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Liébanas G, Sáez Á, Luna Á, Romero-Vidal P, Palma A, Pérez JM. The morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) under scanning electron microscopy. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 64:101085. [PMID: 34304104 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera, Menoponidae), an ectoparasite found in burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia. We devote particular attention to the morphology of the main structures of the head (antennae and mouth-parts) and legs (tarsi and femoral ctenidia). Moreover, we describe the main peripheral sensory organs, located in the labial palpi and the distal end of antennae. We also detected that the structure of antennae and antennal sensilla arrangement are very similar to that described for other Colpocephalum and Menoponid species, and we discuss the function of each type of sensilla. We suggest that SEM studies combined with other microscopy and physiological techniques could be useful for elucidate the function of each structure, lice behaviour, as well as their taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Liébanas
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, S.n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Sáez
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, S.n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Álvaro Luna
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, E-28108, Madrid, Spain; Research Department Brutal, Calle Cuna, 16, Primera Planta, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Romero-Vidal
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, S.n., E-41092, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Palma
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, S.n., E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, S.n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain; Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Spain
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2
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Ortega-Insaurralde I, Picollo MI, Barrozo RB. Sensory features of the human louse antenna: new contributions and comparisons between ecotypes. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:219-224. [PMID: 33038036 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Body and head lice are known to be exclusive ectoparasites of human hosts. Current genomic and transcriptomic data suggest that both louse types represent ecotypes of the same species. They exhibit morphological and physiological differences that probably arose from living in different biotopes. Sensory traits represent suitable candidates to be affected by environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, through scanning electron microscope studies, this study analysed and compared the sensory structures of both ecotypes' antennae. Seven types of sensory structures were identified in both ecotypes: bristles, tuft organs, pore organs, single pore and three morphotypes of sensilla basiconica. Notably, the single pore and the morphotypes of sensilla basiconica were described for the first time in the body louse antenna. This study's comparative analysis mainly revealed size differences across the sensory structures of the ecotypes. Bristles of the flagellomere 2 of the body louse antenna were longer than the head louse bristles. In addition, the pore organs of the head louse antenna presented a higher diameter than those of the body louse. The possible relevance of size differences regarding the biotopes exploited by the body louse and the head louse is discussed. Yet, physiological studies may help to fully understand the phenotypical differences of both ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ortega-Insaurralde
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - M I Picollo
- Centro de investigaciones de plagas e insecticidas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo para la Defensa, UNIDEF-CONICET, San Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, B1603ALO, Argentina
| | - R B Barrozo
- Grupo de Neuroetología de Insectos Vectores, Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
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Harbison CW, Boughton RM, Shine PJ. Evidence for idiothetic and allothetic control of thermo-orientation in feather-feeding lice. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 120:103985. [PMID: 31759917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal cues are widely used by ectoparasites to find and exploit hosts. Recently, the wing louse Columbicola columbae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) was shown to use thermo-orientation when migrating between host microhabitats. Here, we study the control systems governing thermo-orientation by motion tracking wing lice on spatial and temporal heat gradients. As previously demonstrated, lice placed on spatial heat gradients successfully located nearby heat targets. Unilateral antennectomies were then used to remove spatial aspects of the thermal cue. These lice were still capable of locating heat targets, suggesting their response relied on tracking changes in the cue over time (idiothetic control). Course control was accomplished via angular corrections after louse body-angles deviated from the heat target. Louse behavior on temporal heat gradients provided additional evidence for idiothetic control- lice altered turn size and velocity after temperatures uniformly shifted without any spatial reference. We also show that lice are likely capable of responding to spatial aspects of the cue, consistent with allothetic control. On the spatial heat gradient, lice with two antennae were more efficient at locating heat targets as compared to those with unilateral antennectomies. Additionally, when traveling along temperature isoclines (where lice can detect spatial but not temporal aspects of the cue), lice with two antennae consistently turned towards the heat target, while those with unilateral antennectomies showed no preference. In all, we find evidence that lice can use both idiothetic and allothetic control during thermo-orientation, and likely integrate information from these two systems to guide movements on hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Boughton
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd., Loudonville, NY 12211, USA
| | - Patrick J Shine
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd., Loudonville, NY 12211, USA
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Cruz MS, Mateo MM. Antennal sense organs of Phthiraptera (Insecta). Scanning electron microscopy of the ‘pit organs’ of several species ofBovicola. Micron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-4328(95)00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Steinbrecht RA. The tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis--cryofixation study of a thermo-/hygrosensitive sensillum. Tissue Cell 1994; 26:259-75. [PMID: 8023326 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(94)90101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, display a complex cuticular apparatus without wall pores, consisting of the cuticular cone, cuticular pocket, and the sensillar peg with 5-6 tuft processes. The cuticular wall of the sensillar peg exhibits several layers of differing electron density tightly surrounding the dendrites. The sensillar peg is innervated by the unbranched dendrites of two receptor cells which do not reach into the tuft processes. A third receptor cell forms a lamellar outer dendritic segment which wraps around the two other dendrites and terminates before reaching the base of the sensory peg. This type of receptor cell is named stratoterminal while for those which end within the cuticular apparatus the term conoterminal is proposed. Five auxiliary cells are associated with each tuft organ. The pore organs display a porous cuticular plate innervated by the branching dendrites of four receptor cells. A fifth receptor cell terminates more proximal and resembles the stratoterminal cell of the tuft organ. From the fine structure it is evident that the tuft organs represent thermo/hygrosensitive sensilla whereas the pore organs may have an olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Steinbrecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, Seewiesen, Germany
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Baker GT, Chandrapatya A. Sensilla on the mouthparts and antennae of the elephant louse,Haematomyzus elephantis piaget (Phthiraptera: Haematomyzidae). J Morphol 1992; 214:333-340. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052140308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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