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Cappenberg A, Kardell M, Zarbock A. Selectin-Mediated Signaling-Shedding Light on the Regulation of Integrin Activity in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081310. [PMID: 35455989 PMCID: PMC9025114 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of tissue injury or infection, neutrophils are recruited in a stepwise recruitment process from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissue. Selectins are a family of adhesion molecules comprised of L-, E-, and P-selectin. Differences in expression patterns, protein structure, and ligand binding characteristics mediate distinct functions of each selectin. Interactions of selectins and their counter-receptors mediate the first contact of neutrophils with the endothelium, as well as subsequent neutrophil rolling along the endothelial surface. For efficient neutrophil recruitment, activation of β2-integrins on the cell surface is essential. Integrin activation can be elicited via selectin- as well as chemokine-mediated inside-out signaling resulting in integrin conformational changes and clustering. Dysregulation of selectin-induced integrin activation on neutrophils is involved in the development of severe pathological disease conditions including leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndromes in humans. Here, we review molecular mechanisms involved in selectin-mediated signaling pathways in neutrophils and their impact on integrin activation, neutrophil recruitment, and inflammatory diseases.
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Xu X, Xu J, Wu J, Hu Y, Han Y, Gu Y, Zhao K, Zhang Q, Liu X, Liu J, Liu B, Cao X. Phosphorylation-Mediated IFN-γR2 Membrane Translocation Is Required to Activate Macrophage Innate Response. Cell 2018; 175:1336-1351.e17. [PMID: 30318148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As a critical step during innate response, the cytoplasmic β subunit (IFN-γR2) of interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR) is induced and translocates to plasma membrane to join α subunit to form functional IFN-γR to mediate IFN-γ signaling. However, the mechanism driving membrane translocation and its significance remain largely unknown. We found, unexpectedly, that mice deficient in E-selectin, an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule, displayed impaired innate activation of macrophages upon Listeria monocytogenes infection yet had increased circulating IFN-γ. Inflammatory macrophages from E-selectin-deficient mice had less surface IFN-γR2 and impaired IFN-γ signaling. BTK elicited by extrinsic E-selectin engagement phosphorylates cytoplasmic IFN-γR2, facilitating EFhd2 binding and promoting IFN-γR2 trafficking from Golgi to cell membrane. Our findings demonstrate that membrane translocation of cytoplasmic IFN-γR2 is required to activate macrophage innate response against intracellular bacterial infection, identifying the assembly of functional cytokine receptors on cell membrane as an important layer in innate activation and cytokine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100024 Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China; College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China.
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3
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Zhang C, Neelamegham S. Application of microfluidic devices in studies of thrombosis and hemostasis. Platelets 2017; 28:434-440. [PMID: 28580870 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1319047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of fluid flow during thrombotic episodes, it is quite appropriate to study clotting and bleeding processes in devices that have well-defined fluid shear environments. Two common devices for applying these defined shear stresses include the cone-and-plate viscometer and parallel-plate flow chamber. While such tools have many salient features, they require large amounts of blood or other protein components. With growth in the area of microfluidics over the last two decades, it has become feasible to miniaturize such flow devices. Such miniaturization not only enables saving of precious samples but also increases the throughput of fluid shear devices, thus enabling the design of combinatorial experiments and making the technique more accessible to the larger scientific community. In addition to simple flows that are common in traditional flow apparatus, more complex geometries that mimic stenosed arteries and the human microvasculature can also be generated. The composition of the microfluidics cell substrate can also be varied for diverse basic science investigations, and clinical investigations that aim to assay either individual patient coagulopathy or response to anti-coagulation treatment. This review summarizes the current state of the art for such microfluidic devices and their applications in the field of thrombosis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Zhang
- a Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Clinical & Translational Research Center , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- a Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Clinical & Translational Research Center , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Hou HW, Petchakup C, Tay HM, Tam ZY, Dalan R, Chew DEK, Li KHH, Boehm BO. Rapid and label-free microfluidic neutrophil purification and phenotyping in diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29410. [PMID: 27381673 PMCID: PMC4933935 DOI: 10.1038/srep29410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced management of dysmetabolic syndromes such as diabetes will benefit from a timely mechanistic insight enabling personalized medicine approaches. Herein, we present a rapid microfluidic neutrophil sorting and functional phenotyping strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using small blood volumes (fingerprick ~100 μL). The developed inertial microfluidics technology enables single-step neutrophil isolation (>90% purity) without immuno-labeling and sorted neutrophils are used to characterize their rolling behavior on E-selectin, a critical step in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. The integrated microfluidics testing methodology facilitates high throughput single-cell quantification of neutrophil rolling to detect subtle differences in speed distribution. Higher rolling speed was observed in T2DM patients (P < 0.01) which strongly correlated with neutrophil activation, rolling ligand P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) expression, as well as established cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and HbA1c). Rolling phenotype can be modulated by common disease risk modifiers (metformin and pravastatin). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed neutrophil rolling as an important functional phenotype in T2DM diagnostics. These results suggest a new point-of-care testing methodology, and neutrophil rolling speed as a functional biomarker for rapid profiling of dysmetabolic subjects in clinical and patient-oriented settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yang Tam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Kwang Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Imperial College London, UK
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5
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Hughes AD, Marsh G, Waugh RE, Foster DG, King MR. Halloysite Nanotube Coatings Suppress Leukocyte Spreading. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13553-13560. [PMID: 26605493 PMCID: PMC5097672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale topography of adhesive surfaces is known to be an important factor governing cellular behavior. Previous work has shown that surface coatings composed of halloysite nanotubes enhance the adhesion, and therefore capture of, rare target cells such as circulating tumor cells. Here we demonstrate a unique feature of these coatings in their ability to reduce the adhesion of leukocytes and prevent leukocyte spreading. Surfaces were prepared with coatings of halloysite nanotubes and functionalized for leukocyte adhesion with E-selectin, and the dilution of nanotube concentration revealed a threshold concentration below which cell spreading became comparable to smooth surfaces. Evaluation of surface roughness characteristics determined that the average distance between discrete surface features correlated with adhesion metrics, with a separation distance of ∼2 μm identified as the critical threshold. Computational modeling of the interaction of leukocytes with halloysite nanotube-coated surfaces of varying concentrations demonstrates that the geometry of the cell surface and adhesive counter-surface produces a significantly diminished effective contact area compared to a leukocyte interacting with a smooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Graham Marsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627
| | - David G. Foster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
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6
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Ghasemzadeh M, Hosseini E. Platelet-leukocyte crosstalk: Linking proinflammatory responses to procoagulant state. Thromb Res 2012; 131:191-7. [PMID: 23260445 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation is known to be associated with the release of a vast array of chemokines and proinflammatory lipids which induce pleiotropic effects on a wide variety of tissues and cells, including leukocytes. During thrombosis, the recruitment of leukocytes to activated platelets is considered an important step which not only links thrombosis to inflammatory responses but may also enhance procoagulant state. This phenomenon is highly regulated and influenced by precise mutual interactions between the cells at site of vascular injury and thrombi formation. Platelet-leukocyte interaction involves a variety of mediators including adhesion molecules, chemokines and chemoattractant molecules, shed proteins, various proinflammatory lipids and other materials. The current review addresses the detailed mechanisms underlying platelet-leukocyte crosstalk. This includes their adhesive interactions, transcellular metabolisms, induced tissue factor activity and neutrophil extracellular traps formation as well as the impacts of these phenomena in modulation of the proinflammatory and procoagulant functions in a reciprocal manner that enhances the physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Block H, Zarbock A. The role of the tec kinase Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in leukocyte recruitment. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 31:104-18. [PMID: 22449072 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.668982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue is a key component of the immune system. The activation of integrins on leukocytes is required for their recruitment into the inflamed tissue. Btk is a cytoplasmic nonreceptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec-kinase family. It plays a key role in B-cell development and function, and recently published studies revealed important roles of Btk in myeloid cells. Btk might be activated through a variety of receptors leading to activation of integrins as the pivotal element in leukocyte recruitment. This review focuses on the role of Btk in B-lymphocyte homing and in neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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8
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HECA-452 is a non-function blocking antibody for isolated sialyl Lewis x adhesion to endothelial expressed E-selectin under flow conditions. J Immunol Methods 2012; 384:43-50. [PMID: 22820001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin, expressed on inflamed endothelium, and sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)), present on the surface of leukocytes, play a key role in leukocyte-endothelial interactions during leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. HECA-452 is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes sLe(x) and is routinely used by investigators from diverse fields who seek to unravel the mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion. The data regarding the ability of HECA-452 to inhibit carbohydrate-mediated leukocyte adhesion to E-selectin remains conflicted, in part due to the presence of a variety of potential E-selectin reactive moieties on leukocytes. Recognizing this, we utilized a complementary approach to gain insight into HECA-452 adhesion assays. Specifically, we used sLe(x) microspheres to investigate the hypothesis that HECA-452 is a non-function blocking mAb for isolated sLe(x) mediated adhesion to endothelial expressed E-selectin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that HECA-452 recognizes and binds to the sLe(x) microspheres. Perfusion of the sLe(x) microspheres over human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at 1.5 dyn/cm² revealed that the microspheres attach to 4h interleukin (IL)-1β activated HUVEC specifically via E-selectin. Pretreatment of the sLe(x) microspheres with HECA-452 did not influence sLe(x) microsphere initial tethering and accumulation on IL-1β activated HUVEC. Neuraminidase and fucosidase treatments of sLe(x) microspheres revealed that sialic acid and fucose are required for E-selectin binding, whereas HECA-452 recognition of sLe(x) does not depend on the fucose moiety to the extent required for E-selectin recognition. This latter finding suggests there are potential subtle differences between the sLe(x) antigens for E-selectin and HECA-452. Combined, the data indicate that HECA-452 is a non-inhibitor of sLe(x)-mediated adhesion to endothelial expressed E-selectin.
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9
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Chase SD, Magnani JL, Simon SI. E-selectin ligands as mechanosensitive receptors on neutrophils in health and disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:849-59. [PMID: 22271244 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of mechanical force to bonds between selectins and their ligands is a requirement for these adhesion receptors to optimally perform functions that include leukocyte tethering and activation of stable adhesion. Although all three selectins are reported to signal from the outside-in subsequent to ligand binding, E-selectin is unique in its capacity to bind multiple sialyl Lewis x presenting ligands and mediate slow rolling on the order of a micron per second. A diverse set of ligands are recognized by E-selectin in the mouse, including ESL-1, CD44 (HCELL), and PSGL-1 which are critical in transition from slow rolling to arrest and for efficient transendothelial migration. The molecular recognition process is different in humans as L-selectin is a major ligand, which along with glycolipids constitute more than half of the E-selectin receptors on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In addition, E-selectin is most efficient at raising the affinity and avidity of CD18 integrins that supports PMN deceleration and trafficking to sites of acute inflammation. The mechanism is only partially understood but known to involve a rise in cytosolic calcium and tyrosine phosphorylation that activates p38 MAP kinase and Syk kinase, both of which transduce signals from clustered E-selectin ligands. In this review we highlight the molecular recognition and mechanical requirements of this process to reveal how E-selectin confers selectivity and efficiency of signaling for extravasation at sites of inflammation and the mechanism of action of a new glycomimetic antagonist targeted to the lectin domain that has shown efficacy in blocking neutrophil activation and adhesion on inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Chase
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Leukocyte ligands for endothelial selectins: specialized glycoconjugates that mediate rolling and signaling under flow. Blood 2011; 118:6743-51. [PMID: 22021370 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-343566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible interactions of glycoconjugates on leukocytes with P- and E-selectin on endothelial cells mediate tethering and rolling of leukocytes in inflamed vascular beds, the first step in their recruitment to sites of injury. Although selectin ligands on hematopoietic precursors have been identified, here we review evidence that PSGL-1, CD44, and ESL-1 on mature leukocytes are physiologic glycoprotein ligands for endothelial selectins. Each ligand has specialized adhesive functions during tethering and rolling. Furthermore, PSGL-1 and CD44 induce signals that activate the β2 integrin LFA-1 and promote slow rolling, whereas ESL-1 induces signals that activate the β2 integrin Mac-1 in adherent neutrophils. We also review evidence for glycolipids, CD43, L-selectin, and other glycoconjugates as potential physiologic ligands for endothelial selectins on neutrophils or lymphocytes. Although the physiologic characterization of these ligands has been obtained in mice, we also note reported similarities and differences with human selectin ligands.
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Prabhakarpandian B, Shen MC, Pant K, Kiani MF. Microfluidic devices for modeling cell-cell and particle-cell interactions in the microvasculature. Microvasc Res 2011; 82:210-20. [PMID: 21763328 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-fluid and cell-cell interactions are critical components of many physiological and pathological conditions in the microvasculature. Similarly, particle-cell interactions play an important role in targeted delivery of therapeutics to tissue. Development of in vitro fluidic devices to mimic these microcirculatory processes has been a critical step forward in our understanding of the inflammatory process, developing of nano-particulate drug carriers, and developing realistic in vitro models of the microvasculature and its surrounding tissue. However, widely used parallel plate flow based devices and assays have a number of important limitations for studying the physiological conditions in vivo. In addition, these devices are resource hungry and time consuming for performing various assays. Recently developed, more realistic, microfluidic based devices have been able to overcome many of these limitations. In this review, an overview of the fluidic devices and their use in studying the effects of shear forces on cell-cell and cell-particle interactions is presented. In addition, use of mathematical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based models for interpreting the complex flow patterns in the microvasculature is highlighted. Finally, the potential of 3D microfluidic devices and imaging for better representing in vivo conditions under which cell-cell and cell-particle interactions take place is discussed.
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Zarbock A, Ley K. Protein tyrosine kinases in neutrophil activation and recruitment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:112-9. [PMID: 21338576 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Migration of leukocytes into tissue is a key element of innate and adaptive immunity. The first contact of leukocytes with endothelial cells is mediated by engagement of selectins with their counter-receptors which results in leukocyte rolling. During rolling, leukocytes collect different inflammatory signals that activate intracellular signaling pathways. Integration of these signals induces leukocyte activation, firm arrest, post-adhesion strengthening, intravascular crawling, and transmigration. In neutrophils, like in T-cells and platelets, both G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent and -independent activation pathways exist that lead to integrin activation. Accumulating evidence suggests that different protein tyrosine kinases play key roles in signal transduction pathways regulating neutrophil activation and recruitment to inflammatory sites. This review focuses on the role of protein tyrosine kinases of the Src, Syk, and Tec families for neutrophil activation and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
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13
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Tyrosine kinase Btk regulates E-selectin-mediated integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment by controlling phospholipase C (PLC) gamma2 and PI3Kgamma pathways. Blood 2010; 115:3118-27. [PMID: 20167705 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-11-254185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins mediate leukocyte rolling, trigger beta(2)-integrin activation, and promote leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue. E-selectin binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) leads to activation of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-dependent pathway, which in turn activates the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). However, the signaling pathway linking Syk to integrin activation after E-selectin engagement is unknown. To identify the pathway, we used different gene-deficient mice in autoperfused flow chamber, intravital microscopy, peritonitis, and biochemical studies. We report here that the signaling pathway downstream of Syk divides into a phospholipase C (PLC) gamma2- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gamma-dependent pathway. The Tec family kinase Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is required for activating both pathways, generating inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), and inducing E-selectin-mediated slow rolling. Inhibition of this signal-transduction pathway diminished Galpha(i)-independent leukocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelial cells in inflamed postcapillary venules of the cremaster. Galpha(i)-independent neutrophil recruitment into the inflamed peritoneal cavity was reduced in Btk(-/-) and Plcg2(-/-) mice. Our data demonstrate the functional importance of this newly identified signaling pathway mediated by E-selectin engagement.
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14
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Zarbock A, Müller H, Kuwano Y, Ley K. PSGL-1-dependent myeloid leukocyte activation. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:1119-24. [PMID: 19703898 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0209117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions mediating leukocyte recruitment and inflammation are crucial for host defense. Leukocyte recruitment into injured tissue proceeds in a multistep process. The first contact of leukocytes with endothelial cells ("capturing" or "tethering") is mediated by selectins and their counter-receptor P-selectin glyco-protein ligand (PSGL)-1. During capture and rolling, leukocytes collect different inflammatory signals, which can activate various pathways. Integration of these signals leads to leukocyte activation, integrin-mediated arrest, cytoskeleton rearrangement, polarization, and transmigration. PSGL-1 on leukocytes also binds to activated platelets, where P-selectin is expressed at locally high site densities following alpha-granule fusion with the plasma membrane. Here, we review the signaling functions of PSGL-1 and speculate how the different known signaling events might relate to different phases of leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment into inflamed tissue in response to injury or infection is tightly regulated. Reduced neutrophil recruitment can result in a reduced ability to fight invading microorganisms. During inflammation, neutrophils roll along the endothelial wall of postcapillary venules and integrate inflammatory signals. Neutrophil activation by selectins and chemokines regulates integrin adhesiveness. Binding of activated integrins to their counter-receptors on endothelial cells induces neutrophil arrest and firm adhesion. Adherent neutrophils can be further activated to undergo cytoskeletal rearrangement, crawling, transmigration, superoxide production, and respiratory burst. Signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors, selectin ligands, Fc receptors and outside-in signaling through integrins are all involved in neutrophil activation, but their interplay in the multistep process of recruitment is only beginning to emerge. This review provides an overview of signaling in rolling and adherent neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Zarbock A, Ley K. New insights into leukocyte recruitment by intravital microscopy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 334:129-52. [PMID: 19521684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-93864-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation requires adhesion to and transmigration through the blood vessel wall. Recent progress in optical equipment and new genetic and molecular tools have revealed additional steps in the leukocyte adhesion cascade beyond rolling, adhesion, and transmigration. In vivo studies using intravital microscopy (IVM) were essential for the discovery of slow rolling, postadhesion strengthening, intraluminal crawling, and different routes of transmigration. IVM revealed unique features of leukocyte recruitment in different organs. This review focuses on insights into the leukocyte adhesion cascade gained by IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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17
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Prabhakarpandian B, Pant K, Scott RC, Pattillo CB, Irimia D, Kiani MF, Sundaram S. Synthetic microvascular networks for quantitative analysis of particle adhesion. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:585-95. [PMID: 18327641 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a methodology to study particle adhesion in the microvascular environment using microfluidic, image-derived microvascular networks on a chip accompanied by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of fluid flow and particle adhesion. Microfluidic networks, obtained from digitization of in vivo microvascular topology were prototyped using soft-lithography techniques to obtain semicircular cross sectional microvascular networks in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Dye perfusion studies indicated the presence of well-perfused as well as stagnant regions in a given network. Furthermore, microparticle adhesion to antibody coated networks was found to be spatially non-uniform as well. These findings were broadly corroborated in the CFD analyses. Detailed information on shear rates and particle fluxes in the entire network, obtained from the CFD models, were used to show global adhesion trends to be qualitatively consistent with current knowledge obtained using flow chambers. However, in comparison with a flow chamber, this method represents and incorporates elements of size and complex morphology of the microvasculature. Particle adhesion was found to be significantly localized near the bifurcations in comparison with the straight sections over the entire network, an effect not observable with flow chambers. In addition, the microvascular network chips are resource effective by providing data on particle adhesion over physiologically relevant shear range from even a single experiment. The microfluidic microvascular networks developed in this study can be readily used to gain fundamental insights into the processes leading to particle adhesion in the microvasculature.
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Critical Role of Mac-1 Sialyl Lewis X Moieties in Regulating Neutrophil Degranulation and Transmigration. J Mol Biol 2007; 374:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Zarbock A, Lowell CA, Ley K. Spleen tyrosine kinase Syk is necessary for E-selectin-induced alpha(L)beta(2) integrin-mediated rolling on intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Immunity 2007; 26:773-83. [PMID: 17543554 PMCID: PMC2600878 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of neutrophils by E-selectin results in integrin activation. Here, we investigated primary mouse neutrophils in whole blood by using intravital microscopy and autoperfused flow chambers. Slow rolling on E-selectin coimmobilized with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) required P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1, was dependent on alpha(L)beta(2) integrin (LFA-1), and required continuous E-selectin engagement. Slow rolling was abolished by pharmacological blockade of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and was absent in Syk(-/-) bone-marrow chimeric mice. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha lowered rolling velocity further and induced CXC chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL1) and CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2)-dependent leukocyte arrest on E-selectin and ICAM-1. Arrest but not rolling was blocked by an allosteric inhibitor of LFA-1 activation. Neutrophil recruitment in a thioglycollate-induced peritonitis model was almost completely inhibited in Selplg(-/-) mice or Syk(-/-) bone-marrow chimeras treated with pertussis toxin. This identifies a second neutrophil-activation pathway that is as important as activation through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Ley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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20
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Liang S, Slattery MJ, Dong C. Shear stress and shear rate differentially affect the multi-step process of leukocyte-facilitated melanoma adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2005; 310:282-92. [PMID: 16154563 PMCID: PMC2778855 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that neutrophils (PMNs) facilitate melanoma cell extravasation [M.J. Slattery, C. Dong, Neutrophils influence melanoma adhesion and migration under flow conditions, Intl. J. Cancer 106 (2003) 713-722] Little is known, however, about the specific interactions between PMNs, melanoma and the endothelium (EC) or the molecular mechanism involved under flow conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate a "two-step adhesion" hypothesis that involves initial PMN tethering on the EC and subsequent melanoma cells being captured by tethered PMNs. Different effects of hydrodynamic shear stress and shear rate were analyzed using a parallel-plate flow chamber. Results indicate a novel finding that PMN-facilitated melanoma cell arrest on the EC is modulated by shear rate, which is inversely-proportional to cell-cell contact time, rather than by the shear stress, which is proportional to the force exerted on formed bonds. Beta2 integrins/ICAM-1 adhesion mechanisms were examined and the results indicate LFA-1 and Mac-1 cooperate to mediate the PMN-EC-melanoma interactions under shear conditions. In addition, endogenously produced IL-8 contributes to PMN-facilitated melanoma arrest on the EC through the CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2) on PMN. These results provide new evidence for the complex role of hemodynamic forces, secreted chemokines and PMN-melanoma adhesion in the recruitment of metastatic cancer cells to the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Liang
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6804, USA
| | - Margaret J. Slattery
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6804, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6804, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6804, USA
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21
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Ridger VC, Hellewell PG, Norman KE. L- and P-selectins collaborate to support leukocyte rolling in vivo when high-affinity P-selectin-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 interaction is inhibited. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:945-52. [PMID: 15743805 PMCID: PMC1602366 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) binding to P-selectin controls early leukocyte rolling during inflammation. Interestingly, antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors (eg, rPSGL-Ig) that target the N-terminus of PSGL-1 reduce but do not abolish P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in vivo whereas PSGL-1-deficient mice have almost no P-selectin-dependent rolling. We have investigated mechanisms of P-selectin-dependent, PSGL-1-independent rolling using intravital microscopy. Initially we used fluorescent microspheres to study the potential of L-selectin and the minimal selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) to interact with postcapillary venules in the absence of PSGL-1. Microspheres coated with combinations of L-selectin and sLe(x) interacted with surgically stimulated cremaster venules in a P-selectin-dependent manner. Microspheres coated with either L-selectin or sLe(x) alone showed less evidence of interaction. We also investigated leukocyte rolling in the presence of PSGL-1 antibody or inhibitor (rPSGL-Ig), both of which partially inhibited P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling. Residual rolling was substantially inhibited by L-selectin-blocking antibody or a previously described sLe(x) mimetic (CGP69669A). Together these data suggest that leukocytes can continue to roll in the absence of optimal P-selectin/PSGL-1 interaction using an alternative mechanism that involves P-selectin-, L-selectin-, and sLe(x)-bearing ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Ridger
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Zou X, Shinde Patil VR, Dagia NM, Smith LA, Wargo MJ, Interliggi KA, Lloyd CM, Tees DFJ, Walcheck B, Lawrence MB, Goetz DJ. PSGL-1 derived from human neutrophils is a high-efficiency ligand for endothelium-expressed E-selectin under flow. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C415-24. [PMID: 15814589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been proposed as an important tethering ligand for E-selectin and is expressed at a modest level on human leukocytes. Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x))-like glycans bind to E-selectin and are expressed at a relatively high level on circulating leukocytes. It is unclear whether PSGL-1 has unique biochemical attributes that contribute to its role as an E-selectin ligand. To probe this issue, we conjugated microspheres with either sLe(x) or PSGL-1 purified from myeloid cells (neutrophils and HL-60) and compared their adhesion to endothelial expressed E-selectin under defined shear conditions. We found that both sLe(x) and PSGL-1 microspheres adhere to 4 h of IL-1beta-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells predominantly through E-selectin. Analysis of the adhesion revealed that the rate of initial tethering of the PSGL-1 microspheres to E-selectin was significantly greater than the rate of initial tethering of the sLe(x) microspheres despite the fact that the sLe(x) microspheres tested had higher ligand densities than the PSGL-1 microspheres. We also found that pretreatment of the PSGL-1 or sLe(x) microspheres with HECA-452 had no significant effect on initial tethering to E-selectin. These results support the hypotheses that 1) PSGL-1 is a high-efficiency tethering ligand for E-selectin, 2) ligand biochemistry can significantly influence initial tethering to E-selectin, and 3) PSGL-1 tethering to E-selectin can occur via non-HECA-452 reactive epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 172 Stocker Center, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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23
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Zanardo RCO, Bonder CS, Hwang JM, Andonegui G, Liu L, Vestweber D, Zbytnuik L, Kubes P. A down-regulatable E-selectin ligand is functionally important for PSGL-1-independent leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Blood 2004; 104:3766-73. [PMID: 15304396 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1) supports P-selectin-dependent rolling in vivo and in vitro. However, controversy exists regarding the importance of PSGL-1-dependent and -independent E-selectin rolling. Using antibodies against PSGL-1 and PSGL-1(-/-) mice, we demonstrated abolition of P-selectin-dependent rolling but only partial inhibition of E-selectin-mediated rolling in the cremaster microcirculation following local administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In vitro studies demonstrated that binding of recombinant mouse E-selectin chimera to PSGL-1(-/-) neutrophils was dramatically decreased in mice treated systemically but not locally with TNF-alpha. Further, PSGL-1 blockade abolished E-selectin-dependent rolling in wild-type mice following systemic TNF-alpha administration but not local TNF-alpha administration. Together, these data support an E-selectin ligand present on PSGL-1(-/-) neutrophils that is down-regulatable upon systemic but not local activation. To determine whether the PSGL-1-independent E-selectin ligand was physiologically important, we used a P- and E-selectin-dependent cutaneous contact hypersensitivity model. Binding studies showed no E-selectin ligand down-regulation in this model. The few cells that rolled on E-selectin ligand following PSGL-1 antibody administration or in PSGL-1 deficiency were sufficient to induce profound contact hypersensitivity. In conclusion, E-selectin mediates PSGL-1-dependent and independent rolling and the latter can be down-regulated by systemic activation and can replace PSGL-1 to support the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C O Zanardo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1
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Yun YH, Goetz DJ, Yellen P, Chen W. Hyaluronan microspheres for sustained gene delivery and site-specific targeting. Biomaterials 2004; 25:147-57. [PMID: 14580918 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a naturally occurring polymer that has enjoyed wide successes in biomedical and cosmetic applications as coatings, matrices, and hydrogels. For controlled delivery applications, formulating native hyaluronan into microspheres could be advantageous but has been difficult to process unless organic solvents are used or hyaluronan has been modified by etherification. Therefore, we present a novel method of preparing hyaluronan microspheres using adipic dihydrazide mediated crosslinking chemistry. To evaluate their potential for medical applications, hyaluronan microspheres are incorporated with DNA for gene delivery or conjugated with an antigen for cell-specific targeting. The results show that our method, originally developed for preparing hyaluronan hydrogels, generates robust microspheres with a size distribution of 5-20mum. The release of the encapsulated plasmid DNA can be sustained for months and is capable of transfection in vitro and in vivo. Hyaluronan microspheres, conjugated with monoclonal antibodies to E- and P-selectin, demonstrate selective binding to cells expressing these receptors. In conclusion, we have developed a novel microsphere preparation using native hyaluronan that delivers DNA at a controlled rate and adaptable for site-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang H Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York, 348 Psychology A Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2580, USA
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25
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Burch EE, Shinde Patil VR, Camphausen RT, Kiani MF, Goetz DJ. The N-terminal peptide of PSGL-1 can mediate adhesion to trauma-activated endothelium via P-selectin in vivo. Blood 2002; 100:531-8. [PMID: 12091345 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is present on leukocytes and is the major ligand for endothelial expressed P-selectin. A variety of studies strongly suggests that the N-terminal region of PSGL-1 contains the binding site for P-selectin. We hypothesized that this relatively small N-terminal peptide of PSGL-1 is sufficient to support adhesion to P-selectin in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we coated 2 microm-diameter microspheres with a recombinant PSGL-1 construct, termed 19.ek.Fc. The 19.ek.Fc construct consists of the first 19 N-terminal amino acids of mature PSGL-1 linked to an enterokinase cleavage site that, in turn, is linked to human immunoglobulin G Fc. The 19.ek.Fc-coated microspheres were injected into the jugular vein of mice. Intravital microscopy of postcapillary venules within the cremaster muscle of mice revealed that a significantly greater number of 19.ek.Fc microspheres rolled compared with control microspheres. The number of rolling 19.ek.Fc microspheres was significantly diminished by pretreatment of the mice with a monoclonal antibody to P-selectin or by pretreatment of the 19.ek.Fc microspheres with a monoclonal antibody to PSGL-1. Combined, the results indicate that the N-terminal peptide of PSGL-1 can mediate adhesion to trauma-activated microvascular endothelium via P-selectin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Burch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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26
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Listinsky JJ, Listinsky CM, Alapati V, Siegal GP. Cell surface fucose ablation as a therapeutic strategy for malignant neoplasms. Adv Anat Pathol 2001; 8:330-7. [PMID: 11707624 DOI: 10.1097/00125480-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar alpha-L-fucose is overexpressed in many human malignancies, especially on specific glycoproteins, glycolipids, certain mucins, and putative cell adhesion ligands found on cancer cell surfaces. Many of these molecules are known or suspected mediators of cell-cell adhesion, cell signaling, motility, or invasion. As knowledge of fucose metabolism evolves and specific mechanisms of its distribution and incorporation are more exactly documented, modulation of fucose expression in cancer is becoming increasingly more feasible. The authors propose that cancer cell surface alpha-L-fucose is a logical target for selective therapeutic ablation. Reduction of fucose content on the surfaces of malignant cells should effectively cripple the cells' physiologic functions by altering or dysregulating cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, critical for maintaining the malignant phenotype. Significant therapeutic benefits might include modulation of adhesion abnormalities in the cancer cells, reduction of cancer cell motility or invasiveness, reexposure to immune surveillance, or a combination of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Listinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA
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27
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PRABHAKARPANDIAN BALABHASKAR, GOETZ DOUGLASJ, SWERLICK ROBERTA, CHEN XIN, KIANI MOHAMMADF. Expression and Functional Significance of Adhesion Molecules on Cultured Endothelial Cells in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Microcirculation 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Dickerson JB, Blackwell JE, Ou JJ, Shinde Patil VR, Goetz DJ. Limited adhesion of biodegradable microspheres to E- and P-selectin under flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 73:500-9. [PMID: 11344455 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a variety of disease settings the expression of the endothelial selectins E- and P-selectin appears to be increased. This feature makes these molecules attractive targets around which to design directed drug-delivery schemes. One possible approach for achieving such delivery is to use polymeric biodegradable microspheres bearing a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) for E- and P-selectin, MAb HuEP5C7.g2. Perhaps the simplest technique for "coupling" HuEP5C7.g2 to the microspheres is via nonspecific adsorption. Previous studies suggest, however, that the adsorption of proteins onto microspheres fabricated in the presence of a stabilizer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is limited. It is unclear to what extent this limited level of adsorbed HuEP5C7.g2 would be able to support adhesion to E- and P-selectin under flow conditions. To explore this issue, we prepared microspheres from the biodegradable polymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), using a single emulsion process and PVA as a stabilizer. We then incubated the PCL microspheres with HuEP5C7.g2 and studied the adhesion of the resulting HuEP5C7.g2 microspheres to E- and P-selectin under in vitro flow conditions. We found that the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit specific adhesion to Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing P-selectin (CHO-P) and 4-h IL-1beta-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In contrast, HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit little adhesion to parental CHO cells or unactivated HUVEC. The attachment efficiency to the selectin substrates was quite low, with appreciable attachment occurring only at low shear (0.3 dyn/cm(2)). Other supporting data strongly suggest that the limited attachment efficiency is due to a low level of HuEP5C7.g2 adsorbed to the PCL microspheres. Although the attachment was limited, a significant percentage of the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres were able to remain adherent at relatively high shear (8 dyn/cm(2)). Combined, our data suggest that HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit selective limited adhesion to cellular substrate expressing E- and P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Dickerson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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29
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Burdick MM, McCarty OJ, Jadhav S, Konstantopoulos K. Cell-cell interactions in inflammation and cancer metastasis. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE : THE QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF THE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY SOCIETY 2001; 20:86-91. [PMID: 11446216 DOI: 10.1109/51.932731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Burdick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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30
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Shinde Patil VR, Campbell CJ, Yun YH, Slack SM, Goetz DJ. Particle diameter influences adhesion under flow. Biophys J 2001; 80:1733-43. [PMID: 11259287 PMCID: PMC1301363 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diameter of circulating cells that may adhere to the vascular endothelium spans an order of magnitude from approximately 2 microm (e.g., platelets) to approximately 20 microm (e.g., a metastatic cell). Although mathematical models indicate that the adhesion exhibited by a cell will be a function of cell diameter, there have been few experimental investigations into the role of cell diameter in adhesion. Thus, in this study, we coated 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-microm-diameter microspheres with the recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 construct 19.ek.Fc. We compared the adhesion of the 19.ek.Fc microspheres to P-selectin under in vitro flow conditions. We found that 1) at relatively high shear, the rate of attachment of the 19.ek.Fc microspheres decreased with increasing microsphere diameter whereas, at a lower shear, the rate of attachment was not affected by the microsphere diameter; 2) the shear stress required to set in motion a firmly adherent 19.ek.Fc microsphere decreased with increasing microsphere diameter; and 3) the rolling velocity of the 19.ek.Fc microspheres increased with increasing microsphere diameter. These results suggest that attachment, rolling, and firm adhesion are functions of particle diameter and provide experimental proof for theoretical models that indicate a role for cell diameter in adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Shinde Patil
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens 45701, USA
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31
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Abstract
AbstractSelectin-dependent rolling is the earliest observable event in the recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Several glycoproteins decorated with sialic acid, fucose, and/or sulfate have been shown to bind the selectins. The best-characterized selectin ligand is P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1) that supports P-selectin– dependent rolling in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies have suggested that PSGL-1 may also be a ligand for E- and L-selectins. To study the in vivo function of PSGL-1, without the influence of other leukocyte proteins, the authors observed the interaction of PSGL-1–coated microspheres in mouse venules stimulated to express P- and/or E-selectin. Microspheres coated with functional recombinant PSGL-1 rolled in surgically stimulated and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-stimulated mouse venules. P-selectin deficiency or inhibition abolished microsphere rolling in surgically and TNFα-stimulated venules, whereas E-selectin deficiency or inhibition increased microsphere rolling velocity in TNFα-stimulated venules. The results suggest that P-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction alone is sufficient to mediate rolling in vivo and that E-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction supports slow rolling.
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32
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Abstract
Selectin-dependent rolling is the earliest observable event in the recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Several glycoproteins decorated with sialic acid, fucose, and/or sulfate have been shown to bind the selectins. The best-characterized selectin ligand is P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1) that supports P-selectin– dependent rolling in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies have suggested that PSGL-1 may also be a ligand for E- and L-selectins. To study the in vivo function of PSGL-1, without the influence of other leukocyte proteins, the authors observed the interaction of PSGL-1–coated microspheres in mouse venules stimulated to express P- and/or E-selectin. Microspheres coated with functional recombinant PSGL-1 rolled in surgically stimulated and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-stimulated mouse venules. P-selectin deficiency or inhibition abolished microsphere rolling in surgically and TNFα-stimulated venules, whereas E-selectin deficiency or inhibition increased microsphere rolling velocity in TNFα-stimulated venules. The results suggest that P-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction alone is sufficient to mediate rolling in vivo and that E-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction supports slow rolling.
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33
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Literature alerts. J Microencapsul 2000; 17:789-99. [PMID: 11063426 DOI: 10.1080/02652040050161783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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