion molecules. This surface modification should promote colonization of an artificial vascular prosthesis by endothelial cells and make it less vulnerable by immune system cells of the recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Bacáková
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Eosinophils play a protective role in host immunity to infections by parasitic worms and, detrimentally, are involved in the pathophysiology of asthma and other allergic diseases. Airway inflammation is central to the pathology of asthma and is characterized by infiltration of the bronchial mucosa by large numbers of proinflammatory cells, amongst which the eosinophil is prominent despite being a minority constituent of circulating leukocytes. Crucial steps in eosinophilic inflammation include augmented production of eosinophils in the bone marrow, their increased release into the circulation, and their selective accumulation in the conducting airways. The eosinophil has a potent armory of proinflammatory mediators, including cytotoxic granule proteins, cytokines and lipid mediators with considerable potential to initiate and sustain an inflammatory response. Thus there is much interest in the elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for eosinophil accumulation, persistence, activation and ultimate fate. This article reviews our current understanding of the role of the eosinophil in human disease and the immunobiology of this important proinflammatory cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Walsh
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Foresterhill, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fahy O, Tsicopoulos A, Hammad H, Pestel J, Tonnel AB, Wallaert B. Effects of diesel organic extracts on chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103:1115-24. [PMID: 10359894 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are found in the atmospheric urban pollution. Such compounds have been shown to favor IgE production, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Chemokines are a group of chemotactic cytokines involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of DEP-PAHs on the release and mRNA expression of IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES by PBMCs obtained from healthy subjects. METHODS Protein production in supernatants was assessed by ELISA, and mRNA expression was evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Secretion of IL-8 and RANTES increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of DEP-PAHs (range, 0.5 ng to 50 ng/mL). On the contrary, the release of MCP-1 was significantly inhibited, also in a dose-dependent manner. Messenger RNA production coding for IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1 showed parallel variations to the production of the correspondent proteins. Effects of DEP-PAHs became significant at 7 hours and up to 48 hours time culture for MCP-1, and up to 24 hours time culture for IL-8 and RANTES. Moreover, supernatants from DEP-PAH-activated cells, compared with those of controls, exhibited a significantly enhanced chemotactic activity for neutrophils and eosinophils, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with anti-IL-8 and anti-RANTES neutralizing antibodies, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the chemokine pathways are modulated by DEP-PAHs at the transcriptional level, reinforcing the idea that the development of inflammatory reactions might be affected by diesel exhaust emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Fahy
- Unité INSERM U-416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|