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Childers W, Fan R, Martinez R, Colussi DJ, Melenski E, Liu Y, Gordon J, Abou-Gharbia M, Jacobson MA. Novel compounds that reverse the disease phenotype in Type 2 Gaucher disease patient-derived cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126806. [PMID: 31757667 PMCID: PMC7569734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) results from inherited mutations in the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerobrosidase (GCase). Currently available treatment options for Type 1 GD are not efficacious for treating neuronopathic Type 2 and 3 GD due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In an effort to identify small molecules which could be optimized for CNS penetration we identified tamoxifen from a high throughput phenotypic screen on Type 2 GD patient-derived fibroblasts which reversed the disease phenotype. Structure activity studies around this scaffold led to novel molecules that displayed improved potency, efficacy and reduced estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity compared to the original hits. Here we present the design, synthesis and structure activity relationships that led to the lead molecule Compound 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Rong Fan
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rogelio Martinez
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dennis J Colussi
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Edward Melenski
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John Gordon
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marlene A Jacobson
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Phillips DH, Hewer A, Horton MN, Cole KJ, Carmichael PL, Davis W, Osborne MR. N-demethylation accompanies alpha-hydroxylation in the metabolic activation of tamoxifen in rat liver cells. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:2003-9. [PMID: 10506117 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.10.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that a major route of activation of tamoxifen to DNA-binding products in rat liver cells is via alpha-hydroxylation leading to modification of the N(2)-position of guanine in DNA and to a lesser extent the N(6)-position of adenine. Improved resolution by HPLC has now identified two major adducts in rat liver DNA, one of them the aforementioned tamoxifen-N(2)-guanine adduct and the other the equivalent adduct in which the tamoxifen moiety has lost a methyl group. Treatment of rats or rat hepatocytes with N-desmethyltamoxifen gave rise to the second adduct, whereas treatment with tamoxifen or alpha-hydroxytamoxifen gave rise to both. Furthermore, N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen was found to be responsible for an additional minor DNA adduct formed by tamoxifen, alpha-hydroxytamoxifen and N-desmethyltamoxifen. The involvement of metabolism at the alpha position was confirmed in experiments in which [alpha-D(2)-ethyl]tamoxifen, but not [beta-D(3)-ethyl]tamoxifen, produced reduced levels of DNA adducts. Tamoxifen N-oxide and alpha-hydroxytamoxifen N-oxide also gave rise to DNA adducts in rat liver cells, but the adduct patterns were very similar to those formed by tamoxifen and alpha-hydroxytamoxifen, indicating that the N-oxygen is lost prior to DNA binding. These and earlier results demonstrate that in rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro, Phase I metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves both alpha-hydroxylation and N-demethylation, which is followed by Phase II activation at the alpha-position to form a highly reactive sulphate. Detection of tamoxifen-related DNA adducts by (32)P-postlabelling is achieved with >90% labelling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Phillips
- Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK.
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