1
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Batista GMF, Ebenbauer R, Day C, Bergare J, Neumann KT, Hopmann KH, Elmore CS, Rosas-Hernández A, Skrydstrup T. Efficient palladium-catalyzed electrocarboxylation enables late-stage carbon isotope labelling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2592. [PMID: 38519475 PMCID: PMC10959938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon isotope labelling of bioactive molecules is essential for accessing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of new drug entities. Aryl carboxylic acids represent an important class of structural motifs ubiquitous in pharmaceutically active molecules and are ideal targets for the installation of a radioactive tag employing isotopically labelled CO2. However, direct isotope incorporation via the reported catalytic reductive carboxylation (CRC) of aryl electrophiles relies on excess CO2, which is incompatible with carbon-14 isotope incorporation. Furthermore, the application of some CRC reactions for late-stage carboxylation is limited because of the low tolerance of molecular complexity by the catalysts. Herein, we report the development of a practical and affordable Pd-catalysed electrocarboxylation setup. This approach enables the use of near-stoichiometric 14CO2 generated from the primary carbon-14 source Ba14CO3, facilitating late-stage and single-step carbon-14 labelling of pharmaceuticals and representative precursors. The proposed isotope-labelling protocol holds significant promise for immediate impact on drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M F Batista
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruth Ebenbauer
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Craig Day
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karoline T Neumann
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alonso Rosas-Hernández
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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2
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Derdau V, Elmore CS, Hartung T, McKillican B, Mejuch T, Rosenbaum C, Wiebe C. The Future of (Radio)-Labeled Compounds in Research and Development within the Life Science Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306019. [PMID: 37610759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review the applications of isotopically labeled compounds are discussed and put into the context of their future impact in the life sciences. Especially discussing their use in the pharma and crop science industries to follow their fate in the environment, in vivo or in complex matrices to understand the potential harm of new chemical structures and to increase the safety of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce McKillican
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, North America Product Safety (retired), USA
| | - Tom Mejuch
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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3
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Labiche A, Malandain A, Molins M, Taran F, Audisio D. Modern Strategies for Carbon Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303535. [PMID: 37074841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to stable and natural abundant carbon-12, the synthesis of organic molecules with carbon (radio)isotopes must be conceived and optimized in order to navigate through the hurdles of radiochemical requirements, such as high costs of the starting materials, harsh conditions and radioactive waste generation. In addition, it must initiate from the small cohort of available C-labeled building blocks. For long time, multi-step approaches have represented the sole available patterns. On the other side, the development of chemical reactions based on the reversible cleavage of C-C bonds might offer new opportunities and reshape retrosynthetic analysis in radiosynthesis. This review aims to provide a short survey on the recently emerged carbon isotope exchange technologies that provide effective opportunity for late-stage labeling. At present, such strategies have relied on the use of primary and easily accessible radiolabeled C1-building blocks, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and cyanides, while the activation principles have been based on thermal, photocatalytic, metal-catalyzed and biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Labiche
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Augustin Malandain
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Molins
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Day CS, Ton SJ, Kaussler C, Vrønning Hoffmann D, Skrydstrup T. Low Pressure Carbonylation of Benzyl Carbonates and Carbamates for Applications in 13 C Isotope Labeling and Catalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308238. [PMID: 37439487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a methodology to access isotopically labeled esters and amides from carbonates and carbamates employing an oxygen deletion strategy. This methodology utilizes a decarboxylative carbonylation approach for isotope labeling with near stoichiometric, ex situ generated 12 C, or 13 C carbon monoxide. This reaction is characterized by its broad scope, functional group tolerance, and high yields, which is showcased with the synthesis of structurally complex molecules. A complementary method that operates by the catalytic in situ generation of CO via the reduction of CO2 liberated during decarboxylation has also been developed as a proof-of-concept approach that CO2 -derived compounds can be converted to CO-containing frameworks. Mechanistic studies provide insight into the catalytic steps which highlight the impact of ligand choice to overcome challenges associated with low-pressure carbonylation methodologies, along with rational for the development of future methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Day
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephanie J Ton
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clemens Kaussler
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Vrønning Hoffmann
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Wang S, Larrosa I, Yorimitsu H, Perry GJP. Carboxylic Acid Salts as Dual-Function Reagents for Carboxylation and Carbon Isotope Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218371. [PMID: 36746757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The potassium salts of carboxylic acids are developed as efficient carboxylating agents through CO2 exchange. We describe these carboxylates as dual-function reagents because they function as a combined source of CO2 and base/metalating agent. By using the salt of a commercially available carboxylic acid, this protocol overcomes difficulties when using CO2 gas or organometallic reagents, such as pressurized containers or strictly inert conditions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, does not require transition metals or other additives, and shows broad substrate scope. Through the preparation of several biologically important molecules, we show how this strategy provides an opportunity for isotope labeling with low equivalents of labeled CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gregory J P Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Future correspondence: School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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6
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Ton S, Ravn AK, Hoffmann DV, Day CS, Kingston L, Elmore CS, Skrydstrup T. Rapid Access to Carbon-Isotope-Labeled Alkyl and Aryl Carboxylates Applying Palladacarboxylates. JACS AU 2023; 3:756-761. [PMID: 37006775 PMCID: PMC10052257 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy for the formation of isotopically labeled carboxylic esters from boronic esters/acids using a readily accessible palladium carboxylate complex as an organometallic source of isotopically labeled functional groups. The reaction allows access to either unlabeled or full 13C- or 14C-isotopically labeled carboxylic esters, and the method is characterized by its operational simplicity, mild conditions, and general substrate scope. Our protocol is further extended to a carbon isotope replacement strategy, involving an initial decarbonylative borylation procedure. Such an approach allows access to isotopically labeled compounds directly from the unlabeled pharmaceutical, which can have implications for drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie
J. Ton
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Anne K. Ravn
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Daniel Vrønning Hoffmann
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Craig S. Day
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Lee Kingston
- Isotope
Chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- Isotope
Chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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7
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Derdau V, Sandvoss M. Synthesis and analysis of isotopically stable labeled nitrosamines as mass spectrometry standards for drug impurity quality control. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:41-46. [PMID: 36582077 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and easy pathway to synthesize nitrosamine mass spectrometry standards in good to moderate yields. N-alkylation of Boc-protected primary or secondary amines using stable isotope labeled alkyl halides yielded the key intermediates that were deprotected, and then, the nitrosamine was formed with sodium nitrite and sodium hydrogensulfate. Special attention to safety, disposal of waste, and surface cleaning was carried throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Sandvoss
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Felten S, He CQ, Weisel M, Shevlin M, Emmert MH. Accessing Diverse Azole Carboxylic Acid Building Blocks via Mild C–H Carboxylation: Parallel, One-Pot Amide Couplings and Machine-Learning-Guided Substrate Scope Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23115-23126. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Felten
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark Weisel
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marion H. Emmert
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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9
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Bsharat O, Doyle MGJ, Munch M, Mair BA, Cooze CJC, Derdau V, Bauer A, Kong D, Rotstein BH, Lundgren RJ. Aldehyde-catalysed carboxylate exchange in α-amino acids with isotopically labelled CO 2. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1367-1374. [PMID: 36344821 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The isotopic labelling of small molecules is integral to drug development and for understanding biochemical processes. The preparation of carbon-labelled α-amino acids remains difficult and time consuming, with established methods involving label incorporation at an early stage of synthesis. This explains the high cost and scarcity of C-labelled products and presents a major challenge in 11C applications (11C t1/2 = 20 min). Here we report that aldehydes catalyse the isotopic carboxylate exchange of native α-amino acids with *CO2 (* = 14, 13, 11). Proteinogenic α-amino acids and many non-natural variants containing diverse functional groups undergo labelling. The reaction probably proceeds via the trapping of *CO2 by imine-carboxylate intermediates to generate iminomalonates that are prone to monodecarboxylation. Tempering catalyst electrophilicity was key to preventing irreversible aldehyde consumption. The pre-generation of the imine carboxylate intermediate allows for the rapid and late-stage 11C-radiolabelling of α-amino acids in the presence of [11C]CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odey Bsharat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maxime Munch
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden A Mair
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Volker Derdau
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Duanyang Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Cauwenbergh R, Goyal V, Maiti R, Natte K, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the transformation of CO 2 into carboxylic acids: straightforward assembly with homogeneous 3d metals. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9371-9423. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable organic carboxylic acids is essential for maintaining sustainability. In this review, such CO2 thermo-, photo- and electrochemical transformations under 3d-transition metal catalysis are described from 2017 until 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vishakha Goyal
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Rakesh Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kishore Natte
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502 285, Telangana, India
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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11
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Ohleier A, Sallustrau A, Mouhsine B, Caillé F, Audisio D, Cantat T. Catalytic methoxylation of aryl halides using 13C- and 14C-labeled CO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12831-12834. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03746g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A late-stage carbon isotope strategy, which allows methoxylation from CO2, is reported. This catalytic process, that relies on the formation of BBN-OCH3, enabled 13C and 14C labeling of a series of substrates, including pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Ohleier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Bouchaib Mouhsine
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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12
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Davies J, Lyonnet JR, Zimin DP, Martin R. The road to industrialization of fine chemical carboxylation reactions. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Zhou YP, Makaravage KJ, Brugarolas P. Radiolabeling with [ 11C]HCN for Positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 102-103:56-86. [PMID: 34624831 PMCID: PMC8978408 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a versatile synthon for generating carbon‑carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Unlike other one-carbon synthons (i.e., CO, CO2), HCN can function as a nucleophile (as in potassium cyanide, KCN) and an electrophile (as in cyanogen bromide, (CN)Br). The incorporation of the CN motif into organic molecules generates nitriles, hydantoins and (thio)cyanates, which can be converted to carboxylic acids, aldehydes, amides and amines. Such versatile chemistry is particularly attractive in PET radiochemistry where diverse bioactive small molecules incorporating carbon-11 in different positions need to be produced. The first examples of making [11C]HCN for radiolabeling date back to the 1960s. During the ensuing decades, [11C]cyanide labeling was popular for producing biologically important molecules including 11C-labeled α-amino acids, sugars and neurotransmitters. [11C]cyanation is now reemerging in many PET centers due to its versatility for making novel tracers. Here, we summarize the chemistry of [11C]HCN, review the methods to make [11C]HCN past and present, describe methods for labeling different types of molecules with [11C]HCN, and provide an overview of the reactions available to convert nitriles into other functional groups. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities in [11C]HCN labeling such as developing more robust methods to produce [11C]HCN and developing rapid and selective methods to convert nitriles into other functional groups in complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhou
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Brugarolas
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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14
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Audisio D, Talbot A, Sallustrau A, Goudet A, Taran F. Investigation on the Stoichiometry of Carbon Dioxide in Isotope-Exchange Reactions with Phenylacetic Acids. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe functionalization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 building block has attracted enormous attention. Carboxylation reactions, in particular, are of major interest for applications in isotope labeling. Due to the inexpensive nature of CO2, information about its stoichiometric use is generally unavailable in the literature. Because of the rarity and limited availability of CO2 isotopomers, this parameter is of concern for applications in carbon-isotope labeling. We investigated the effects of the stoichiometry of labeled CO2 on carbon isotope exchange of phenylacetic acids. Both thermal and photocatalytic procedures were studied, providing insight into product outcome and isotope incorporation. Preliminary results on isotope-dilution effects of carbonate bases in photocatalytic carboxylation reactions have also been obtained.
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15
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Pedersen SS, Donslund AS, Mikkelsen JH, Bakholm OS, Papp F, Jensen KB, Gustafsson MBF, Skrydstrup T. A Nickel(II)-Mediated Thiocarbonylation Strategy for Carbon Isotope Labeling of Aliphatic Carboxamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:7114-7123. [PMID: 33452676 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of pharmaceutically relevant small molecules and biopharmaceuticals bearing aliphatic carboxamides have been successfully labeled with carbon-13. Key to the success of this novel carbon isotope labeling technique is the observation that 13 C-labeled NiII -acyl complexes, formed from a 13 CO insertion step with NiII -alkyl intermediates, rapidly react in less than one minute with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide to quantitatively form the corresponding 2-pyridyl thioesters. Either the use of 13 C-SilaCOgen or 13 C-COgen allows for the stoichiometric addition of isotopically labeled carbon monoxide. Subsequent one-pot acylation of a series of structurally diverse amines provides the desired 13 C-labeled carboxamides in good yields. A single electron transfer pathway is proposed between the NiII -acyl complexes and the disulfide providing a reactive NiIII -acyl sulfide intermediate, which rapidly undergoes reductive elimination to the desired thioester. By further optimization of the reaction parameters, reaction times down to only 11 min were identified, opening up the possibility of exploring this chemistry for carbon-11 isotope labeling. Finally, this isotope labeling strategy could be adapted to the synthesis of 13 C-labeled liraglutide and insulin degludec, representing two antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Pedersen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aske S Donslund
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Mikkelsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Oskar S Bakholm
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Florian Papp
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Magnus B F Gustafsson
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of, Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Cha L, Chang WC. An Effective Strategy to Introduce Carbon Isotopes by Simple Swaps of CO2. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Destro G, Horkka K, Loreau O, Buisson D, Kingston L, Del Vecchio A, Schou M, Elmore CS, Taran F, Cantat T, Audisio D. Transition‐Metal‐Free Carbon Isotope Exchange of Phenyl Acetic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Destro
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, CNRS NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Olivier Loreau
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - David‐Alexandre Buisson
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Magnus Schou
- Karolinska Institutet 17176 Stockholm Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D AstraZeneca Karolinska Institutet 17176 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- Early Chemical Development Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, CNRS NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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18
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Destro G, Horkka K, Loreau O, Buisson DA, Kingston L, Del Vecchio A, Schou M, Elmore CS, Taran F, Cantat T, Audisio D. Transition-Metal-Free Carbon Isotope Exchange of Phenyl Acetic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13490-13495. [PMID: 32348625 PMCID: PMC7496475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A transition‐metal‐free carbon isotope exchange procedure on phenyl acetic acids is described. Utilizing the universal precursor CO2, this protocol allows the carbon isotope to be inserted into the carboxylic acid position, with no need of precursor synthesis. This procedure enabled the labeling of 15 pharmaceuticals and was compatible with carbon isotopes [14C] and [13C]. A proof of concept with [11C] was also obtained with low molar activity valuable for distribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Destro
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Olivier Loreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David-Alexandre Buisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Magnus Schou
- Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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19
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Abstract
A formal C-H carboxylation of unactivated arenes using CO2 in green solvents is described. The present strategy combines a sterically controlled Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation followed by a Cu-catalyzed carboxylation of the in situ generated organoboronates. The reaction is highly regioselective for the C-H carboxylation of 1,3-disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes, 1,2- or 1,4-symmetrically substituted benzenes, fluorinated benzenes and different heterocycles. The developed methodology was applied to the late-stage C-H carboxylation of commercial drugs and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Duffy IR, Vasdev N, Dahl K. Copper(I)-Mediated 11C-Carboxylation of (Hetero)arylstannanes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8242-8250. [PMID: 32309734 PMCID: PMC7161067 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel copper-mediated carboxylation strategy of aryl- and heteroaryl-stannanes is described. The method serves as a mild (i.e., 1 atm) carboxylation method using stable carbon dioxide and is transferable as a radiosynthetic approach for carbon-11-labeled aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids using sub-stoichiometric quantities of [11C]CO2. The methodology was applied to the radiosynthesis of the retinoid X receptor agonist, [11C]bexarotene, with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 32 ± 5% and molar activity of 38 ± 23 GBq/μmol (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Duffy
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Azrieli
Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T
1R8, Canada
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21
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A general 11C-labeling approach enabled by fluoride-mediated desilylation of organosilanes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1736. [PMID: 32269227 PMCID: PMC7142131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-11 (11C) is one of the most ideal positron emitters for labeling bioactive molecules for molecular imaging studies. The lack of convenient and fast incorporation methods to introduce 11C into organic molecules often hampers the use of this radioisotope. Here, a fluoride-mediated desilylation (FMDS) 11C-labeling approach is reported. This method relies on thermodynamically favored Si-F bond formation to generate a carbanion, therefore enabling the highly efficient and speedy incorporation of [11C]CO2 and [11C]CH3I into molecules with diversified structures. It provides facile and rapid access to 11C-labeled compounds with carbon-11 attached at various hybridized carbons as well as oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms with broad functional group tolerance. The exemplified syntheses of several biologically and clinically important radiotracers illustrates the potentials of this methodology. Convenient and fast methods to introduce 11C into organic molecules are of great help for molecular imaging studies. Here, the authors developed an efficient incorporation of [11C]CO2 and [11C]CH3I into molecules via a fluoride-mediated desilylation process.
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22
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Rauch M, Strater Z, Parkin G. Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde via a Bis(silyl)acetal: Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled C1 Moieties Derived from Carbon Dioxide into Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17754-17762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zack Strater
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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23
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Hinsinger K, Pieters G. Das aufkommende Konzept des Kohlenstoffisotopenaustauschs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hinsinger
- SCBMCEA, Université Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Frankreich
| | - Grégory Pieters
- SCBMCEA, Université Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Frankreich
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24
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Abstract
Significant progress in C−C bond activation with transition metals has recently enabled the development of several carbon isotope exchange reactions. These methods are based on C−C bond decarboxylative carboxylation reactions in the presence of selected transition metals and labelled carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hinsinger
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- SCBM, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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25
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Tortajada A, Duan Y, Sahoo B, Cong F, Toupalas G, Sallustrau A, Loreau O, Audisio D, Martin R. Catalytic Decarboxylation/Carboxylation Platform for Accessing Isotopically Labeled Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaya Duan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgios Toupalas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Destro G, Loreau O, Marcon E, Taran F, Cantat T, Audisio D. Dynamic Carbon Isotope Exchange of Pharmaceuticals with Labeled CO2. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:780-784. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Destro
- Service de Chimie
Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie
Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elodie Marcon
- Service de Chimie
Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie
Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie
Bio-organique et Marquage (SCBM), CEA/DRF/JOLIOT, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Bragg RA, Sardana M, Artelsmair M, Elmore CS. New trends and applications in carboxylation for isotope chemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:934-948. [PMID: 29740851 PMCID: PMC6282598 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylations are an important method for the incorporation of isotopically labeled 14CO2 into molecules. This manuscript will review labeled carboxylations since 2010 and will present a perspective on the potential of recent unlabeled methodology for labeled carboxylations. The perspective portion of the manuscript is broken into 3 major sections based on product type, arylcarboxylic acids, benzylcarboxylic acids, and alkyl carboxylic acids, and each of those sections is further subdivided by substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Bragg
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malvika Sardana
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Artelsmair
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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