1
|
Jeong B, Choi SJ, Choi SH, Jang HJ, Byun JH, Won HJ, Shin YM. LI-RADS threshold growth based on tumor growth rate can improve the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3.0 cm. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1210-1218. [PMID: 37589898 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the revision of threshold growth (TG) in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018, the appropriate time period between the two examinations for TG has not been determined. We compared the accuracy of LI-RADS with TG based on tumor growth rate for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with that of LI-RADS v2018 based on the original TG. METHODS Patients who underwent preoperative MRI for focal solid lesions (≤ 3.0 cm) were retrospectively evaluated. Three readers measured the size of each lesion on prior CT/MRI and index MRI, with tumor growth rate defined as the percent change in lesion size per month. In addition to the original TG (≥ 50% size increase within ≤ 6 months), the modified TG based on tumor growth rates ≥ 10%/month (TG-10%), ≥ 20%/month (TG-20%), and ≥ 30%/month (TG-30%) were evaluated. The accuracies of these evaluation methods for LI-RADS category 5 HCC were compared using generalized estimation equations. RESULTS A total of 508 lesions from 370 patients were evaluated. Compared with LI-RADS v2018 with the original TG, the accuracy of LI-RADS with TG-10% was significantly higher (85.0% vs. 80.7%, p < .001), whereas the accuracies of LI-RADS with TG-20% (81.3% vs. 80.7%, p = .404) and TG-30% (79.3% vs. 80.7%, p = .052) were not significant. The sensitivity of LI-RADS with TG-10% was higher than that of LI-RADS v2018 (79.0% vs. 72.5%, p < .001), whereas their specificities were not significantly different (96.6% vs. 96.6%, p > .999). CONCLUSION TG-10% improved the sensitivity of LI-RADS by detecting additional hepatocellular carcinomas underestimated due to short-term follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Threshold growth based on tumor growth rate can be clinically useful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, by improving the sensitivity of LI-RADS. KEY POINTS • The diagnostic accuracy of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 was not significantly affected by the time interval between prior and index assessments of threshold growth. • In the 334 hepatocellular carcinomas, the frequency of threshold growth was significantly higher using tumor growth rate ≥ 10%/month (TG-10%) than original threshold growth (53.3% vs. 18.0%, p < .001). • Compared with LI-RADS v2018 with the original threshold growth, LI-RADS with TG-10% had significantly higher accuracy (85.0% vs. 80.7%, p < .001) and sensitivity (79.0% vs. 72.5%, p < .001) but a similar specificity (96.6% vs. 96.6%, p > .999).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boryeong Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ji Jang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Won
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Moon Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang T, Sofue K, Shimada R, Ishihara T, Yada R, Miyamoto M, Sasaki R, Murakami T. Comparative study of sub-second temporal resolution 4D-MRI and 4D-CT for target motion assessment in a phantom model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15685. [PMID: 37735180 PMCID: PMC10514030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop and investigate the feasibility of sub-second temporal resolution volumetric T1-weighted four-dimensional (4D-) MRI in comparison with 4D-CT for respiratory-correlated motion assessment using an MRI/CT-compatible phantom. Sub-second high temporal resolution (0.5 s) gradient-echo T1-weighted 4D-MRI was developed using a volumetric acquisition scheme with compressed sensing. An MRI/CT-compatible motion phantom (simulated liver tumor) with three sinusoidal movements of amplitudes and two respiratory patterns was introduced and imaged with 4D-MRI and 4D-CT to investigate the geometric accuracy of the target movement. The geometric accuracy, including centroid position, volume, similarity index of dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD), was systematically evaluated. Proposed 4D-MRI achieved a similar geometric accuracy compared with 4D-CT regarding the centroid position, volume, and similarity index. The observed position differences of the absolute average centroid were within 0.08 cm in 4D-MRI and 0.03 cm in 4D-CT, less than the 1-pixel resolution for each modality. The observed volume difference in 4D-MRI/4D-CT was within 0.73 cm3 (4.5%)/0.29 cm3 (2.1%) for a large target and 0.06 cm3 (11.3%)/0.04 cm3 (11.6%) for a small target. The observed DSC values for 4D-MRI/4D-CT were at least 0.93/0.95 for the large target and 0.83/0.84 for the small target. The maximum HD values were 0.25 cm/0.31 cm for the large target and 0.21 cm/0.15 cm for the small target. Although 4D-CT potentially exhibit superior numerical accuracy in phantom studies, the proposed high temporal resolution 4D-MRI demonstrates sub-millimetre geometric accuracy comparable to that of 4D-CT. These findings suggest that the 4D-MRI technique is a viable option for characterizing motion and generating phase-dependent internal target volumes within the realm of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Shimada
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyamoto
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahbazian H, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Borhani A, Mohseni A, Madani SP, Ansari G, Pawlik TM, Kamel IR. Multimodality imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:519-530. [PMID: 37439096 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are the two most common primary malignant tumors of the liver. The similarities and variations in imaging characteristics that may aid in distinguishing between these two primary tumors will be discussed and outlined in this review. Knowledge of imaging techniques that are currently available would assist in the differentiation between these primary malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneyeh Shahbazian
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali Borhani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alireza Mohseni
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seyedeh Panid Madani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Golnoosh Ansari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiang J, Sparks H, Rink JS, Meloni MF, Hao F, Sung KH, Lee EW. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging Evaluation of Perfusional Changes and Ablation Zone Size after Combination Embolization and Ablation Therapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:253-260. [PMID: 36368517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to assess the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in quantifying parenchymal perfusional changes after embolization and to characterize the association between pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and final microwave ablation volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS PK parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging were used to quantify perfusional changes in the liver after transarterial embolization of the right or left lobe in a swine liver model (n = 5). Each animal subject subsequently underwent microwave ablation (60 W for 5 minutes) of the embolized and nonembolized liver lobes. Changes in PK parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging were correlated with their respective final microwave ablation volumes in each liver lobe. RESULTS Microwave ablation volumes of embolized liver lobes were significantly larger than those of nonembolized liver lobes (28.0 mL ± 6.2 vs 15.1 mL ± 5.2, P < .001). PK perfusion parameters were significantly lower in embolized liver lobes than in nonembolized liver lobes (Ktrans = 0.69 min-1 ± 0.15 vs 1.52 min-1 ± 0.37, P < .001; kep = 0.69 min-1 ± 0.19 vs 1.54 min-1 ± 0.42, P < .001). There was a moderate but significant correlation between normalized kep and ablation volume, with each unit increase in normalized kep corresponding to a 9.8-mL decrease in ablation volume (P = .035). CONCLUSIONS PK-derived parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging can be used to quantify perfusional changes after transarterial embolization and are directly inversely correlated with final ablation volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiang
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Hiro Sparks
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johann S Rink
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Franca Meloni
- Casa di Cura Igea Milano, Inteventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Hao
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyung H Sung
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward W Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park EJ, Son JH, Choi SH. Imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:2089-2098. [PMID: 35389074 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched for studies providing data on imaging features of HCC in NAFLD and NASH between January 1, 2011 and July 19, 2021. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled percentages of the three major features of arterial-phase hyperenhancement (APHE), washout, and enhancing capsule. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed according to underlying liver disease (NASH vs. NAFLD) and imaging modality (CT vs. MRI). RESULTS Five studies (170 patients with 193 HCCs) were included in the analysis. The pooled percentages of APHE, washout, and enhancing capsule were 94.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 89.1-96.7%), 72.7% (95% CI 63.3-80.4%), and 57.5% (95% CI 45.1-69.1%), respectively. The percentages of these three major features did not significantly differ between NAFLD and NASH (p ≥ 0.21). MRI showed similar pooled percentages of APHE (94.3% vs. 93.4%, p = 0.82) and washout (70.4% vs. 77.2%, p = 0.38) to CT, but a higher pooled percentage of enhancing capsule (67.1% vs. 44.7%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION HCC in patients with NAFLD and NASH had a similar frequency of APHE to HCC with other etiology. However, it showed a relatively low frequency of washout and enhancing capsule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 875 Haeundae-ro, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Son
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 875 Haeundae-ro, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48108, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comparison of Gadobenate-Enhanced MRI and Gadoxetate-Enhanced MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection Using LI-RADS Version 2018: A Prospective Intraindividual Randomized Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 218:687-698. [PMID: 34817191 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.26818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gadobenate and gadoxetate demonstrate different degrees of intracellular accumulation within hepatocytes, potentially impacting these agents' relative performance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Objective: To perform an intraindividual comparison of gadobenate-enhanced MRI and gadoxetate-enhanced MRI for detection of HCC, and to assess the impact of inclusion of hepatobiliary phase images on HCC detection for both agents. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 126 patients (112 men, 14 women; mean age 52.3 years) at high risk for HCC who consented to undergo two 3-T liver MRI examinations [one using gadobenate (0.05 mmol/kg), one using gadoxetate (0.025 mmol/kg)], separated by 7-14 days. The order of the two contrast agents was randomized. All examinations included post-contrast dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images (120 minutes for gadobenate; 20 minutes for gadoxetate). Three radiologists independently reviewed the gadobenate and gadoxetate examinations in separate sessions and recorded the location of detected observations. Observations were classified using LI-RADS version 2018 and using a LI-RADS modification whereby hepatobiliary phase hypointensity may upgrade observations from LR-4 to LR-5. Observations classified as LR-5 were considered positive interpretations for HCC. Diagnostic performance for histologically confirmed HCC (n=96) was assessed. Results: Across readers, sensitivity for HCC using dynamic images alone was 74.0%-80.2% for gadobenate versus 54.2%-67.7% for gadoexetate and using dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images was 82.1%-87.4% for gadobenate versus 66.3%-81.1% for gadoxetate. For HCCs measuring 1.0-2.0 cm, sensitivity using dynamic images alone was 61.9% (all readers) for gadobenate versus 38.1%-57.1% for gadoxetate and using dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images was 76.2%-85.7% for gadobenate versus 52.4%-61.9% for gadoxetate. PPV for HCC ranged from 88.6%-97.4% across readers, agents, and image sets. Conclusion: Sensitivity for HCC was higher for gadobenate than for gadoxetate, whether using dynamic images alone or dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images; the improved sensitivity using gadobenate was more pronounced for small HCCs. While hepatobiliary phase images improved sensitivity for both agents, sensitivity of gadobenate using dynamic images alone compared favorably with that of gadoxetate using dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images. Clinical Impact: The findings support gadobenate as a preferred agent over gadoxetate when performing liver MRI in patients at high risk for HCC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khalil A, Elsheashaey A, Abdelsameea E, Obada M, Mohamed Bayomy FF, El-Said H. Role of bile acids in the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bile acids are essential organic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and regarded as indicators of hepatobiliary impairment; however, their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The study aimed to examine the feasibility of bile acids in distinguishing HCC from post hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis. A UPLC/MS was used to measure 14 bile acids in patients with noncirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), cirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 50), and control group (n = 50).
Results
The progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC was associated with a significant increase in serum bile acids compared to the normal or the noncirrhotic HCV disease (p < 0.05). The fold changes in bile acids concentrations showed a trend that HCC > cirrhotic HCV disease > noncirrhotic HCV disease. Four conjugated acids GCA, GCDCA, GUDCA, and TCDCA steadily increased across the different groups. ROC curves analysis revealed that these bile acids discriminated noncirrhotic liver patients from HCC (AUC 0.850–0.963), with a weaker potential to distinguish chronic liver cirrhosis from HCC (AUC 0.414–0.638).
Conclusion
The level of serum bile acid was associated primarily with liver cirrhosis, with little value in predicting the progress of chronic liver cirrhotic disease into hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kovac JD, Ivanovic A, Milovanovic T, Micev M, Alessandrino F, Gore RM. An overview of hepatocellular carcinoma with atypical enhancement pattern: spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings with pathologic correlation. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:130-143. [PMID: 33544992 PMCID: PMC8042819 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the setting of cirrhotic liver, the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is straightforward when typical imaging findings consisting of arterial hypervascularity followed by portal-venous washout are present in nodules larger than 1 cm. However, due to the complexity of hepatocarcinogenesis, not all HCCs present with typical vascular behaviour. Atypical forms such as hypervascular HCC without washout, isovascular or even hypovascular HCC can pose diagnostic dilemmas. In such cases, it is important to consider also the appearance of the nodules on diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatobiliary phase. In this regard, diffusion restriction and hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase are suggestive of malignancy. If both findings are present in hypervascular lesion without washout, or even in iso- or hypovascular lesion in cirrhotic liver, HCC should be considered. Moreover, other ancillary imaging findings such as the presence of the capsule, fat content, signal intensity on T2-weighted image favour the diagnosis of HCC. Another form of atypical HCCs are lesions which show hyperintensity on hepatobiliary phase. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide an overview of HCCs with atypical enhancement pattern, and focus on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. CONCLUSIONS In order to correctly characterize atypical HCC lesions in cirrhotic liver it is important to consider not only vascular behaviour of the nodule, but also ancillary MRI features, such as diffusion restriction, hepatobiliary phase hypointensity, and T2-weighted hyperintensity. Fat content, corona enhancement, mosaic architecture are other MRI feautures which favour the diagnosis of HCC even in the absence of typical vascular profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djokic Kovac
- Center for Radiology and MRI, Clinical Center Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ivanovic
- Center for Radiology and MRI, Clinical Center Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia School of Medicine, University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjan Micev
- Departament of Digestive Pathology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francesco Alessandrino
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Richard M. Gore
- Department of Gastrointestinal Radiology, NorthShore University, Evanston, Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago, ChicagoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lan H, Lin G, Zhong W. A meta-analysis of the added value of diffusion weighted imaging in combination with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma lesser or equal to 2 cm. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2739-2748. [PMID: 32782590 PMCID: PMC7400770 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been found to increase the sensitivity in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although additional studies are required to confirm its value. The aim of the present study was to explore the diagnostic performance of DWI combined with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for small HCC by performing a meta-analysis. Literature databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases) were searched to identify studies reporting the sensitivity and specificity of MRI with DWI for the diagnosis of small HCCs. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were generated using a bivariate random effect model. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to examine the value of DWI combined with conventional MRI. A total of 837 small HCCs and 545 benign liver lesions from 10 studies were included. The overall sensitivity and specificity of DWI combined with contrast-enhanced MRI was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.93) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.95), respectively. Compared with that in contrast-enhanced MRI, DWI with contrast-enhanced MRI had a significantly higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of small HCC (P=0.01) while there was no significant difference in the specificity (P=0.603). The present meta-analysis suggests that DWI combined with contrast-enhanced MRI may increase the sensitivity, whilst maintaining high specificity for the diagnosis of small HCCs with a diameter ≤2 cm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lan
- Department of Radiology, Wuchuan People's Hospital, Wuchuan, Guangdong 524500, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Xiaolan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hailong Lan, Department of Radiology, Wuchuan People's Hospital, 12 Jiefang North Road, Wuchuan, Guangdong 524500, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Guisen Lin
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Wuchuan People's Hospital, Wuchuan, Guangdong 524500, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang W, Yang C, Zhu K, Yang L, Ding Y, Luo R, Zhu S, Chen C, Sun W, Zeng M, Rao SX. Recurrence After Curative Resection of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnostic Algorithms on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:751-763. [PMID: 31901208 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can show atypical imaging patterns, and a specific diagnostic algorithm for HCC is lacking. This study aimed to better characterize postoperative recurrent HCCs <20 mm in size with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated 373 newly developed nodules after hepatectomy in 204 HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The diagnostic performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 was calculated with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI to characterize recurrent HCC. Modified diagnostic algorithms were proposed by combining significant imaging biomarkers related to subcentimeter and 10-19 mm recurrence, and the algorithms were then compared with the LI-RADS system. A total of 256 recurrent HCCs (108 recurrent HCCs <10 mm in size; 148 recurrent HCCs 10-19 mm in size) were confirmed via histology or follow-up imaging. Nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and 3 LI-RADS ancillary features (AFs; hepatobiliary phase hypointensity, mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity, and restricted diffusion) were significantly related to recurrent HCCs <20 mm in size according to a multivariate analysis. For subcentimeter recurrence, combining at least 2 of the 3 AFs only achieved better specificity (sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 87.7%) than the LR-4 category (sensitivity, 88.9%, P = 0.21; specificity, 70.8%, P = 0.006). For 10-19 mm recurrences, combining nonrim APHE and at least 1 of the 3 AFs achieved only a significantly enhanced sensitivity of 85.1% but a lower specificity of 86.5% compared with the LR-5 category (sensitivity: 63.5%, P < 0.001; specificity: 94.2%, P = 0.13). In conclusion, the diagnostic algorithms for subcentimeter and 10-19 mm recurrent HCCs should be stratified. Combining at least 2 AFs demonstrated comparable sensitivity with significantly enhanced specificity compared with the LR-4 category for characterizing subcentimeter recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A proposal for a useful algorithm to diagnose small hepatocellular carcinoma on MRI. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:74-79. [PMID: 31211723 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess MRI features for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and especially for nodules not showing both of the typical hallmarks. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred and sixty-four cirrhotic patients underwent liver MRI for 10-30 mm nodules suggestive of HCC. The diagnostic performances of MRI features [T1, T2; diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging signal, enhancement, capsule, fat content] were tested, both individually and in association with both typical hallmarks and as substitutions for one hallmark. The diagnostic reference was obtained using a multifactorial algorithm ensuring high specificity (Sp). RESULTS Four hundred and ninety-three nodules were analyzed. No alternative features, associations or substitutions outperformed the typical hallmarks for the diagnosis of HCC. For 10-20 mm nodules not displaying one of the typical hallmarks, hyperintensity on DW images was the most accurate substitutive sign, providing a sensitivity of 71.4% and Sp of 75% for nodules without arterial enhancement and sensitivity = 65.2% and Sp = 66% for nodules without washout on the portal or delayed phases. A new diagnostic algorithm, including typical hallmarks as a first step then the best-performing substitutive signs (capsule presence or DW hyperintensity) in combination with the nonmissing typical hallmark as a second step, enabled the correct classification of 77.7% of all nodules, regardless of size. CONCLUSION Using MRI, the typical hallmarks remain the best criteria for the diagnosis of small HCCs. However, by incorporating other MRI features, it is possible to build a simple algorithm enabling the noninvasive diagnosis of HCCs displaying both or only one of the typical hallmarks.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abou khadrah RS, Bedeer A. A small hepatic nodule ( ≤2 cm) in cirrhotic liver: doTriphasic MRI and Diffusion-weighted image help in diagnosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
13
|
Cerny M, Chernyak V, Olivié D, Billiard JS, Murphy-Lavallée J, Kielar AZ, Elsayes KM, Bourque L, Hooker JC, Sirlin CB, Tang A. LI-RADS Version 2018 Ancillary Features at MRI. Radiographics 2018; 38:1973-2001. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Maurer MH. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with MRI. Gut 2018; 67:1563-1565. [PMID: 29549097 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-315999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Renzulli M, Biselli M, Brocchi S, Granito A, Vasuri F, Tovoli F, Sessagesimi E, Piscaglia F, D'Errico A, Bolondi L, Golfieri R. New hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma, early hepatocellular carcinoma and high-grade dysplastic nodules on Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI in patients with cirrhosis: a new diagnostic algorithm. Gut 2018; 67:1674-1682. [PMID: 29437912 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many improvements have been made in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the radiological hallmarks of HCC have remained the same for many years. We prospectively evaluated the imaging criteria of HCC, early HCC and high-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs) in patients under surveillance for chronic liver disease, using gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. DESIGN Our study population included 420 nodules >1 cm in 228 patients. The MRI findings of each nodule were collected in all sequences/phases. The diagnosis of HCC was made according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria; all atypical nodules were diagnosed using histology. RESULTS A classification and regression tree was developed using three MRI findings which were independently significant correlated variables for early HCC/HCC, and the best sequence of their application in a new diagnostic algorithm (hepatobiliary hypointensity, arterial hyperintensity and diffusion restriction) was suggested. This algorithm demonstrated, both in the entire study population and for nodules ≤2 cm, higher sensitivity (96% [95% CI 93.5% to 97.6%] and 96.6% [95% CI 93.9% to 98.5%], P<0.001, respectively) and slightly lower specificity (91.8% [95% CI 88.6% to 94.1%], P=0.063, and 92.7% [95% CI 88.9% to 95.4%], P=0.125, respectively) than those of the AASLD criteria. Our new diagnostic algorithm also showed a very high sensitivity (94.7%; 95% CI 92% to 96.6%) and specificity (99.3%; 95% CI 97.7% to 99.8%) in classifying HGDN. CONCLUSION Our new diagnostic algorithm demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity and comparable specificity than those of the AASLD imaging criteria for HCC in patients with cirrhosis evaluated using Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI, even for lesions ≤2 cm. Moreover, this diagnostic algorithm allowed evaluating other lesions which could arise in a cirrhotic liver, such as early HCC and HGDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Renzulli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Biselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Brocchi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Granito
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- 'F Addarii' Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Tovoli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Sessagesimi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta D'Errico
- 'F Addarii' Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Min JH, Kim YK, Sinn DH, Choi SY, Jeong WK, Lee WJ, Ha SY, Ahn S, Kim MJ. Adding ancillary features to enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging improves diagnostic performance. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:2309-2320. [PMID: 29470629 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the added value of intratumoral ancillary features to conventional enhancement pattern-based diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 773 consecutive patients with surgically resected 773 primary hepatic tumors (699 HCCs, 63 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 11 benign nodules) who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were retrospectively identified. Enhancement patterns and three ancillary features of capsule, septum, and T2 spotty hyperintensity were assessed by two radiologists. Performance of enhancement pattern-based diagnosis of HCC was compared to diagnosis of HCC based on enhancement pattern plus ancillary features. RESULTS Enhancement patterns were positive (arterial diffuse hyperenhancement with washout) for 562 (72.7%) tumors, negative (no arterial hyperenhancement and no washout) for 75 (9.7%), and inconclusive (either no arterial hyperenhancement or no washout) for 136 (17.6%). Capsule was observed in 498 (64.4%) tumors, septum in 521 (67.3%), and T2 spotty hyperintensity in 107 (13.8%). The accuracy and sensitivity of HCC diagnosis was improved significantly after adding at least one ancillary feature compared with enhancement pattern-based diagnosis of HCCs (79.9% vs. 91.1% for accuracy, p < 0.0001 and 79.1% vs. 92.0% for sensitivity, p < 0.0001) with a minor tradeoff in specificity (87.8% vs. 82.4%, p = 0.125). Adding at least two ancillary features improved accuracy (88.1%, p < 0.0001) and sensitivity (88.1%, p < 0.0001) without changing specificity (87.8%, p = 1.0). CONCLUSION Adding intratumoral ancillary features of capsule, septum and T2 spotty hyperintensity to conventional enhancement patterns on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI improved accuracy and sensitivity, while maintaining specificity for HCC diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Min
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Youn Choi
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Ahn
- Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patella F, Pesapane F, Fumarola EM, Emili I, Spairani R, Angileri SA, Tresoldi S, Franceschelli G, Carrafiello G. CT-MRI LI-RADS v2017: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:222-236. [PMID: 29951368 PMCID: PMC6018316 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deceases worldwide. Early diagnosis is essential for correct management and improvement of prognosis. Proposed for the first time in 2011 and updated for the last time in 2017, the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a comprehensive system for standardized interpretation and reporting of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) liver examinations, endorsed by the American College of Radiology to achieve congruence with HCC diagnostic criteria in at-risk populations. Understanding its algorithm is fundamental to correctly apply LI-RADS in clinical practice. In this pictorial review, we provide a guide for beginners, explaining LI-RADS indications, describing major and ancillary features and eventually elucidating the diagnostic algorithm with the use of some clinical examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patella
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pesapane
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence to: Filippo Pesapane, Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy. Tel: +39-13012751123; Fax: +39-2-50323393; E-mail:
| | - Enrico Maria Fumarola
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Emili
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spairani
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alessio Angileri
- Department of Health Sciences, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tresoldi
- Department of Health Sciences, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Franceschelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Department of Health Sciences, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Picchia S, Bali MA. Bifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: Magnetic resonance imaging features after transarterial embolization. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:319-321. [PMID: 29729826 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to show the typical appearance of a bifocal hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging before and after locoregional treatment consisting of transarterial embolization (TAE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Picchia
- Department of Radiology University "La Sapienza", I.C.O.T Hospital, Latina, Italy; Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taron J, Johannink J, Bitzer M, Nikolaou K, Notohamiprodjo M, Hoffmann R. Added value of diffusion-weighted imaging in hepatic tumors and its impact on patient management. Cancer Imaging 2018. [PMID: 29514710 PMCID: PMC5842618 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-018-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the added diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the liver and its impact on therapy decisions in patients with hepatic malignancy. Methods Interdisciplinary gastrointestinal tumorboard cases concerning patients with hepatic malignancies discussed between 11/2015 and 06/2016 were included in this retrospective, single-center study. Two radiologists independently reviewed the respective liver MR-examination first without, then with DWI. The readers were blinded regarding number, position and size of hepatic malignancies. Cases in which DWI revealed additional findings concerning the hepatic tumor status as compared to conventional sequences alone were presented to experienced members of the interdisciplinary tumor board. In this retrospective setting changes in treatment decisions based on these additional findings in the DWI sequences were recorded. Results A total of 87 patients were included. DWI revealed additional findings in 12 patients (13,8%). These new findings had a direct effect on the therapy in 8 patients (9,2%): In 6 patients (6,9%) the surgical/interventional treatment was adapted (n = 5: extended resection, n = 1: with transarterial chemoembolization of a single hepatocellular carcinoma only detectable in DWI); 2 patients (2,3%) received systemic therapy (n = 1: neo-adjuvant, n = 1: palliative) based on the additional findings in DWI. In 4 patients (4.6%) additional DWI findings did not affect the therapeutic decision. Conclusions DWI is a relevant diagnostic tool in oncologic imaging of the liver. By providing further information regarding tumor load in hepatic malignancies it can lead to a significant change in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Taron
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Johannink
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mike Notohamiprodjo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Hoffmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang A, Bashir MR, Corwin MT, Cruite I, Dietrich CF, Do RKG, Ehman EC, Fowler KJ, Hussain HK, Jha RC, Karam AR, Mamidipalli A, Marks RM, Mitchell DG, Morgan TA, Ohliger MA, Shah A, Vu KN, Sirlin CB. Evidence Supporting LI-RADS Major Features for CT- and MR Imaging-based Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Radiology 2018; 286:29-48. [PMID: 29166245 PMCID: PMC6677284 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) standardizes the interpretation, reporting, and data collection for imaging examinations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It assigns category codes reflecting relative probability of HCC to imaging-detected liver observations based on major and ancillary imaging features. LI-RADS also includes imaging features suggesting malignancy other than HCC. Supported and endorsed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the system has been developed by a committee of radiologists, hepatologists, pathologists, surgeons, lexicon experts, and ACR staff, with input from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing. Development of LI-RADS has been based on literature review, expert opinion, rounds of testing and iteration, and feedback from users. This article summarizes and assesses the quality of evidence supporting each LI-RADS major feature for diagnosis of HCC, as well as of the LI-RADS imaging features suggesting malignancy other than HCC. Based on the evidence, recommendations are provided for or against their continued inclusion in LI-RADS. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Tang
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Mustafa R. Bashir
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Michael T. Corwin
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Irene Cruite
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Richard K. G. Do
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Eric C. Ehman
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Kathryn J. Fowler
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Hero K. Hussain
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Reena C. Jha
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | | | - Adrija Mamidipalli
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Robert M. Marks
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Donald G. Mitchell
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Tara A. Morgan
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Amol Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Kim-Nhien Vu
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| | - For the LI-RADS Evidence Working Group
- From the Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, 1000 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 0C2 (A.T., K.N.V.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Calif (M.T.C.); Inland Imaging, Spokane, Wash (I.C.); Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany (C.F.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.G.D.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (E.C.E.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (H.K.H.); Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (R.C.J.); Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass (A.R.K.); Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California San Diego, Calif (A.M., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (T.A.M., M.A.O.); Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif (M.A.O.); and Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chernyak V, Tang A, Flusberg M, Papadatos D, Bijan B, Kono Y, Santillan C. LI-RADS ® ancillary features on CT and MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018. [PMID: 28647768 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) uses an algorithm to assign categories that reflect the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-HCC malignancy, or benignity. Unlike other imaging algorithms, LI-RADS utilizes ancillary features (AFs) to refine the final category. AFs in LI-RADS v2017 are divided into those favoring malignancy in general, those favoring HCC specifically, and those favoring benignity. Additionally, LI-RADS v2017 provides new rules regarding application of AFs. The purpose of this review is to discuss ancillary features included in LI-RADS v2017, the rationale for their use, potential pitfalls encountered in their interpretation, and tips on their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Demetri Papadatos
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bijan Bijan
- Sutter Imaging (SMG)/University of California Davis (UCD), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Kono
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Santillan
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taouli B, Hoshida Y, Kakite S, Chen X, Tan PS, Sun X, Kihira S, Kojima K, Toffanin S, Fiel MI, Hirschfield H, Wagner M, Llovet JM. Imaging-based surrogate markers of transcriptome subclasses and signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4472-4481. [PMID: 28439654 PMCID: PMC5654702 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this preliminary study, we examined whether imaging-based phenotypes are associated with reported predictive gene signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Thirty-eight patients (M/F 30/8, mean age 61 years) who underwent pre-operative CT or MR imaging before surgery as well as transcriptome profiling were included in this IRB-approved single-centre retrospective study. Eleven qualitative and four quantitative imaging traits (size, enhancement ratios, wash-out ratio, tumour-to-liver contrast ratios) were assessed by three observers and were correlated with 13 previously reported HCC gene signatures using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-nine HCC tumours (mean size 5.7 ± 3.2 cm) were assessed. Significant positive associations were observed between certain imaging traits and gene signatures of aggressive HCC phenotype (G3-Boyault, Proliferation-Chiang profiles, CK19-Villanueva, S1/S2-Hoshida) with odds ratios ranging from 4.44-12.73 (P <0.045). Infiltrative pattern at imaging was significantly associated with signatures of microvascular invasion and aggressive phenotype. Significant but weak associations were also observed between each enhancement ratio and tumour-to-liver contrast ratios and certain gene expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrates a correlation between phenotypic imaging traits with gene signatures of aggressive HCC, which warrants further prospective validation to establish imaging-based surrogate markers of molecular phenotypes in HCC. KEY POINTS • There are associations between imaging and gene signatures of aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma. • Infiltrative type is associated with gene signatures of microvascular invasion and aggressiveness. • Infiltrative type may be a surrogate marker of microvascular invasion gene signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Taouli
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suguru Kakite
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Radiology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishicho, Yonago City, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Xintong Chen
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Poh Seng Tan
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shingo Kihira
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Toffanin
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadassa Hirschfield
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Wagner
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- UPMC, Department of Radiology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mehta N, Dodge JL, Roberts JP, Hirose R, Yao FY. Misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients receiving no local-regional therapy prior to liver transplant: An analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network explant pathology form. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [PMID: 28881064 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with T1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not eligible for Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception for liver transplant (LT) in part due to a high rate of misdiagnosis (no HCC on explant). The likelihood of misdiagnosis for T2 HCC and factors associated with misdiagnosis are unknown. We analyzed the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database including 5664 adults who underwent LT from 2012 to 2015 with MELD exception for T2 HCC, and searched for no evidence of HCC in the explant pathology file. We focused on those (n = 324) receiving no local-regional therapy (LRT) to evaluate the probability of no HCC found in explant. Median waiting time was short at 1.7 months, and 35 (11%) had no HCC on explant. On multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with no HCC on explant were age <50 (OR: 17.3, P < .001), non-HCV (OR: 5.4, P = .001), and alpha-fetoprotein <10 (OR: 2.9, P = .04). Tumor size and number were not different between groups. The proportion of misdiagnosis did not change significantly after implementation of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) for HCC diagnosis. CONCLUSION The rate of misdiagnosis was 11% among T2 HCC patients who underwent LT without receiving LRT prior to LT and did not change significantly after implementation of LI-RADS. More efforts are needed to eliminate unnecessary LT for patients without HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Dodge
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John P Roberts
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryutaro Hirose
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis Y Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hwang J, Kim YK, Min JH, Choi SY, Jeong WK, Hong SS, Kim HJ, Ahn S, Ahn HS. Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4581-4590. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in liver transplants. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:3117-3127. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Debees NL, Sherif MF, Yones SG, Ahmad AH. Assessment of hepatic focal lesions on top of cirrhotic liver using dynamic and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
27
|
Grözinger G, Bitzer M, Syha R, Ketelsen D, Nikolaou K, Lauer U, Horger M. Correlation of magnetic resonance signal characteristics and perfusion parameters assessed by volume perfusion computed tomography in hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on lesion characterization. World J Radiol 2016; 8:683-692. [PMID: 27551338 PMCID: PMC4965352 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i7.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To find out if magnetic resonance (MR)-signal characteristics of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) correlate with perfusion parameters assessed by volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT).
METHODS: From October 2009 to January 2014, 26 (mean age, 69.3 years) patients with 36 HCC lesions who underwent both VPCT and MR liver imaging were analysed. We compared signal intensity in the T1w- and T2w-images and wash-in/wash-out kinetics on post-contrast MR images with mean values of blood flow (BF, mL/100 mL per minute), blood volume (BV, mL/100 mL), k-trans (mL/100 mL per minute), arterial liver perfusion (mL/100 mL per minute), portal venous perfusion and hepatic perfusion index (HPI, %) obtained by VPCT. Signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was classified hyper/iso/hypointense compared with surrounding liver parenchyma.
RESULTS: Signal intensity on native T1w- and T2w-images was hyper/iso/hypo in 4/16/16 and 21/14/1 lesions, respectively. Wash-in and wash-out contrast kinetics were found on MRI in 33 of 36 lesions (91.7%) and 25 of 36 lesions (69.4%), respectively. The latter was observed significantly more often in higher graded lesions (P < 0.005). HPI was 94.7% ± 6.5%. There was no significant relationship between lesion’s MR-signal intensity, MR signal combinations, size and any of the VPCT-perfusion parameters. However HPI was constantly high in all HCC lesions.
CONCLUSION: VPCT parameters add limited value to MR-lesion characterization. However in HCC lesions with atypical MR signal characteristics HPI can add a parameter to ensure HCC diagnosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Choi SH, Byun JH, Lim YS, Yu E, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Won HJ, Shin YM, Kim PN. Diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma ⩽3 cm with hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1099-1107. [PMID: 26820629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current diagnostic imaging criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are dedicated to imaging with nonspecific extracellular contrast agents. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic criteria for HCC ⩽3 cm on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a hepatocyte-specific contrast agent through an inception cohort study. METHODS Of 291 patients with chronic liver disease and new nodules of 1-3 cm in diameter at surveillance ultrasonography, 295 solid nodules (194 HCCs, 98 benign nodules, and three other malignancies) in 198 patients with a confirmed final diagnosis or ⩾24 months follow-up were evaluated on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, various diagnostic criteria were developed by combining significant MRI findings for diagnosing HCC. The diagnostic performance of each criterion was compared with that of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. RESULTS Four MRI findings (arterial-phase hyperintensity, transitional-phase hypointensity, hepatobiliary-phase hypointensity, and rim enhancement) were independently significant for diagnosis of HCC ⩽3 cm. For whole nodules, EASL criteria showed the best performance for diagnosing HCC (sensitivity, 83.5%; specificity, 81.2%). For nodules ⩽2 cm in diameter, a new criterion (arterial-phase hyperintensity and hepatobiliary-phase hypointensity) showed a significantly higher sensitivity than that of the EASL criteria (83.0% vs. 74.5%, p=0.008), without a significantly different specificity (76.7% vs. 81.1%, p=0.125). CONCLUSIONS EASL criteria exhibit the best diagnostic performance for HCC ⩽3 cm on hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced MRI. A newly identified criterion (arterial-phase hyperintensity and hepatobiliary-phase hypointensity) may increase the diagnostic sensitivity of small (⩽2 cm) HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Won
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Moon Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyo Nyun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mehta N, Sarkar M, Dodge JL, Fidelman N, Roberts JP, Yao FY. Intention to treat outcome of T1 hepatocellular carcinoma with the "wait and not ablate" approach until meeting T2 criteria for liver transplant listing. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:178-87. [PMID: 26479422 PMCID: PMC4803445 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with T1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 1 lesion < 2 cm) are currently not eligible for priority listing for liver transplantation (LT). A common practice is to wait without locoregional therapy (LRT) until tumor growth occurs from T1 to T2 (1 lesion 2-5 cm or 2-3 lesions ≤ 3 cm) to be eligible for listing with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception. We aimed to evaluate the intention to treat outcome of the "wait and not ablate" approach for nonresection candidates with T1 HCC until tumor growth to T2. The study included 114 patients with T1 HCC 1.0-1.9 cm followed by serial imaging every 3 months. Two investigators performed independent imaging reviews to confirm the diagnosis. Median increase in total tumor diameter was 0.14 cm/month. Probabilities of progression from T1 to directly beyond T2 without LT listing were 4.4% at 6 months and 9.0% at both 12 and 24 months. The 1- and 3-year survival was 94.5% and 75.5%. In multivariate analysis, predictors of rapid tumor progression, defined as a > 1 cm increase in total tumor diameter over 3 months, included alcoholic liver disease (odds ratio [OR], 6.52; P = 0.02) and Hispanic race (OR, 3.86; P = 0.047), whereas hepatitis B appeared to be protective (OR, 0.09; P = 0.04). By competing risks regression, predictors of exclusion from LT (with or without listing for LT under T2) were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 500 ng/mL (HR, 12.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-57.0; P = 0.001) and rapid tumor progression (HR, 5.68; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the "wait and not ablate" approach until tumor growth from T1 to T2 before LT listing is associated with a <10% risk of tumor progression to directly beyond T2 criteria. However, patients with AFP ≥ 500 ng/mL and rapid tumor progression are at high risk for wait-list dropout and should receive early LRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer L. Dodge
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicholas Fidelman
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - John P. Roberts
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Francis Y. Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Renzulli M, Golfieri R. Proposal of a new diagnostic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma based on the Japanese guidelines but adapted to the Western world for patients under surveillance for chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:69-80. [PMID: 26312574 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, despite many scientific evidences, the guidelines of the principal hepatological societies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, do not recognize the diagnostic superiority of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, for the most part, do not contemplate the use of hepatospecific contrast media, such as gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (EOB). The aim of this paper was to analyze the recent results of EOB-MRI in the study of chronic liver disease and the differences between the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines, of which the latter represents the most consolidated experience on EOB-MRI use for HCC diagnosis. Finally, a new diagnostic algorithm for HCC in patients under surveillance for chronic liver disease was formulated, which contemplates the use of EOB. This new diagnostic algorithm is based on the Japan Society of Hepatology algorithm but goes beyond it by adapting it to the Western world, taking into account both the difference between the two and the latest results concerning the diagnosis of HCC. This new diagnostic algorithm for HCC is proposed in order to provide useful diagnostic tools to all those Western countries where the use of EOB (more expensive than extracellular contrast media) is widespread but in which common strategies to manage the nodules that this new contrast agent allows identifying have not been available to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Renzulli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Prevention, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Predictors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhotic patients scanned by gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: diagnostic accuracy and confidence. Clin Imaging 2015; 39:1032-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Arif-Tiwari H, Kalb B, Chundru S, Sharma P, Costello J, Guessner RW, Martin DR. MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update of current practices. Diagn Interv Radiol 2015; 20:209-21. [PMID: 24808419 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2014.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and liver transplantation is the optimal treatment for selected patients with HCC and chronic liver disease (CLD). Accurate selection of patients for transplantation is essential to maximize patient outcomes and ensure optimized allocation of donor organs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for the detection, characterization, and staging of HCC. In patients with CLD, the MRI findings of an arterial-enhancing mass with subsequent washout and enhancing capsule on delayed interstitial phase images are diagnostic for HCC. Major organizations with oversight for organ donor distribution, such as The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), accept an imaging diagnosis of HCC, no longer requiring tissue biopsy. In patients that are awaiting transplantation, or are not candidates for liver transplantation, localized therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation may be offered. MRI can be used to monitor treatment response. The purpose of this review article is to describe the role of imaging methods in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of HCC, with particular emphasis on established and evolving MRI techniques employing nonspecific gadolinium chelates, hepatobiliary contrast agents, and diffusion weighted imaging. We also briefly review the recently developed Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) formulating a standardized terminology and reporting structure for evaluation of lesions detected in patients with CLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Arif-Tiwari
- From the Departments of Medical Imaging University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Imaging Requirements for Utilization of T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: Effect of Hepatic Iron Content. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:468-72. [PMID: 26182222 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of the level of inherent hepatic iron deposition on the ability of multiecho T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*WI) to identify hepatocellular carcinoma. This is relevant to the ancillary features described in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System reporting system. METHODS This retrospective review identified liver transplant patients with a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T including gradient-recalled echo T2*WI (echo time, 9.5, 19.3, 29.0 milliseconds). A blinded, randomized reading was performed by a single reader of each of the images at each echo time. Hepatic iron content (HIC) was calculated for each participant and compared with the results of the blinded read. RESULTS Ninety-eight HCCs were identified on explant pathology in 73 participants. Of these, 57 HCCs (58%) were identified on T2*WI. However, no HCCs were visible in participants with HIC < 1.0 mg/g. For participants with HIC > 1.0 mg/g, 57 (88%) of 65 HCCs were visible. CONCLUSIONS Most of HCCs can be identified on T2*WI without gadolinium; however, performance is significantly affected by background HIC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Santillan CS, Tang A, Cruite I, Shah A, Sirlin CB. Understanding LI-RADS: a primer for practical use. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2015; 22:337-52. [PMID: 25086933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a comprehensive system for standardized interpretation and reporting of computed tomography and magnetic resonance examinations performed in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. LI-RADS includes a diagnostic algorithm, lexicon, and atlas as well as suggestions for reporting, management, and imaging techniques. This primer provides an introduction to LI-RADS for radiologists including an explanation of the diagnostic algorithm, descriptions of the categories, and definitions of the major imaging features used to categorize observations with case examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S Santillan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Centre de recherché du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, 1058 Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3J4, Canada
| | - Irene Cruite
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6113, USA
| | - Amol Shah
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Di Pietropaolo M, Briani C, Federici GF, Marignani M, Begini P, Delle Fave G, Iannicelli E. Comparison of diffusion-weighted imaging and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma and hypovascular hepatocellular nodules. Clin Imaging 2015; 39:468-75. [PMID: 25748089 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nodules at high risk of HCC transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated nodules' size, vascular pattern, and signal intensity on hepatobiliary phase images and on DWI of 105 nodules (41 cirrhotic patients). RESULTS A total of 35/66 HCCs identified on Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI showed hyperintensity on DWI. A total of 25/39 nodules (hypovascular and hypointense nodule on hepatobiliary phase images) progressed to HCC (higher risk for nodules ≥10mm in size and hyperintense on DWI, P<.05). CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI demonstrated a significant role in the identification of nodule at higher risk of HCC transformation, and hyperintensity on DWI was associated with progression to HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Pietropaolo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Briani
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Francesca Federici
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Marignani
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Begini
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Delle Fave
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Elsa Iannicelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jha RC, Zanello PA, Nguyen XM, Pehlivanova M, Johnson LB, Fishbein T, Shetty K. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: MRI findings for predicting tumor growth rates. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:1455-64. [PMID: 25300723 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Current clinical practice favors imaging rather than biopsy to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a need to better understand tumor biology and aggressiveness of HCC. Our goal is to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of HCC that are associated with faster growth rates (GRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS After approval from institutional review board, a retrospective evaluation was performed of pre-liver transplant patients. Fifty-two patients who developed a >2 cm HCC on serial imaging were included in the study group, with a total of 60 HCCs seen. Precursor foci were identified on serial MRIs before the specific diagnostic features of >2 cm HCC could be made, and GRs and MRI features, including signal on T1- and T2-weighted images (WI), the presence of intralesional steatosis on chemical shift imaging, and enhancement pattern were analyzed. GRs were correlated with imaging features. RESULTS The average GR of precursor lesions to >2 cm HCC was determined to be 0.23 cm/mo (standard deviation [SD], 0.32), with a doubling time of 5.26 months (SD, 5.44). The presence of increased signal intensity (SI) on T2-WI was associated with significantly higher growth (P = .0002), whereas increased intensity on T1-WI at the initial study was associated with a significantly lower GR (P = .0162). Furthermore, lesions with hypervascular enhancement with washout pattern had significantly higher GR (P = .0164). There is no evidence of differences in GRs seen in lesions with steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Small precursor lesions with increased SI on T2-WI and a washout pattern of enhancement are associated with faster GRs, which may suggest more aggressive tumor biology. These features may be helpful in patient management and surveillance for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena C Jha
- Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007.
| | | | - Xai Mai Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Marieta Pehlivanova
- MedStar Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Washington DC
| | - Lynt B Johnson
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas Fishbein
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kirti Shetty
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu MH, Kim JH, Yoon JH, Kim HC, Chung JW, Han JK, Choi BI. Small (≤1-cm) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnostic Performance and Imaging Features at Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology 2014; 271:748-60. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14131996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Bultman EM, Brodsky EK, Horng DK, Irarrazaval P, Schelman WR, Block WF, Reeder SB. Quantitative hepatic perfusion modeling using DCE-MRI with sequential breathholds. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 39:853-65. [PMID: 24395144 PMCID: PMC3962525 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a new formulation for quantitative perfusion modeling in the liver using interrupted DCE-MRI data acquired during multiple sequential breathholds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new mathematical formulation to estimate quantitative perfusion parameters using interrupted data was developed. Using this method, we investigated whether a second degree-of-freedom in the tissue residue function (TRF) improves quality-of-fit criteria when applied to a dual-input single-compartment perfusion model. We subsequently estimated hepatic perfusion parameters using DCE-MRI data from 12 healthy volunteers and 9 cirrhotic patients with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and examined the utility of these estimates in differentiating between healthy liver, cirrhotic liver, and HCC. RESULTS Quality-of-fit criteria in all groups were improved using a Weibull TRF (2 degrees-of-freedom) versus an exponential TRF (1 degree-of-freedom), indicating nearer concordance of source DCE-MRI data with the Weibull model. Using the Weibull TRF, arterial fraction was greater in cirrhotic versus normal liver (39 ± 23% versus 15 ± 14%, P = 0.07). Mean transit time (20.6 ± 4.1 s versus 9.8 ± 3.5 s, P = 0.01) and arterial fraction (39 ± 23% versus 73 ± 14%, P = 0.04) were both significantly different between cirrhotic liver and HCC, while differences in total perfusion approached significance. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the feasibility of estimating hepatic perfusion parameters using interrupted data acquired during sequential breathholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Bultman
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ethan K. Brodsky
- Dept. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Debra K. Horng
- Dept. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pablo Irarrazaval
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Walter F. Block
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott B. Reeder
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iannicelli E, Di Pietropaolo M, Marignani M, Briani C, Federici GF, Delle Fave G, David V. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma and hypointense nodule observed in the hepatobiliary phase. Radiol Med 2013; 119:367-76. [PMID: 24297598 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging both in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and precancerous lesions and in the assessment of their evolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken on 56 patients with chronic liver disease and suspected liver lesions. We evaluated the number, size and signal intensity of the nodules on dynamic and hepatobiliary MR images. Follow-up studies were carried out every 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 120 nodules were identified in 41 patients. Of these, 92/120 nodules (76.6%; mean diameter 18.4 mm) showed the typical HCC vascular pattern: 90/92 nodules appeared hypointense and 2/92 were hyperintense on hepatobiliary phase images. An additional 28/120 hypointense, nonhypervascular nodules (23.3%; mean diameter 11 mm) were detected on hepatobiliary phase images, 15 of which showed hypointensity also on the equilibrium phase images. During the 3- to 12-month follow-up, 14/28 nodules (mean diameter 13.3 mm) developed the typical vascular pattern of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging is useful for detecting HCC as well as hypovascular nodules with potential progression to HCC. Lesions measuring more than 10 mm in diameter are at higher risk of developing into HCC (p = 0.0128).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Iannicelli
- Facoltà di Medicina e Psicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche e di Medicina Traslazionale, Istituto di Radiologia, Università di Roma, Sapienza, Rome, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Haimerl M, Wächtler M, Platzek I, Müller-Wille R, Niessen C, Hoffstetter P, Schreyer AG, Stroszczynski C, Wiggermann P. Added value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced Hepatobiliary phase MR imaging in evaluation of focal solid hepatic lesions. BMC Med Imaging 2013; 13:41. [PMID: 24289722 PMCID: PMC3866976 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Correct characterization of focal solid hepatic lesions has always been a challenge and is of great diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The purpose of this study was to determine the added value of hepatobiliary phase images in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating focal solid hepatic lesions. Methods In this retrospective trial 84 consecutive patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR examinations. MRI was conducted for 64 patients with malignant focal hepatic lesions (34 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 30 metastases) and for 20 patients with benign hepatic lesions (14 focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), 3 adenoma, 3 hemangioma). Five radiologists independently reviewed three sets of MR images by means of a 5-point confidence scale from score 1 (definitely benign) to score 5 (definitely malignant): set 1: unenhanced images; set 2: unenhanced and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced dynamic images; set 3: hepatobiliary phase images in addition to set 2. Accuracy was assessed by the alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) and the index of diagnostic performance was calculated. Results Diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved by the addition of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced dynamic images: Az in set 1 was 0.708 and 0.833 in set 2 (P = 0.0002). The addition of hepatobiliary phase images increased the Az value to 0.941 in set 3 (set 3 vs set 2, P < 0.0001; set 3 vs set 1, P < 0.0001). The index of diagnostic performance was lowest in set 1 (45%), improved in set 2 (71%), and highest in set 3 (94%). Conclusions Hepatobiliary phase images obtained after Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced dynamic MRI improve the differentiation of focal solid hepatic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haimerl
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Indeterminate Observations (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 3) on MRI in the Cirrhotic Liver: Fate and Clinical Implications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:993-1001. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
42
|
Quaia E, Pizzolato R, De Paoli L, Angileri R, Ukmar M, Assunta Cova M. Arterial enhancing-only nodules less than 2 cm in diameter in patients with liver cirrhosis: Predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced mr imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:892-902. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
43
|
Impact of diffusion-weighted MR imaging on the characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:656-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
44
|
Kim DJ, Yu JS, Kim JH, Chung JJ, Kim KW. Small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas: value of diffusion-weighted imaging compared with "washout" appearance on dynamic MRI. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e879-86. [PMID: 22573299 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/23975164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) with the venous "washout" appearance during dynamic MRI for the assessment of small arterial hypervascular lesions in cirrhotic liver. METHODS After exclusion of benign hypervascular lesions, including haemangiomas and subcapsular non-tumorous arterioportal shunts, indicated by typical imaging features, a total of 109 small arterial hypervascular lesions (0.5-3.0 cm in the longest diameter) in 65 patients with cirrhosis who underwent gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced dynamic MRI and DWI (b=50, 400, 800 s mm(-2)) at 1.5 T during a 16-month period were retrospectively analysed to determine the presence of venous washout during dynamic imaging or sustained hyperintensity upon increasing the b factor size on DWI. RESULTS Among the 99 hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), sustained hyperintensity on DWI (92/99, 93%) was more prevalent than the washout appearance (72/99, 72%) on dynamic MRI (p<0.001). Depending on the lesion size, subcentimetre-sized HCCs had a significantly lower prevalence of venous washout (13/30, 43%) than the sustained hyperintensity on DWI (27/30, 90%) (p=0.001). In all 10 hypervascular benign conditions, there was no venous washout on dynamic MRI and no sustained hyperintensity on DWI. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of hypervascular HCCs were 92.9% and 100% in DWI and 72% and 100% in dynamic MRI, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with the venous washout during dynamic imaging, DWI provides more reliable information in the MRI assessment of small hypervascular HCCs, distinguishing them from atypical hypervascular benign or pseudolesions. DWI could complement the early diagnosis of small hypervascular HCCs that do not display venous washout during dynamic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Kim
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Witjes CDM, Willemssen FEJA, Verheij J, van der Veer SJ, Hansen BE, Verhoef C, de Man RA, Ijzermans JNM. Histological differentiation grade and microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma predicted by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:641-7. [PMID: 22532493 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), imaging characteristics were correlated with pathological findings and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS With permission from the Ethical Board, clinical data and tissues of resected HCC patients were collected, including the preoperative MRI. The role of MRI characteristics on recurrence and survival were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Between January 2000 and December 2008, 87 patients with 104 HCCs were operated on. Microvascular invasion was present in 55 lesions (53%). HCC was characterized as well differentiated in 15 lesions (14%), as moderate in 50 lesions (48%), and as poorly differentiated in 34 lesions (33%). Due to preoperative treatment in five lesions (5%) no vital tumor was left. In 85 lesions (88%) washout of contrast was noted. Of the 87 patients, 28 (32%) with 37 lesions developed HCC recurrence; these patients had microvascular invasion significantly more often and a moderate or poorly differentiated tumor (P < 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). MRI more often showed washout when HCC was moderately or poorly differentiated (P < 0.001) or microvascular invasion was present (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION Differentiation grade and microvascular invasion are significantly associated with the presence of washout demonstrated on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D M Witjes
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 's Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Korkusuz H, Knau L, Kromen W, Huebner F, Hammerstingl R, Lindemayr S, Bihrer V, Piiper A, Vogl TJ. Gadoxetate acid-enhanced MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma in a c-myc/TGFα transgenic mouse model including signal intensity and fat content: initial experience. Cancer Imaging 2012; 12:72-8. [PMID: 22418445 PMCID: PMC3335333 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models, such as double transgenic c-myc/TGFα mice, with specific pathway abnormalities might be more successful at predicting the clinical response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. But a major drawback of the tumour models is the difficulty of visualizing endogenously formed tumours. The optimal imaging procedure should be brief and minimally invasive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) satisfies these criteria and gadoxetate acid-enhanced MRI improves the detection of HCC. Fat content is stated to be an additional tool to help assess tumour responses, for example, in cases of radiofrequency ablation. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate if gadoxetate acid-enhanced MRI could be used to detect HCC in c-myc/TGFα transgenic mice by determining the relation between the signal intensity of HCC and normal liver parenchyma and the corresponding fat content as a diagnostic marker of HCC. In our study, 20 HCC in c-myc/TGFα transgenic male mice aged 20–34 weeks were analyzed. On gadoxetate acid-enhanced MRI, the signal intensity was 752.4 for liver parenchyma and 924.5 for HCC. The contrast to noise ratio was 20.4, the percentage enhancement was 267.1% for normal liver parenchyma and 353.9% for HCC. The fat content was 11.2% for liver parenchyma and 16.2% for HCC. There was a correlation between fat content and signal intensity with r = 0.7791. All parameters were statistically significant with P < 0.05. Our data indicate that gadoxetate acid contrast enhancement allows sensitive detection of HCC in c-myc/TGFα transgenic mice and determination of the fat content seems to be an additional useful parameter for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huedayi Korkusuz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qu JR, Li HL, Shao NN, Li X, Yan GL, Zhang HK, Luo JP, Zhang SN, Li YL, Liu CC. Additional diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of new, very small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions after interventional therapy compared with conventional 3 T MRI alone. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:669-74. [PMID: 22336669 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of new, very small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions (≤1 cm) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following interventional therapy compared to conventional MRI alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS After interventional therapy, 45 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent conventional MRI and DWI with a b-value of 0 and 700 s/mm(2). Twenty-one new, small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions were confirmed in 16 patients at follow-up MRI. Two observers independently retrospectively analysed the two imaging sets in random order. The diagnostic performance using each imaging set was evaluated by received operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Twenty-one new, very small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions found in 16 patients was confirmed as the final result. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the DWI/conventional MRI combination (observer 1, 0.952; observer 2, 0.976) and conventional MRI images alone (observer 1, 0.905; observer 2, 0.905) were statistically significant. The kappa value of the DWI/conventional MRI combination was 0.884, and that of conventional MRI was 0.722. Among the 21 lesions, 100% (21/21) of the lesions were both recognized by two independent reviewers on DWI, while only 76% (16/21) and 71% (15/21) of the lesions were regarded as very small hepatocellular carcinomas on conventional MRI. CONCLUSION Due to the higher detection rate of new subcentimetre lesions in hepatocellular carcinoma patients following interventional therapy, DWI could be considered complementary to conventional MRI in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-R Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Korkusuz H, Knau LL, Kromen W, Bihrer V, Keese D, Piiper A, Vogl TJ. Different signal intensity at Gd-EOB-DTPA compared with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma transgenic mouse model in delayed phase hepatobiliary imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 35:1397-402. [PMID: 22267126 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate hyperintense Gd-DTPA- compared with hyper- and hypointense Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnet resonance imaging (MRI) in c-myc/TGFα transgenic mice for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty HCC-bearing transgenic mice with overexpression of the protooncogene c-myc and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) were analyzed. MRI was performed using a 3-T MRI scanner and an MRI coil. The imaging protocol included Gd-DTPA- and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images. The statistically evaluated parameters are signal intensity (SI), signal intensity ratio (SIR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), percentage enhancement (PE), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). RESULTS On Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI compared with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, the SI of liver was 265.02 to 573.02 and of HCC 350.84 to either hyperintense with 757.1 or hypointense with 372.55 enhancement. Evaluated parameters were SNR of HCC 50.1 to 56.5/111.5 and SNR of liver parenchyma 37.8 to 85.8, SIR 1.32 to 1.31/0.64, CNR 12.2 to 26.1/-30.08 and PE 42.08% to 80.5/-98.2%, (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA is superior to Gd-DTPA for detecting HCC in contrast agent-enhanced MRI in the c-myc/TGFα transgenic mouse model and there was no difference between the hyperintense or hypointense appearance of HCC. Either way, HCCs can easily be distinguished from liver parenchyma in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huedayi Korkusuz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: diffusion-weighted imaging versus superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29:1235-43. [PMID: 21907517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to validate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the cirrhotic liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six consecutive patients with 106 hypervascular focal lesions in the cirrhotic liver who underwent DWI using three b factors and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced dynamic MRI followed by SPIO-enhanced MRI were enrolled. Two independent radiologists evaluated two separated image sets (SPIO set, dynamic MRI and SPIO-enhanced T2*-weighted images; DWI set, DWI and dynamic MRI) and assigned confidence levels for diagnosis of HCC using a five-point scale for each lesion. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) was calculated for each image set. RESULTS The A(z) value of the DWI set was larger than the SPIO set by both readers (reader 1, 0.936 vs. 0.900, P=.050; reader 2, 0.938 vs. 0.905, P=.110). For the sensitivity (reader 1, 93.1% vs. 86.2%, P=.146; reader 2, 95.4% vs. 88.5%, P=.070) and specificity (reader 1, 89.5% vs. 73.7%, P=.250; reader 2, 79.0% vs. 73.7%, P=1.000) of HCC diagnosis, DWI sets were superior to SPIO sets without statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION For assessment of hypervascular HCC, DWI in combination with dynamic MRI provides comparable or slightly better information compared with the combination of dynamic and SPIO-enhanced MRI.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma 1 cm or smaller in patients with chronic liver disease: characterization with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI that includes diffusion-weighted imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196:W758-65. [PMID: 21606265 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the finding most predictive for characterizing hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) measuring 1 cm or less at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI that includes diffusion-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, between May 2008 and June 2009, 66 patients with 108 hypervascular HCCs 1 cm or smaller underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3-T MRI that included diffusion-weighted images. The diagnosis of HCC was determined by surgical resection in 32 cases, percutaneous biopsy in three cases, or interval growth to larger than 1 cm on follow-up images in accordance with the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines in 73 cases. MRI findings of HCC and 33 benign hypervascular lesions in a control group were analyzed by two radiologists in consensus. They based their assessments on the presence or absence of the following five findings: hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images with low b values, washout pattern, capsular enhancement, and hypointensity on gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase images. The findings were compared by use of univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS No HCC with capsular enhancement was found. Fifty-seven HCCs (52.8%) had four findings, 36 (33.3%) had three, nine (8.3%) had two findings, and six (5.6%) had one finding. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the HCC and control groups with respect to four findings (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that hyperintensity on T2-weighted (p < 0.0001) and diffusion-weighted (p = 0.0081) images were statistically significant MRI findings for predicting HCC. CONCLUSION Hyperintensity on both T2- and diffusion-weighted images is helpful in the diagnosis of hypervascular HCC smaller than 1 cm in diameter.
Collapse
|