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Francis F, Wuest M, Woodfield JD, Wuest F. Palladium-Mediated S-Arylation of Cysteine Residues with 4-[ 18F]Fluoroiodobenzene ([ 18F]FIB). Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:232-244. [PMID: 38215469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-mediated bioconjugation chemistry has been used extensively to design and synthesize molecular probes to visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes within intact living organisms at the cellular and subcellular levels. We demonstrate the development and validation of chemoselective [18F]fluoro-arylation chemistry of cysteine residues using Pd-mediated S-arylation chemistry with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene ([18F]FIB) as an aryl electrophile. The novel bioconjugation technique proceeded in excellent radiochemical yields of 73-96% within 15 min under ambient and aqueous reaction mixture conditions, representing a versatile novel tool for decorating peptides and peptidomimetics with short-lived positron emitter 18F. The chemoselective S-arylation of several peptides and peptidomimetics containing multiple reactive functional groups confirmed the versatility and functional group compatibility. The synthesis and radiolabeling of a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding radioligand [18F]6 was accomplished using the novel labeling protocol. The validation of radioligand [18F]6 in a preclinical prostate cancer model with PET resulted in favorable accumulation and retention in PSMA-expressing LNCaP tumors. At the same time, a significantly lower salivary gland uptake was observed compared to clinical PSMA radioligand [18F]PSMA-1007. This finding coincides with ongoing discussions about the molecular basis of the off-target accumulation of PSMA radioligands currently used for clinical imaging and therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 × 4, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, 2-132 Li Ka Shing, Edmonton AB, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Jenilee D Woodfield
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 × 4, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 × 4, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, 2-132 Li Ka Shing, Edmonton AB, T6G 2E1 Canada
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2
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Humpert S, Omrane MA, Urusova EA, Gremer L, Willbold D, Endepols H, Krasikova RN, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Rapid 18F-labeling via Pd-catalyzed S-arylation in aqueous medium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3547-3550. [PMID: 33870341 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report radiolabeling of thiol-containing substrates via Pd-catalyzed S-arylation with 2-[18F]fluoro-5-iodopyridine, which is readily accessible using the "minimalist" radiofluorination method. The practicality of the procedure was confirmed by preparation of a novel PSMA-specific PET-tracer as well as labeling of glutathione, Aβ oligomer-binding RD2 peptide, bovine serum albumin and PSMA I&S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Humpert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany.
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3
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Alonso Martinez LM, DaSilva JN. Development of a novel [ 18 F]fluorobenzyl derivative of the AT 1 receptor antagonist Candesartan. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:120-128. [PMID: 33084079 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Candesartan is a clinically approved angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R)-blocker that selectively binds AT1 Rs in high affinity. We report here the radiosynthesis and automation of the novel [18 F]fluorobenzyl derivative of Candesartan using the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. [18 F]Fluorobenzyl-Candesartan ([18 F]7) was developed from 4-[18 F]fluoroiodobenzene ([18 F]FIB) that was conjugated with alkyne-trityl-candesartan with the assistance of a Pd (PPh3 )4 /CuI catalyst followed by acid deprotection. The three-step two-reactor 2-HPLC purification process was automated resulting in >90% pure [18 F]7 in a RCY of 4.6 ± 1.1% (decay corrected from EOB) and molar activities of 1,406-5,513 GBq/mmol. [18 F]FIB was reproducibly obtained by direct radiofluorination of the mono-iodinated triphenylsulfonium salt in the presence of K222/K2 CO3 in an ~30% yield (decay-corrected). [18 F]7 was stable (>97%) up to 4 h in solution and up to 1 h in rat plasma at 37°C. However, the use of Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to produce [18 F]7 in high yields and molar activities was found to be challenging for routine use in radiochemistry labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Michel Alonso Martinez
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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6
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Morris O, McMahon A, Boutin H, Grigg J, Prenant C. Automation of [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde synthesis: application to a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1RA). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:277-83. [PMID: 27061216 PMCID: PMC4913750 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
[(18) F]Fluoroacetaldehyde is a biocompatible prosthetic group that has been implemented pre-clinically using a semi-automated remotely controlled system. Automation of radiosyntheses permits use of higher levels of [(18) F]fluoride whilst minimising radiochemist exposure and enhancing reproducibility. In order to achieve full-automation of [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde peptide radiolabelling, a customised GE Tracerlab FX-FN with fully programmed automated synthesis was developed. The automated synthesis of [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde is carried out using a commercially available precursor, with reproducible yields of 26% ± 3 (decay-corrected, n = 10) within 45 min. Fully automated radiolabelling of a protein, recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1RA), with [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde was achieved within 2 h. Radiolabelling efficiency of rhIL-1RA with [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde was confirmed using HPLC and reached 20% ± 10 (n = 5). Overall RCY of [(18) F]rhIL-1RA was 5% ± 2 (decay-corrected, n = 5) within 2 h starting from 35 to 40 GBq of [(18) F]fluoride. Specific activity measurements of 8.11-13.5 GBq/µmol were attained (n = 5), a near three-fold improvement of those achieved using the semi-automated approach. The strategy can be applied to radiolabelling a range of peptides and proteins with [(18) F]fluoroacetaldehyde analogous to other aldehyde-bearing prosthetic groups, yet automation of the method provides reproducibility thereby aiding translation to Good Manufacturing Practice manufacture and the transformation from pre-clinical to clinical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and ManchesterThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Adam McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and ManchesterThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and ManchesterThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Julian Grigg
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Imaging R&DThe Grove CentreAmershamBucksUK
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and ManchesterThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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7
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Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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8
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Kügler F, Ermert J, Kaufholz P, Coenen HH. 4-[18F]Fluorophenylpiperazines by improved Hartwig-Buchwald N-arylation of 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene, formed via hypervalent λ3-iodane precursors: application to build-up of the dopamine D4 ligand [18F]FAUC 316. Molecules 2014; 20:470-86. [PMID: 25558857 PMCID: PMC6272738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted phenylpiperazines are often neuropharmacologically active compounds and in many cases are essential pharmacophores of neuroligands for different receptors such as D2-like dopaminergic, serotoninergic and other receptors. Nucleophilic, no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F-labelling of these ligands in an aromatic position is desirable for studying receptors with in vivo molecular imaging. 1-(4-[18F]Fluorophenyl)piperazine was synthesized in two reaction steps starting by 18F-labelling of a iodobenzene-iodonium precursor, followed by Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of the intermediate 4-[18F]fluoro-iodobenzene. Different palladium catalysts and solvents were tested with particular attention to the polar solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Weak inorganic bases like potassium phosphate or cesium carbonate seem to be essential for the arylation step and lead to conversation rates above 70% in DMF which is comparable to those in typically used toluene. In DMSO even quantitative conversation was observed. Overall radiochemical yields of up to 40% and 60% in DMF and DMSO, respectively, were reached depending on the labelling yield of the first step. The fluorophenylpiperazine obtained was coupled in a third reaction step with 2-formyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile to yield the highly selective dopamine D4 ligand [18F]FAUC 316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kügler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Peter Kaufholz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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9
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Synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-5-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)pent-4-ynoic acid ([18F]FPhPA): A novel 18F-labeled amino acid for oncologic PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:660-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Ermert J. 18F-labelled intermediates for radiosynthesis by modular build-up reactions: newer developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:812973. [PMID: 25343144 PMCID: PMC4197889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review gives an overview of newer developments in (18)F-chemistry with the focus on small (18)F-labelled molecules as intermediates for modular build-up syntheses. The short half-life (<2 h) of the radionuclide requires efficient syntheses of these intermediates considering that multistep syntheses are often time consuming and characterized by a loss of yield in each reaction step. Recent examples of improved synthesis of (18)F-labelled intermediates show new possibilities for no-carrier-added ring-fluorinated arenes, novel intermediates for tri[(18)F]fluoromethylation reactions, and (18)F-fluorovinylation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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11
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Richarz R, Krapf P, Zarrad F, Urusova EA, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Neither azeotropic drying, nor base nor other additives: a minimalist approach to 18F-labeling. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8094-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel radiofluorination procedure using only precursor and [18F]fluoride without the need for azeotropic drying, base and other ingredients was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Richarz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Krapf
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F. Zarrad
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - E. A. Urusova
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
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