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Jiménez S, Santos-Álvarez I, Fernández-Valle E, Castejón D, Villa-Valverde P, Rojo-Salvador C, Pérez-Llorens P, Ruiz-Fernández MJ, Ariza-Pastrana S, Martín-Orti R, González-Soriano J, Moreno N. Comparative MRI analysis of the forebrain of three sauropsida models. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1349-1364. [PMID: 38546870 PMCID: PMC11176103 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to obtain detailed anatomical images, useful to describe specific encephalic structures and to analyze possible variabilities. It is widely used in clinical practice and is becoming increasingly used in veterinary medicine, even in exotic animals; however, despite its potential, its use in comparative neuroanatomy studies is still incipient. It is a technology that in recent years has significantly improved anatomical resolution, together with the fact that it is non-invasive and allows for systematic comparative analysis. All this makes it particularly interesting and useful in evolutionary neuroscience studies, since it allows for the analysis and comparison of brains of rare or otherwise inaccessible species. In the present study, we have analyzed the prosencephalon of three representative sauropsid species, the turtle Trachemys scripta (order Testudine), the lizard Pogona vitticeps (order Squamata) and the snake Python regius (order Squamata) by MRI. In addition, we used MRI sections to analyze the total brain volume and ventricular system of these species, employing volumetric and chemometric analyses together. The raw MRI data of the sauropsida models analyzed in the present study are available for viewing and downloading and have allowed us to produce an atlas of the forebrain of each of the species analyzed, with the main brain regions. In addition, our volumetric data showed that the three groups presented clear differences in terms of total and ventricular brain volumes, particularly the turtles, which in all cases presented distinctive characteristics compared to the lizards and snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiménez
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, 48940, Spain
| | - I Santos-Álvarez
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Valle
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Castejón
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P Villa-Valverde
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - C Rojo-Salvador
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Llorens
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz-Fernández
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - S Ariza-Pastrana
- Palmitos Park Canarias, Barranco de los Palmitos, s/n, Maspalomas, Las Palmas, 35109, Spain
| | - R Martín-Orti
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juncal González-Soriano
- Departament Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Avenida José Antonio Nováis 12, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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2
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Lozano D, López JM, Chinarro A, Morona R, Moreno N. A detailed 3D MRI brain atlas of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7999. [PMID: 38580713 PMCID: PMC10997765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evolutionary analyses is still in its incipient stage, however, it is particularly useful as it allows us to analyze detailed anatomical images and compare brains of rare or otherwise inaccessible species, evolutionarily contextualizing possible differences, while at the same time being non-invasive. A good example is the lungfishes, sarcopterygians that are the closest living relatives of tetrapods and thus have an interesting phylogenetic position in the evolutionary conquest of the terrestrial environment. In the present study, we have developed a three-dimensional representation of the brain of the lungfish Protopterus annectens together with a rostrocaudal anatomical atlas. This methodological approach provides a clear delineation of the major brain subdivisions of this model and allows to measure both brain and ventricular volumes. Our results confirm that lungfish show neuroanatomical patterns reminiscent of those of extant basal sarcopterygians, with an evaginated telencephalon, and distinctive characters like a small optic tectum. These and additional characters uncover lungfish as a remarkable model to understand the origins of tetrapod diversity, indicating that their brain may contain significant clues to the characters of the brain of ancestral tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Chinarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Chapuis L, Yopak KE, Radford CA. From the morphospace to the soundscape: Exploring the diversity and functional morphology of the fish inner ear, with a focus on elasmobranchsa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1526-1538. [PMID: 37695297 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishes, including elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), present an astonishing diversity in inner ear morphologies; however, the functional significance of these variations and how they confer auditory capacity is yet to be resolved. The relationship between inner ear structure and hearing performance is unclear, partly because most of the morphological and biomechanical mechanisms that underlie the hearing functions are complex and poorly known. Here, we present advanced opportunities to document discontinuities in the macroevolutionary trends of a complex biological form, like the inner ear, and test hypotheses regarding what factors may be driving morphological diversity. Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, geometric morphometrics, and finite element analysis are methods that can be combined to interrogate the structure-to-function links in elasmobranch fish inner ears. In addition, open-source 3D morphology datasets, advances in phylogenetic comparative methods, and methods for the analysis of highly multidimensional shape data have leveraged these opportunities. Questions that can be explored with this toolkit are identified, the different methods are justified, and remaining challenges are highlighted as avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chapuis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - K E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Centre for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - C A Radford
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
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4
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diceCT: A Valuable Technique to Study the Nervous System of Fish. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0076-20.2020. [PMID: 32471849 PMCID: PMC7642124 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging provides a non-destructive and flexible approach to optimizing contrast in soft tissues, especially when incorporated with Lugol's solution (aqueous I2KI), a technique currently referred to as diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT). This stain exhibits high rates of penetration and results in excellent contrast between and within soft tissues, including the central nervous system. Here, we present a staining method for optimizing contrast in the brain of a cartilaginous fish, the brownbanded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum, and a bony fish, the common goldfish, Carassius auratus, using diceCT. The aim of this optimization procedure is to provide suitable contrast between neural tissue and background tissue(s) of the head, thereby facilitating digital segmentation and volumetric analysis of the central nervous system. Both species were scanned before staining and were rescanned at time (T) intervals, either every 48 h (C. punctatum) or every 24 h (C. auratus), to assess stain penetration and contrast enhancement. To compare stain intensities, raw X-ray CT data were reconstructed using air and water calibration phantoms that were scanned under identical conditions to the samples. Optimal contrast across the brain was achieved at T = 240 h for C. punctatum and T = 96 h for C. auratus Higher resolution scans of the whole brain were obtained at the two optimized staining times for all the corresponding specimens. The use of diceCT provides a new and valuable tool for visualizing differences in the anatomic organization of both the central and peripheral nervous systems of fish.
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Scadeng M, McKenzie C, He W, Bartsch H, Dubowitz DJ, Stec D, St. Leger J. Morphology of the Amazonian Teleost Genus Arapaima Using Advanced 3D Imaging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:260. [PMID: 32395105 PMCID: PMC7197331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The arapaima is the largest of the extant air-breathing freshwater fishes. Their respiratory gas bladder is arguably the most striking of all the adaptations to living in the hypoxic waters of the Amazon basin, in which dissolved oxygen can reach 0 ppm (0 mg/l) at night. As obligatory air-breathers, arapaima have undergone extensive anatomical and physiological adaptations in almost every organ system. These changes were evaluated using magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging, gross necropsy, and histology to create a comprehensive morphological assessment of this unique fish. Segmentation of advanced imaging data allowed for creation of anatomically accurate and quantitative 3D models of organs and their spatial relationships. The deflated gas bladder [1.96% body volume (BV)] runs the length of the coelomic cavity, and encompasses the kidneys (0.35% BV). It is compartmentalized by a highly vascularized webbing comprising of ediculae and inter-edicular septa lined with epithelium acting as a gas exchange surface analogous to a lung. Gills have reduced surface area, with severe blunting and broadening of the lamellae. The kidneys are not divided into separate regions, and have hematopoietic and excretory tissue interspersed throughout. The heart (0.21% BV) is encased in a thick layer of lipid rich tissue. Arapaima have an unusually large telencephalon (28.3% brain volume) for teleosts. The characteristics that allow arapaima to perfectly exploit their native environment also make them easy targets for overfishing. In addition, their habitat is at high risk from climate change and anthropogenic activities which are likely to result is fewer specimens living in the wild, or achieving their growth potential of up to 4.5 m in length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Weston He
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J. Dubowitz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dominik Stec
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Judy St. Leger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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6
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Hoops D, Desfilis E, Ullmann JFP, Janke AL, Stait-Gardner T, Devenyi GA, Price WS, Medina L, Whiting MJ, Keogh JS. A 3D MRI-based atlas of a lizard brain. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2511-2547. [PMID: 29931765 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established technique for neuroanatomical analysis, being particularly useful in the medical sciences. However, the application of MRI to evolutionary neuroscience is still in its infancy. Few magnetic resonance brain atlases exist outside the standard model organisms in neuroscience and no magnetic resonance atlas has been produced for any reptile brain. A detailed understanding of reptilian brain anatomy is necessary to elucidate the evolutionary origin of enigmatic brain structures such as the cerebral cortex. Here, we present a magnetic resonance atlas for the brain of a representative squamate reptile, the Australian tawny dragon (Agamidae: Ctenophorus decresii), which has been the subject of numerous ecological and behavioral studies. We used a high-field 11.74T magnet, a paramagnetic contrasting-enhancing agent and minimum-deformation modeling of the brains of thirteen adult male individuals. From this, we created a high-resolution three-dimensional model of a lizard brain. The 3D-MRI model can be freely downloaded and allows a better comprehension of brain areas, nuclei, and fiber tracts, facilitating comparison with other species and setting the basis for future comparative evolution imaging studies. The MRI model and atlas of a tawny dragon brain (Ctenophorus decresii) can be viewed online and downloaded using the Wiley Biolucida Server at wiley.biolucida.net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoops
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ester Desfilis
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Fundació Dr. Pifarré (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jeremy F P Ullmann
- Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew L Janke
- Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy Stait-Gardner
- Nanoscale Organization and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William S Price
- Nanoscale Organization and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Loreta Medina
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Fundació Dr. Pifarré (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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7
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Keagy J, Braithwaite VA, Boughman JW. Brain differences in ecologically differentiated sticklebacks. Curr Zool 2017; 64:243-250. [PMID: 30402065 PMCID: PMC5905471 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations that have recently diverged offer a powerful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. We might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, we test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have well-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits correlating with ecological differences. We use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. We found a tight correlation between ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes with intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, which rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared with benthic fish, which utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared with limnetic fish. These differences were erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake where anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Keagy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Victoria A Braithwaite
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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8
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Watson C, Janke AL, Hamalainen C, Bagheri SM, Paxinos G, Reutens DC, Ullmann JFP. An ontologically consistent MRI-based atlas of the mouse diencephalon. Neuroimage 2017; 157:275-287. [PMID: 28578128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In topological terms, the diencephalon lies between the hypothalamus and the midbrain. It is made up of three segments, prosomere 1 (pretectum), prosomere 2 (thalamus), and prosomere 3 (the prethalamus). A number of MRI-based atlases of different parts of the mouse brain have already been published, but none of them displays the segments the diencephalon and their component nuclei. In this study we present a new volumetric atlas identifying 89 structures in the diencephalon of the male C57BL/6J 12 week mouse. This atlas is based on an average of MR scans of 18 mouse brains imaged with a 16.4T scanner. This atlas is available for download at www.imaging.org.au/AMBMC. Additionally, we have created an FSL package to enable nonlinear registration of novel data sets to the AMBMC model and subsequent automatic segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Watson
- The Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Andrew L Janke
- The Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlo Hamalainen
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shahrzad M Bagheri
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George Paxinos
- Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- The Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy F P Ullmann
- The Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Yopak K, Galinsky VL, Berquist R, Frank LR. Quantitative Classification of Cerebellar Foliation in Cartilaginous Fishes (Class: Chondrichthyes) Using Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis and Its Implications for Evolutionary Biology. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:252-64. [PMID: 27450795 PMCID: PMC5023489 DOI: 10.1159/000446904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A true cerebellum appeared at the onset of the chondrichthyan (sharks, batoids, and chimaerids) radiation and is known to be essential for executing fast, accurate, and efficient movement. In addition to a high degree of variation in size, the corpus cerebellum in this group has a high degree of variation in convolution (or foliation) and symmetry, which ranges from a smooth cerebellar surface to deep, branched convexities and folds, although the functional significance of this trait is unclear. As variation in the degree of foliation similarly exists throughout vertebrate evolution, it becomes critical to understand this evolutionary process in a wide variety of species. However, current methods are either qualitative and lack numerical rigor or they are restricted to two dimensions. In this paper, a recently developed method for the characterization of shapes embedded within noisy, three-dimensional data called spherical wave decomposition (SWD) is applied to the problem of characterizing cerebellar foliation in cartilaginous fishes. The SWD method provides a quantitative characterization of shapes in terms of well-defined mathematical functions. An additional feature of the SWD method is the construction of a statistical criterion for the optimal fit, which represents the most parsimonious choice of parameters that fits to the data without overfitting to background noise. We propose that this optimal fit can replace a previously described qualitative visual foliation index (VFI) in cartilaginous fishes with a quantitative analog, i.e. the cerebellar foliation index (CFI). The capability of the SWD method is demonstrated in a series of volumetric images of brains from different chondrichthyan species that span the range of foliation gradings currently described for this group. The CFI is consistent with the qualitative grading provided by the VFI, delivers a robust measure of cerebellar foliation, and can provide a quantitative basis for brain shape characterization across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Yopak
- UWA Oceans Institute and the School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009
| | - Vitaly L. Galinsky
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California, San Diego
| | - Rachel Berquist
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California, San Diego
| | - Lawrence R. Frank
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California, San Diego
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10
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Oliveira RF. Mind the fish: zebrafish as a model in cognitive social neuroscience. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:131. [PMID: 23964204 PMCID: PMC3737460 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain implements social behavior on one hand, and how social processes feedback on the brain to promote fine-tuning of behavioral output according to changes in the social environment is a major challenge in contemporary neuroscience. A critical step to take this challenge successfully is finding the appropriate level of analysis when relating social to biological phenomena. Given the enormous complexity of both the neural networks of the brain and social systems, the use of a cognitive level of analysis (in an information processing perspective) is proposed here as an explanatory interface between brain and behavior. A conceptual framework for a cognitive approach to comparative social neuroscience is proposed, consisting of the following steps to be taken across different species with varying social systems: (1) identification of the functional building blocks of social skills; (2) identification of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the previously identified social skills; and (3) mapping these information processing mechanisms onto the brain. Teleost fish are presented here as a group of choice to develop this approach, given the diversity of social systems present in closely related species that allows for planned phylogenetic comparisons, and the availability of neurogenetic tools that allows the visualization and manipulation of selected neural circuits in model species such as the zebrafish. Finally, the state-of-the art of zebrafish social cognition and of the tools available to map social cognitive abilities to neural circuits in zebrafish are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui F. Oliveira
- Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia, ISPA – Instituto UniversitárioLisboa, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeiras, Portugal
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11
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Sex-specific plasticity in brain morphology depends on social environment of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Berquist RM, Gledhill KM, Peterson MW, Doan AH, Baxter GT, Yopak KE, Kang N, Walker HJ, Hastings PA, Frank LR. The Digital Fish Library: using MRI to digitize, database, and document the morphological diversity of fish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34499. [PMID: 22493695 PMCID: PMC3321017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Museum fish collections possess a wealth of anatomical and morphological data that are essential for documenting and understanding biodiversity. Obtaining access to specimens for research, however, is not always practical and frequently conflicts with the need to maintain the physical integrity of specimens and the collection as a whole. Non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) digital imaging therefore serves a critical role in facilitating the digitization of these specimens for anatomical and morphological analysis as well as facilitating an efficient method for online storage and sharing of this imaging data. Here we describe the development of the Digital Fish Library (DFL, http://www.digitalfishlibrary.org), an online digital archive of high-resolution, high-contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the soft tissue anatomy of an array of fishes preserved in the Marine Vertebrate Collection of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We have imaged and uploaded MRI data for over 300 marine and freshwater species, developed a data archival and retrieval system with a web-based image analysis and visualization tool, and integrated these into the public DFL website to disseminate data and associated metadata freely over the web. We show that MRI is a rapid and powerful method for accurately depicting the in-situ soft-tissue anatomy of preserved fishes in sufficient detail for large-scale comparative digital morphology. However these 3D volumetric data require a sophisticated computational and archival infrastructure in order to be broadly accessible to researchers and educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Berquist
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Gledhill
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Peterson
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Allyson H. Doan
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory T. Baxter
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kara E. Yopak
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ning Kang
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - H. J. Walker
- Marine Vertebrate Collection and Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Hastings
- Marine Vertebrate Collection and Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence R. Frank
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Magnetic resonance microscopy of prenatal dolphins (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Delphinidae) – Ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications. ZOOL ANZ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Landeghem MV, Bresson B, Blümich B, d'Espinose de Lacaillerie JB. Micrometer scale resolution of materials by stray-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 211:60-66. [PMID: 21531599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As Magnetic Resonance Imaging devices are becoming more and more powerful, resolutions as small as 10 μm can now be obtained. But, this is only possible when systems with slow transverse relaxation rates, like living tissues, are investigated. In this case, the time available for gradients space-encoding is long, and high k values can be reached in the Fourier domain. However, numerous materials have fast relaxation rates, thus limiting the spatial resolution to a few hundreds of microns. The Stray Field Imaging technique has solved this problem by using a very high (typically 5000 G/cm) static gradient. Consequently, the trajectory in k space is accelerated and it is possible, in principle, to reach a micrometer resolution in a few hundreds of microseconds. Most of the time, however, only resolutions in the millimeter range can be achieved due to mispositioning of the sample within the static magnetic field. Here, we show that by finely mapping the magnetic field and precisely positioning the sample, it is possible with a standard spectrometer to reach a micrometer resolution even on very fast relaxing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Van Landeghem
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, UMR 7615 CNRS UPMC, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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