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Bourgeois P, Veys I, Noterman D, De Neubourg F, Chintinne M, Vankerckhove S, Nogaret JM. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Breast Cancer and Axillary Lymph Nodes After Intravenous Injection of Free Indocyanine Green. Front Oncol 2021; 11:602906. [PMID: 33767980 PMCID: PMC7985064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.602906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) of breast cancer (BC) after the intravenous (IV) injection of free indocyanine green (fICG) has been reported to be feasible. However, some questions remained unclarified. Objective To evaluate the distribution of fICG in BC and the axillary lymph nodes (LNs) of women undergoing surgery with complete axillary LN dissection (CALND) and/or selective lymphadenectomy (SLN) of sentinel LNs (NCT no. 01993576 and NCT no. 02027818). Methods An intravenous injection of fICG (0.25 mg/kg) was administered to one series of 20 women undergoing treatment with mastectomy, the day before surgery in 5 (group 1) and immediately before surgery in 15 (group 2: tumor localization, 25; and pN+ CALND, 4) as well as to another series of 20 women undergoing treatment with tumorectomy (group 3). A dedicated NIR camera was used for ex vivo fluorescence imaging of the 45 BC lesions and the LNs. Results In group 1, two of the four BC lesions and one large pN+ LN exhibited fluorescence. In contrast, 24 of the 25 tumors in group 2 and all of the tumors in group 3 were fluorescent. The sentinel LNs were all fluorescent, as well as some of the LNs in all CALND specimens. Metastatic cells were found in the fluorescent LNs of the pN+ cases. Fluorescent BC lesions could be identified ex vivo on the surface of the lumpectomy specimen in 14 of 19 cases. Conclusions When fICG is injected intravenously just before surgery, BC can be detected using NIRFI with high sensitivity, with metastatic axillary LNs also showing fluorescence. Such a technical approach seems promising in the management of BC and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourgeois
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Veys
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Noterman
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip De Neubourg
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Chintinne
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vankerckhove
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Nogaret
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ryba AS, Sales-Llopis J, Wolfsberger S, Laakso A, Daniel RT, González-López P. Utility of indocyanine green in the detection of radiologically silent hemangioblastomas: case report. J Neurosurg 2021; 135:1173-1179. [PMID: 33578384 DOI: 10.3171/2020.8.jns202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are rare, benign, hypervascularized tumors. Fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) can visualize tumor angioarchitecture. The authors report a case of multiple HBs involving two radiologically silent lesions only detected intraoperatively by ICG fluorescence. A 26-year-old woman presented with a cystic cerebellar mass on the tentorial surface of the left cerebellar hemisphere on MRI. A left paramedian suboccipital approach was performed to remove the mural nodule with the aid of ICG injection. The first injection, applied just prior to removing the nodule, highlighted the tumor and vessels. After resection, two new lesions, invisible on the preoperative MRI, surprisingly enhanced on fluorescent imaging 35 minutes after the ICG bolus. Both silent lesions were removed. Histological analysis of all three lesions revealed they were positive for HB. The main goal of this report is to hypothesize possible explanations about the mechanism that led to the behavior of the two silent lesions. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was useful to understand the 3D angioarchitecture and HB flow patterns to perform a safe and complete resection in this case. Understanding the HB ultrastructure and pathophysiological mechanisms, in conjunction with the properties of ICG, may expand potential applications for their diagnosis and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Senta Ryba
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Sales-Llopis
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Alicante General University Hospital (HGUA), Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Aki Laakso
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Roy Thomas Daniel
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo González-López
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Alicante General University Hospital (HGUA), Alicante, Spain
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Cheng RH, Chen JM, Chen YW, Cai H, Cui X, Hwang DW, Chen Z, Ding S. Macromolecular Crowding May Significantly Affect the Performance of an MRI Contrast Agent: A 1H NMR Spectroscopy, Microimaging, and Fast-Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry Study. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:288-296. [PMID: 29657915 PMCID: PMC5891664 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast enhancement agents are often employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. However, the current theory on MRI contrast generation does not consider the ubiquitous presence of macromolecular crowders in biological systems, which poses the risk of inaccurate data interpretation and misdiagnosis. To address this issue, herein the macromolecular crowding effects on MRI contrast agent are investigated with the 1H relaxation rate of water in aqueous solutions of Dotarem with different concentrations of macromolecules. Two representative macromolecular crowder systems are used: polyethylene glycol (with no specific secondary structure) and bovine serum albumin (with compact secondary and tertiary structures). The water 1H relaxation rates in various solutions are measured in a fixed magnetic field and in variable magnetic fields. The results show significant crowding effects for both crowders. The relaxation rate is proportional to the concentration of the MRI contrast agent but shows conspicuous superlinearity with respect to the concentration of the crowder. The size of polyethylene glycol does not affect the relaxivity of water in Dotarem solutions. The above effects are verified with T1- and T2-weighted NMR microimages. These results highlight the importance of the effect of macromolecular crowding on the MRI contrast agent and are valuable for understanding the mechanism of MRI contrast agents and designing new-generation MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China)
| | - Jie-Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China)
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei (Taiwan) 115 Republic of China
| | - Honghao Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China).,Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University 422 Siming South Road Xiamen 361005 P.R. China.,School of Science Jimei University 183 Yinjiang Road Xiamen 361021 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University 422 Siming South Road Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Dennis W Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei (Taiwan) 115 Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University 422 Siming South Road Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China)
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4
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Synthesis of dendronized polymeric chelating agents using hydrazone ligation strategy. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Kondo T, Kimura Y, Yamada H, Aoyama Y. Polymeric 1 H MRI Probes for Visualizing Tumor In Vivo. CHEM REC 2017; 17:555-568. [PMID: 28387472 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a prominent non- or low-invasive imaging technique, providing high-resolution, three-dimensional images as well as physiological information about tissues. Low-molecular-weight Gd-MRI contrast agents (CAs), such as Gd-DTPA (DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), are commonly used in the clinical diagnosis, while macromolecular Gd-MRI CAs have several advantages over low-molecular-weight Gd-MRI CAs, which help minimize the dose of CAs and the risk of side effects. Accordingly, we developed chiral dendrimer Gd-MRI CAs, which showed high r1 values. The association constant values (Ka ) of S-isomeric dendrimer CAs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were higher than those of R-isomeric dendrimer CAs. Besides, based on a totally new concept, we developed 13 C/15 N-enriched multiple-resonance NMR/MRI probes, which realized highly selective observation of the probes and analysis of metabolic reactions of interest. This account summarizes our recent study on developing both chiral dendrimer Gd-MRI CAs, and self-traceable 13 C/15 N-enriched phosphorylcholine polymer probes for early detection of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kondo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
| | - Yu Kimura
- Research and Educational Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical Systems, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
| | - Hisatsugu Yamada
- Field of Bioresource Chemistry and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 7708506, JAPAN
| | - Yasuhiro Aoyama
- Professor emeritus, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
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6
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Tang J, Sheng Y, Hu H, Shen Y. Macromolecular MRI contrast agents: Structures, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bernsen MR, Ruggiero A, van Straten M, Kotek G, Haeck JC, Wielopolski PA, Krestin GP. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013. [PMID: 23179877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10853-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in Oncology is rapidly moving from the detection and size measurement of a lesion to the quantitative assessment of metabolic processes and cellular and molecular interactions. Increasing insights into cancer as a complex disease with involvement of the tumor stroma in tumor pathobiological processes have made it clear that for successful control of cancer, treatment strategies should not only be directed at the tumor cells but also targeted at the tumor microenvironment. This requires understanding of the complex molecular and cellular interactions in cancer tissue. Recent developments in imaging technology have increased the possibility to image various pathobiological processes in cancer development and response to treatment. For computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) various improvements in hardware, software, and imaging probes have lifted these modalities from classical anatomical imaging techniques to techniques suitable to image and quantify various physiological processes and molecular and cellular interactions. Next to a more general overview of possible imaging targets in oncology this chapter provides an overview of the various developments in CT and MRI technology and some specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Bryson J, Reineke JW, Reineke TM. Macromolecular Imaging Agents Containing Lanthanides: Can Conceptual Promise Lead to Clinical Potential? Macromolecules 2012; 45:8939-8952. [PMID: 23467737 DOI: 10.1021/ma301568u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are increasingly being used to improve the resolution of this noninvasive diagnostic technique. All clinically-approved T1 contrast agents are small molecule chelates of gadolinium [Gd(III)] that affect bound water proton relaxivity. Both the small size and monomeric nature of these agents ultimately limits the image resolution enhancement that can be achieved for both contrast enhancement and pharmacokinetic/biodistribution reasons. The multimeric nature of macromolecules, such as polymers, dendrimers, and noncovalent complexes of small molecule agents with proteins, have been shown to significantly increase the image contrast and resolution due to their large size and ability to incorporate multiple Gd(III) chlelation sites. Also, macromolecular agents are advantageous as they have the ability to be designed to be nontoxic, hydrophilic, easily purified, aggregation-resistant, and have controllable three-dimensional macromolecular structure housing the multiple lanthanide chelation sites. For these reasons, large molecule diagnostics have the ability to significantly increase the relaxivity of water protons within the targeted tissues and thus the image resolution for many diagnostic applications. The FDA approval of a contrast agent that consists of a reversible, non-covalent coupling of a small Gd(III) chelate with serum albumin for blood pool imaging (marketed under the trade names of Vasovist and Ablivar) proved to be one of the first diagnostic agent to capitalize on these benefits from macromolecular association in humans. However, much research and development is necessary to optimize the safety of these unique agents for in vivo use and potential clinical development. To this end, recent work in the field of polymer, dendrimer, and noncovalent complex-based imaging agents are reviewed herein and the future outlook of this field is discussed.
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9
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Poellinger A. Near-infrared imaging of breast cancer using optical contrast agents. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:815-26. [PMID: 23132668 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death. On the basis of three studies performed by our group, this article reviews the current status of optical breast imaging using extrinsic contrast agents. To date, only two contrast agents have been applied in human studies, indocyanine green (ICG) and omocianine. Both contrast media were used for absorption and fluorescence imaging. Generally speaking, malignant breast lesions exhibited higher absorption contrast as well as higher fluorescence contrast compared to benign lesions or non-diseased breast tissue. Some groups consider early enhancement characteristics helpful for differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. Late fluorescence ICG imaging - capitalizing on the extravasation of the dye through the wall of tumorous vessels - seems to be a promising technique to distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poellinger
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Radiology, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:1-18. [PMID: 23047730 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Illy N, Majonis D, Herrera I, Ornatsky O, Winnik MA. Metal-Chelating Polymers by Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization and Their Use in Quantitative Mass Cytometry. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2359-69. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300613x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Illy
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
| | - Isaac Herrera
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
| | - Olga Ornatsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
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12
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Laurent S, Henoumont C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterisation of Gd-DTPA Derivatives as Contrast Agents for MRI. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Ai H. Layer-by-layer capsules for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:772-88. [PMID: 21554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled polyelectrolyte capsules have demonstrated their unique advantages and capability in drug delivery applications. These ordered micro/nano-structures are also promising candidates as imaging contrast agents for diagnostic and theranostic applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of the most powerful clinical imaging modalities, is moving forward to the molecular imaging field and requires the availability of advanced imaging probes. In this review, we are focusing on the design of MRI visible LbL capsules, which incorporate either paramagnetic metal-ligand complexes or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. The design criteria cover the topics of probe sensitivity, biosafety, long-circulation property, targeting ligand decoration, and drug loading strategies. Examples of MRI visible LbL capsules with paramagnetic or superparamagnetic moieties were given and discussed. This carrier platform can also be chosen for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Folate-targeted optical and magnetic resonance dualmodality PCL-b-PEG micelles for tumor imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Poellinger A, Burock S, Grosenick D, Hagen A, Lüdemann L, Diekmann F, Engelken F, Macdonald R, Rinneberg H, Schlag PM. Breast cancer: early- and late-fluorescence near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green--a preliminary study. Radiology 2010; 258:409-16. [PMID: 21177396 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess early- and late-fluorescence near-infrared imaging, corresponding to the vascular (early-fluorescence) and extravascular (late-fluorescence) phases of indocyanine green (ICG) enhancement, for breast cancer detection and benign versus malignant breast lesion differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the ethical review board; all participants provided written informed consent. Twenty women with 21 breast lesions were examined with near-infrared imaging before, during, and after intravenous injection of ICG. Absorption and fluorescence projection mammograms were recorded simultaneously on a prototype near-infrared imaging unit. Two blinded readers independently assessed the images and assigned visibility scores to lesions seen on the absorption and absorption-corrected fluorescence mammograms. Imaging results were compared with histopathologic findings. Lesion contrast and diameter on the fluorescence mammograms were measured, and Cohen κ, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman ρ tests were conducted. RESULTS The absorption-corrected fluorescence ratio mammograms showed high contrast (contrast value range, 0.25-0.64) between tumors and surrounding breast tissue. Malignant lesions were correctly defined in 11 (reader 1) and 12 (reader 2) of 13 cases, and benign lesions were correctly defined in six (reader 1) and five (reader 2) of eight cases with late-fluorescence imaging. Lesion visibility scores for malignant and benign lesions were significantly different on the fluorescence ratio mammograms (P = .003) but not on the absorption mammograms (P = .206). Mean sensitivity and specificity reached 92% ± 8 (standard error of mean) and 75% ± 16, respectively, for fluorescence ratio imaging compared with 100% ± 0 and 25% ± 16, respectively, for conventional mammography alone. CONCLUSION Preliminary data suggest that early- and late-fluorescence ratio imaging after ICG administration can be used to distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poellinger
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Therapy, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Jeong SY, Kim HJ, Kwak BK, Lee HY, Seong H, Shin BC, Yuk SH, Hwang SJ, Cho SH. Biocompatible Polyhydroxyethylaspartamide-based Micelles with Gadolinium for MRI Contrast Agents. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:1970-6. [PMID: 21170410 PMCID: PMC2991228 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible poly-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-d,l-aspartamide]-methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol)-hexadecylamine (PHEA-mPEG-C(16)) conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-gadolinium (DOTA-Gd) via ethylenediamine (ED) was synthesized as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Amphiphilic PHEA-mPEG-C(16)-ED-DOTA-Gd forms micelle in aqueous solution. All the synthesized materials were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). Micelle size and shape were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Micelles with PHEA-mPEG-C(16)-ED-DOTA-Gd showed higher relaxivities than the commercially available gadolinium contrast agent. Moreover, the signal intensity of a rabbit liver was effectively increased after intravenous injection of PHEA-mPEG-C(16)-ED-DOTA-Gd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Kwak
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Hasoo Seong
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Soon Hong Yuk
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Sun Hang Cho
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, KRICT, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
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Zhang WL, Li N, Huang J, Yu JH, Wang DX, Li YP, Liu SY. Gadolinium-conjugated FA-PEG-PAMAM-COOH nanoparticles as potential tumor-targeted circulation-prolonged macromolecular MRI contrast agents. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Villaraza AJL, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW. Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2921-59. [PMID: 20067234 PMCID: PMC2868950 DOI: 10.1021/cr900232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Joseph L. Villaraza
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wu X, Feng Y, Jeong EK, Emerson L, Lu ZR. Tumor characterization with dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents in mice. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2202-8. [PMID: 19597972 PMCID: PMC2805017 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents of different degradability and molecular weight for tumor characterization based on angiogenesis using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). METHODS Biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents, Gd-DTPA cystamine copolymers (GDCC) and Gd-DTPA cystine copolymers (GDCP), with molecular weight of 20 and 70 KDa were evaluated for tumor characterization. Gd(DTPA-BMA) and a prototype of macromolecular contrast agent, albumin-(Gd-DTPA), were used as controls. The DCE-MRI studies were performed in nude mice bearing MDA PCa 2b and PC-3 human prostate tumor xenografts. Tumor angiogenic kinetic parameters including endothelium transfer coefficient (K(trans)) and fractional tumor plasma volume (f(PV)) were calculated from the DCE-MRI data using a two-compartment model and compared between the two different tumor models for each contrast agent. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the f(PV) values between two tumor models estimated with the same agent except for GDCC-70. The K(trans) values in both tumor models decreased with the increase of molecular weight of contrast agents. With the same high molecular weight (70 KDa), GDCC-70 showed a higher K(trans) values than GDCP-70 due to high degradability of the former in both tumor models (p < 0.05). The K(trans) values of MDA PCa 2b tumors were significantly higher than those of PC-3 tumors estimated by Gd(DTPA-BMA), GDCC-20, GDCC-70, GDCP-70, and albumin-(Gd-DTPA) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents are promising in tumor characterization and differentiation with dynamic contrast enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lyska Emerson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Feng Y, Jeong EK, Mohs AM, Emerson L, Lu ZR. Characterization of tumor angiogenesis with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents in mice. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:1347-52. [PMID: 19025902 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents for characterizing tumor angiogenesis was investigated in a mouse model using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents, gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) cystamine copolymers (GDCC), and Gd-DTPA cystine copolymers (GDCP), with molecular weights of 20 and 70 kDa were used in the study. Gadodiamide (Gd [DTPA-BMA]) and albumin labeled with Gd-DTPA [albumin-(Gd-DTPA)] were used as the controls. The DCE-MRI studies were performed in nude mice bearing prostate tumor xenografts from the MDA-PCa-2b cell line. Tumor angiogenic kinetic parameters, including endothelial transfer coefficient (K(PS)), fractional tumor plasma volume (f(PV)), and permeability surface area product (PS), were estimated from the DCE-MRI data using a two-compartment model. The K(PS) and f(PV) values estimated by the biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents were between those estimated by Gd(DTPA-BMA) and albumin-(Gd-DTPA). The parameters estimated by the agent with a slow degradation rate and high molecular weight, GDCP-70 (K(PS) = 2.09 +/- 0.50 ml/min/100 cc and f(PV) = 0.075 +/- 0.021), were closer to those by albumin-(Gd-DTPA) (K(PS) = 1.43 +/- 0.64 ml/min/100 cc and f(PV) = 0.044 +/- 0.007) than by other agents with relatively low molecular weight or rapid degradation rate. The polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents are promising for characterizing tumor vascularity and angiogenesis with DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Imaging characteristics of DHOG, a hepatobiliary contrast agent for preclinical microCT in mice. Acad Radiol 2008; 15:342-9. [PMID: 18280932 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study was performed to assess the imaging characteristics and pharmacokinetics of 1,3-Bis-[7-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-heptanoyl]-2-oleoyl glycerol (DHOG, Fenestra LC), a hepatobiliary contrast agent for microCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the abdomen of 18 female C3H mice in a MicroCAT II microCT scanner before contrast agent injection and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after intravenous injection of DHOG (1 g I/kg body weight). The contrast agent effect was determined quantitatively and dynamically by measuring pre- and postcontrast Hounsfield units (HU) of the liver, aorta, spleen, and kidneys. Based on additional phantom measurements, the reproducibility of lesion detection was estimated for different lesion sizes. RESULTS DHOG caused a marked early postcontrast enhancement of blood in the aorta and a very high enhancement of the spleen, both slowly declined after 90 minutes. The liver parenchyma showed a slow contrast agent accumulation and clearly increased HU data between 3 and 7 hours after injection. No significant renal parenchymal enhancement or excretion was noticed. At early time points after administration, DHOG exhibits characteristics of a macromolecular contrast agent by demonstrating a blood pool effect. At later time points, DHOG provides a prolonged, marked liver enhancement on microCT images due to its specific liver uptake. For a lesion size of 1 mm diameter, the variability in between two scans was 27.7 HU (P < .05) and the variability for different planes of one scan was 19.8 HU (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS DHOG yields a very good visualization of the liver and delineation of the surrounding structures with a long plateau. It is a very suitable contrast agent for liver imaging in mice for microCT imaging. The presented protocol provides a high reproducibility for lesion detection with a relatively low radiation dose.
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Mohs AM, Lu ZR. Gadolinium(III)-based blood-pool contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: status and clinical potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4:149-64. [PMID: 17335412 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blood-pool MRI contrast agents have enormous potential to aid sensitive magnetic resonance detection and yield definitive diagnostic data of cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Many attempts have been initiated to design macromolecular gadolinium (Gd[III]) complexes as magnetic resonance imaging blood-pool contrast agents, as macromolecules do not readily diffuse across healthy vascular endothelium, and remain intravascular. Although extremely efficacious in detecting and characterizing pathologic tissue, clinical development of these agents has been limited by potential toxicity concerns from incomplete Gd(III) clearance. Recent innovative technologies, such as reversible protein-binding contrast agents and biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents, may be valuable alternatives that combine the effective imaging characteristics of an intravascular contrast agent and the safety of clinically approved low-molecular-weight Gd(III) chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Mohs
- Georgia Tech and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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Langereis S, Dirksen A, Hackeng TM, van Genderen MHP, Meijer EW. Dendrimers and magnetic resonance imaging. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nakamura E, Makino K, Okano T, Yamamoto T, Yokoyama M. A polymeric micelle MRI contrast agent with changeable relaxivity. J Control Release 2006; 114:325-33. [PMID: 16891027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles were formed from cationic polymers (polyallylamine or protamine) and anionic block copolymers (poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aspartic acid) derivative) that bound Gd ions providing high contrasts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) by shortening the T(1) longitudinal relaxation time of protons of water. The Gd-binding block copolymer alone showed high relaxivity (T(1)-shortening ability) values from 10 to 11 mol(-1) s(-1), while the polymeric micelles exhibited low relaxivity values from 2.1 to 3.6 mol(-1) s(-1). These findings point to the feasibility of a novel MRI contrast agent that selectively provides high contrasts at solid tumor sites owing to a dissociation of the micelle structures, while selective delivery to the tumor sites is achieved in the polymeric micelle form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Nakamura
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, 2641 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Barrett T, Kobayashi H, Brechbiel M, Choyke PL. Macromolecular MRI contrast agents for imaging tumor angiogenesis. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60:353-66. [PMID: 16930905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been accepted as a vital process in the growth and metastasis of tumors. As a result it is the target of several novel anti-cancer medications. Consequently, there is an urgent clinical need to develop accurate, non-invasive imaging techniques to improve the characterization of tumor angiogenesis and the monitoring of the response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Macromolecular MR contrast media (MMCM) offer this diagnostic potential by preferentially exploiting the inherent hyperpermeable nature of new tumor vessels compared with normal vessels. Over the last 10-15 years many classes of MMCM have been developed. When evaluated with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, a number of MMCM have demonstrated in vivo imaging properties that correlate with ex vivo histological features of angiogenesis. The enhancement patterns with some MMCM have been reported to correlate with tumor grade, as well as show response to anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular drugs. Future applications of MMCM include targeted angiogenesis imaging and drug delivery of anti-cancer 'payloads'. Herein we discuss the best known MMCMs along with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Barrett
- Molecular Imaging Program and Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 1B40, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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Parac-Vogt TN, Kimpe K, Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Burtea C, Chen F, Muller RN, Ni Y, Verbruggen A, Binnemans K. Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a potential MRI contrast agent containing two paramagnetic centers with albumin binding affinity. Chemistry 2006; 11:3077-86. [PMID: 15776492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex of an amphiphilic chelating ligand, containing two diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetate (DTPA) moieties bridged by a bisindole derivative with three methoxy groups, has been synthesized and evaluated as a potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements indicate that at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex has a much higher relaxivity than [Gd(DTPA)] (6.8 vs 3.9 s(-1) mmol(-1)). The higher relaxivity of the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex can be related to its reduced motion and larger rotational correlation time relative to [Gd(DTPA)]. In the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) the relaxivity value of the noncovalently bound dinuclear complex increases to 15.2 s(-1) per mmol of Gd3+, due to its relatively strong interaction with this protein. The fitted value of the binding constant to HSA (Ka) was found to be 10(4) M(-1). Because of its interaction with HSA, the dinuclear complex exhibits a longer elimination half-life from the plasma, and a better confinement to the vascular space compared to the commercially available [Gd(DTPA)] contrast agent. Transmetalation of the dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex by zinc(II) has been investigated. Biodistribution studies suggest that the complex is excreted by the renal pathway, and possibly by the hepatobiliary route. In vivo studies indicated that half of the normal dose of the gadolinium(III) complex enhanced the contrast in hepatic tissues around 40 % more effectively than [Gd(DTPA)]. The dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex was tested as a potential necrosis avid contrast agent (NACA), but despite the binding to HSA, it did not exhibit necrosis avidity, implying that binding to albumin is not a key parameter for necrosis-targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zong Y, Guo J, Ke T, Mohs AM, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Effect of size and charge on pharmacokinetics and in vivo MRI contrast enhancement of biodegradable polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes. J Control Release 2006; 112:350-6. [PMID: 16631270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how the structures of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes affect their pharmacokinetics and in vivo contrast enhancement as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. A negatively charged polydisulfide Gd(III) complex, (Gd-DTPA)-cystine copolymers (GDCP), and a neutral agent, (Gd-DTPA)-cystine diethyl ester copolymers (GDCEP), with different molecular weights were prepared and characterized. The MRI contrast enhancement of the agents was studied in mice. Neutral GDCEP showed more rapid degradation than negatively charged GDCP in the blood plasma. Consequently, GDCP resulted in more significant and prolonged contrast enhancement in the blood pool and liver than GDCEP. The size of GDCEP did not significantly affect its in vivo contrast enhancement due to rapid degradation and clearance from the blood circulation. The increase in the molecular weight of GDCP resulted in prolonged in vivo contrast enhancement in the blood pool. The structural modification of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes resulted in biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents with different degradability and in vivo contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of UT, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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AIME SILVIO, BOTTA MAURO, TERRENO ENZO. Gd(III)-BASED CONTRAST AGENTS FOR MRI. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(05)57004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Parac-Vogt T, Kimpe K, Laurent S, Piérart C, Elst L, Muller R, Binnemans K. Gadolinium DTPA-Monoamide Complexes Incorporated into Mixed Micelles as Possible MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Langereis S, de Lussanet QG, van Genderen MHP, Backes WH, Meijer EW. Multivalent Contrast Agents Based on Gadolinium−Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid-Terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035983+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhakoo KK, Bell JD, Cox IJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy. Methods Enzymol 2004; 386:303-13. [PMID: 15120258 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)86014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Bhakoo
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Mayoral EP, García-Amo M, López P, Soriano E, Cerdán S, Ballesteros P. A novel series of complexones with bis- or biazole structure as mixed ligands of paramagnetic contrast agents for MRI. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:5555-67. [PMID: 14642600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the syntheses, physicochemical properties and biological evaluation of a novel series of complexones containing bis- or biazoles moieties and two iminodiacetic acid units as novel ligands for paramagnetic lanthanides. The complexones were prepared by reaction of the corresponding 1,1'-bishaloethylbi- or bispyrazoles with methyl iminodiacetate and subsequent NaOH hydrolysis. 1,1'-Bisbromoethyl precursors were obtained by direct alkylation with an excess of 1,2-dibromoethane, or by heating the corresponding alcohol in HCl. Sigmoidal binding isotherms and MO calculations supported as most stable structures in solution, those containing two Gd(III) atoms bound per molecule of complexone with half saturation values S(0.5) (M(-1), 22 degrees C, pH 7.2) in the range 6.5 10(-6)<S(0.5)<36.1 10(-6). Relaxivity properties [r(1), r(2), s(-1) mM(-1) Gd(III)] determined at 1.5 Tesla gave values (12.0<r(1)<17.7, 12.2<r(2)<20), improving significantly the relaxivities of reference compounds such as Gd(III)EDTA (5.2, 5.6) or Gd(III)DTPA (4.30, 4.30). These improvements involve mainly increased hydration and slower rotational motions. In vitro toxicity experiments are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Mayoral
- Departamento Qui;mica Orgánica y Biologi;a, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kimpe K, Parac-Vogt T, Laurent S, Piérart C, Elst L, Muller R, Binnemans K. Potential MRI Contrast Agents Based on Micellar Incorporation of Amphiphilic Bis(alkylamide) Derivatives of [(Gd−DTPA)(H2O)]2−. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Brechbiel MW. Dendrimer-based Macromolecular MRI Contrast Agents: Characteristics and Application. Mol Imaging 2003; 2:1-10. [PMID: 12926232 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200303100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous macromolecular MRI contrast agents prepared employing relatively simple chemistry may be readily available that can provide sufficient enhancement for multiple applications. These agents operate using a ~100-fold lower concentration of gadolinium ions in comparison to the necessary concentration of iodine employed in CT imaging. Herein, we describe some of the general potential directions of macromolecular MRI contrast agents using our recently reported families of dendrimer-based agents as examples. Changes in molecular size altered the route of excretion. Smaller-sized contrast agents less than 60 kDa molecular weight were excreted through the kidney resulting in these agents being potentially suitable as functional renal contrast agents. Hydrophilic and larger-sized contrast agents were found better suited for use as blood pool contrast agents. Hydrophobic variants formed with polypropylenimine diaminobutane dendrimer cores created liver contrast agents. Larger hydrophilic agents are useful for lymphatic imaging. Finally, contrast agents conjugated with either monoclonal antibodies or with avidin are able to function as tumor-specific contrast agents, which also might be employed as therapeutic drugs for either gadolinium neutron capture therapy or in conjunction with radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4N109, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374, USA.
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Viola A, Chabrol B, Nicoli F, Confort-Gouny S, Viout P, Cozzone PJ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of glycine pathways in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Pediatr Res 2002; 52:292-300. [PMID: 12149509 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200208000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a life-threatening disorder in neonates characterized by a deficiency of the glycine cleavage system. We report on four cases of the neonatal form of the disease, which were investigated by in vitro(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and in vivo(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain. The existence of glycine disposal pathways leading to an increase in lactate in fluids and creatine in fluids and brain was demonstrated. This is the first observation of elevated creatine in brain in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. A recurrent decrease of glutamine and citrate was observed in cerebrospinal fluid, which might be related to abnormal glutamine metabolism in brain. Finally, the cerebral N-acetylaspartate to myo-inositol-glycine ratio was identified as a prognostic indicator of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Viola
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine CRMBM-UMR-CNRS 6612, Faculty of Medicine, Marseille, France
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Dunand FA, Borel A, Merbach AE. How does internal motion influence the relaxation of the water protons in Ln(III)DOTA-like complexes? J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:710-6. [PMID: 11804502 DOI: 10.1021/ja016873q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the Curie contribution to the relaxation of the protons in the Tb(III) complex, and the quadrupolar relaxation of the 17O and 2H nuclei on the Eu(III) complex, the effect of the internal motion of the water molecule bound to [Ln(DOTAM)(H2O)]3+ complexes was quantified. The determination of the quadrupolar coupling constant of the bound water oxygen chi(Omicron)(1 + eta(Omicron)2/3)1/2 = 5.2 +/- 0.5 MHz allows a new analysis of the 17O and 1H NMR data of the [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- complex with different rotational correlation times for the Gd(III)-O(water) and Gd(III)-H(water) vectors. The ratio of the rotational correlation times for the Ln(III)-H(water) vector and the overall rotational correlation time is calculated tau(RH)/tau(RO) = 0.65 +/- 0.2. This could have negative consequences on the water proton relaxivity, which we discuss in particular for macromolecular systems. It appears that the final effect is actually attenuated and should be around 10% for such large systems undergoing local motion of the chelating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Dunand
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Biologique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: Theory and the role of dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5229(02)80006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Caravan P, Greenfield MT, Li X, Sherry AD. The Gd(3+) complex of a fatty acid analogue of DOTP binds to multiple albumin sites with variable water relaxivities. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:6580-7. [PMID: 11735466 DOI: 10.1021/ic0102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 20 MHz water relaxivity (r(1)) of gadolinium(III) complexes formed with two fatty acid analogues of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) were shown to increase substantially in the presence of albumin. The r(1) values of Gd(C(8)-DOTP)(5-) and Gd(C(11)-DOTP)(5-) in water were similar to that of the parent GdDOTP(5-), a q = 0 complex known to relax water very efficiently via an outer-sphere mechanism. Neither fatty acid analogue formed apparent aggregates or micelles in water up to 20 mM, but both showed dramatic increases in r(1) upon addition of albumin. Further ultrafiltration studies of Gd(C(11)-DOTP)(5-) in the presence of non-defatted HSA showed that the complex binds at a minimum of five high-affinity fatty acid sites with stepwise binding constants ranging from 1.27 x 10(5) to 2.7 x 10(3) M(-1). The 20 MHz relaxivity of Gd(C(11)-DOTP)(5-) in the presence of excess HSA was 23 mM(-1) s(-1) at 25 degrees C. The NMRD curve showed a broad maximum 20-30 MHz which fitted well to standard theory for a q = 0 complex with rapid outer-sphere water exchange. The r(1b) of Gd(C(11)-DOTP)(5-) bound at the tightest site on HSA was approximately 40 mM(-1) s(-1) at 5 degrees C, an extraordinarily high value for an outer-sphere complex. However, the r(1b) of Gd(C(11)-DOTP)(5-) bound at the weaker sites on HSA was considerably lower, approaching the relaxivity of the free complex in water. This suggests that the complex bound in the highest affinity fatty acid site is less mobile than the same complex bound at the weaker affinity fatty acid sites. This combined ultrafiltration and relaxivity study demonstrates that the common assumption of a single r(1b) value for a Gd(3+) complex bound at several protein sites is not a valid approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caravan
- EPIX Medical, 71 Rogers Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Aime S, Botta IM, Fedeli F, Gianolio E, Terreno E, Anelli P. High-Relaxivity contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging based on multisite interactions between a beta-cyclodextrin oligomer and suitably functionalized GdIII chelates. Chemistry 2001; 7:5261-9. [PMID: 11822426 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011217)7:24<5261::aid-chem5261>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The results reported in this work show that tightly assembled adducts formed by trisubstituted GdIII complexes and a beta-CD multimer (Poly-beta-CD, d.p. ca. 12) may represent very interesting candidates for novel MRI applications wherein a high number of paramagnetic ions endowed with high relaxivity (per GdIII ion) are necessary. The relaxivities found for the paramagnetic adducts represent a remarkable step forward on the relaxivity scale. However, a detailed investigation of the determinants of the relaxation enhancement in these systems shows that their relaxivities are still limited by a nonoptimal tauR and a relatively long exchange lifetime of the coordinated water(s). Moreover, the exchange rate of the water molecule(s) coordinated to the GdIII ion further decreases upon binding to the Poly-beta-CD. It is suggested that this finding is related to the structural properties of the supramolecule, which brings a high density of hydroxyl groups into the proximity of the "guest" complexes, and this yields an overall reinforcement of the hydrogen-bonding network involving the coordinated water(s). On the other hand, such a tight arrangement appears responsible for an enhanced contribution to the observed relaxivity arising from water molecules in the second coordination sphere of the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aime
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM, Università di Torino, Italy.
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43
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Kobayashi H, Kawamoto S, Saga T, Sato N, Hiraga A, Ishimori T, Konishi J, Togashi K, Brechbiel MW. Positive effects of polyethylene glycol conjugation to generation-4 polyamidoamine dendrimers as macromolecular MR contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 2001; 46:781-8. [PMID: 11590655 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) acquire more hydrophilicity, resulting in a longer half-life in circulation and lower immunogenicity. Two novel conjugates for MRI contrast agents were synthesized from a generation-4 polyamidoamine dendrimer (G4D), 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M), and one or two PEG molecules with a molecular weight of 20000 Da (PEG(2)-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(62) (MW: 96 kD), PEG(1)-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(63) (MW: 77 kD)). Their pharmacokinetics, excretion, and properties as vascular MRI contrast agents were evaluated and compared with those of G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(64) (MW: 57 kD). PEG(2)-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(62) remained in the blood significantly longer and accumulated significantly less in the liver and kidney than the other two preparations (P < 0.01). Although the blood clearance was slower, PEG(2)-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(62) was excreted more readily without renal retention than the other two preparations. In conclusion, the positive effects of PEG conjugation on a macromolecular MRI contrast agent were found to be prolonged retention in the circulation, increased excretion, and decreased accumulation in the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Hitachi Medical Co. Chaired Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imagiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
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44
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Fonchy E, Lahrech H, François-Joubert A, Dupeyre R, Benderbous S, Corot C, Farion R, Rubin C, Décorps M, Rémy C. A new gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors: kinetic study on a C6 rat glioma model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14:97-105. [PMID: 11477666 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the potential interest of a new Gd-based contrast agent, termed P760, to characterize brain tumor heterogeneity and vascularization and to delineate regions containing permeable vessels. The C6 rat glioma model was used as a model of high-grade glioblastoma. The signal enhancement was measured as a function of time in the vascular compartment and in different regions of interest (ROIs) within the tumor after the injection of 0.02 mmol x kg(-1) of P760. The results were compared to those obtained after the injection of 0.1 mmol x kg(-1) of Gd-DOTA. We showed that P760, in spite of a Gd concentration five times smaller, produces an enhancement in the blood pool similar to that produced by Gd-DOTA. It was shown that P760 makes possible an excellent delineation of regions containing vessels with a damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB). Images acquired 5-10 minutes after P760 injection showed the location of permeable vessels more accurately than Gd-DOTA-enhanced images. The enhancement produced in the tumor by P760 was, however, less than that produced by Gd-DOTA. The extravasation and/or diffusion rate of P760 in the interstitial medium were found to be strongly reduced, compared to those found with Gd-DOTA. This study suggests that the new contrast agent has promising capabilities in clinical imaging of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonchy
- Unité mixte INSERM/Université Joseph Fourier, RMN Bioclinique U 438, LRC-CEA, Hôpital Albert Michallon, Grenoble, France
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45
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Duarte MG, Gil MH, Peters JA, Colet JM, Elst LV, Muller RN, Geraldes CF. Synthesis, characterization, and relaxivity of two linear Gd(DTPA)-polymer conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:170-7. [PMID: 11312677 DOI: 10.1021/bc000065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two linear polyamide conjugates of Gd(DTPA)2- were synthesized and characterized by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). DTPA was copolymerized with two different diamines, 1,6-hexanediamine and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine, yielding the polymers DTPA-HMD and DTPA-CHD, with low polydispersity. Their molecular flexibility in solution was studied using 13C spin-lattice relaxation time measurements, indicating that the cyclohexanediamine linking moiety of the DTPA-HMD polymer is more rigid than that of DTPA-CHD. The influence of the flexibility of the linking functionalities on the relaxivity of the Gd3+-DTPA-polymer conjugates was studied by water nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD). The relaxivity of the Gd(DTPA-CHD) polymer was only slightly higher than that of the Gd(DTPA-HMD) polymer, and only two times higher than the usual values for small Gd-DTPA-like chelates. The low relaxivities obtained for both polymers, much lower than expected from the polymer apparent molecular weights, result from their substantial residual flexibility, and also from a too long, nonoptimal, value of the inner-sphere water exchange rate. These polymeric compounds are also cleared very quickly from the blood of rats, indicating that they are of limited value as blood pool contrast agents for MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Duarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Apartado 3126, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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46
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Fatin-Rouge N, Tóth É, Perret D, Backer RH, Merbach AE, Bünzli JCG. Lanthanide Podates with Programmed Intermolecular Interactions: Luminescence Enhancement through Association with Cyclodextrins and Unusually Large Relaxivity of the Gadolinium Self-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fatin-Rouge
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Éva Tóth
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Perret
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin H. Backer
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André E. Merbach
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude G. Bünzli
- Contribution from the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bell JD, Taylor-Robinson SD. Assessing gene expression in vivo: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Gene Ther 2000; 7:1259-64. [PMID: 10918496 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy afford the possibility of detecting and assessing transfer, expression and subsequent therapeutic changes of effector or marker transgenes noninvasively. In the field of MR imaging, 'smart' MR contrast agents are being developed, so called because they change their conformational structure and in so doing induce MR detectable changes in a given tissue. These agents become 'switched on' in response to physiological changes brought about by the enzymatic action of a given gene product (enzymes), and are being developed for use in intact cells, isolated organs and animal models. Ultimately, these agents hold the promise of bridging the gap between the laboratory and the patient with noninvasive detection of transgene expression in vivo in man. Similarly, magnetic resonance spectroscopy is being developed as a noninvasive method to assess transgene expression indirectly by means of MR visible intracellular markers. These markers take the form of intracellular endo/exogenous metabolites associated with exogenous enzyme expression and function. Again, this technique will be applicable to a variety of different situations, from cell suspensions through to clinical imaging of the whole body. In this article the unique opportunities for laboratory-based and clinical studies afforded by MR techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Bell
- Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Bonk RT, Schmiedl UP, Yuan C, Nelson JA, Black CD, Ladd DL. Time-of-flight MR angiography with Gd-DTPA hexamethylene diamine co-polymer blood pool contrast agent: comparison of enhanced MRA and conventional angiography for arterial stenosis induced in rabbits. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 11:638-46. [PMID: 10862063 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2586(200006)11:6<638::aid-jmri10>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular stenoses were induced in the external iliac arteries of New Zealand white rabbits by a combination of hypercholesterolemic diet and repeat balloon injury. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed with a specifically designed phased array coil in a 1.5 T system. Enhancement with gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) hexamethylene diamine co-polymer (Nycomed: NC 22181), a blood pool MR contrast agent, was measured after contrast administration and compared with pre-contrast images at the same levels. Vessel diameter measurements were obtained at multiple levels and compared with comparable levels on conventional angiograms of the same animals. Stable enhancement, averaging 227% above baseline, was observed with the 3D TOF MRA over the 40 minutes of this study. Enhancement was not observed with the 2D TOF technique. Measurement of the smallest vessels in this study with 3D TOF MRA was slightly improved following contrast enhancement, although both pre- and post-contrast diameter measurements tended to underestimate the assumed true vessel diameter. Thus, Gd-DTPA hexamethylene diamine co-polymer (Nycomed: NC 22181), a blood pool MR contrast agent, produces significant, stable enhancement with the 3D TOF technique and may improve MRA measurement of small vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Bonk
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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50
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de Crespigny AJ, Howard D, D'Arceuil H, Muller H, Agoston AT, Seri S, Hashiguchi Y, Fujimoto C, Nakatani A, Moseley ME. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of Implanted VX2 tumors in rabbit muscle: comparison of Gd-DTPA and NMS60. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 17:1297-305. [PMID: 10576715 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(99)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the dynamics of injected contrast enhancement in implanted VX2 tumors in rabbit thigh muscle. We compared two contrast agents Gd-DTPA and NMS60, a novel gadolinium containing trimer of molecular weight 2.1 kd. T1-weighted spin echo images were acquired preinjection and at 5-60 min after i.v. injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of agent. Dynamic T1-weighted SPGR images (1.9 s/image) were acquired during the bolus injection. Male NZW rabbits (n = 13) were implanted with approximately 2 x 10(6) VX2 tumor cells and grew tumors of 28+/-27 mL over 12 to 21 days. NMS60 showed significantly greater peak enhancement in muscle, tumor rim, and core compared to DTPA in both T1-weighted and SPGR images. NMS60 also showed delayed peak enhancement in the dynamic scans (compared to Gd-DTPA) and significantly reduced leakage rate constant into the extravascular space for tumor rim (K21 = 5.1 min(-1) vs. 11.5 min(-1) based on a 2 compartment kinetic model). The intermediate weight contrast agent NMS60 offers greater tumor enhancement than Gd-DTPA and may offer improved regional differentiation on the basis of vascular permeability in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J de Crespigny
- Lucas Center, Dept. Radiology, Stanford University, CA 94305-5488, USA.
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